WO2014196449A1 - 補償光学システムの対応関係特定方法、補償光学システム、および補償光学システム用プログラムを記憶する記録媒体 - Google Patents
補償光学システムの対応関係特定方法、補償光学システム、および補償光学システム用プログラムを記憶する記録媒体 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- One aspect of the present invention relates to a correspondence specifying method of an adaptive optical system, an adaptive optical system, and a recording medium that stores a program for the adaptive optical system.
- Patent Document 1 describes a technology related to a wavefront sensor that measures the wavefront of a light wave.
- a feature for example, light intensity
- image data is obtained from a light receiving element such as a CCD that has received the light.
- the measurement spot position is calculated from the image data
- the feature of the condensed spot is detected
- the reference spot position corresponding to the condensed spot having the feature is associated with the measurement spot position
- the wavefront is calculated from the reference spot position and the measurement spot position.
- the adaptive optics technology is a technology that dynamically removes aberrations by measuring optical aberration (wavefront distortion) using a wavefront sensor and controlling the wavefront modulation element (spatial light modulator) based on the result. is there.
- This adaptive optics technique it is possible to improve the imaging characteristics, the degree of light collection, the SN ratio of the image, and the measurement accuracy.
- adaptive optics technology has been mainly used in astronomical telescopes and large laser devices.
- adaptive optics technology is being applied to fundus cameras, scanning laser ophthalmoscopes, optical coherence tomographs, laser microscopes, and the like. Imaging using such an adaptive optics technique enables observation with an unprecedented high resolution.
- the adaptive optics system for realizing the adaptive optics technique as described above is mainly composed of a spatial light modulator, a wavefront sensor, and a control device for controlling them.
- the wavefront sensor includes, for example, a plurality of lenses arranged in a two-dimensional manner, and a method of measuring a wavefront based on a positional deviation from a reference position of a focused spot formed by each lens (so-called shack A Hartmann wavefront sensor) can be used.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram for explaining the correspondence between the plurality of lenses 101 and the plurality of focused spots P when an optical image having a certain wavefront W is incident on the wavefront sensor.
- FIG. 22A when the aberration of the wavefront W is small, the positional deviation amount of each focused spot P is small, so that the inside of the plurality of regions 104 on the detection surface 103 that faces the plurality of lenses 101.
- the condensing spot P formed by the corresponding lens 101 is located.
- the distance between the position of the condensing spot to be formed when the aberration of the wavefront W is zero, that is, the reference position, and the position of the condensing spot P formed in the same region 104 as the reference position is calculated.
- the wavefront W has a large aberration
- the following problem occurs. That is, in such a case, the amount of positional deviation of the focused spot P becomes large, so that the focused spot P is located outside the region 104 facing the lens 101 forming the focused spot P. There is a case. Therefore, there is a situation in which the focused spot P does not exist in a certain area 104 and a plurality of focused spots P exist in another area 104.
- the condensing spot P formed by each lens 101 is an area adjacent to the area 104 facing each lens 101. 104 may be located.
- the correspondence between the focused spot P and the lens 101 is unclear, and control is performed based on the position of the focused spot P. It becomes difficult to specify the region on the modulation surface of the spatial light modulator to be performed. Therefore, the accuracy of wavefront distortion compensation is reduced, or the amount of wavefront distortion that can be compensated is limited.
- the aberration due to the eyeball may vary greatly depending on the person to be measured, and depending on the position of the eyeball and the position of the optical system for correcting myopia or hyperopia May increase the aberration. In those cases, the above problem becomes apparent.
- Patent Document 1 As a method for adding characteristics to each of light passing through a plurality of lenses of a wavefront sensor, a method in which an optical plate having a different thickness for each region corresponding to each lens is disposed in front of the lens, and each lens 2 shows a system in which an optical plate having a different transmittance for each region corresponding to the above is disposed in front of the lens, and a system in which a liquid crystal shutter is disposed in front of the lens.
- an optical plate or the like is newly disposed on the optical path of the light to be measured, and the number of parts increases.
- the wavefront detection accuracy may be reduced. Even if a mechanism capable of inserting and removing an optical plate or the like is provided as needed, it is difficult to adjust the relative position with respect to the lens, and the apparatus becomes large.
- One aspect of the present invention has been made in view of such a problem, and while suppressing an increase in loss of light to be measured, with a simple configuration, a condensing spot of a wavefront sensor and a position thereof are provided.
- Corresponding relationship identification method for compensation optical system capable of accurately identifying a correspondence relationship with a region on a modulation surface of a spatial light modulator to be controlled based on the above and accurately compensating for a larger wavefront distortion, compensation
- An object of the present invention is to provide an optical system and a recording medium for storing a program for an adaptive optical system.
- a method for specifying a correspondence relationship in an adaptive optics system is a method of entering light incident on a modulation surface including N (N is a natural number) regions arranged two-dimensionally.
- a spatial light modulator that spatially modulates the phase of an image, a lens array in which N lenses each corresponding to N regions are two-dimensionally arranged, and M (M Is a natural number and has a light detecting element for detecting a light intensity distribution including a condensing spot of M ⁇ N), receives a modulated light image from a spatial light modulator, and transmits the light based on the light intensity distribution.
- Compensation optical system that compensates for wavefront distortion by controlling the phase pattern displayed on the spatial light modulator based on the wavefront shape, and a wavefront sensor that measures the wavefront shape of the image.
- the wavefront sensor is displayed in a state where the phase pattern for wavefront distortion compensation is displayed in the specific target region of the spatial light modulator as the first detection step.
- the light intensity distribution is detected by the light detecting element.
- a condensing spot corresponding to the specific target region is formed at some position on the light detection element.
- the light intensity distribution is detected by the light detection element of the wavefront sensor in a state where a spatially nonlinear phase pattern is displayed in the specific target region.
- this second detection step light is diffused by the non-linear phase pattern displayed in the specific target region, and a condensed spot corresponding to the specific target region is not formed, or the light intensity is weak.
- the first specifying step when the light intensity distributions obtained in the first detecting step and the second detecting step are compared with each other, the light intensity distribution obtained in the first detecting step corresponds to the specific target region.
