WO2014187196A1 - 一种含沼渣的奶牛饲料添加剂 - Google Patents

一种含沼渣的奶牛饲料添加剂 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014187196A1
WO2014187196A1 PCT/CN2014/074586 CN2014074586W WO2014187196A1 WO 2014187196 A1 WO2014187196 A1 WO 2014187196A1 CN 2014074586 W CN2014074586 W CN 2014074586W WO 2014187196 A1 WO2014187196 A1 WO 2014187196A1
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parts
biogas residue
residue
feed additive
units
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PCT/CN2014/074586
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English (en)
French (fr)
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虞方伯
单胜道
骆林平
叶正钱
管莉菠
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浙江农林大学
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Priority to NZ702461A priority Critical patent/NZ702461A/en
Priority to US14/401,516 priority patent/US20160286835A1/en
Priority to KR1020147022983A priority patent/KR101532922B1/ko
Publication of WO2014187196A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014187196A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A23K10/38—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material from distillers' or brewers' waste
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of feed, and particularly relates to a dairy cow feed additive containing biogas residue.
  • Biogas residue is a product of anaerobic fermentation of organic waste. It is a valuable resource. It is rich in soluble inorganic salt nutrients and various biochemical products (such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, boron, copper, Trace elements such as manganese, calcium and zinc, as well as a variety of amino acids, are easily absorbed by organisms and crops. In addition, its protein content is 23.5% -35.8%, and vitamin B12 is 17.6. Mg/kg (dry weight), which can be used as feed after treatment, with considerable nutritional and economic value.
  • biogas residue The nutrients contained in the biogas residue are not only essential nutrients for crop growth, but also the main nutrients in livestock and poultry and aquaculture feed. Therefore, the resource utilization of biogas residue is valuable. Making full use of biogas residue can not only alleviate resource crisis and turn waste into treasure to a certain extent, but also bring considerable economic and social benefits under the premise of reducing environmental pollution load.
  • some large-scale wineries and alcohol factories such as Mianzhu in Sichuan and Linyi in Shandong
  • biogas anaerobic fermentation technology to build a large-scale biogas project using distiller's grains as raw materials.
  • the production of biogas residue is very impressive.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a dairy cow feed additive containing a biogas residue with reasonable formula, sufficient raw material source, nutrient-rich raw material components and improved utilization rate of resources.
  • a dairy cow feed additive containing biogas residue is prepared by mixing the following components by weight: 20-50 parts of biogas residue, 15-28 parts of astragalus residue, 10-12 parts of apple residue, and purple basil 3 6 parts, 4-8 parts of Eucommia leaves, 3-8 parts of Purslane, 0-1 parts of maca powder, the biogas residue is the product obtained by anaerobic fermentation of distiller's grains using cassava or sweet potato as fermentation raw materials. After mechanical extrusion, the water is removed to dryness, and then pulverized by a pulverizer.
  • the biogas residue and the astragalus medicinal slag are respectively discarded materials in the production of biogas and traditional Chinese medicine, and the source is wide, the price is low, the production cost is low, and the product is suitable for large-scale production.
  • the raw materials of various feed additives are in line with the national feed industry standards.
  • Apple pomace is the residue of fresh apples after crushing and pressing. It consists mainly of peel, core and residual pulp. It contains rich nutrients such as soluble sugar, vitamins, minerals and cellulose. It is a good feed resource.
  • the apple slag is added to the biogas residue-containing dairy cow feed additive of the invention, which not only recycles the resources, improves the utilization rate of the waste apple slag, but also makes the formula of the invention nutritious and more scientific.
  • biogas residue is free of parasites and harmful substances.
  • As a feed additive its safety is reliable.
  • Astragalus membranaceus still contains a certain amount of astragaloside, as well as saponins, flavonoids, polysaccharides, amino acids and trace elements. It is combined with biogas residue, apple pomace, and other components to complement each other in nutrient composition. The role of regulation, but also provides a new way to solve the problem of reuse of three slag.
