WO2014181583A1 - 海水淡水化装置及びその方法 - Google Patents
海水淡水化装置及びその方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014181583A1 WO2014181583A1 PCT/JP2014/057387 JP2014057387W WO2014181583A1 WO 2014181583 A1 WO2014181583 A1 WO 2014181583A1 JP 2014057387 W JP2014057387 W JP 2014057387W WO 2014181583 A1 WO2014181583 A1 WO 2014181583A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
- B01D61/04—Feed pretreatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
- B01D61/025—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/58—Multistep processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/14—Flotation machines
- B03D1/1412—Flotation machines with baffles, e.g. at the wall for redirecting settling solids
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/14—Flotation machines
- B03D1/1443—Feed or discharge mechanisms for flotation tanks
- B03D1/1462—Discharge mechanisms for the froth
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/14—Flotation machines
- B03D1/1443—Feed or discharge mechanisms for flotation tanks
- B03D1/1475—Flotation tanks having means for discharging the pulp, e.g. as a bleed stream
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/14—Flotation machines
- B03D1/1481—Flotation machines with a plurality of parallel plates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/14—Flotation machines
- B03D1/24—Pneumatic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/24—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flotation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/441—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by reverse osmosis
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
- B01D2311/04—Specific process operations in the feed stream; Feed pretreatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
- B01D2311/26—Further operations combined with membrane separation processes
- B01D2311/2661—Addition of gas
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2315/00—Details relating to the membrane module operation
- B01D2315/06—Submerged-type; Immersion type
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
- B01D61/145—Ultrafiltration
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
- B01D61/147—Microfiltration
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
- C02F1/004—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance using large scale industrial sized filters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/444—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by ultrafiltration or microfiltration
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/70—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by reduction
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/76—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with halogens or compounds of halogens
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
- C02F2101/34—Organic compounds containing oxygen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/18—Removal of treatment agents after treatment
- C02F2303/185—The treatment agent being halogen or a halogenated compound
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/20—Prevention of biofouling
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/131—Reverse-osmosis
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a seawater desalination apparatus and method, and in particular, includes a seawater desalination apparatus and a TEP component removal provided with a TEP component removal apparatus that removes TEP (Transparent Exopolymer Particles) components and precursors in brackish water and seawater.
- the present invention relates to a seawater desalination method.
- a membrane treatment method using a reverse osmosis (RO) membrane is used as an apparatus and method for desalinating seawater or brackish water to desalinate.
- Reverse osmosis (RO) membranes have a pore size of several nanometers and are therefore easily clogged (fouling).
- a pretreatment to remove turbidity contained in seawater or brackish water is necessary alone or in combination.
- a typical example of a conventional seawater desalination apparatus is shown in FIG.
- the seawater desalination apparatus shown in FIG. 15 draws seawater into a water intake pipe 101 for taking seawater, a bactericide adding means 102 for adding a bactericide such as sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) to the water intake pipe 101, and a water intake pipe 101.
- Intake pump 103, strainer 104 provided in front of intake pump 103 to prevent blockage of intake pump 103 to remove shellfish and large trash, raw water tank 105 for storing the intake seawater, raw water from the original water tank 105 Filtration raw water feed pipe 106 and filtration raw water pump 107 for feeding water to a filtration device 109 for processing (gravity type double-layer sand filtration device in FIG.
- Treated water feed pipe 1 for feeding the treated water filtered by the flocculant adding means 108 for adding the agent and the filtration device 109 to the reverse osmosis membrane device 115 0 and the supply pump 114 and safety filter 112 and the security filter pump 111 comprises a treated water supply tube 110 to sodium bisulfite (NaHSO 3) residual chlorine removal agent adding means 113 for adding the residual chlorine removal agent such as.
- NaHSO 3 sodium bisulfite
- TEP Transparent Exopolymer Particles
- Fibril fibrous substance
- Hydrogel hydrogel
- Patent Document 2 a method using coloring of acidic mucopolysaccharide using Alcian Blue is used (Patent Document 2).
- TEP means a transparent and highly sticky jelly-like substance that is mainly a polysaccharide
- TEP precursor means Fibril (fibrous substance) and Hydrogel (hydrodynamic). Gel) and the like are treated as meaning fine particles of 0.4 ⁇ m or less.
- TEP components including TEP and TEP precursors are particularly targeted for removal.
- Patent Document 1 As a method for removing TEP from seawater, a method is proposed in which magnetic particles are added to seawater, the magnetic particles are attached to TEP, and TEP attached to the magnetic particles by magnetic separation is removed from seawater (Patent Document 1). .
- Patent Document 2 a method of removing TEP by using a polytetrafluoroethylene membrane having a pore diameter of 1 ⁇ m or more as a pretreatment filtration device and allowing raw water to pass through at a predetermined flux.
- Non-foam separation in which microbubbles of 50 ⁇ m or less are adsorbed and overflowed from a bubble column (Patent Document 4).