- the light intensity distribution obtained in the second detection step does not include a condensed spot corresponding to the specific target region, or the clarity of the condensed spot is the first detection step. It is inferior to each stage in comparison. Therefore, the focused spot corresponding to the specific target region can be accurately specified based on the change in the light intensity distribution between the first detection step and the second detection step.
- the focused spot of the wavefront sensor and the region on the modulation plane of the spatial light modulator to be controlled based on the aberration calculated from the position of the focused spot Can be identified accurately. Therefore, it is possible to accurately compensate for a larger wavefront distortion.
- the adaptive relationship identification method of the adaptive optics system displays a phase pattern for wavefront distortion compensation in a specific target area, and displays a spatially nonlinear phase pattern in a specific target area different from the specific target area. Then, based on the third detection step of detecting the light intensity distribution by the light detection element and the change of the light intensity distribution between the second detection step and the third detection step, the light collection corresponding to another specific target region. You may further comprise the 2nd specific step which specifies a spot. According to such a method, it is possible to efficiently identify the correspondence between each region and the focused spot while sequentially displaying a spatially nonlinear phase pattern in a plurality of regions of the spatial light modulator.
- the phase pattern for wavefront distortion compensation may be displayed in all N regions in the first detection step. Even with such a method, it is possible to specify the correspondence between the specific target region of the spatial light modulator and the focused spot.
- the correspondence specifying method of the adaptive optics system may compensate for the wavefront distortion based on the wavefront shape obtained from the light intensity distribution detected in the second detection step. That is, in this method, wavefront distortion is compensated based on the wavefront shape measured in a state where a spatially nonlinear phase pattern is displayed in the specific target region.
- the phase pattern for wavefront distortion compensation is not displayed in the specific target area, but the specific target area is limited to a small part of the N areas of the spatial light modulator, thereby affecting the influence of the specific target area.
- the wavefront distortion can be sufficiently compensated.
- the measured wavefront shape excluding the portion corresponding to the specific target region may be used.
- the correspondence relationship specifying method of the adaptive optics system is such that the spatially nonlinear phase pattern (that is, the phase pattern having a spatially nonlinear phase profile) displayed in the specific target region in the second detection step is A random distribution in which the size distribution is irregular may be included.
- the adaptive relationship identification method of the adaptive optics system may include a defocus distribution in which the spatially nonlinear phase pattern displayed in the specific target region in the second detection step expands the focused spot. By including any of these distributions in the phase pattern, a spatially nonlinear phase pattern can be realized.
- a plurality of areas that are not adjacent to each other among the N areas of the spatial light modulator may be set as the specific target area.
- the adaptive optics system is a spatial light modulation that spatially modulates the phase of an optical image incident on a modulation surface including N (N is a natural number) regions arranged two-dimensionally. And a lens array in which N lenses respectively corresponding to N regions are two-dimensionally arranged, and M (M is a natural number, M ⁇ N) condensing formed by the lens array
- N is a natural number
- M is a natural number, M ⁇ N
- a wavefront sensor having a light detecting element for detecting a light intensity distribution including a spot, receiving a modulated light image from a spatial light modulator, and measuring a wavefront shape of the light image based on the light intensity distribution;
- a control unit that compensates the wavefront distortion by controlling the phase pattern displayed on the optical modulator based on the wavefront shape, and the control unit performs N compensation of the spatial light modulator while performing the compensation of the wavefront distortion.
- Phase for wavefront distortion compensation in a specific target area The first light intensity distribution is acquired from the light detection element with the turn displayed, and the second light intensity distribution is acquired from the light detection element with the spatially nonlinear phase pattern displayed in the specific target region. Then, based on the change between the first light intensity distribution and the second light intensity distribution, the condensing spot corresponding to the specific target region among the M condensing spots is specified.
- the control unit displays a phase pattern for wavefront distortion compensation in the specific target region of the spatial light modulator, and displays a spatially nonlinear phase pattern in the specific target region.
- a light intensity distribution is acquired. Therefore, similar to the correspondence identification method described above, it is possible to accurately identify the focused spot corresponding to the specific target area based on the change between these light intensity distributions, and improve the accuracy of wavefront distortion compensation. It becomes possible to make it.
- new components such as an optical plate, an increase in the number of components can be suppressed, and an increase in loss of light to be measured can be suppressed, and wavefront detection accuracy can be maintained.
- the adaptive optics system program includes a spatial light modulator that spatially modulates the phase of an optical image incident on a modulation surface including N (N is a natural number) regions arranged two-dimensionally, and N A light intensity including a lens array in which N lenses each corresponding to a region of 2 are two-dimensionally arranged, and M (M is a natural number, M ⁇ N) condensing spots formed by the lens array
- N N is a natural number
- M M is a natural number, M ⁇ N
- a wavefront sensor that has a light-detecting element that detects the distribution and receives the modulated light image from the spatial light modulator, and the wavefront shape of the light image obtained from the light intensity distribution by the phase pattern displayed on the spatial light modulator
- a control unit that compensates for wavefront distortion by performing control based on the following: a spatial light modulator region and a focused spot formed on the wavefront sensor during compensation of wavefront distortion.
- a program for identifying a light intensity distribution by a light detection element in a state where a phase pattern for wavefront distortion compensation is displayed in a specific target region among N regions of a spatial light modulator A first detection step; a second detection step of detecting a light intensity distribution by a light detection element in a state where a spatially nonlinear phase pattern is displayed on the specific target region before or after the first detection step; A first specifying step of specifying a condensing spot corresponding to a specific target region among the M condensing spots based on a change in light intensity distribution between the first detection step and the second detection step; To run.
- a recording medium storing a program for an adaptive optics system that spatially converts a phase of an optical image incident on a modulation surface including N (N is a natural number) regions arranged two-dimensionally.
- a spatial light modulator that modulates optically, a lens array in which N lenses each corresponding to N regions are arranged two-dimensionally, and M (M is a natural number) formed by the lens array M ⁇ N) having a light detecting element that detects a light intensity distribution including a condensing spot, receives a modulated light image from a spatial light modulator, and changes the wavefront shape of the light image based on the light intensity distribution.