  • Perilla leaves are rich in nutrients and contain protein, fat, soluble sugar, dietary fiber, carotene, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin C, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, iron, manganese and selenium.
  • the leaves contain volatile oil containing perillaldehyde, perillyl alcohol, menthone, menthol, eugenol and leuco- ketene, which have specific aroma and antiseptic effect. It has been found that all parts of perilla have a good anti-cancer effect, especially in the leaves.
  • oleanolic acid is a strong natural anticancer agent, which has the function of preventing tumors, and has the functions of anti-inflammatory, sedative, cardiotonic, diuretic, enhancing immunity, lowering blood fat and resisting the growth of cancer cells.
  • Eucommia ulmoides contains Eucommia ulmoides, which has a wide range of antibacterial effects.
  • Portulaca contains protein, fat, multivitamins, minerals and other nutrients, not only edible, but also medicinal value.
  • Portulaca oleracea contains vitamin A-like substances that maintain the physiological functions of epithelial tissues including skin, mucous membranes and cornea. As a wild vegetable, purslane has a wide range of sources, is easy to obtain, and has a strong antibacterial effect. It also has good control effects on enteritis and coccidia.
  • Maca powder is a dry powder of plant Maca.
  • the chemical composition of macagan root protein content of more than 10%, 59% of carbohydrates; 8.5% of fiber, rich in zinc, calcium, iron, titanium, strontium , potassium, sodium, copper, manganese, magnesium, strontium, phosphorus, iodine and other minerals, and contains vitamin C, B1, B2, B6, A, E, B12, B5, fat content is not high but most of them are unsaturated fatty acids
  • the content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid is more than 53%, and the natural active ingredients include alkaloids, glucosinolates and their decomposition products such as benzyl isothiocyanate, decyl alcohol and polyphenols.
  • Maca has a variety of biologically active substances that can be used as a physical strength enhancer.
  • the addition of the astragalus medicinal residue and the perilla can effectively improve the immunity of the cow body, thereby avoiding the waste of the dregs and reducing the use of the medicament in the cow breeding.
  • this feed additive has a broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory effect, enhances the immunity of dairy cows, and reduces the infection and occurrence of various diseases.
  • Appropriate amount of maca powder stimulates the cow to increase milk production and maintain a good mental state.
  • the effective substances of each component are accumulated in the cow tissue, and the milk yield is also improved.
  • the components are mixed by suitable ratios, which have the functions of nourishing blood, passing through the vitality, passing through the milk, improving the immunity of the body, and promoting the appetite of the cows and enhancing the body due to the inclusion of various nutrients and biological activities. Digestion, absorption and metabolism, thus improving the lactation efficiency of dairy cows, and having a longer aftereffect on the regulation of dairy cows.
  • the biogas residue-containing cow feed additive is prepared by mixing the following components by weight: 48 parts of biogas residue, 25 parts of astragalus residue, 10 parts of apple pomace, 6 parts of perilla, eucommia leaves 8 servings, 6 portions of purslane, 0.5 parts of maca powder.
  • the biogas residue-containing cow feed additive is prepared by mixing the following components by weight: 37 parts of biogas residue, 28 parts of astragalus residue, 12 parts of apple pomace, 4 parts of perilla, eucommia leaves 6 servings, 8 portions of purslane, 1 part of maca powder.
  • the invention relates to a method for preparing a biogas-containing dairy cow feed additive, comprising the steps of: a, the perilla, eucommia leaves and purslane are pulverized according to a mixing ratio, and the particle size is controlled at 10 Below mm, dry or dry to a moisture content of less than 12%; b, mix the mixture obtained in step a with biogas residue, astragalus residue, apple pomace, dry, then add maca powder and mix well to obtain the product .
  • the biogas residue-containing dairy cow feed additive of the present invention can be used as a feed additive mixed with the cow's basic diet to feed the cows.
  • the mixing ratio of the biogas residue-containing dairy cow feed additive of the present invention is generally 20%-60% of the basal diet, and the most suitable mixing ratio is about 36%.
