JP5893544B2 - 電圧制御装置、電圧制御方法、電力調整装置、及び電圧制御プログラム - Google Patents
電圧制御装置、電圧制御方法、電力調整装置、及び電圧制御プログラム Download PDFInfo
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- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00032—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for
- H02J13/00034—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for the elements or equipment being or involving an electric power substation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/70—Regulating power factor; Regulating reactive current or power
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q50/00—Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
- G06Q50/06—Energy or water supply
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
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- H02J13/00016—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using a wired telecommunication network or a data transmission bus
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- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
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- H02J13/00022—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using wireless data transmission
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Description
背景技術において説明したように、分散型電源やSVC等において、電圧制御のために入出力する無効電力の増加によって、配電線を流れる電流が増加すると、それに伴い配電線における電力損失(以後、配電損失という)が増加することが課題となっている。
図2は、実施の形態1に係る電圧制御装置201を含む配電系統100の概念図である。
一般に、電力調整装置が、制御値を通知されてから実際に無効電力を配電系統へ出力するまでには、制御遅延が生じる。ここで、電圧制御装置201による制御指令周期が、電力調整装置の制御遅延よりも短い場合には、電圧制御装置201による制御が破綻するおそれがある。そこで、これを回避可能な、実施の形態1の変形例に係る電圧制御装置201Aについて、以下に説明する。
以上の説明において、電力調整装置は、正又は負の無効電力を出力することを前提としていた。次に、電力調整装置が無効電力に加えて有効電力を出力する場合における電圧制御装置について、図6を参照して説明する。
次に、配電系統にステップ式自動電圧調整器が含まれる場合における電圧制御装置について説明する。
次に、家庭内に設置される場合の電圧制御装置について説明する。
次に、集合住宅内に設置される場合の電圧制御装置について説明する。
34 コンピュータ
36 キーボード
38 マウス
40 CD−ROM装置
42 CD−ROM
44 CPU
46 ROM
48 RAM
50 ハードディスク
52 通信モデム
54 バス
100、100C 配電系統
101 配電用変電所
102 高圧配電線
103 高圧引下線
104 柱上変圧器
105 低圧配電線
106 引込み線
107A、107B、107C、107D 受電点
108 計測点
109 負荷
110 分散型電源
111、111A、111B、111C SVC
112 通信線
113 需要家
201、201A、201B、201C、201D、201E 電圧制御装置
202、202A、202B、202C 通信部
203、203A、203B、203C 取得部
204 検出部
205、205A、205B、205C 制御量算出部
206、206A、206B、206C 通知部
510、512、514 グラフ
901〜909 高圧負荷
911〜919 高圧分散型電源
1101 ステップ式自動電圧調整器(SVR)
1301 メータ
1302 分電盤
1303 分散型電源
1304 パワーコンディショナ
1305 接続箱
1306 太陽光パネル
1307 電線
1308 電圧検出点
1401 キュービクル
1402 電線
1403 電圧検出点
1404 分散型電源
Claims (17)