- a compensation optical system comprising a wavefront sensor to be measured and a control unit that compensates the wavefront distortion by controlling the phase pattern displayed on the spatial light modulator based on the wavefront shape, while compensating for the wavefront distortion
- the area of spatial light modulators A recording medium for storing a compensation optical system program for causing a control unit to specify a correspondence relationship with a focused spot formed on a wavefront sensor, the compensation optical system program including N pieces of spatial light modulators
- the control unit is caused to execute the first specifying step of specifying the condensing spot corresponding to the specifying target region among the M condensing spots.
- the adaptive optics system program and the recording medium for storing the same include a first detection step or a first identification step similar to the correspondence relationship identification method described above. Therefore, the focused spot corresponding to the specific target region can be accurately specified, and the accuracy of wavefront distortion compensation can be improved. In addition, since it is not necessary to add new components such as an optical plate, an increase in the number of components can be suppressed, and an increase in loss of light to be measured can be suppressed, and wavefront detection accuracy can be maintained.
- the adaptive optics system and the recording medium storing the adaptive optics system program according to one aspect of the present invention, the increase in the number of components and the increase in the loss of light to be measured are suppressed. While accurately identifying the correspondence between the focused spot of the wavefront sensor and the area on the modulation surface of the spatial light modulator to be controlled based on its position, it can accurately compensate for larger wavefront distortion Is possible.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration of an adaptive optics system according to an embodiment.
- FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the wavefront sensor of one Embodiment roughly, Comprising: The cross section along the optical axis of the optical image is shown. It is the figure which looked at the lens array with which a wavefront sensor is provided from the optical axis direction of an optical image.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an LCOS type spatial light modulator as an example of the spatial light modulator of one embodiment, showing a cross section along the optical axis of an optical image. It is a figure which simplifies and shows the relationship between a spatial light modulator and a wavefront sensor.
- phase distribution refers to two-dimensionally distributed phase values
- phase pattern refers to a phase distribution (two-dimensional phase value) coded based on a certain standard
- phase profile refers to a distribution of phase values along a certain direction (line) in the phase distribution.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration of an adaptive optics system 10 according to the present embodiment.
- the adaptive optics system 10 is incorporated into, for example, an ophthalmic examination apparatus, a laser processing apparatus, a microscope apparatus, or an adaptive optics apparatus.
- the adaptive optics system 10 includes a spatial light modulator (SLM) 11, a wavefront sensor 12, a control unit 13, a beam splitter 14, relay lenses 15 and 16, and a control circuit unit 17.
- SLM spatial light modulator
- the spatial light modulator 11 receives the optical image L1 on the modulation surface 11a that displays the phase pattern, modulates the wavefront shape of the optical image L1, and outputs the result.
- the light image L1 incident on the spatial light modulator 11 is, for example, light emitted from a laser light source or a super luminescent diode (SLD), or reflected light, scattered light, fluorescence, etc. generated from an observation object irradiated with the light. is there.
- the wavefront sensor 12 includes information related to the wavefront shape of the optical image L1 that has arrived from the spatial light modulator 11 (typically, it appears due to aberrations of the optical system and represents wavefront distortion, that is, wavefront deviation from the reference wavefront).
- the data S1 is provided to the control unit 13.
- the control unit 13 Based on the data S ⁇ b> 1 obtained from the wavefront sensor 12, the control unit 13 generates a control signal S ⁇ b> 2 for causing the spatial light modulator 11 to display an appropriate phase pattern.
- the control unit 13 includes an input unit that inputs data S1 from the wavefront sensor 12, an aberration calculation unit that calculates aberration from the data S1, a phase pattern calculation unit that calculates a phase pattern to be displayed on the spatial light modulator 11, and A signal generation unit that generates the control signal S2 according to the calculated phase pattern is included.
- the control circuit unit 17 receives the control signal S2 from the control unit 13 and applies a voltage V1 based on the control signal S2 to the plurality of electrodes of the spatial light modulator 11.
- the beam splitter 14 is disposed between the wavefront sensor 12 and the spatial light modulator 11 and branches the optical image L1.
- the beam splitter 14 may be any of a polarization direction independent type, a polarization direction dependent type, or a wavelength dependent type (dichroic mirror) beam splitter.
- One light image L1 branched by the beam splitter 14 is sent to a light detection element 18 such as a CCD, a photomultiplier tube, or an avalanche photodiode.
- the light detection element 18 is incorporated in, for example, a scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO), an optical tomography apparatus (Optical Coherence Tomography; OCT), a fundus camera, a microscope, a telescope, or the like.
- SLO scanning laser ophthalmoscope
- OCT optical Coherence Tomography
- the other optical image L1 branched by the beam splitter 14 enters the wavefront sensor 12.
- Relay lenses 15 and 16 are arranged side by side in the optical axis direction between the wavefront sensor 12 and the spatial light modulator 11. By these relay lenses 15 and 16, the wavefront sensor 12 and the spatial light modulator 11 are maintained in an optical conjugate relationship with each other.
- An optical imaging lens and / or a deflection mirror may be further disposed between the wavefront sensor 12 and the spatial light modulator 11.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the configuration of the wavefront sensor 12 of the present embodiment, showing a cross section along the optical axis of the optical image L1.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram of the lens array 120 included in the wavefront sensor 12 as viewed from the optical axis direction of the optical image L1.
- the wavefront sensor 12 includes an interference type and a non-interference type.
- a non-interference type Shack-Hartmann type wavefront sensor having a lens array 120 and an image sensor (photodetection element) 122 is used as the wavefront sensor 12.
- the earthquake resistance is superior to the case where the interference type wavefront sensor 12 is used, and the configuration of the wavefront sensor and the calculation processing of measurement data are simplified. There are advantages you can do.
- the lens array 120 has N lenses 124 (N is a natural number).
- the N lenses 124 are arranged in a two-dimensional lattice pattern of Na rows and Nb columns (Na and Nb are integers of 2 or more).
- the image sensor 122 shown in FIG. 2 has a light receiving surface 122a at a position overlapping the rear focal plane of the N lenses 124 constituting the lens array 120, and M formed by the N lenses 124.
- the light intensity distribution including the condensing spots P (M is a natural number and M ⁇ N) is detected.
