Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
  • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
  • A23L33/40—Complete food formulations for specific consumer groups or specific purposes, e.g. infant formula
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
  • A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
  • A23L29/20—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents
  • A23L29/206—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents of vegetable origin
  • A23L29/212—Starch; Modified starch; Starch derivatives, e.g. esters or ethers
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
  • A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
  • A23L29/20—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents
  • A23L29/206—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents of vegetable origin
  • A23L29/231—Pectin; Derivatives thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
  • A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
  • A23L29/20—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents
  • A23L29/206—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents of vegetable origin
  • A23L29/238—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents of vegetable origin from seeds, e.g. locust bean gum or guar gum
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
  • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
  • A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
  • A23L33/105—Plant extracts, their artificial duplicates or their derivatives
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
  • A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
  • A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
  • A61K36/48—Fabaceae or Leguminosae (Pea or Legume family); Caesalpiniaceae; Mimosaceae; Papilionaceae
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
  • A61P1/04—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for ulcers, gastritis or reflux esophagitis, e.g. antacids, inhibitors of acid secretion, mucosal protectants
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
  • A61P3/02—Nutrients, e.g. vitamins, minerals
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
  • A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs

Definitions

• the field of the present invention is that of medicine and human nutrition, especially infant nutrition.
• the present invention relates to nutritional compositions for preventing or treating regurgitation and / or gastroesophageal reflux in infants and young children without altering or improving their intestinal transit, typically by reducing or avoiding side effects (constipation, liquid stools, etc.) conventionally caused by the ingestion of infant milk for anti-regurgitation purposes. It also relates to nutritional compositions for preventing and / or treating intestinal disorders in infants or children.
• the aim of the invention is to reduce, preferably to eliminate, the phenomena of regurgitation and / or reflux affecting a subject while preserving his intestinal transit, that is to say by causing him neither diarrhea nor constipation.
• Infant anti-regurgitation and / or anti-reflux compositions, formulas, infant formulas and infant formulas that preserve correct intestinal transit in infants and young children, in particular avoiding intestinal transit abnormalities described in the present text, are thus more particularly described.
• the lower esophageal sphincter is a circular muscle located in the lower part of the esophagus. During meals, this muscle relaxes so as to facilitate the propulsion of ingested food (bolus) in the stomach.
• the main function of this muscle is to prevent the return of the contents of the stomach to the esophagus thanks to its tonic constriction.
• this muscle may be immature. It can not always support and compensate for the pressure exerted by the gastric contents. It then tends, during and after meals, to relax and let small volumes of gastric fluid rise in the pharynx and to the mouth, via the esophagus: regurgitation.
• Regurgitations are often the source of anxiety for parents, who do not hesitate to consult a doctor. Concerns vary, in the child, from the simple embarrassment, caused by the referrals, until the pain (the wall of the esophagus being irritated, that gives rise to burns even ulcerations of the esophagus). These pains are sources of crying and often complicate the falling asleep of the child. In some cases, excessively frequent and / or prolonged reflux may be responsible for complications, defining, regardless of the age of the subject, a pathological Gastroesophageal Reflux (GERD), still identified in this text as "reflux". ").
• GSD Gastroesophageal Reflux
• pathological reflux may have more atypical oesophageal and respiratory consequences: break in the weight-of-weight curve, recurrent rhino-pharyngo-bronchitis, asthma and bronchiolitis, anemia. It is estimated that regurgitation and reflux occur in approximately 75% of children under one year of age.
• Thickeners conventionally used for many years such as precooked and / or pregelatinized starches or carob seed meal, for example, can be added during the preparation of the bottle to infant milk.
• AR milks Pre-thickened infant milk so-called anti-regurgitation (AR) milks have been on offer for several years. These AR formulations already contain a thickening agent, chosen from starches and locust bean gum, which causes the viscosity of the reconstituted milk and thus has an anti-regurgitation effect.
• a thickening agent chosen from starches and locust bean gum, which causes the viscosity of the reconstituted milk and thus has an anti-regurgitation effect.