  • the beneficial effects of the invention are: By feeding the dairy cow's feed additive containing the biogas residue to the cow, the conventional feed can be saved, and the dosage and the feeding cost can be effectively reduced.
  • the biogas residue-containing dairy cow feed additive is scientifically compounded and nutrient-rich, which improves the immunity of the cow's body, reduces the occurrence of various diseases or infections during the feeding process, and reduces the use of drugs.
  • the effective substance of each raw material component is accumulated in the cow tissue, and the milk yield is also increased.
  • biogas residue used in the following examples is a product of anaerobic fermentation of distiller's grains after winemaking from a winery or an alcohol factory using cassava or sweet potato as a raw material, and is removed by mechanical extrusion to remove water, and the pH value of the biogas slurry is in the range of 6.0-7.5. Internal fluctuations.
  • Source of biogas residue large anaerobic fermentation equipment that uses distiller's grains as raw materials and normal gas production.
  • the pH value of biogas slurry is in the range of 6.0-7.5.
  • the fermented biogas residue discharged every day and discharged every day is mechanically squeezed out. Partial moisture, evenly spread to thickness 5-10 Cm, exposed to dryness, then pulverized with a pulverizer and set aside. After testing, the composition of the biogas residue is shown in Table 1.
  • Astragalus membranaceus and apple pomace are pre-pulverized and dried for use.
  • a dairy cattle feed additive containing biogas residue is prepared by mixing raw materials as described in Table 2.
  • Example 1 Example 2 Example 3
  • Example 4 Example 5 Biogas residue 48.0 37 20.8 50.0 48.0 Astragalus medicine residue 25.0 28.0 18.6 15.0 25.0 Apple pomace 10.0 12.0 10.0 11.0 10.0 Perilla 6.0 4.0 3.5 3.0 6.0 Eucommia leaves 8.0 6.0 4.0 5.0 8.0 Purslane 6.0 8.0 3.5 3.0 6.0 Maca powder 0.5 1.0 0.6 1.0 0
  • the perilla, Eucommia ulmoides leaves and purslane are mixed according to the ratio of Table 2 and then pulverized to control the particle size of 10 Below mm, dry or dry to a moisture content of less than 12%;
  • step b Mix the mixture obtained in step a with the biogas residue, the astragalus residue, and the apple pomace, dry, and then add the maca powder and mix well to obtain the product.
  • test group 1 fed the biogas residue-containing dairy cow feed additive prepared in Example 1 of the present invention and conventional dairy cow feed (component: corn 47.2%, bean cake 28.3%, bran 18.9%, calcium phosphate 3.3%, salt 2.3%) a mixture of cow's feed additive containing biogas residue, which accounts for about 36% of the total feed weight.
  • Experimental group 2 feeds the biogas residue-containing cow feed additive and conventional cow feed prepared in Example 5 of the present invention, and the control group is a conventional cow.
  • the test period is 60 days. During the test period, the milk production per day for each cow was accurately weighed and recorded every day, and the average value was taken once every 10 days. The data are shown in Table 3. On the 58th day of the test, the quality of milk in each cow of each group was measured. 30 ml of milk sample was used to determine the milk fat, milk protein, lactose and other components of the milk using a milk component analyzer. The test results are shown in Table 4.