- M is a natural number and M ⁇ N
- the focused spot P is formed by the lens 124 irradiated with the input light. Therefore, out of the N lenses 124 constituting the lens array 120, the number N ′ of the lenses 124 existing in the irradiation range of the input light is equal to the number M of the focused spots P.
- the control unit 13 described later measures the wavefront shape (phase gradient distribution) of the optical image L1 based on the light intensity distribution. That is, the magnitude of the deviation between the position of the focused spot P by the lens 124 and the reference position is proportional to the local wavefront slope of the optical image L1 incident on the lens 124. Therefore, the magnitude of the positional deviation of the condensed spot P from the reference position can be calculated for each lens 124, and the wavefront shape of the optical image L1 can be measured based on the positional deviation of the condensed spot P.
- each pixel constituting the light receiving surface 122a of the image sensor 122 is also arranged in a two-dimensional lattice, and the horizontal direction and the vertical direction thereof are respectively coincident with the horizontal direction and the vertical direction of the lens array 120.
- the pixel pitch of the image sensor 122 is sufficiently smaller than the pitch of the lens array 120 so that the magnitude of the deviation of the focused image position from the reference position can be detected with high accuracy.
- the reference position used for calculating the magnitude of the shift of the focused image position can be a position where the optical axes of the plurality of lenses 124 and the light receiving surface 122a of the image sensor 122 intersect. This position can be easily obtained by calculating the center of gravity using a condensed image obtained by allowing a parallel plane wave to vertically enter each lens 124.
- the spatial light modulator 11 is an element that receives a light image L1 from a light source or an observation object, modulates the wavefront of the light image L1, and outputs the modulated light wave.
- the spatial light modulator 11 has a plurality of pixels (control points) arranged in a two-dimensional lattice, and modulates each pixel according to a control signal S2 provided from the control unit 13. The amount (for example, phase modulation amount) is changed.
- Examples of the spatial light modulator 11 include an LCOS (Liquid Crystal On On Silicon) type spatial light modulator, an electrical address type spatial light modulator formed by combining a liquid crystal display element and an optical address type liquid crystal spatial light modulator, There are such things as micro electro mechanical elements (MEMS).
- MEMS micro electro mechanical elements
- the reflective spatial light modulator 11 is shown in FIG. 1, the spatial light modulator 11 may be a transmissive type.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an LCOS type spatial light modulator as an example of the spatial light modulator 11 of the present embodiment, and shows a cross section along the optical axis of the optical image L1.
- the spatial light modulator 11 includes a transparent substrate 111, a silicon substrate 112, a plurality of pixel electrodes 113, a liquid crystal part (modulation part) 114, a transparent electrode 115, alignment films 116a and 116b, a dielectric mirror 117, and a spacer 118. ing.
- the transparent substrate 111 is made of a material that transmits the optical image L1 and is disposed along the main surface of the silicon substrate 112.
- the plurality of pixel electrodes 113 are arranged in a two-dimensional lattice pattern on the main surface of the silicon substrate 112 and constitute each pixel of the spatial light modulator 11.
- the transparent electrode 115 is disposed on the surface of the transparent substrate 111 facing the plurality of pixel electrodes 113.
- the liquid crystal unit 114 is disposed between the plurality of pixel electrodes 113 and the transparent electrode 115.
- the alignment film 116 a is disposed between the liquid crystal part 114 and the transparent electrode 115, and the alignment film 116 b is disposed between the liquid crystal part 114 and the plurality of pixel electrodes 113.
- the dielectric mirror 117 is disposed between the alignment film 116 b and the plurality of pixel electrodes 113.
- the dielectric mirror 117 reflects the light image L1 incident from the transparent substrate 111 and transmitted through the liquid crystal unit 114 and emits the light from the transparent substrate 111 again.
- the spatial light modulator 11 further includes a pixel electrode circuit (active matrix drive circuit) 119 that controls a voltage applied between the plurality of pixel electrodes 113 and the transparent electrode 115.
- a pixel electrode circuit active matrix drive circuit
- the liquid crystal unit 114 on the pixel electrode 113 is changed according to the magnitude of the electric field generated between the pixel electrode 113 and the transparent electrode 115.
- the refractive index of. Therefore, the optical path length of the optical image L1 that passes through the portion of the liquid crystal unit 114 changes, and as a result, the phase of the optical image L1 changes.
- the spatial distribution of the phase modulation amount can be electrically written, and various wavefront shapes can be realized as necessary. it can.
- a light image L1 from a light source (not shown) or an observation object enters the spatial light modulator 11 as substantially parallel light.
- the optical image L1 modulated by the spatial light modulator 11 enters the beam splitter 14 via the relay lenses 15 and 16, and is branched into two optical images.
- One optical image L1 after branching enters the wavefront sensor 12.
- the wavefront sensor 12 generates data S1 including the wavefront shape (for example, phase distribution) of the optical image L1, and the data S1 is provided to the control unit 13.
- the control unit 13 calculates the wavefront shape (phase distribution) of the optical image L1 as necessary based on the data S1 from the wavefront sensor 12, and calculates a phase pattern for appropriately compensating for the wavefront distortion of the optical image L1.
- the control signal S2 including the signal is output to the spatial light modulator 11. Thereafter, the undistorted optical image L1 compensated by the spatial light modulator 11 is branched by the beam splitter 14, enters the photodetector 18 through an optical system (not shown), and is imaged.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the spatial light modulator 11 and the wavefront sensor 12 in a simplified manner.
- the wavefront sensor 12 in order for the wavefront sensor 12 to accurately detect the wavefront shape of the optical image L1, M focused spots P formed by each of the N lenses 124, It is necessary to accurately specify the correspondence relationship with the N regions 11b on the modulation surface 11a of the spatial light modulator 11 to be controlled based on the positional deviation information of the M focused spots P.
- FIG. 6 is a front view of the modulation surface 11 a of the spatial light modulator 11.
- N regions 11b assumed on the modulation surface 11a are arranged in a two-dimensional shape (for example, Na rows and Nb columns) similarly to the N lenses 124, and each of the N lenses. 124 with a one-to-one correspondence.
- Each region 11b includes a plurality of pixels.
