WO2014192046A1 - アブラヤシ副産物の処理方法及び可食物 - Google Patents
アブラヤシ副産物の処理方法及び可食物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014192046A1 WO2014192046A1 PCT/JP2013/003454 JP2013003454W WO2014192046A1 WO 2014192046 A1 WO2014192046 A1 WO 2014192046A1 JP 2013003454 W JP2013003454 W JP 2013003454W WO 2014192046 A1 WO2014192046 A1 WO 2014192046A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B13/00—Recovery of fats, fatty oils or fatty acids from waste materials
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L19/00—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L19/03—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof consisting of whole pieces or fragments without mashing the original pieces
- A23L19/07—Fruit waste products, e.g. from citrus peel or seeds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B1/00—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
- C11B1/10—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials by extracting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/74—Recovery of fats, fatty oils, fatty acids or other fatty substances, e.g. lanolin or waxes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for treating oil palm by-products that produce food using the pulp fiber residue and drainage separated when crude palm oil is extracted from oil palm and the edible material produced by the method.
- palm oil palm oil
- FFB harvested fruit bunch
- EFB empty fruit bunch
- A-1 The fruits are squeezed by a squeezer (A-1), separated into squeezed juice and squeezed residue, and crude palm oil is extracted from squeezed juice (A-2).
- sludge is removed from the squeezed oil, and an oil content is collected as crude palm oil by a centrifuge or the like, and the remaining is used as a drainage (POME).
- Crude palm oil is refined by a refiner to palm oil.
- the squeezing residue mainly comprises fruit fiber residue, and additionally contains peel residues such as fruit peels and seed peels, and after drying to a certain extent with a dryer, it is crushed with a grinder.
- a concentration technique of this type for example, a method of heating and evaporating by spraying (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 55-51476), a method of concentrating using a reverse osmosis membrane (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-269639), under reduced pressure There is a method of heating (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-84985) and the like.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and a method of treating an oil palm by-product which enables the concentrate to be taken out as a solid to facilitate handling and to be easily used as a food It aims at provision of the edible thing manufactured by the method.
- the method for treating oil palm by-products comprises: by-products including empty fruit bunches, flesh fiber residue and drainage which are by-produced in extracting crude palm oil from oil palm fruit bunches.
- by-products including empty fruit bunches, flesh fiber residue and drainage which are by-produced in extracting crude palm oil from oil palm fruit bunches.
- at least the above-mentioned drainage and pulp fiber residue are mixed and dried to produce an edible material.
- the squeezed residue of the fruit after squeezing the fruit with a squeezer and extracting crude palm oil mainly comprises the pulp fiber residue, and additionally contains the peel residue such as fruit peel and seed peel.
- the drainage is mainly from the juice of the fruit, but it may contain the waste liquid generated when removing the fruit from the fruit bunch, the waste liquid when processing the residue.
- the pulp fiber is fibrous and is highly absorbable, the drainage permeates and mixes in the pulp fiber.
- the waste liquid contains organic matter and is rich in nutrients such as starch and sugar components, and the edible material produced by drying this is rich in nutritive value and is excellent in digestibility because it is fibrous.
- the edible material produced by drying this is rich in nutritive value and is excellent in digestibility because it is fibrous.
- handling becomes easy. Therefore, for example, it can be used as feed, as it is, or mixed with other feeds.
- the present invention comprises a concentration step of concentrating the drainage, a mixing step of mixing the pulp fiber residue with the concentrate concentrated in the concentration step to form a mixture, and a mixture produced in the mixing step. It can also be a method comprising the steps of drying to produce an edible material. In this way, since the drainage is concentrated, the organic matter in the drainage is condensed, and the density of nutrients such as starch and sugar components is increased, so that the drainage can be mixed with the pulp fiber residue The nutritional value of can be further improved.
- the present invention can also be a method of concentrating so that the content of the organic matter in the concentrate becomes 10 to 30% by weight in the above-mentioned concentration step. In this way, the nutrients can be reliably condensed, and the nutritive value of the edible can be further improved.
- 3 to 10 parts by weight of the concentrate can be mixed with 1 part by weight of the pulp fiber residue in the mixing step.
- the nutrients of the drainage can be reliably fused in the pulp fiber.
- the concentration is performed before mixing, the amount of water is reduced accordingly, and the burden in the drying process can be reduced.