  • Test group 1 Average milk production (kg/head ⁇ day) First 10 days 18.5 ⁇ 0.7 a 18.6 ⁇ 0.9 a 18.6 ⁇ 0.3 a Average milk production (kg/head ⁇ day) 10-20 days 19.2 ⁇ 0.2 b 19.8 ⁇ 0.1 a 19.7 ⁇ 0.2 b Average milk production (kg/head ⁇ day) 20-30 days 19.4 ⁇ 0.2 b 20.3 ⁇ 0.1 a 20.2 ⁇ 0.3 a Average milk production (kg/head ⁇ day) 30-40 days 19.6 ⁇ 0.7 b 21.9 ⁇ 0.3 a 21.6 ⁇ 0.2 a Average milk production (kg/head ⁇ day) 40-50 days 19.9 ⁇ 0.4 b 22.5 ⁇ 0.2 a 22.0 ⁇ 0.3 a Average milk production (kg/head ⁇ day) 50-60 days 19.3 ⁇ 0.6 c 23.2 ⁇ 0.3 a 22.2 ⁇ 0.1 b
  • Test group 1 Test group 2 Milk fat (%) 3.65 ⁇ 0.02 b 3.87 ⁇ 0.03 a 3.81 ⁇ 0.02 a Milk protein (%) 2.48 ⁇ 0.49 b 4.08 ⁇ 0.42 a 3.86 ⁇ 0.46 a lactose(%) 4.43 ⁇ 0.25 a 4.46 ⁇ 0.23 a 4.45 ⁇ 0.21 a Dry matter (%) 13.05 ⁇ 0.89 a 15.33 ⁇ 0.96 a 15.19 ⁇ 0.98 a Non-fat solids (%) 8.71 ⁇ 0.47 a 9.32 ⁇ 0.55 a 9.15 ⁇ 0.51 a Freezing point (°C) 0.54 ⁇ 0.03 a 0.54 ⁇ 0.02 a 0.54 ⁇ 0.02 a
  • the feed additive of the present invention has no adverse effect on the quality of cow's milk, and the milk fat and milk protein content of the test group is significantly higher than that of the control group.
  • the milk yield of the test group was significantly higher than that of the control group at the middle and the end of the test, while the effect of the test group 2 without the maca powder component was slightly inferior to that of the test group 1 at the end of the test, but still superior to the control group.
  • the present invention selects the addition amount of 0-1 parts of maca powder, and rationally mixes with other components, that is, the cost of the feed is reasonably controlled, and the milk yield of the cow is greatly increased, and the benefit is remarkable.
  • biogas-containing dairy cow feed additive of the present invention increases the conversion rate of the feed, and the milk fat and milk protein content of the dairy cow is improved relative to the conventional dairy cow feed.