- this specifying method is executed, for example, in the control unit 13 during execution of the wavefront distortion compensation operation.
- this specifying method is stored as a program in the storage area 13a of the control unit 13 shown in FIG. 1, and the control unit 13 reads and executes this program.
- FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram for explaining the principle of the specifying method in the present embodiment.
- the wavefronts W1 and W1 of the optical image incident on the modulation surface 11a the relay lenses 15 and 16
- the wavefront W2 of the optical image emitted from the modulation surface 11a and the wavefront W3 of the optical image incident on the wavefront sensor 12 are shown.
- FIG. 7 shows an optical image L1 that is emitted from a certain region 11b on the modulation surface 11a and reaches the lens 124 of the wavefront sensor 12 corresponding to the region 11b.
- the wavefront distortion compensation operation is being executed, and the wavefront distortion compensation phase pattern is displayed in all the regions 11b on the modulation surface 11a.
- a wavefront W2 obtained by adding a wavefront corresponding to the phase pattern to the incident wavefront W1 is emitted from the spatial light modulator 11, and the wavefront sensor 12 has a wavefront that has passed through a conjugate optical system including relay lenses 15 and 16. W3 is incident.
- a spatially nonlinear phase pattern (for example, a distribution of phase magnitudes) is used instead of the phase pattern for wavefront distortion compensation. Random distribution with irregularity, defocus distribution that expands the focused spot, etc.).
- the wavefront corresponding to the specific target region in the outgoing wavefront W2 is disturbed (portion A1 in FIG. 7).
- This disturbance of the wavefront also occurs in the portion of the incident wavefront W3 incident on the wavefront sensor 12 that is incident on the lens 124 that has a one-to-one correspondence with the specific target region (portion A2 in FIG. 7).
- the condensing spot P formed by the lens 124 is diffused, and the condensing spot P is not formed, or the light intensity is weak.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram conceptually showing the phase pattern displayed on the modulation surface 11a.
- a region B1 is a region where a phase pattern for wavefront distortion compensation is displayed
- a region B2 is a region where a spatially nonlinear phase pattern is displayed (that is, a specific target region).
- a spatially nonlinear phase pattern is displayed in one specific target area B2 among the N areas 11b.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram conceptually showing light intensity distribution data (Shack-Hartmanngram) detected by the image sensor 122 of the wavefront sensor 12.
- FIG. 9A shows the light intensity distribution data D1 when the phase pattern for wavefront distortion compensation is displayed in the N regions 11b of the modulation surface 11a
- FIG. The light intensity distribution data D2 in the case where a spatially nonlinear phase pattern is displayed in one specific target region in the region 11b and the wavefront distortion compensation phase pattern is displayed in the other region is shown.
- the M condensed spots P corresponding to the areas 11b are distributed in the light intensity distribution. Included in the data.
- FIG. 9B when a spatially nonlinear phase pattern is displayed in one specific target region, the light collection corresponding to the other (N ⁇ 1) regions. Although the spot P is formed, the focused spot corresponding to the specific target region is not formed, or even if it is formed, the maximum intensity is reduced (part C in the figure). Therefore, based on the change from the light intensity distribution data D1 shown in FIG. 9A to the light intensity distribution data D2 shown in FIG. The corresponding condensing spot P can be specified.
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing the operation of the adaptive optics system 10 and the wavefront compensation method of the present embodiment.
- the program stored in the storage area 13a of the control unit 13 is a program for an adaptive optics system that causes the control unit 13 to execute the following method.
- the control unit 13 may be configured mainly by a computer including a CPU, a RAM and a ROM that are main storage devices, a communication module for performing communication, and hardware resources such as an auxiliary storage device such as a hard disk.
- the adaptive optics system program is stored in a recording medium that is inserted into the computer and accessed, or a recording medium provided in the computer.
- a recording medium include a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a CD-ROM, a USB memory, and a memory (storage area 13a) built in the computer.
- step S11 an initial process of the control unit 13 is performed.
- this initial processing step S11 for example, a memory area necessary for calculation processing is secured, initial parameter settings, and the like are performed.
- wavefront measurement (aberration measurement) is performed (step S12).
- the control unit 13 obtains the wavefront shape based on the light intensity distribution data acquired by the wavefront sensor 12.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the wavefront measurement process executed in the control unit 13.
- the control unit 13 first acquires light intensity distribution data created by the image sensor 122 of the wavefront sensor 12 (step S21, first detection step in the present embodiment).
- this light intensity distribution data includes M condensing spots P formed by N lenses 124.
- the control unit 13 calculates the center of gravity (primary moment of the light intensity) of each of the M focused spots P included in the light intensity distribution data, so that the position coordinates of each of the M focused spots P are calculated. Is specified (step S22).
- the center of gravity it is also possible to perform the removal of data values smaller than a predetermined threshold, noise reduction processing, and the like.
- the evaluation values of the M condensing spots P are calculated (step S23). Evaluation values include, for example, the maximum light intensity and spot diameter (expansion) of each focused spot P, the high-order moment of light intensity, the minimum light intensity within the spot diameter, the sum of the light intensity within the spot diameter, and the like.
- the control unit 13 calculates a wavefront distortion compensation phase pattern (control pattern) to be displayed on the modulation surface 11a of the spatial light modulator 11 (step S13).
- a phase pattern that approximates the wavefront distortion (aberration) calculated in the previous wavefront measurement step S12 to zero is calculated based on an algorithm of negative feedback control.
- a control signal S 2 corresponding to the calculated phase pattern is output from the control unit 13 to the control circuit unit 17.
- the control circuit unit 17 supplies a control voltage V1 corresponding to the control signal S2 to the spatial light modulator 11.
- step S14 determines whether or not the correspondence relationship between each region 11b of the modulation surface 11a and the focused spot P is specified.
- step S14 determines whether or not the correspondence relationship between each region 11b of the modulation surface 11a and the focused spot P is specified.
- step S15 correspondence specifying step.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing an example of a method for specifying the correspondence between the focused spot P and the region 11b on the modulation surface 11a in the correspondence specification step S15.
- the control unit 13 spatially replaces the phase pattern for wavefront distortion compensation in a specific target region on the modulation surface 11a.