- the present invention comprises a residual oil extraction step of pressing the by-products mainly comprising the empty fruit bunches to extract residual oil of crude palm oil, and in the mixing step, the residual oil extracted in the residual oil extraction step is It can also be a method of adding to the above-mentioned concentrate and pulp fiber residue.
- the empty fruit bunch that is separated and by-produced when extracting crude palm oil remains undivided and attached fruit, so that the by-product mainly composed of empty fruit bunch is squeezed
- crude palm oil residue is extracted. Since the crude palm oil residual oil is mixed, the nutritional components of this residual oil can be reflected in the edible matter, and the nutritional value of the edible matter can be further improved.
- the residual oil since the residual oil is used, it is possible to save energy without any waste.
- this invention can also be set as the method of producing an edible thing by drying until a water content becomes 15 weight% or less, desirably 13 weight% or less at the said drying process. In this way, it becomes easy to handle and is mainly useful as feed.
- the edible material of the present invention is processed and produced by the method for treating oil palm by-products described above.
- the edible material of the present invention can be used as various edible materials, but particularly when used as feed, it can be used easily as it is or mixed with other feeds.
- the pulp fiber is fibrous
- the drainage is efficiently absorbed into the fruit fiber since it is highly absorbable. It can be mixed while being allowed to
- the waste liquid contains organic matter and is rich in nutrients such as starch and sugar components, and the edible material produced by drying this is rich in nutritive value and is excellent in digestibility because it is fibrous.
- handling becomes easy. Therefore, for example, it can be used as feed, as it is, or mixed with other feeds.
- FIG. 1 is an overall schematic view of a palm oil production system for processing oil palm by-products according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a system figure for enforcing the processing method of the oil palm by-product concerning the embodiment of the present invention. It is process drawing which shows the processing method of the oil palm by-product based on embodiment of this invention. It is a component table which shows the component of the drainage used in the Example of this invention. It is a component table which shows the component of the food which concerns on the Example of this invention. It is a general flow chart for extracting crude palm oil from oil palm fruit bunches.
- empty fruit bunch residues mainly comprising empty fruit bunch are by-produced, and low concentration drainage is by-produced.
- the empty fruit bunch residue is used as a fuel for the boiler device 3.
- high temperature gas and steam are generated, and these are used as a heat source in a processing method S of oil palm by-products described later.
- the electric power generation by the generator 4 using steam can be performed.
- the incineration ash is by-produced by combustion of the empty fruit bunch residue.
- Incineration ash includes dust ashes collected from the exhaust of combustion.
- the method S for treating oil palm by-products includes, among by-products including empty fruit bunches, fruit residue and drainage separated when crude palm oil is extracted from fruit bunches of oil palm, At least the waste fluid and the pulp fiber residue are mixed and dried to produce an edible material.
- the fruit bunches are first steamed and separated into fruits and empty fruit bunches (EFB) by a stripper.
- the fruit is pressed by a press (not shown) to extract crude palm oil from the squeezed juice.
- the squeezed juice is removed sludge, the oil is collected as crude palm oil by a centrifuge or the like, and the remainder is co-produced as drainage (POME).
- Crude palm oil is refined by a refiner to palm oil.
- the fruit residue obtained by the press is mainly composed of pulp fiber residue and additionally contains peel residue such as fruit peel and seed peel, and after being dried to some extent by a dryer, it is crushed by a grinder.
- the pulp fiber residue used in the embodiment is different in size and specific gravity from peel residues such as fruit peels and seed peels, so as shown in FIG. As much as possible.
- the drainage is mainly from the juice of the fruit, but contains the waste liquid generated when removing the fruit from the fruit bunch, the waste liquid when processing the residue.
- the oil palm by-product treatment method S is, as shown in FIG. 3, a residual oil extraction step (1) of squeezing the by-products mainly composed of empty fruit bunches to extract residual oil of crude palm oil
- these steps will be described.
- a crushing and oil-separating apparatus 6 is used to crush the by-products mainly composed of empty fruit bunches and squeeze the crushed material. As described above, the steam generated by the boiler device 3 is supplied to the crushing / squeezing device 6, and the broken matter is heated by the steam to facilitate oil extraction. As a result, residual oil of crude palm oil is extracted and stored in the tank 6a.
- Concentration step Concentrate the drainage.
- the drainage is stored in a tank 7 and contains oil, starch, fructose, plant fiber and water. It is desirable to separate sludge and sludge by filtration or the like before concentration.