  • cows of the two experimental groups had better physical health and higher activity, while the control group was relatively poor.
  • the biogas residue produced by anaerobic fermentation of distiller's grains is more easily absorbed and utilized by animals.
  • the waste biogas residue, apple pomace and astragalus residue are recycled, which improves the utilization rate of resources and is beneficial to environmental protection and ecology. cycle.
  • the components of the invention are mixed by a suitable ratio, and have the functions of nourishing blood, passing through the vitality, passing through the milk, improving the immunity of the body, and promoting the appetite of the cow by enhancing various nutrients and biological activities, thereby enhancing the appetite of the cow.
  • the body's digestion and absorption and metabolism, thus improving the lactation efficiency of dairy cows, has a longer aftereffect on the regulation of the cow's body.

Abstract

本发明属于饲料领域，特别涉及一种含沼渣的奶牛饲料添加剂，是由如下按重量份计的组分混合而成：沼渣20-50份，黄芪药渣15-28份，苹果渣10-12份，紫苏3-6份，杜仲叶4-8份，马齿笕3-8份，玛卡粉0-1份，所述的沼渣是以木薯或红薯为发酵原料的酒糟经厌氧发酵后所得产物，采用机械挤压除水后，曝晒至干燥，然后用粉碎机粉碎后使用。本发明经科学复配，营养丰富，提高了奶牛机体的免疫能力，在饲养过程中减少了各种疾病或感染的发生，减少药物的使用。各原料组分的有效物质在奶牛组织中得到积累，也使产奶量得到提高。

Description

一种含沼渣的奶牛饲料添加剂 技术领域
本发明属于饲料领域，特别涉及一种含沼渣的奶牛饲料添加剂。
背景技术
沼渣是有机废弃物厌氧发酵处理后的产物，是一种有价值的资源，它含有丰富的可溶性无机盐类营养物质和多种生化产物（如：氮、磷、钾、硼、铜、锰、钙、锌等微量元素，以及多种氨基酸），易被生物、作物所吸收。此外，其蛋白质含量为23.5%-35.8%，维生素B12为17.6 mg/kg（干重），经处理后可作为饲料，营养、经济价值可观。
沼渣中所含养分，既是农作物生长所必需的营养元素，也是畜禽、水产养殖饲料中的主要营养物质。因此，沼渣的资源化利用颇具价值。充分利用沼渣，不仅可在一定程度上缓解资源危机、变废为宝，还可在降低环境污染负荷的前提下，带来可观的经济效益和社会效益。近年来，一些大型酒厂、酒精厂（如四川绵竹和山东临沂等地的厂家）大力兴建厌氧发酵设施，积极运用沼气厌氧发酵技术，建设了一批以酒糟为原料的大型沼气工程，沼渣产量非常可观。然而，这些发酵产物并未得到合理、有效地利用，形成了资源的浪费。目前，整个饲料资源供求关系呈现精饲料缺、蛋白质饲料缺、绿色饲料缺、总量不足等特点，沼渣在饲料领域并未得到广泛应用，亟待开发和利用。
 技术问题
本发明的目的在于提供一种配方合理，原料来源充足，原料组分营养丰富，提高资源化利用率的含沼渣的奶牛饲料添加剂。
 技术解决方案