- a nonlinear phase pattern is displayed (step S31).
- the control unit 13 acquires light intensity distribution data created by the image sensor 122 of the wavefront sensor 12 in a state where a spatially nonlinear phase pattern is displayed in the specific target region (step S32, this embodiment). Second detection step in the embodiment).
- the light intensity distribution data is formed by (N ⁇ 1) lenses 124 (M -1) Condensing spots P are included.
- the control unit 13 obtains the light intensity distribution data (for example, FIG. 9A) acquired in the first detection step S21 and the light intensity distribution data (for example, FIG. 9B) acquired in the second detection step S32. )) Is compared (step S33). This comparison is performed by, for example, the light intensity distribution data (for example, FIG. 9 (a)) acquired in the first detection step S21 and the light intensity distribution data (for example, FIG. 9 (b)) acquired in the second detection step S32.
- the center of gravity calculation as in step S23 may be performed on each light intensity distribution data, and the feature amount such as the center of gravity of the condensed spot, the spot diameter, and the total light intensity within the spot diameter may be used.
- the first detection step S21 the light intensity distribution data is acquired in a state where the phase pattern for wavefront distortion compensation is displayed in all of the N areas 11b including the specific target area. Includes a condensing spot P corresponding to the specific target region.
- Step S34 a first specifying step in the present embodiment.
- the control unit 13 determines whether or not it is necessary to specify the correspondence relationship with the focused spot for another region on the modulation surface 11a (step S35).
- step S35 the control unit 13 repeats the above-described steps S31 to S34 for another region.
- step S35 No
- the control unit 13 determines that it is not necessary to specify the correspondence between the focused spot P and the region 11b in step S14 after specifying the corresponding relationship between the focused spot P and the region 11b in the corresponding relationship specifying step S15.
- a command signal as to whether or not to end the wavefront compensation operation is received from the outside (step S16).
- This command signal is input from a person who operates an apparatus including the adaptive optics system 10, for example.
- step S16; Yes the process is ended through the end process step S17. If there is no termination command (step S16; No), the aforementioned steps S12 to S16 are repeatedly executed. In the end processing step S17, for example, the memory area of the control unit 13 is released.
- the light intensity distribution is detected by the image sensor 122 of the wavefront sensor 12 in a state where the phase pattern for wavefront distortion compensation is displayed in the specific target region of the spatial light modulator 11. .
- a focused spot P corresponding to the specific target region is formed at some position on the image sensor 122.
- the light intensity distribution is detected by the image sensor 122 of the wavefront sensor 12 in a state where a spatially nonlinear phase pattern is displayed in the specific target region.
- the light is diffused by the non-linear phase pattern displayed in the specific target region, and the condensed spot P corresponding to the specific target region is not formed, or the light intensity is weak.
- the first specifying step S34 when the light intensity distributions obtained in the first detecting step S21 and the second detecting step S32 are compared with each other, the light intensity distribution obtained in the first detecting step S21 is specified.
- the focused spot P corresponding to the target area clearly exists, but the light intensity distribution obtained in the second detection step S32 does not include the focused spot P corresponding to the specific target area, or the focused spot P
- the clarity is inferior to each stage as compared with the first detection step S21. Therefore, the condensing spot P corresponding to the specific target region can be accurately identified based on the change in the light intensity distribution between the first detection step S21 and the second detection step S32.
- FIGS. 13 to 16 are diagrams showing examples of such phase patterns.
- the magnitude of the phase is indicated by light and dark, the phase of the darkest part is 0 (rad), and the brightest part is shown.
- the phase is 2 ⁇ (rad).
- FIG. 13 shows a random distribution in which the phase size distribution is irregular.
- the light image L1 of the portion is diffused, and a clear focused spot P is not formed, or the maximum light intensity is reduced.
- FIG. 14 shows a defocus distribution in which the diameter of the focused spot P is expanded.
- the light image L1 of the portion is not condensed but is enlarged on the contrary, so that a clear condensing spot P is not formed or the maximum light intensity is increased. Decrease.
- FIG. 15 shows a distribution that causes a large spherical aberration in the optical image L1.
- FIG. 16 shows a distribution that causes an aberration including higher-order aberrations of orders greater than spherical aberration, astigmatism, and coma aberration in the optical image L1. Even when the phase pattern shown in FIG. 15 or FIG. 16 is displayed in the specific target region, a clear focused spot P is not formed.
- the spatially nonlinear phase pattern may include at least one of these distributions, or may include a composite pattern obtained by superimposing at least one of these distributions and a linear phase pattern, Alternatively, it may include a composite pattern in which at least one of these distributions and a phase pattern for compensating for wavefront distortion measured on the wavefront are superimposed.
- a spatial light modulator in which a plurality of regular hexagonal pixels are arranged without gaps may be used.
- the spatial light modulator using liquid crystal has been described as an example.
- the spatial light modulator using a material having an electro-optic effect other than liquid crystal, or the pixel is formed by a micromirror.
- a spatial light modulator or a variable mirror that deforms a film mirror with an actuator may be used.
- the second detection step S32 is performed after the first detection step S21, but this order may be reversed. That is, a spatially nonlinear phase pattern is first displayed in the specific target region, and after detecting the light intensity distribution by the image sensor 122 in this state, the phase pattern for wavefront distortion compensation is displayed in the specific target region. Thus, the light intensity distribution may be detected by the image sensor 122. Even if it is such a form, the effect mentioned above can be acquired similarly.
- step S33 in the correspondence specifying step S15 the light intensity distribution (FIG. 9 (a)) including all M focused spots P and the specific target region Is compared with the light intensity distribution (FIG. 9B) in which the condensing spot P corresponding to is not formed.
- step S33 it is sufficient to compare the light intensity distribution in which the focused spot P corresponding to the specific target region is formed with the light intensity distribution in which the focused spot P is not formed. Therefore, for example, when steps S31 to S34 are repeatedly executed for a plurality of specific target areas, the light intensity distribution acquired in step S32 before the previous time may be used as a comparison target.
- FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing the operation of the control unit 13 of the adaptive optics system 10 according to this modification and the correspondence relationship specifying method.
- the flowchart shown in FIG. 17 differs from FIG. 12 in that steps S36 to S40 are provided after the branch of step S35.