- Conventional pretreatment techniques for desalination of seawater include a coagulating sand filtration method, a biofilm filtration method, a pressurized flotation method, a method using an MF membrane (microfiltration membrane), and a UF membrane (ultrafiltration membrane).
- a method using a protein skimmer as a seawater purification method for the purpose of breeding and aquaculture of marine organisms. The outline of these will be described below.
- Agglomerated sand filtration method is a filtration tower in which a flocculant such as iron chloride (FeCl 3 ) is added to seawater, suspended substances and some charged soluble substances are adsorbed on flocs, and sand or anthracite is packed. It is a method of removing by.
- a flocculant such as iron chloride (FeCl 3 )
- FeCl 3 iron chloride
- seawater is supplied to a filtration tower filled with sand or anthracite filter media with biofilm attached, and filtered by adsorption of organic matter by biofilm, decomposition of biodegradable organic matter, and trapping action by filter media. It is a method to do.
- the pressure levitation method is used to remove non-soluble suspended solids with relatively low specific gravity, such as algae and oil contained in seawater.
- the membrane filtration method using an MF membrane or a UF membrane is filtration with a fine pore size using a turbidity membrane having a very small pore size of several ⁇ m to 0.01 ⁇ m or less.
- a protein skimmer which is a kind of foam separation device, has been put into practical use for the purpose of water quality management in an aquarium.
- the protein skimmer is a method for separating and removing proteins such as mucus, feces, and uneaten food from fish as foams, and discharging them to the outside of the system, and is not applied as a pretreatment for seawater desalination.
- JP 2010- 58080 Japanese Patent No. 5019276 JP 2012-166118 A Japanese Patent No. 4379147
- Transparent exopolymer particles Potential agents for organic fouling and biofilm formation in desalination and water treatment plants, Edo Bar-Zeev et al., Desalination and Water Treatment 3 (2009) 136-142 A dye-binding assay for the spectrophotometric measurement oftransparent exopolymer particles (TEP), U. Passow, A. L. Alldredge, Limnol. Oceanogr., 40 (7), 1995, 1326-1335
- TEP precursors such as Fibril (hydrofibrous material) and Hydrogel (hydrogel) cannot be removed.
- TEP precursors such as Fibril and Hydrogel of less than 1 ⁇ m cannot be removed.
- Patent Document 3 has a problem that it is necessary to use a special flocculant and the generated sludge must be disposed of.
- Non-foam separation shown in Patent Document 4 described above removes a nonionic surfactant using microbubbles having a particle size of 50 ⁇ m or less.
- the rising speed of the bubbles is as low as 0.001 m / s or less, and the residence time of water in the apparatus requires 10 to 60 minutes. Therefore, in order to process a large amount of water, the apparatus becomes large, and providing an apparatus with a small installation area (footprint) has been a problem.
- Microbubbles do not have sufficient adsorption capacity for TEP having a particle size of 0.4 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m because the bubbles are too fine.
- TEP has been difficult to effectively remove TEP by the aggregate sand filtration method, the biofilm filtration method, the pressurized flotation method, and the membrane filtration method using an MF membrane or a UF membrane. That is, although the above-mentioned TEP is partially removed by the agglomerated sand filtration, since the TEP taken into the agglomerated flocs is small, the effective TEP removal cannot be achieved by the agglomerated sand filtration. TEP is a substance with low biodegradability, and effective TEP removal cannot be achieved by biofilm filtration.
- the pressure levitation method is originally intended to remove non-dissolved suspended solids, and the buoyancy of fine bubbles contained around or inside a substance that has become a flock-like solid by the action of a flocculant is obtained.
- the floss is floated on the water surface as a floss (floating material), and the floss laminated on the water surface is discharged out of the system.
- the rising speed of the fine bubbles is slow, a very large separation area is required, and downsizing of the apparatus has been a problem.
- the floating particles containing bubbles that have risen are collected by the skimmer and discharged, the floating objects are accumulated and stacked to some extent, so the time interval until the particles are scraped is long, and the particles are broken again due to bubble breakage.
- the membrane filtration method using an MF membrane or UF membrane is filtration using a turbidity membrane having a fine pore size, fouling occurs in the MF membrane or UF membrane due to TEP, and frequent chemical cleaning is required. As described above, it is difficult to remove TEP efficiently and stably even if any one of agglomerated sand filtration method, biofilm filtration method, pressurized flotation method, and MF membrane or UF membrane membrane filtration method is applied. there were.
- the object of the present invention is to remove TEP, polysaccharides, Fibril (fibrous substance), Hydrogel (hydrogel), TEP precursor, etc. by adsorbing them to the bubbles, thereby preventing clogging of the reverse osmosis membrane, It is an object of the present invention to provide a seawater desalination apparatus and method capable of stable operation efficiently over a long period of time.
- the present inventors separate polysaccharides, in particular TEP components containing soluble polysaccharides, by adsorbing them on the surface of bubbles, floating them on the surface of the water, condensing them into bubbles, or concentrating them into foams to separate them from moisture.