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：
一种含沼渣的奶牛饲料添加剂，是由如下按重量份计的组分混合而成：沼渣20-50份，黄芪药渣15-28份，苹果渣10-12份，紫苏3-6份，杜仲叶4-8份，马齿笕3-8份，玛卡粉0-1份，所述的沼渣是以木薯或红薯为发酵原料的酒糟经厌氧发酵后所得产物，采用机械挤压除水后，曝晒至干燥，然后用粉碎机粉碎后使用。
本发明中，所述的沼渣和黄芪药渣分别是沼气、中药生产中被废弃的物质，来源广，价格低廉，生产成本低，适合规模化生产。各种饲料添加剂的原料均符合国家饲料行业标准。苹果渣是新鲜苹果经破碎压榨提汁后的剩余物，主要由果皮、果核和残余果肉组成，含有可溶性糖、维生素、矿物质及纤维素等丰富的营养物质，是良好的饲料资源，在本发明的含沼渣的奶牛饲料添加剂中加入苹果渣，既起到了资源循环利用、提高废弃苹果渣利用率，又使本发明的配方营养丰富，配比更加科学。沼渣作为厌氧发酵产物，无寄生虫和有害物质，作为饲料添加剂，其安全性是可靠的。黄芪药渣中仍含有一定量的黄芪甲苷，以及皂苷类、黄酮、多糖、氨基酸和微量元素等，与沼渣、苹果渣，以及其它组分搭配起来组合，在营养成分方面起到互补、调节的作用，同时亦为解决三渣的再利用问题提供了新思路。
紫苏嫩叶营养丰富，含有蛋白质、脂肪、可溶性糖、膳食纤维、胡萝卜素、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素C、钾、钙、磷、铁、锰和硒等成分。此外，叶中含有挥发油，内含紫苏醛，紫苏醇、薄荷酮、薄荷醇、丁香油酚及白苏烯酮等，具有特异芳香，有防腐作用。经研究发现，紫苏各部位均匀具有很好的抗癌作用，尤以叶片中的作用更强。其中的齐墩果酸既是一种很强的天然抗癌剂，具有预防肿瘤的作用，又具有消炎、镇静、强心、利尿、增强免疫力、降血脂和抵制癌细胞生长的作用。
杜仲叶中含有杜仲绿原酸，具有较广泛的抗菌作用。
马齿苋含有蛋白质、脂肪、多种维生素、矿物质等营养成分，不但可以食用，还具有药用价值。马齿苋含有维生素A样物质，能维持上皮组织包括皮肤、粘膜、角膜等生理功能。马齿苋作为一种野菜，来源广泛，容易获得，并具有较强的抑菌作用，对肠炎、球虫等也具有良好的防治效果。
玛卡粉为植物Maca的干粉，玛卡干根中的化学组成成份：蛋白质含量在10%以上，59%的碳水化合物；8.5%的纤维，内含丰富的锌、钙、铁、钛、铷、钾、钠、铜、锰、镁、锶、磷、碘等矿物质，并含有维生素C、B1、B2、B6、A、E、B12、B5，脂肪含量不高但其中多为不饱和脂肪酸，亚油酸和亚麻酸的含量达53%以上，天然活性成份包括生物碱、芥子油苷及其分解产物异硫氰酸苄酯、甾醇、多酚类物质等。Maca具有多种生物学活性物质，可以作为体力增强剂使用。
本发明中，黄芪药渣和紫苏的加入，可以有效提高奶牛机体的免疫能力，既避免了药渣的浪费，又减少了奶牛饲养中药剂的使用。再加上杜仲叶和马齿笕适宜配比的复配，使得本饲料添加剂具有广谱抗炎效果，增强了奶牛的免疫能力，减少各种疾病的感染和发生。适量的玛卡粉刺激奶牛提高产乳量，并保持较好的精神状态。各组分的有效物质在奶牛组织中得到积累，产奶量也得到了提高。诸组分经适宜的配比混合，具有养血、通经活络、通乳下乳、提高机体免疫力的作用，由于含有多种营养物质和生物活性，促进了奶牛的食欲，增强了机体的消化吸收和代谢，因此提高了奶牛泌乳效能，对奶牛机体的调节具有较长的后效应。
作为优选，所述的含沼渣的奶牛饲料添加剂是由如下按重量份计的组分混合而成：沼渣48份，黄芪药渣25份，苹果渣10份，紫苏6份，杜仲叶8份，马齿笕6份，玛卡粉0.5份。
作为优选，所述的含沼渣的奶牛饲料添加剂是由如下按重量份计的组分混合而成：沼渣37份，黄芪药渣28份，苹果渣12份，紫苏4份，杜仲叶6份，马齿笕8份，玛卡粉1份。
一种所述的含沼渣的奶牛饲料添加剂的制备方法，包括如下步骤：a、所述紫苏、杜仲叶和马齿笕根据配比混合后粉碎，控制其粒度在10 mm以下，烘干或晾干至含水率低于12%；b、将a步得到的混合物料与沼渣、黄芪药渣、苹果渣一起混合，干燥，再加入玛卡粉拌匀后得到产品。
本发明的含沼渣的奶牛饲料添加剂可以作为饲料添加剂与奶牛的基础日粮混合后对奶牛进行饲喂。本发明的含沼渣的奶牛饲料添加剂的混合比例一般为基础日粮的20%-60%，最适宜的混合比例为36%左右。
 有益效果