- concentration for example, there is a method of spraying waste water and applying hot air to heat evaporation, a method of concentrating using a reverse osmosis membrane, a method of heating under reduced pressure, etc. , A filtration type concentrator 8 is used.
- a stainless steel 500 to 1,500 mesh net mesh is housed in a triplex structure in a container, drained into this container, and the net is stirred with a stirring blade.
- the drainage is concentrated by filtration through a filter.
- the concentrate is stored in a concentration tank 9.
- the low concentration waste liquid which is not concentrated is partly used for producing the above-mentioned fertilizer, and others are stored in a pond or the like and discarded.
- concentration is performed so that the content of the organic matter in the concentrate becomes 10 to 30% by weight.
- the pulp fiber residue is mixed with the concentrate concentrated in the concentration process using the mixing apparatus 10 to produce a mixture.
- the residual oil extracted in the residual oil extraction step is added to the concentrate and the pulp fiber residue.
- the flesh fiber residue is quantified by a metering machine 11 and supplied to the mixing device 10. In this case, 3 to 10 parts by weight of the concentrate and 0.1 to 1 part by weight of the residual oil are mixed with 1 part by weight of the pulp fiber residue. Since the drainage is concentrated and then mixed with the pulp fiber residue, the fusion with the pulp fiber is facilitated.
- the mixture produced in the mixing step is dried by the drying device 12.
- the drying device 12 used for drying is of a rotary kiln type having a drum, and the high temperature gas discharged from the boiler device 3 is passed through the drum, and the steam is passed through the outside of the drum.
- external heating warm water is also supplied to the outside of the drum and subjected to heating, whereby the mixture is dried.
- the mixture is dried to a moisture content of 15% by weight or less to produce an edible material.
- the water content of the mixture is desirably 13% by weight or less.
- the steam supplied to the drying device 12 is liquefied, which is recovered by the water supply tank 13 on the boiler device 3 side, heated again by the boiler device 3 and circulated.
- the edible material processed and produced in this manner is dried to become fibrous powdery particles, which makes it easy to handle, for example, when used as feed, for example, as it is or for other feeds. It can be mixed and used.