- TEP component can be easily removed, and have completed the present invention.
- the TEP component has a hydrophobic group as a molecular structure, and can be adsorbed on the bubble surface by directing the hydrophobic group toward the bubble surface.
- the TEP component adsorbed by the bubbles in the water floats on the surface of the water and separates the water to become foam and is removed.
- TEP component means TEP, a TEP precursor, and a polysaccharide.
- polysaccharides those having a size of 1 ⁇ m or less are referred to as “soluble polysaccharides”, and those having a size exceeding 1 ⁇ m are referred to as “insoluble polysaccharides”.
- soluble polysaccharides those having a size exceeding 1 ⁇ m are referred to as “insoluble polysaccharides”.
- a seawater desalination apparatus having the following configuration and a method thereof are provided.
- the seawater desalination apparatus generates bubbles in the taken seawater, adsorbs a TEP component to the bubbles, floats the TEP-containing bubbles on the water surface, removes water, and foams. And a reverse osmosis membrane treatment device that desalinates seawater from which the TEP component has been removed to desalinate it.
- bubbles are generated by generating bubbles in the drawn seawater, causing TEP-containing bubbles formed by attaching TEP components in the seawater to the bubbles, and then floating on the water surface.
- TEP-containing foam After removing the TEP-containing foam, removing the TEP component, removing the turbidity from the seawater after removing the TEP-containing air bubbles or the TEP-containing bubbles, and after removing the TEP component It includes a desalting treatment step of desalinating seawater.
- the seawater desalination apparatus and method of the present invention it is possible to remove fine TEP, precursors thereof, and soluble polysaccharides that could not be removed by conventional TEP removal methods, and the long-term reverse osmosis membrane. Since it can be used, the frequency of cleaning and maintenance is reduced, and stable and efficient operation is possible over a long period of time.
- the TEP component removal step further includes a concentration step for densifying and concentrating the TEP-containing foam and / or a concentration step for collecting the TEP-containing foam in a predetermined region on the water surface.
- concentration step and concentration step of the TEP-containing foam can be performed in the same step.
- the bubble diameter of the bubbles that adsorb the TEP component is desirably 50 ⁇ m to 2 mm.
- the microbubbles of 50 ⁇ m or less are too fine for the TEP component, and the adsorption ability is small, and the rising speed is slow. Absent.
- a coarse bubble exceeding 2 mm has a high ascent rate and a small bubble surface area. Therefore, it is not appropriate because it has a tendency to reduce the adsorption ability to the TEP component and easily break the bubble on the water surface.
- Bubbles can be generated in seawater. Also, by disposing a diffuser, aeration device, stirring aerator, and ejector at the bottom of the TEP component removal tank, bubbles are generated and TEP-containing bubbles in which the TEP component is adsorbed are collected in a predetermined region. You can also.
- the removal of the TEP-containing foam in the TEP component removal step is the separation and removal in the foam separation section that concentrates the foam component by raising the TEP-containing foam along the wall surface where the cross-sectional area is reduced upward and dropping (dehydrating) moisture. This is achieved by at least one of separation and removal of seawater and foam by a movable weir that can position the weir port below the water surface, scraping of the foam by a skimmer, and suction of the foam by a pump. After collecting and concentrating the TEP-containing bubbles in a predetermined region, the TEP-containing bubbles can be separated and removed more easily by removing the TEP-containing bubbles.
- FIG. 1 shows the flow of the seawater desalination apparatus and method of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of the seawater desalination apparatus of the present invention.
- the seawater desalination apparatus of the present invention includes a seawater intake facility 10 as a seawater intake portion for taking seawater, bubble generation for removing a TEP component from the taken seawater, and a foaming / foam removal facility 20 as a TEP-containing bubble removal portion, TEP Pre-treatment equipment 30 as a turbidity removing part for removing turbid components from seawater from which components have been removed (also referred to as “filtered raw water”) and seawater from which turbid components have been removed (also referred to as “RO raw water”)
- the RO equipment 40 is provided as a reverse osmosis membrane treatment unit that is desalinated.
- the foaming / foam removing equipment 20 is divided into a bubble generating unit that generates bubbles in the intake seawater and a TEP-containing bubble removing unit that removes TEP-containing bubbles including TEP components adsorbed or adhered to the bubbles. It may be divided into Further, the arrangement of the foaming / foam removing equipment 20 and the pretreatment equipment 30 may be reversed.
- the seawater intake section includes intake pipe 11 and intake pipe 11 that take in seawater or brackish water (hereinafter, for the sake of brevity, seawater and brackish water are collectively referred to as “seawater”).
- the bubble introduction and floating bubble removal unit 20 stores the taken seawater and removes the TEP component from the seawater, generates bubbles in the seawater in the TEP component removal tank 21, and generates bubbles in the TEP in the seawater. It includes bubble generating means 22 that floats on the water surface as TEP-containing bubbles formed by adhering components, and foam removing means 23 that removes the floated TEP-containing bubbles from the water surface. Further, the bubble density of the TEP-containing bubbles floating on the water surface is increased and concentrated, and the bubble directing means 25 for collecting the TEP-containing bubbles floating on the water surface in a predetermined region, and the bubbles floating on the water surface are in the subsequent turbidity part 30. It is preferable that at least 1 selected from the foam outflow prevention means 26 which prevents flowing into filtered raw water is included.