本发明的有益效果是： 通过对奶牛饲喂本发明的含沼渣的奶牛饲料添加剂，既能节省常规饲料，又可以有效地减少投药量和降低饲养成本。该含沼渣的奶牛饲料添加剂经科学复配，营养丰富，提高了奶牛机体的免疫能力，在饲养过程中减少了各种疾病或感染的发生，减少药物的使用。各原料组分的有效物质在奶牛组织中得到积累，也使产奶量得到提高。
 附图说明
本发明的最佳实施方式
下面通过具体实施例，对本发明的技术方案作进一步的具体说明。应当理解，本发明的实施并不局限于下面的实施例，对本发明所做的任何形式上的变通和/或改变都将落入本发明保护范围。
在本发明中，若非特指，所有的份、百分比均为重量单位，所有的设备和原料等均可从市场购得或是本行业常用的。以下实施例中使用的沼渣是酒厂或酒精厂以木薯或红薯为原料造酒后的酒糟经厌氧发酵后的产物，采用机械挤压除水后备用，沼液pH值在6.0-7.5范围内波动。
实施例1-5：
沼渣的来源：以酒糟为原料运行、产气均正常的大型厌氧发酵设备，沼液pH值在6.0-7.5范围内，每天投料、每天排出的腐熟沼渣，用机械挤压方式出去大部分水分，均匀铺至厚度5-10 cm，曝晒至干燥，然后用粉碎机粉碎，备用。经检测，沼渣成分见表1。
黄芪药渣和苹果渣预先进行粉碎干燥处理，备用。
表1 沼渣成分表
样品 有机质（ % ） 全氮（ % ） 全磷（ % ） 全钾（ % ）
沼渣 36.2 － 49.9 0.78 － 1.61 0.39 － 0.71 0.61 － 1.29
一种含沼渣的奶牛饲料添加剂，是由如表2所述的原料混合制成。
表2 （单位：kg）
原料 实施例 1 实施例 2 实施例 3 实施例 4 实施例 5
沼渣 48.0 37 20.8 50.0 48.0
黄芪药渣 25.0 28.0 18.6 15.0 25.0
苹果渣 10.0 12.0 10.0 11.0 10.0
紫苏 6.0 4.0 3.5 3.0 6.0
杜仲叶 8.0 6.0 4.0 5.0 8.0
马齿笕 6.0 8.0 3.5 3.0 6.0
玛卡粉 0.5 1.0 0.6 1.0 0
其制备步骤如下：
a、将紫苏、杜仲叶和马齿笕根据表2的配比混合后粉碎，控制其粒度在10 mm以下，烘干或晾干至含水率低于12%；
b、将a步得到的混合物料与沼渣、黄芪药渣、苹果渣一起混合，干燥，再加入玛卡粉拌匀后得到产品。
动物试验——奶牛饲养试验
为了测试本发明含沼渣的奶牛饲料添加剂对奶牛产奶量的影响，采用如下试验方法进行测试。
本试验选取某奶牛场健康、个体均一，且产乳正常的奶牛，按照常规饲养方法饲喂，随机分成对照组、试验组1和试验组2，每组20头奶牛，再重复试验2次（共计180头）。试验组1饲喂本发明实施例1制得的含沼渣的奶牛饲料添加剂和常规奶牛饲料（组分为：玉米47.2%、豆饼28.3%、麸皮18.9%、磷酸钙3.3%、食盐2.3%）的混合物，其中含沼渣的奶牛饲料添加剂占总饲料重量的36%左右，实验组2喂本发明实施例5制得的含沼渣的奶牛饲料添加剂和常规奶牛饲料，对照组为常规奶牛饲料（与试验组的常规奶牛饲料组分相同）。试验期60天。试验期间，每天准确称量、记录每组每头牛1天的产乳量，十天合计一次取平均值，数据见表3；试验第58天，检测各组每头牛的牛乳品质，取30毫升乳样，用乳汁成分分析仪测定乳汁的乳脂、乳蛋白、乳糖等成分，试验结果见表4。
表3 本发明饲料添加剂对奶牛产奶量的影响
项目 时间 对照组 试验组 1 试验组 2
平均产奶量（ kg/ 头·日 ） 前 10 天 18.5±0.7 a 18.6±0.9 a 18.6±0.3 a
平均产奶量（ kg/ 头·日 ） 10-20 天 19.2±0.2 b 19.8±0.1 a 19.7±0.2 b
平均产奶量（ kg/ 头·日 ） 20-30 天 19.4±0.2 b 20.3±0.1 a 20.2±0.3 a
平均产奶量（ kg/ 头·日 ） 30-40 天 19.6±0.7 b 21.9±0.3 a 21.6±0.2 a
平均产奶量（ kg/ 头·日 ） 40-50 天 19.9±0.4 b 22.5±0.2 a 22.0±0.3 a
平均产奶量（ kg/ 头·日 ） 50-60 天 19.3±0.6 c 23.2±0.3 a 22.2±0.1 b
注：表中所列数值为平均值，同一行中不同字母表示经邓肯氏新复极差法分析，在p = 0.05水平上，呈显著差异（下同）。
表 4 本发明饲料添加剂对 奶牛 牛乳品质的影响
项目 对照组 试验组 1 试验组 2
乳脂肪(%) 3.65 ± 0.02 b 3.87 ± 0.03 a 3.81 ± 0.02 a