- the drainage is also rich in starch and fructose components, so that the edible food using it is nutritious.
- the configurations of the boiler device 3, the crushing / squeezing device 6, the concentration device 8, the mixing device 10, and the drying device 12 may be any configuration as long as the purpose is achieved.
- the drying device an oil temperature reduced pressure drying device may be appropriately used.
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Abstract
Description
粗パーム油は、精製機によって精製されてパーム油となる。一方、圧搾残渣は、果実繊維残渣を主とし、その他に果実皮や種子皮等の皮残渣を含み、乾燥器で、ある程度乾燥した後、粉砕機で粉砕する。
ところで、このパーム油の生産国において、副産物としての排液は、主に廃棄されているが、環境汚染を防止し、また、有効利用の観点から、従来においては、この排液を濃縮して飼料等の可食物にし、あるいは、肥料等にする技術が提案されている。
この種の濃縮技術としては、例えば、噴霧して加熱蒸発させる方法(特開昭55-51476号公報)、逆浸透膜を用いて濃縮する方法(特開平6-269639号公報)、減圧下で加熱する方法(特開平8-84985公報)等がある。
本発明は上記の問題点に鑑みてなされたもので、濃縮液を固形物として取り出し可能にして、取り扱いを容易にし、可食物として容易に用いることができるようにしたアブラヤシ副産物の処理方法及びその方法で製造した可食物の提供を目的とする。
果実を圧搾機で圧搾して粗パーム油を抽出した後の果実の圧搾残渣は、果肉繊維残渣を主とし、その他に果実皮や種子皮等の皮残渣を含む。本発明者は、この果肉繊維残渣に着目し、発明を完成させた。すなわち、果肉繊維は排液を容易に吸収し、消化もよいが、果皮繊維は排液を吸収しないし、消化が難しいので分離する必要がある。果肉繊維残渣は、果実皮や種子皮等の皮残渣とは大きさや比重が異なるので、圧搾残渣からこれらの皮残渣を分離機でできるだけ取り除き、果肉繊維残渣を有効利用しようとするものである。
なお、排液は、果実の搾汁からのものが主であるが、果房から果実を取出す際に生じる廃液、残渣を処理する際の廃液を含んでいてもよい。
このようにすると、排液を濃縮するので、排液中の有機物が凝縮することから、デンプンや糖成分等の養分の密度が高くなり、そのため、この排液を果肉繊維残渣と混合した可食物の栄養価をより一層向上させることができる。
このようにすると、確実に養分を凝縮することができ、可食物の栄養価をより一層向上させることができる。
このようにすると、排液の養分を果肉繊維内に確実に融合させることができる。また、混合前に濃縮するので、それだけ、水分量が少なくなっており、乾燥工程での負担を低減することができる。
このようにすると、粗パーム油を抽出する際に分離されて副産される空果房には、分離されずに付着した果実が残っており、そのため、空果房を主とする副産物を圧搾処理すると、粗パーム油の残油が抽出される。この粗パーム油の残油を混合するので、この残油の栄養成分を可食物に反映させることができ、可食物の栄養価をより一層向上させることができる。また、残油を利用するので、無駄がなく、省力化を図ることができる。
図1に示すパーム油生産システムにおいては、アブラヤシ農場1で栽培したアブラヤシの果房を収穫し、この果房からパーム油工場2で粗パーム油を抽出する。この粗パーム油を抽出する際には、空果房,果実残渣及び排液を含む副産物が副産され、これらは後述の本発明の実施の形態に係るアブラヤシ副産物の処理方法Sにより処理を行う。この実施の形態に係るアブラヤシ副産物の処理方法Sにおいては、この副産物を用いた可食物が製造される。
このアブラヤシ副産物の処理方法Sは、図1及び図2に示すように、アブラヤシの果房から粗パーム油を抽出する際に分離される空果房,果実残渣及び排液を含む副産物のうち、少なくとも排液と果肉繊維残渣とを混合し、乾燥させて可食物を生成するものである。
上述したように、収穫した果房(FFB)からパーム油(palm oil)を製造する際は、先ず果房が蒸煮処理され、ストリッパーによって果実と空果房(EFB)とに分離される。果実は、圧搾機(図示せず)によって圧搾され、搾汁から粗パーム油が抽出される。この場合、搾汁は、スラッジが取り除かれ、遠心分離機等で油分が粗パーム油として採取され、残りは排液(POME)として副産される。粗パーム油は、精製機によって精製されてパーム油となる。
実施の形態において用いられる果肉繊維残渣は、果実皮や種子皮等の皮残渣とは大きさや比重が異なるので、図2に示すように、果実残渣からこれらの皮残渣を分離機5(ファイバー振り分け機)でできるだけ取り除くことが好ましい。排液は、果実の搾汁からのものが主であるが、果房から果実を取出す際に生じる廃液、残渣を処理する際の廃液を含んでいる。
以下、これらの工程について説明する。
空果房を主とする副産物を破砕するとともに、この破砕物を圧搾処理する破砕・搾油装置6を用いる。上述したように、この破砕・搾油装置6には、ボイラ装置3で生成された蒸気が供給されており、この蒸気により破砕物が加熱されて、搾油し易くさせられる。これにより、粗パーム油の残油が抽出され、タンク6aに貯留される。