- the turbidity removal device 30 is used for pretreatment of raw water (filtered raw water) from which TEP and TEP precursor have been removed by the bubble generation and floating bubble removal unit 20, and for feeding the filtered raw water to the filtration device 31.
- the filter raw water feed pipe 32 and the filter raw water pump 33 include a flocculant addition means 34 for adding a flocculant such as iron chloride (FeCl 3 ) to the filter raw water feed pipe 32.
- a general pretreatment filtration device can be used without limitation, and the filtration device 31 is filled with a porous substance such as sand, anthracite, glass, garnet, activated carbon, fiber member, cartridge filter, and the like. It can be a device.
- turbidity removing device 30 membrane separation including an organic membrane such as a UF membrane or an MF membrane may be applied. In this case, the flocculant adding means 34 may not be provided. Moreover, as the turbidity removing device 30, not only filtration but also a pressure levitation method and a precipitation method well known to those skilled in the art can be applied.
- the reverse osmosis membrane treatment device 40 is a RO raw water feed pipe 42, a feed pump 43, and a safety filter that feed seawater (RO raw water) filtered by the turbidity removal device 30 to remove turbid components to the reverse osmosis membrane device 41. 44, a safety filter pump 45, and a residual chlorine remover adding means 46 for adding a residual chlorine remover such as sodium bisulfite (NaHSO 3 ) to the RO raw water feed pipe 42.
- a residual chlorine remover adding means 46 for adding a residual chlorine remover such as sodium bisulfite (NaHSO 3 ) to the RO raw water feed pipe 42.
- FIG. 3 shows a standing partition 26a standing from the bottom surface of the TEP component removal tank 21 to below the water surface level as a foam outflow prevention means for preventing the TEP-containing foam floating on the water surface from flowing into the turbidity removing part 30.
- This is an example in which a bubble introduction area 21a and a filtered raw water outflow area 21b are divided, and an aeration device 22a is arranged as a bubble generation means in the bubble introduction area 21a.
- the aeration device 22a is positioned at the bottom of the bubble introduction area 21a of the TEP component removal tank 21, generates bubbles in seawater, adsorbs the TEP components to the bubbles, floats and collects them as TEP-containing bubbles, and creates bubbles on the water surface. To do.
- a filtered raw water feed pipe 32 shown in FIG. 2 is connected to the lower part of the filtered raw water outflow area 21b divided by the standing partition 26a.
- FIG. 4 shows an example in which an ejector 22b is attached to the tip of the intake pipe 11 as a means for generating bubbles into the bubble introduction area 21a of the TEP component removal tank 21 and seawater is supplied to the TEP component removal tank 21 from above.
- the ejector 22b outside air is taken into the seawater flowing down on the principle of the Venturi tube, and raw water containing bubbles flows into the TEP component removal tank 21. Since the raw water falls into the TEP component removal tank 21 from above, the sea water in the TEP component removal tank 21 is affected by the impact of the bottom surface of the TEP component removal tank 21 and the water surface of the seawater stored in the TEP component removal tank 21. Furthermore, bubbles are generated. Moreover, the TEP component in seawater is adsorbed by the bubbles due to the turbulent flow generated by the impact, and the TEP-containing bubbles rise.
- FIG. 5 shows a bubble generating means for the bubble introduction area 21 a of the TEP component removal tank 21, in which an ejector 22 b is attached to the tip of the intake pipe 11, and seawater containing bubbles is introduced from below the side wall of the TEP component removal tank 21.
- an ejector 22 b is attached to the tip of the intake pipe 11, and seawater containing bubbles is introduced from below the side wall of the TEP component removal tank 21. This is an example.
- FIG. 6 shows an example in which a collision material 22c is positioned directly below the outlet of the intake pipe 11 and seawater is supplied to the TEP component removal tank 21 from above as a bubble generating means to the bubble introduction area 21a of the TEP component removal tank 21. It is. Seawater splashes by colliding with the collision material 22c and takes in bubbles.
- the impact material natural solids such as stones or artificial bio balls can be used.
- FIG. 7 shows an example in which a stirring aerator 22d is provided at the bottom of the TEP component removal tank 21 as means for generating bubbles into the bubble introduction area 21a of the TEP component removal tank 21.
- the agitating aerator 22d releases the outside air taken in by driving the motor into seawater.
- an inclined partition 25a is provided in the bubble introduction area 21a of the TEP component removal tank 21 as the bubble directing means 25 that collects the TEP-containing bubbles floating on the water surface in a predetermined area. It is an example.
- the inclined partition 25a is provided so as to be inclined so that the water cross-sectional area in the region defined by the seawater inflow side wall and the outflow side wall of the TEP component removal tank 21 is reduced upward.