- 配電系統の電圧を調整するために正又は負の無効電力を前記配電系統に出力する1以上の電力調整装置を制御する電圧制御装置であって、
前記配電系統上に設けられた1以上の電圧検出点における電圧値を取得する取得部と、
前記配電系統における変電所から前記1以上の電力調整装置までの系統インピーダンス値を検出する検出部と、
前記1以上の電圧検出点の中に、電圧値が所定の電圧範囲を逸脱している電圧検出点が存在している場合には、少なくとも前記所定の電圧範囲を逸脱している電圧検出点における電圧値が前記所定の電圧範囲内で設定された電圧目標値を逸脱しないように、前記1以上の電力調整装置に出力させるべき無効電力値に対応する値を制御量として算出する制御量算出部と、
前記制御量算出部が算出した制御量を前記1以上の電力調整装置に通知する通知部とを備え、
前記制御量算出部は、前記1以上の電圧検出点における電圧値、及び前記系統インピーダンス値を用いて演算することにより、前記電圧目標値を逸脱した電圧検出点のうちの特定の電圧検出点における電圧値が前記電圧目標値に略一致するように前記制御量を算出し、且つ、前記電圧目標値を逸脱した全ての電圧検出点における電圧値が前記電圧目標値から同一方向に逸脱している場合には、前記1以上の電力調整装置に出力させる無効電力の符号が全て同じとなるように前記制御量を算出する
電圧制御装置。 - 複数の前記電力調整装置が前記配電系統に接続されており、
前記制御量算出部は、前記1以上の電圧検出点の中に、電圧値が前記所定の電圧範囲を逸脱している電圧検出点が存在している場合に、前記系統インピーダンス値のうち線路抵抗値に応じて前記複数の電力調整装置のそれぞれに出力させるべき無効電力値が分配されるように、複数の前記電力調整装置ごとの制御量を算出する
請求項1に記載の電圧制御装置。 - 複数の前記電力調整装置が前記配電系統に接続されており、
前記制御量算出部は、前記1以上の電圧検出点の中に、電圧値が前記所定の電圧範囲を逸脱している電圧検出点が存在している場合には、複数の前記電力調整装置のそれぞれが無効電力を出力する際に当該電力調整装置内部にて発生する電力損失に応じて前記複数の電力調整装置のそれぞれに入出力させるべき無効電力値が分配されるように、複数の前記電力調整装置ごとの制御量を算出する
請求項1又は2に記載の電圧制御装置。 - 前記取得部は、さらに、前記1以上の電力調整装置が出力している無効電力値を取得し、
前記制御量算出部は、現在時刻tにおいて前記1以上の電圧検出点の中に電圧値が前記所定の電圧範囲を逸脱している電圧検出点が存在している場合に、
現在時刻tにおいて前記取得部が取得した無効電力値と時刻t−1において前記1以上の電力調整装置に出力させるべき無効電力値として算出した第1無効電力値との差の絶対値と、所定値とを比較し、
前記差の絶対値の方が大きい場合には、現在時刻tで算出した無効電力値と前記取得部が取得した無効電力値とを加算した値を前記制御量として算出し、
前記所定値の方が大きい場合には、現在時刻tで算出した無効電力値と前記第1無効電力値とを加算した値を前記制御量として算出する
請求項1に記載の電圧制御装置。 - 前記取得部は、さらに、前記1以上の電力調整装置が出力している無効電力値を取得し、
前記制御量算出部は、現在時刻tにおいて前記1以上の電圧検出点の中に電圧値が前記所定の電圧範囲を逸脱している電圧検出点が存在している場合に、
現在時刻tにおいて前記取得部が取得した無効電力値と時刻t−1において前記1以上の電力調整装置に出力させるべき無効電力値として算出した第1無効電力値との差の絶対値と、所定値とを比較し、
前記差の絶対値の方が大きい場合には、前記第1無効電力値を前記制御量として算出し、
前記所定値の方が大きい場合には、現在時刻tで算出した無効電力値と前記第1無効電力値とを加算した値を前記制御量として算出する
請求項1に記載の電圧制御装置。 - 前記所定の電圧範囲を逸脱している電圧検出点が複数存在し、且つ、前記所定の電圧範囲を逸脱した全ての電圧検出点における電圧値が前記電圧目標値から同一方向に逸脱している場合において、
前記制御量算出部は、前記所定の電圧範囲を逸脱した複数の前記電圧検出点のうち電圧の逸脱量が最も大きい電圧検出点を前記特定の電圧検出点として特定し、前記特定の電圧検出点における電圧値が前記電圧目標値に略一致するように前記制御量を算出する
請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の電圧制御装置。 - 前記所定の電圧範囲を逸脱している電圧検出点が複数存在し、前記所定の電圧範囲内には、第1電圧目標値と、前記第1電圧目標値以下である第2電圧目標値とが設定され、且つ、複数の前記電圧検出点における電圧値が、前記第1電圧目標値より上、及び前記第2電圧目標値より下のいずれの方向にも逸脱している場合において、
前記制御量算出部は、前記第1電圧目標値より上に電圧値が逸脱した電圧検出点のうち電圧の逸脱量が最も大きい電圧検出点を第1特定点として特定し、前記第2電圧目標値より下に電圧値が逸脱した電圧検出点のうち電圧の逸脱量が最も大きい電圧検出点を第2特定点として特定し、前記第1特定点における電圧値が前記第1電圧目標値と略一致し、前記第2特定点における電圧値が前記第2電圧目標値と略一致するように、前記制御量を算出する
請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の電圧制御装置。 - 前記取得部は、前記電力調整装置に分散型電源が含まれる場合に、前記分散型電源が出力する無効電力値と有効電力値とをさらに取得する