排液を濃縮する。排液は、タンク7に貯留されており、油分,デンプン,果糖,植物繊維,水分を含む。濃縮前に、スラッジや汚泥を濾過等で分離しておくことが望ましい。濃縮の方法としては、例えば、排液を噴霧して、これに熱風をあて加熱蒸発させる方法、逆浸透膜を用いて濃縮する方法、減圧下で加熱する方法等があるが、実施の形態では、濾過型の濃縮装置8を用いている。
この濃縮装置8においては、容器の中にステンレス製の500~1,500メッシュの網籠が3重構造で収納されており、この容器内に排液を入れて、撹拌ブレードで撹拌しながら網籠で濾過することにより、排液の濃縮化をおこなう。濃縮液は濃縮タンク9に貯留される。
濃縮されない低濃度廃液は、一部が上記の肥料製造用として用いられ、他は池等に貯留されて廃棄される。この濃縮工程では、濃縮液の有機物の含有量が10~30重量%になるように濃縮する。
混合装置10を用いて、濃縮工程で濃縮された濃縮液に果肉繊維残渣を混合して、混合物を生成する。この混合工程においては、残油抽出工程で抽出した残油を濃縮液及び果肉繊維残渣に添加する。果肉繊維残渣は、定量機11で定量されて混合装置10に供給される。この場合、果肉繊維残渣1重量部に対して、濃縮液を3~10重量部、残油を0.1~1重量部混合する。排液を濃縮してから果肉繊維残渣と混合しているので、果肉繊維との融合が容易になる。
乾燥装置12により、混合工程で生成された混合物を乾燥する。乾燥に用いる乾燥装置12は、ドラムを有したロータリーキルン型のものであり、ドラム内には、ボイラ装置3から排出される高温ガスが通されるとともに、ドラムの外側には蒸気が通される。また、ドラムの外側には、外部加熱用温水も供給されて加温に供され、これにより、混合物は乾燥させられる。
この乾燥工程では、混合物を水分量が15重量%以下になるまで乾燥して可食物を生成する。混合物の水分量は、望ましくは、13重量%以下である。乾燥装置12に供給された蒸気は、液化するが、これはボイラ装置3側の給水タンク13に回収されて再度ボイラ装置3で加熱され、循環する。
実施例においては、排液として、図4に示す成分のものを用いた。
この排液を、濃縮装置8に供給し(360Kg/h,有機物濃度80,000PPM)、濃縮液を得た(有機物濃度160,000PPM)。そして、混合装置10に、果肉繊維残渣(25Kg/h)と、パーム油(5Kg/h)と、濃縮液(120Kg/h)とを供給して混合し、混合物を得た(150Kg/h)。
その後、この混合物を乾燥装置12に供給し、乾燥を行って、可食物を得た(水分量13重量%,40Kg/h)。このようにして得られた実施例に係る可食物の成分(乾燥重量)を図5に示す。
この結果から、可食物は、脂質,糖質,繊維,タンパク質も豊富であり、栄養価に富むことが分かる。
Claims (8)
- アブラヤシの果房から粗パーム油を抽出する際に副産される空果房,果肉「果実」繊維残渣及び排液を含む副産物のうち、少なくとも上記排液と果肉繊維残渣とを混合し、乾燥させて可食物を生成することを特徴とするアブラヤシ副産物の処理方法。
- 上記排液を濃縮する濃縮工程と、
該濃縮工程で濃縮された濃縮液に上記果肉繊維残渣を混合して混合物を生成するする混合工程と、
該混合工程で生成された混合物を乾燥して可食物を生成する乾燥工程とを備えたことを特徴とする請求項1記載のアブラヤシ副産物の処理方法。 - 上記濃縮工程で、濃縮液の有機物の含有量が10~30重量%になるように濃縮することを特徴とする請求項2記載のアブラヤシ副産物の処理方法。
- 上記混合工程で、上記果肉繊維残渣1重量部に対して、上記濃縮液を3~10重量部混合することを特徴とする請求項3記載のアブラヤシ副産物の処理方法。
- 上記空果房を主とする副産物を圧搾処理して粗パーム油の残油を抽出する残油抽出工程を備え、上記混合工程において、上記残油抽出工程で抽出した残油を上記濃縮液及び果肉繊維残渣に添加することを特徴とする請求項2~4のいずれかに記載のアブラヤシ副産物の処理方法。
- 上記混合工程で、上記果肉繊維残渣1重量部に対して、上記濃縮液を3~10重量部、上記残油を0.1~1重量部混合することを特徴とする請求項5記載のアブラヤシ副産物の処理方法。
- 上記乾燥工程で、混合物を水分量が15重量%以下になるまで乾燥して可食物を生成することを特徴とする請求項2~6のいずれかに記載のアブラヤシ副産物の処理方法。
- 上記請求項1~7のいずれかのアブラヤシ副産物の処理方法によって処理されて製造されたことを特徴とする可食物。
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JPH09168367A (ja) * | 1995-12-20 | 1997-06-30 | Japan Atom Energy Res Inst | オイルパームのセルロース繊維質廃棄物から飼料を製造する方法 |
WO2004039751A1 (en) * | 2002-10-30 | 2004-05-13 | Soil Sub Technologies Pty Ltd | Process for the treatment of palm waste |
JP2006124515A (ja) * | 2004-10-29 | 2006-05-18 | Tokyo Electric Power Co Inc:The | バイオマス燃料 |
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JPH06269639A (ja) * | 1993-03-17 | 1994-09-27 | Yokohama Rubber Co Ltd:The | パーム油漿液の濃縮液およびその製造方法 |
JPH09168367A (ja) * | 1995-12-20 | 1997-06-30 | Japan Atom Energy Res Inst | オイルパームのセルロース繊維質廃棄物から飼料を製造する方法 |
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