- the bubbles introduced into the seawater by the aeration device 22a are directed to a predetermined region along the inclined surface of the inclined partition 25a when the TEP component is adsorbed and rises as a TEP-containing bubble.
- the TEP-containing bubbles are concentrated in a narrow area partitioned by the inclined partition 25a, the contact frequency with the TEP component is increased, and the bubble density of the TEP-containing bubbles is increased and concentrated.
- the inclined partition 25a only needs to be inclined to such an extent that the TEP-containing bubbles can be prevented from flowing out to the filtered raw water outflow region 21b.
- FIG. 9 shows a plurality of standing structures installed between opposing walls of the TEP component removal tank 1 as a foam concentration means for increasing and concentrating the density of the TEP-containing foam floating on the water surface in addition to the embodiment shown in FIG.
- a wall 24a is provided.
- the TEP-containing foam that floats and collects on the water surface is scooped up and concentrated along the wall surfaces of the plurality of standing walls 24a. Further, the TEP-containing foam can be easily removed by scraping off the TEP-containing foam attached to the wall surface of the standing wall 24a.
- each bubble generating means 22 and each TEP-containing foam removing means 23 can be arbitrarily combined.
- FIG. 10 shows an example in which a scraper 23a and a pipe skimmer 23b are provided as foam removing means for removing, from the water surface, TEP-containing bubbles formed by adsorbing a TEP component precursor to bubbles in addition to the embodiment shown in FIG. It is.
- the TEP-containing foam that has floated on the water surface is scraped to the periphery of the pipe skimmer 23b by the scraper 23 and discharged through the pipe skimmer 23b.
- FIG. 11 is an example in which a scum pump 23c is provided as a foam removing means for removing TEP-containing bubbles formed by adsorbing a TEP component precursor to bubbles from the water surface in addition to the embodiment shown in FIG.
- the scum pump 23c floats on the water surface by the float 23d, and sucks and discharges the TEP-containing foam that has floated on the water surface.
- FIG. 12 shows a movable weir that can position a weir port below the water surface as foam removing means for removing the TEP-containing bubbles formed by adsorbing the TEP component precursor to the air bubbles from the water surface.
- foam removing means for removing the TEP-containing bubbles formed by adsorbing the TEP component precursor to the air bubbles from the water surface.
- 23e is attached to one wall surface of the TEP component removal tank 21.
- each bubble generating means 22 and each foam removing means 23 can be arbitrarily combined.
- FIG. 13 shows an example in which the bubble generation and foam removal unit 20 and the turbidity removal unit 30 are incorporated into a TEP component removal tank 21 and integrated.
- the bubble generation and foam removing unit 20 is provided in the upper part of the raw water tank 21, and the turbidity removing part 30 is provided in the lower part of the TEP component removing tank 21.
- An aeration device 22a is provided at the bottom of the bubble generation and foam removal unit 20, the bubbles introduced into the seawater are raised, and the TEP-containing bubbles float on the water surface and are collected and removed as bubbles.
- the turbidity removal part 30 provided in the lower part of the TEP component removal tank 21 includes a filtration device 31 filled with a filter medium. The seawater from which the TEP component has been removed flows from the bottom of the bubble introduction and foam removal unit 20 into the filtration device 31 of the turbidity removal unit 30 and descends while being filtered in contact with the filter medium.
- FIG. 16 is a schematic view showing another embodiment of the seawater desalination apparatus of the present invention.
- symbol is attached
- the bubble generation and foam removal unit 20 is combined with the foam separation unit 200 and the overflow water level control unit (telescope valve) 210.
- FIG. 17 shows an example of the details of the bubble generation and foam removal unit 20.
- the bubble generation and foam removal unit 20 includes a seawater supply unit 201 that supplies seawater from the top of the TEP component removal tank, an air diffuser 202 that generates bubbles at the bottom of the TEP component removal tank, and an air diffuser 202.
- a rectifying plate 203 that controls the rising direction of the generated bubbles, a foam separation unit 204 that concentrates the separated bubbles without breaking them and separates them from seawater, and a water level that allows the seawater separated by the foam separation unit 204 to overflow.
- a telescope valve 210 for controlling.
- As the air diffuser 202 a membrane air diffuser, a ceramic air diffuser or an ejector having a hole diameter for ejecting bubbles of about 1 mm or less is suitable.
- the foam separation unit 204 includes a bottom surface 204a parallel to the water surface and a plurality of reverse funnel-shaped rising portions 204b that form an opening 204c obliquely rising from the bottom surface 204a.
- the TEP-containing foam that collects the TEP component-containing bubbles that have floated by the current plate 203 is brought into contact with the bottom surface 204a of the foam separating section 204 and concentrated, and moves toward the rising section 204b along the wall surface of the rising section 204b. Reaches the opening 204c, is discharged from the opening 204c, and is separated to the upper surface side of the bottom surface 204a. Since the rising portion 204b has a reverse funnel shape, the rising portion 204b can be quickly moved without destroying the foam. Seawater from which the TEP-containing bubbles are separated and removed is drained as overflow water.