- steps S36 to S40 are executed.
- step S36 in the specific target region different from the specific target region selected in step S31, the control unit 13 displays a spatially nonlinear phase pattern instead of the phase pattern for wavefront distortion compensation.
- the control unit 13 displays a phase pattern for wavefront distortion compensation instead of the spatially nonlinear phase pattern.
- step S37 the control unit 13 acquires light intensity distribution data created by the image sensor 122 of the wavefront sensor 12 in a state where the phase pattern is displayed (third detection step in the present modification). ). And the control part 13 compares the light intensity distribution data acquired in 3rd detection step S37, and the light intensity distribution data acquired in 2nd detection step S32 (step S38). The control unit 13 identifies the condensing spot P in which the light intensity and the spot diameter have changed significantly in this comparison, and determines that the condensing spot P is a condensing spot corresponding to the other specific target region. (Step S39, 2nd specific step in this embodiment).
- control unit 13 determines whether or not it is necessary to specify the correspondence relationship with the focused spot for another specific target region on the modulation surface 11a (step S40).
- step S40 determines whether or not it is necessary to specify (step S40; Yes).
- step S40 repeats the above-described steps S36 to S39 for another specific target region.
- steps S36 to S39 are repeated, the light intensity distribution data obtained in step S37 for the specified specific target region in step S38 and the light obtained in step S37 for the specific target region to be specified. You may compare with intensity distribution data.
- the control part 13 complete
- a third detection step S37 and a second specifying step S38 are further provided. Accordingly, the correspondence relationship between each region 11b and the focused spot P can be efficiently identified while sequentially displaying the spatially nonlinear phase pattern on the plurality of regions 11b of the spatial light modulator 11.
- step S12 of the above-described embodiment light intensity distribution data (FIG. 9A) including all M focused spots P is acquired in step S21, and this light intensity distribution is obtained.
- the wavefront shape is measured using the data (steps S22 to S25).
- the wavefront measurement step S12 uses the light intensity distribution data acquired in the second detection step S32 of the correspondence specifying step S15, and the wavefront The shape may be measured. According to this method, step S21 of wavefront measurement step S12 can be omitted.
- FIG. 18 is a flowchart showing wavefront measurement steps according to this modification.
- the control unit 13 first includes light intensity distribution data (see, for example, FIG. 9B) acquired in the second detection step S ⁇ b> 32 of the correspondence relationship specifying step S ⁇ b> 15 that has already been executed.
- the position coordinates of each of the N or less focused spots P are specified (step S51).
- evaluation values of N or less condensing spots P are calculated (step S52), and the distance (positional deviation amount) between the position coordinates of each condensing spot P and the reference position is calculated for each condensing spot P.
- Step S53 The details of steps S52 and S53 are the same as in the above embodiment.
- the wavefront distortion (aberration) is calculated by applying the positional deviation amount of each focused spot P calculated in step S53 to the wavefront equation (step S54).
- wavefront distortion is compensated based on the wavefront shape obtained from the light intensity distribution data detected in the second detection step S32. That is, in the method of this modification, wavefront distortion is compensated based on the wavefront shape measured in a state where a spatially nonlinear phase pattern is displayed in the specific target region. In this case, the phase pattern for wavefront distortion compensation is not displayed in the specific target region, but by limiting the specific target region to a small portion of the N regions 11b of the spatial light modulator 11, the specific target region The wavefront distortion can be sufficiently compensated by suppressing the influence.
- the measured wavefront shape excluding the portion corresponding to the specific target region may be used. Alternatively, the entire calculated wavefront shape may be used, and in the specific target region of the spatial light modulator 11, a spatially nonlinear phase pattern may be synthesized with the measured wavefront shape to constitute the entire phase pattern. .
- FIG. 19 is a flowchart showing the operation of the adaptive optics system 10 and the wavefront compensation method in such a case.
- step S11 initial processing
- step S12 wavefront measurement
- step S13 calculation of a phase pattern for wavefront distortion compensation
- step S14 the control unit 13 determines whether to specify the correspondence between each region 11b of the modulation surface 11a and the focused spot P.
- step S14 the control unit 13 performs the correspondence specifying step S15 (see FIG. 12), and then includes a second step including steps S51 to S54 shown in FIG.
- the wavefront measurement step S61 is performed. Based on the wavefront distortion measured in the second wavefront measurement step S61, the calculation of the phase pattern for wavefront distortion compensation is performed again (step S62).
- step S16 A command signal indicating whether or not to end the compensation operation is received from the outside (step S16). This command signal is input from a person who operates an apparatus including the adaptive optics system 10, for example.
- step S16; Yes the process is ended through the end process step S17. If there is no end command (step S16; No), it is selected whether or not to perform wavefront distortion compensation with correspondence specification (step S63). If the process proceeds to step S12 and is executed (step S63; Yes), the process proceeds to step S15 described above.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating an example in which a plurality of specific target areas B2 are set at one time.
- a region B1 is a region where a phase pattern for wavefront distortion compensation is displayed.
- a plurality of regions 11b that are not adjacent to each other are set as the specific target region B2, and a spatially nonlinear phase pattern is displayed.
- the correspondence relationship between the plurality of specific target regions B2 of the spatial light modulator 11 and the plurality of condensing spots P can be specified at a time, and thus the time required for specifying the correspondence relationship can be shortened.
- the interval between the plurality of specific target regions B2 may be set longer as the aberration of the optical image L1 is larger.
- the measurement accuracy of the wavefront shape is smaller as the number of the specific target regions B2 is smaller. Will improve.
- the correspondence relationship specifying method, the compensation optical system, the compensation optical system program, and the recording medium for storing the compensation optical system program according to one aspect of the present invention are not limited to the above-described embodiments, and may be various other types. Deformation is possible.
- the lens array 120 of the wavefront sensor 12 is illustrated as having a plurality of lenses 124 arranged in a two-dimensional lattice pattern as shown in FIG.
- the lens array of the sensor 12 is not limited to such a form.
- the lens array 120 may have a honeycomb structure in which a plurality of regular hexagonal lenses 128 are arranged without gaps.