請求項1に記載の電圧制御装置。 - 前記制御量算出部は、前記取得部によって取得された、前記分散型電源が出力する無効電力値と有効電力値とから、前記複数の分散型電源それぞれにおける力率を計算し、前記力率が所定の値よりも小さい場合には、当該力率が当該所定の値に近づくように有効電力の抑制値を示す有効電力抑制値と、無効電力の低減値を示す無効電力低減値とを前記制御量として算出する
請求項8に記載の電圧制御装置。 - 前記制御量算出部は、前記通知部を介して前記電力調整装置に定期的に制御量を通知する場合において、前記1以上の電圧検出点における電圧変動の大きさがより大きいほど、より短い周期で、前記制御量を算出し、算出した制御量を前記電力調整装置に通知する
請求項1に記載の電圧制御装置。 - 前記制御量算出部は、現在時刻tから時刻t−mまでの所定の時間幅において算出した全ての制御量の平均値、あるいは、前記所定の時間幅において算出した制御量のうち最大の制御量と最小の制御量との平均値を、現在時刻tにおける制御量として算出する
請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の電圧制御装置。 - 前記取得部は、前記1以上の電力調整装置が出力する無効電力値を取得し、
前記制御量算出部は、前記1以上の電圧検出点において測定された全ての電圧値が前記所定の電圧範囲を逸脱しておらず、且つ、前記1以上の電力調整装置のうち少なくとも1つが無効電力を出力している場合に、前記1以上の電力調整装置が出力している無効電力値に入出力低減係数を乗算することにより、次に前記1以上の電力調整装置に出力させるべき無効電力値を算出する
請求項1に記載の電圧制御装置。 - 前記制御量算出部は、前記1以上の電圧検出点における電圧変動の大きさが大きいほど前記入出力低減係数の値を1に近い値に設定し、且つ、前記1以上の電圧検出点における電圧変動の大きさが小さいほど入出力低減係数の値を0に近い値に設定する
請求項12に記載の電圧制御装置。 - 前記配電系統には、変圧器二次側の電圧を調整するステップ式自動電圧調整器が接続されており、
前記取得部はさらに、前記ステップ式自動電圧調整器による変圧の範囲を示すタップ範囲と、前記ステップ式自動電圧調整器による現在の変圧状態を示すタップ位置及びタップ間電圧とを取得し、
前記制御量算出部はさらに、前記ステップ式自動電圧調整器におけるタップ位置を前記制御量として算出する
請求項1〜13のいずれか1項に記載の電圧制御装置。 - 配電系統の電圧を調整するために正又は負の無効電力を前記配電系統に出力する電力調整装置であって、
前記電力調整装置が出力する無効電力値と受電点における電圧値とを取得する自端情報取得部と、
前記自端情報取得部が取得した、前記無効電力値と前記受電点における電圧値とを、請求項1〜14のいずれか1項に記載の電圧制御装置へ送信し、当該電力調整装置が出力すべき無効電力値に対応する値である制御量を前記電圧制御装置から受信する通信部と、
前記電力調整装置が出力する無効電力値を制御する出力制御部とを備え、
前記出力制御部は、前記自端情報取得部が取得した前記受電点における電圧値が前記所定の電圧範囲を逸脱している場合に、前記受電点における電圧値が前記所定の電圧範囲内に収まるように無効電力を出力し、
前記通信部は、前記受電点における電圧値が前記所定の電圧範囲内に収まった後、前記自端情報取得部が取得した前記無効電力値と、前記受電点における電圧値とを前記電圧制御装置へ送信し、
前記出力制御部は、前記通信部が前記電圧制御装置から前記制御量を受信した後、受信した制御量に従って前記無効電力値を制御する
電力調整装置。 - 配電系統の電圧を調整するために正又は負の無効電力を前記配電系統に出力する1以上の電力調整装置を制御するための電圧制御方法であって、
前記配電系統上に設けられた1以上の電圧検出点における電圧値を取得する取得ステップと、
前記配電系統における変電所から前記1以上の電力調整装置までの系統インピーダンス値を検出する検出ステップと、
前記1以上の電圧検出点の中に、電圧値が所定の電圧範囲を逸脱している電圧検出点が存在している場合には、全ての電圧検出点における電圧値が前記所定の電圧範囲内で設定された電圧目標値を逸脱しないように、前記1以上の電力調整装置に出力させるべき無効電力値に対応する値を制御量として算出する制御量算出ステップと、
前記制御量算出ステップにおいて算出した制御量を前記1以上の電力調整装置に通知する通知ステップとを含み、
前記制御量算出ステップにおいては、前記1以上の電圧検出点における電圧値、及び前記系統インピーダンス値を用いて演算することにより、前記電圧目標値を逸脱した電圧検出点のうちの特定の電圧検出点における電圧値が前記電圧目標値に略一致するように前記制御量を算出し、且つ、前記電圧目標値を逸脱した全ての電圧検出点における電圧値が前記電圧目標値から同一方向に逸脱している場合には、前記1以上の電力調整装置に出力させる無効電力の符号が全て同じとなるように前記制御量を算出する
電圧制御方法。 - 請求項16に記載の電圧制御方法をコンピュータに実行させるための
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2012
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US20130134779A1 (en) | 2013-05-30 |
JP2013118804A (ja) | 2013-06-13 |
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