- the overflow water level control unit 210 includes a drain outlet 210a provided at the bottom of the TEP component removal tank, a rising pipe 210b that flows upward from the drain outlet 210a, and a telescope valve that controls the overflow water level from the rising pipe 210b. 210c.
- the telescope valve is not particularly limited, and a telescope valve generally used for water level adjustment can be used.
- the overflow water level control unit 210 can adjust the amount of foam separation by changing the overflow water level according to the seawater quality. That is, when the overflow water level is lowered, the amount of overflow water is increased, the distance between the bottom surface 200a of the foam separation unit 200 and the water surface is increased, the amount of foam staying on the water surface is increased, the concentration proceeds, and the rising portion 200b.
- emitted from the opening 200c reduces.
- the overflow level of the treated water is increased, the amount of overflow water is reduced, the distance between the bottom surface 200a of the foam separation unit 200 and the water surface is reduced, the amount of foam remaining on the water surface is reduced, and the concentration proceeds.
- the amount of foam discharged from the rising portion 200b and the opening 200c increases.
- a telescope valve is used to control the overflow water level.
- any telescope valve having the same function can be applied.
- a control valve or the like is used. You can also.
- the seawater desalination apparatus (Example 1) shown in FIG. 2 and the seawater desalination apparatus of the prior art (Comparative Example 1) shown in FIG. 15 are installed in parallel on the same site facing the sea, under the same conditions. The vehicle was continuously operated for 9 months from June to March of the following year.
- the bubble generation and foam removal unit 20 stands in the TEP component removal tank 21 with a standing partition 26a as a TEP-containing foam outflow prevention means from the bottom surface of the TEP component removal tank 21 to below the water level.
- a bubble generating means an ejector 22b and an aeration device 22a are provided at the bottom of the intake pipe 11 at the tip of the intake pipe 11, and a TEP-containing foam concentrating means (and a TEP-containing bubble directing means) is inclined between the opposing wall surfaces.
- the partition 25a was constructed, and the scraper 23a and the pipe skimmer 23b were provided as TEP-containing bubble removing means. Seawater from the intake pipe 11 was supplied from above the TEP component removal tank 21. Table 1 shows the specifications of the bubble generation and foam removal unit 20.
- seawater from the intake pipe 101 was supplied to the raw water tank 105 in the seawater desalination apparatus of the prior art shown in FIG. 15 near the bottom of the raw water tank 105.
- Table 2 shows the specifications of the turbidity removing unit 30 (gravity type double-layer sand filter in the prior art) in the seawater desalination apparatus of the present invention.
- the RO membrane of the desalination treatment apparatus 40 (reverse osmosis membrane desalination apparatus in the conventional apparatus) in the seawater desalination apparatus of the present invention was a 4-inch spiral RO membrane.
- the strainer 14 (104) provided in the water intake section 10 (101) has a width of 5 mm, and after removing dust in the seawater, the water was sent to the TEP component removal tank 21 (105).
- 1 mg / L sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) is added to the seawater in the intake pipe 11 (101) as a disinfectant
- 3 mg / L iron chloride (as a flocculant is added to the seawater in the raw water pipe 32 for filtration.
- FeCl 3 ) was added, and sodium bisulfite (NaHSO 3 ) was added to the seawater in the RO raw water feed pipe 42 as a residual chlorine remover.
- the amount of water intake was 10 m 3 / day.
- seawater mixed with bubbles is ejected to the TEP component removal tank 21 by the ejector 22b.
- Seawater stays in the TEP component removal tank 21, is aerated by the aeration device 22a, is further mixed with bubbles, and the TEP component in the seawater is adsorbed by the bubbles and floats as TEP-containing bubbles.
- the floated TEP-containing foam stays on the water surface of the TEP component removal tank 21, is collected by the scraper 23a at the suction port of the pipe skimmer 23b, and is taken out and discharged.
- the seawater passes below the inclined partition 25a, crosses above the upright partition 26a, and is sent from the filtered raw water discharge area 21b to the turbidity removing part (gravity type two-layer sand filter) 30 by the filtered raw water water pipe. It is done.
- seawater is supplied from the intake pipe 101 to the raw water tank 105, stays for a certain period of time, and then sent to the gravitational double-layer sand filter 109.
- Seawater filtered by the turbidity removal unit (gravity type double-layer sand filtration device) 109 passes through the RO membrane through the safety filter for protecting the reverse osmosis membrane (RO membrane) of the reverse osmosis membrane desalination device 115. Is done.
- the water recovery rate of the RO membrane was set to 30%, and the flow rate of the RO supply pump 114 was automatically controlled so that 3 m 3 / day of RO permeated water (fresh water) would flow. Since the RO membrane pressure increased with the RO membrane fouling (clogging) situation, the RO membrane was cleaned with chemicals when the discharge pressure of the RO supply pump 114 increased to 6.5 MPa.