乳蛋白(%) 2.48 ± 0.49 b 4.08 ± 0.42 a 3.86 ± 0.46 a
乳糖(%) 4.43 ± 0.25 a 4.46 ± 0.23 a 4.45 ± 0.21 a
干物质(%) 13.05 ± 0.89 a 15.33 ± 0.96 a 15.19 ± 0.98 a
非脂固形物(%) 8.71 ± 0.47 a 9.32 ± 0.55 a 9.15 ± 0.51 a
冰点(℃) 0.54 ± 0.03 a 0.54 ± 0.02 a 0.54 ± 0.02 a
由表3和表4的数据可以看出，本发明饲料添加剂对奶牛牛乳品质无不良影响，试验组乳脂和乳蛋白含量显著高于对照组。试验组产奶量在试验中、后期显著高于对照组，而未添加玛卡粉组分的试验组2的效果在试验末期略逊于试验组1，但仍然优于对照组。
此外，本研究显示，玛卡粉可以使奶牛食欲增加，提高其机体的抗病能力，但是过多含量却会导致奶牛亢奋，产奶量降低。因此，本发明选择了玛卡粉0-1份的添加量，与其它组分合理复配，即合理的控制了饲料的成本，又使得奶牛的产奶量大大增加，效益显著。
使用本发明的含沼渣的奶牛饲料添加剂，提高了饲料的转化率，相对于常规奶牛饲料在奶牛的乳脂和乳蛋白含量方面有所提高。在饲喂过程中还发现，两个试验组奶牛身体健康度较好，活跃度高，而对照组相对较差。酒糟经厌氧发酵后产生的沼渣，由于更易被动物吸收、利用，同时，对废弃的沼渣、苹果渣和黄芪药渣进行回收利用，提高了资源化利用率，有利于环境保护和生态循环。
本发明诸组分经适宜的配比混合，具有养血、通经活络、通乳下乳、提高机体免疫力的作用，由于含有多种营养物质和生物活性，促进了奶牛的食欲，增强了机体的消化吸收和代谢，因此提高了奶牛泌乳效能，对奶牛机体的调节具有较长的后效应。
以上所述的实施例只是本发明的一种较佳的方案，并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制，在不超出权利要求所记载的技术方案的前提下还有其它的变体及改型。
 本发明的实施方式
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Claims (5)

  1. 一种含沼渣的奶牛饲料添加剂，其特征在于是由如下按重量份计的组分混合而成：
    沼渣20-50份，
    黄芪药渣15-28份，
    苹果渣10-12份，
    紫苏3-6份，
    杜仲叶4-8份，
    马齿苋3-8份，
    玛卡粉0-1份，
    所述的沼渣是以木薯或红薯为原料的酒糟经厌氧发酵后所得产物，采用机械挤压除水后，曝晒至干燥，然后用粉碎机粉碎后使用。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的含沼渣的奶牛饲料添加剂，其特征在于是由如下按重量份计的组分混合而成：沼渣48份，黄芪药渣25份，苹果渣10份，紫苏6份，杜仲叶8份，马齿苋6份，玛卡粉0.5份。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的含沼渣的奶牛饲料添加剂，其特征在于是由如下按重量份计的组分混合而成：沼渣37份，黄芪药渣28份，苹果渣12份，紫苏4份，杜仲叶6份，马齿苋8份，玛卡粉1份。
  4. 种权利要求1所述的含沼渣的奶牛饲料添加剂的制备方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：
    a、所述紫苏、杜仲叶和马齿苋根据配比混合后粉碎，控制其粒度在10 mm以下，烘干或晾干至含水率低于12%；
    b、将a步得到的混合物料与沼渣、黄芪药渣、苹果渣一起混合，干燥，再加入玛卡粉拌匀后得到产品。
  5. 一种权利要求1所述的含沼渣的奶牛饲料添加剂在制造增强家畜机体免疫力饲料方面的应用。
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CN107712418A (zh) * 2017-11-24 2018-02-23 天峨县平昌生态农业有限公司 一种家禽饲料的制备方法

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CN103315144B (zh) 2014-05-21
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