- the adaptive optics system the adaptive optics system program, and the recording medium storing the adaptive optics system program according to one aspect of the present invention
- the increase in the number of parts and the measurement target light Larger wavefront distortion by accurately identifying the correspondence between the focused spot of the wavefront sensor and the area on the modulation surface of the spatial light modulator to be controlled based on its position, while suppressing the increase in loss Can be accurately compensated.
- SYMBOLS 10 Compensation optical system, 11 ... Spatial light modulator, 11a ... Modulation surface, 11b ... Area
Abstract
Description
Claims (9)
- 二次元状に配列されたN個(Nは自然数)の領域を含む変調面に入射した光像の位相を空間的に変調する空間光変調器と、前記N個の領域に各々対応するN個のレンズが二次元状に配列されたレンズアレイ、並びに該レンズアレイによって形成されたM個(Mは自然数であり、M≦N)の集光スポットを含む光強度分布を検出する光検出素子を有し、前記空間光変調器から変調後の前記光像を受ける波面センサとを備え、前記空間光変調器に表示される位相パターンを、前記光強度分布から得られる前記光像の波面形状に基づいて制御することにより波面歪みを補償する補償光学システムにおいて、前記波面歪みの補償を実行中に、前記空間光変調器の前記領域と、前記波面センサに形成される前記集光スポットとの対応関係を特定する方法であって、
前記空間光変調器の前記N個の領域のうちの特定対象領域に、波面歪み補償用の位相パターンを表示させた状態で、前記光検出素子により前記光強度分布を検出する第1検出ステップと、
前記第1検出ステップの前又は後に、空間的に非線形な位相パターンを前記特定対象領域に表示させた状態で、前記光検出素子により前記光強度分布を検出する第2検出ステップと、
前記第1検出ステップと前記第2検出ステップとの間の前記光強度分布の変化に基づいて、前記M個の集光スポットのうち前記特定対象領域に対応する集光スポットを特定する第1特定ステップと、
を備える補償光学システムの対応関係特定方法。 - 波面歪み補償用の位相パターンを前記特定対象領域に表示させ、空間的に非線形な位相パターンを前記特定対象領域とは別の特定対象領域に表示させた状態で、前記光検出素子により前記光強度分布を検出する第3検出ステップと、
前記第2検出ステップと前記第3検出ステップとの間の前記光強度分布の変化に基づいて、前記別の特定対象領域に対応する集光スポットを特定する第2特定ステップと、
を更に備える請求項1に記載の補償光学システムの対応関係特定方法。 - 前記第1検出ステップにおいて、前記N個の領域全てに波面歪み補償用の位相パターンを表示させる請求項1または2に記載の補償光学システムの対応関係特定方法。
- 前記第2検出ステップにおいて検出された前記光強度分布から得られる前記波面形状に基づいて波面歪みを補償する請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の補償光学システムの対応関係特定方法。
- 前記第2検出ステップにおいて前記特定対象領域に表示される空間的に非線形な位相パターンが、位相の大きさの分布が不規則であるランダム分布を含む請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の補償光学システムの対応関係特定方法。
- 前記第2検出ステップにおいて前記特定対象領域に表示される空間的に非線形な位相パターンが、前記集光スポットを拡径するデフォーカス分布を含む請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の補償光学システムの対応関係特定方法。
- 前記空間光変調器の前記N個の領域のうち互いに隣接しない複数の領域を前記特定対象領域に設定する請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の補償光学システムの対応関係特定方法。
- 二次元状に配列されたN個(Nは自然数)の領域を含む変調面に入射した光像の位相を空間的に変調する空間光変調器と、
前記N個の領域に各々対応するN個のレンズが二次元状に配列されたレンズアレイ、並びに該レンズアレイによって形成されたM個(Mは自然数であり、M≦N)の集光スポットを含む光強度分布を検出する光検出素子を有し、前記空間光変調器から変調後の前記光像を受ける波面センサと、
前記空間光変調器に表示される位相パターンを、前記光強度分布から得られる前記光像の波面形状に基づいて制御することにより波面歪みを補償する制御部と、
を備え、
前記制御部が、前記波面歪みの補償を実行中に、前記空間光変調器の前記N個の領域のうちの特定対象領域に波面歪み補償用の位相パターンを表示させた状態で前記光検出素子より第1の前記光強度分布を取得し、空間的に非線形な位相パターンを前記特定対象領域に表示させた状態で前記光検出素子より第2の前記光強度分布を取得し、前記第1の光強度分布と前記第2の光強度分布との間の変化に基づいて、前記M個の集光スポットのうち前記特定対象領域に対応する集光スポットを特定する補償光学システム。 - 二次元状に配列されたN個(Nは自然数)の領域を含む変調面に入射した光像の位相を空間的に変調する空間光変調器と、前記N個の領域に各々対応するN個のレンズが二次元状に配列されたレンズアレイ、並びに該レンズアレイによって形成されたM個(Mは自然数であり、M≦N)の集光スポットを含む光強度分布を検出する光検出素子を有し、前記空間光変調器から変調後の前記光像を受ける波面センサと、前記空間光変調器に表示される位相パターンを、前記光強度分布から得られる前記光像の波面形状に基づいて制御することにより波面歪みを補償する制御部とを備える補償光学システムにおいて、前記波面歪みの補償を実行中に、前記空間光変調器の前記領域と、前記波面センサに形成される前記集光スポットとの対応関係を前記制御部に特定させるための補償光学システム用プログラムを記憶する記録媒体であって、
前記補償光学システム用プログラムは、
前記空間光変調器の前記N個の領域のうちの特定対象領域に、波面歪み補償用の位相パターンを表示させた状態で、前記光検出素子により前記光強度分布を検出する第1検出ステップと、
前記第1検出ステップの前又は後に、空間的に非線形な位相パターンを前記特定対象領域に表示させた状態で、前記光検出素子により前記光強度分布を検出する第2検出ステップと、
前記第1検出ステップと前記第2検出ステップとの間の前記光強度分布の変化に基づいて、前記M個の集光スポットのうち前記特定対象領域に対応する集光スポットを特定する第1特定ステップと、
を前記制御部に実行させる、
補償光学システム用プログラムを記憶する記録媒体。
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