- TEP concentration was measured.
- TEP is measured by filtering a seawater sample with a filter paper made of polycarbonate having a pore diameter of 0.4 ⁇ m, staining the sample captured on the surface of the filter paper with Alcian blue, and measuring xanthan gum (XG) with a spectrophotometer as a standard. The unit is expressed in ⁇ g-XG / L.
- TEP that can be quantified by this analytical method is an acidic mucopolysaccharide. Table 3 shows the TEP measurement results.
- Example 1 the seawater treated by the bubble generation and foam removing unit 20 was taken at the inlet of the turbidity removal device 30 (gravity type double-layer sand filtration device 31), and the TEP concentration was measured.
- the TEP concentration in the collected seawater was 1,620 ⁇ g-XG / L, and the TEP concentration in the seawater after the treatment was reduced to 502 ⁇ g-XG / L, so the TEP removal rate was 69%.
- the TEP concentrations were 1,540 ⁇ g-XG / L and 1,550 ⁇ g-XG / L even through the raw water tank, and were almost unchanged.
- the TEP concentration in seawater at the inlet of the desalination treatment apparatus (RO membrane apparatus) 40 was 340 ⁇ g-XG / L in Example 1 in September, 1018 ⁇ g-XG / L in Comparative Example 1, and the Example in January.
- the TEP concentration in Example 1 was significantly lower than that in Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 14 shows the pressure change of the RO membrane during the experiment period in Example 1.
- the pressure of the RO membrane was about 5 MPa at the start of operation, and increased with the continuation of operation.
- Comparative Example 1 since the set pressure reached 6.5 MPa from June in about 4 months (120th day), the RO membrane was cleaned with a chemical solution.
- Example 1 the pressure reached 6.5 MPa in about 7.5 months (230th day) from June, and the chemical cleaning of the RO membrane was performed.
- Example 1 the RO membrane can be continuously operated about 1.9 times longer than Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 1 is the RO membrane in the continuous operation for 10 months from June to March of the following year. While cleaning was required twice, Example 1 required only one cleaning.
- TEP components polysaccharides and TEP, precursors
- seawater desalination apparatus and method of the present invention TEP components (polysaccharides and TEP, precursors) can be separated from seawater without adding special filtration membranes, special flocculants, magnetic particles, or the like. It is possible to prevent the reverse osmosis membrane from being clogged and to perform stable operation efficiently over a long period of time.
- Example 2 Using the seawater desalination apparatus (Example 2) provided with the foam separation unit 200 and the overflow water level control unit (telescope valve) 210 shown in FIG. 16, the conventional apparatus (Comparative Example 2) shown in FIG. Under the same conditions, it operated continuously in parallel for 9 months from June to March of the following year. Table 4 shows the specifications of the foam separation unit 200.
- the foam separation unit 200 incorporates a control method according to the water quality fluctuation because the phenomenon that the foam separation becomes unstable due to the water quality fluctuation of the intake seawater is confirmed when the operation condition is fixed and continuously operated.
- Example 2 the overflow water of the water containing foam in the overflow water level control unit (telescope valve) 210 so that the amount of foam separation is 0.347 L / min which is 5% of the seawater flowing into the foam separation unit 200.
- the position was automatically adjusted.
- Comparative Example 2 was operated with the same specifications as Comparative Example 1. Table 5 shows the results of measuring the TEP concentration at a fixed point of each process twice in September when the TEP concentration increases and twice in December when the TEP concentration is relatively low.
- Example 2 the TEP concentration in the seawater taken in September was 2,020 ⁇ g-XG / L, and the TEP concentration in the seawater after treatment was reduced to 632 ⁇ g-XG / L. The rate was 69%. On the other hand, in Comparative Example 2, the TEP concentration was 1,980 ⁇ g-XG / L even through the raw water tank and was not changed.
- the TEP concentration in seawater at the inlet of the desalination treatment device (RO membrane device) 40 was 330 ⁇ g-XG / L in Example 2 in September, 1,333 ⁇ g-XG / L in Comparative Example 2, and in December.
- Example 2 was 130 ⁇ g-XG / L
- Comparative Example 2 was 330 ⁇ g-XG / L
- Example 2 had a significantly lower TEP concentration than Comparative Example 2.
- FIG. 18 shows the pressure change of the RO membrane 41 during the experiment.
- the RO membrane pressure was 4.8 MPa at the start of operation, and increased with the continuation of operation.
- Comparative Example 2 since the temperature rapidly increased from June and reached the set pressure of 6.5 MPa in July (110th day), the RO membrane was cleaned with a chemical solution. On the other hand, in Example 2, it reached 6.5 MPa in November (230th day), and the RO membrane was subjected to chemical cleaning.
- the RO membrane can be continuously operated about 2.1 times longer than Comparative Example 2, and in the continuous operation for 9 months from April to December, Comparative Example 2 was able to clean the RO membrane. While it took two times, Example 2 required only one washing.
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Abstract
Description
20:気泡発生及び泡沫除去部
21:TEP成分除去槽
22:気泡発生手段
23:泡沫除去手段
24:泡沫濃縮手段
25:気泡指向手段
26:泡沫流出防止手段
30:除濁装置(部)
31:濾過装置
40:逆浸透膜処理装置
200:泡沫分離部
210:越流水水位制御部(テレスコープ弁)
Claims (17)
- 取水した海水中に気泡を発生させ、当該気泡にTEP成分が吸着してなるTEP含有気泡を水面に集めてTEP含有泡沫として除去する泡沫除去部を具備するTEP成分除去槽と、
TEP成分が除去された海水を脱塩処理して淡水化する逆浸透膜処理装置と、
を具備することを特徴とする海水淡水化装置。 - 前記泡沫除去部は、水面に浮上したTEP含有泡沫を高密度化して濃縮する泡沫濃縮部を具備することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の海水淡水化装置。
- 前記泡沫濃縮部は、前記TEP成分除去槽の対向壁間に架設されている1又は複数の仕切り壁であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の海水淡水化装置。
- 前記泡沫除去部は、水面に浮上するTEP含有気泡を所定領域に集める気泡指向手段を具備することを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の海水淡水化装置。
- 前記気泡指向手段は、前記TEP成分除去槽に設けられている傾斜仕切であり、当該傾斜仕切によって区画された一の領域内の水断面積が上方に向かって縮減するように傾斜していることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の海水淡水化装置。
- 前記泡沫除去部は、パイプスキマー、又はスカムポンプの少なくとも1種を含むことを特徴とする請求項1~5の何れか1に記載の海水淡水化装置。
- 前記TEP成分除去槽は、底面から水面レベルの下まで立設されている立設仕切、又は水面よりも下方に堰口を位置づけることができる可動堰を具備し、水面に浮上したTEP含有泡沫の流出を防止することを特徴とする請求項1~6の何れか1に記載の海水淡水化装置。
- 前記泡沫除去部は、水面に対して平行となる底面と、当該底面から斜めに立ち上がり頂部に開口を形成する複数の逆漏斗形状の立ち上がり部とを具備することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の海水淡水化装置。
- 前記TEP成分除去槽は、TEP成分除去後の海水の排水量を制御して前記泡沫除去部における泡沫除去量を一定にする越流水位制御部をさらに具備することを特徴とする請求項1~7の何れか1に記載の海水淡水化装置。
- 前記TEP成分除去槽は、散気装置、曝気装置、撹拌式エアレータ、エジェクタ、極微細気泡発生装置、又は取水した海水を衝突させる衝突部材の少なくとも1種を含むことを特徴とする請求項1~8の何れか1に記載の海水淡水化装置。
- 前記TEP成分を除去した海水、又は前記取水した海水から濁質分を除去する除濁装置をさらに具備することを特徴とする請求項1~10の何れかに記載の海水淡水化装置。
- 前記除濁装置は、MF膜、UF膜、砂、アンスラサイト、ガラス、ガーネット、活性炭、及び繊維部材から選択される少なくとも1種を濾材として充填してなる濾過装置であることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の海水淡水化装置。
- 取水した海水に気泡を生成させ、当該気泡に海水中のTEP成分を付着させてTEP含有気泡を水面に浮上させ、浮上した気泡を集めてTEP含有泡沫とした後に当該TEP含有泡沫を除去するTEP成分除去工程と、
取水した海水、又はTEP含有気泡を除去した後の海水から濁質分を除去する除濁工程と、
前記TEP成分を除去した後の海水を脱塩処理する脱塩処理工程と、
を具備することを特徴とする海水淡水化方法。 - 前記TEP成分除去工程は、前記TEP含有泡沫を高密度化して濃縮する濃縮工程を含むことを特徴とする請求項13に記載の海水淡水化方法。
- 前記TEP成分除去工程は、前記TEP含有気泡を水面上の所定領域に集めるTEP含有気泡指向工程を含むことを特徴とする請求項13又は14に記載の海水淡水化方法。
- 前記気泡は、
取水した海水を水槽に落下させること、又は取水した海水を衝突部材に衝突させること、あるいは散気装置、曝気装置、撹拌式エアレータ、エジェクタ、極微細気泡発生装置を用いて形成されることを特徴とする請求項13に記載の海水淡水化方法。 - 前記TEP成分除去工程における水面に浮上したTEP含有泡沫の除去は、水面上方に設けた逆漏斗形状の泡沫分離部による分離除去、水面に浮かぶ可動堰による海水との分離除去、水面上でのスキマーによる掻き取り、ポンプによる吸引の少なくとも1種によりなされることを特徴とする請求項13~16の何れか1に記載の海水淡水化方法。
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JP2018124129A (ja) * | 2017-01-31 | 2018-08-09 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 原子炉格納構造、気泡発生装置の操作方法 |
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JPWO2017135162A1 (ja) * | 2016-02-05 | 2018-12-06 | 水ing株式会社 | 水処理装置及び水処理方法 |
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