• Locust bean flour preparations are known to cause abdominal, colic and diarrheal pain following carob fermentation in the colon (Carré and Al, Arch Dis Child, 1985). , 60, 71-75).
• the carob induces frequent, liquid and gelatinous stools.
• acute intestinal obstruction or necrotizing enterocolitis have been reported in premature infants and newborns (Vandenplas and AL The Diagnosis and Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux in Infants, Early Hum dev 2005; 81: 1011- 24).
• Liquid stools are also a source of concern for parents. Diarrhea can cause increased losses of water and electrolytes (sodium, potassium, bicarbonates) which can quickly become very problematic in a young child, resulting in more or less severe dehydration, and require rehydration.
• Constipation may be defined as difficulty, delay, or complete absence of defecation for two weeks or more sufficient to cause significant distress in the subject who is suffering from it (Baker et al, JPediatric Gastroenterol Nutr 1999; 29: 612 -26). Indeed, the longer the defecation delay, the more difficult the stool expulsion will be, and sometimes the cause of anal fissures in the infant or child. This suffering, a source of discomfort when it is not a source of pain for infants and children, is also often a source of concern for parents who fear it is a symptom of a serious medical problem. Constipation can also be characterized by the emission of hard stools, the hardness being easily evaluated by the skilled person with regard to the Bristol scale (types 1, 2 and 3 of said scale).
• Novalac AR ® is an example of starch-thickened milk [Ingredients: skim milk, lactose, vegetable oils, starch, minerals, vitamins, L-cystine, taurine, choline bitartrate, inositol, antioxidant (tocopherols), L carnitine].
• This milk gives good results in terms of effect on regurgitation, but causes problems of constipation in a number of children.
• an anti-regurgitation composition comprising starch and carob (known to induce liquid stools, as explained above) would protect the infant against the side effects respectively induced on the stool by the two types. thickeners, the effects of which annihilate each other.
• the inventors have developed a nutritional composition, in particular an anti-regurgitation and / or anti-reflux nutritional composition, which preserves, ideally, surprisingly and unexpectedly restores the intestinal transit and thus prevents the infant from inconvenience associated with alteration of said transit such as constipation, loose stools, loose stools and / or too frequent (diarrhea), and / or colic.
• a nutritional composition in particular an anti-regurgitation and / or anti-reflux nutritional composition
• the subject of the invention is a nutritional composition, typically an anti-regurgitation and / or anti-reflux composition (hereinafter more generally referred to as "anti-regurgitation nutritional composition” or “anti-regurgitation composition”), infant or child, which preferably alters less than the compositions of the prior art, ideally does not alter the intestinal transit of said infant or child, or in other words allows to preserve its intestinal transit and therefore to limit or reduce, ideally to avoid, constipation, loose stools, loose stools, stools too frequent and / or colic, preferably constipation, loose stools, loose stools and / or too frequent.
• anti-regurgitation nutritional composition typically an anti-regurgitation nutritional composition
• anti-regurgitation composition anti-regurgitation nutritional composition
• infant or child which preferably alters less than the compositions of the prior art, ideally does not alter the intestinal transit of said infant or child, or in other words allows to preserve its intestinal transit and therefore to limit or reduce, ideally to avoid, constipation
• the composition according to the invention is, independently of its anti-regurgitation and / or anti-reflux action, capable of restoring intestinal transit in the infant or child suffering from the discomfort associated with an alteration of said intestinal tract. transit.
• This composition comprises carob, cold soot and pectins, preferably cold-soluble carob and at least two pectins of different natures.
• compositions make it possible to reduce or avoid at least one, preferably at least two, even more preferentially all intestinal disorders. constipation, loose stools, loose and / or too frequent stools (diarrhea), colic.
• the viscosity is evaluated using a Brookfield type viscometer (DV-
• I Prime at a temperature between 35 and 40 ° C, typically about 37 ° C, with a cylinder-shaped module S61 or disk-shaped S62 and rotational speeds varying from 12 to 100, for example 20 to 100 rotations per minute (rpm) as a function of measured viscosity values.
• the viscosity is evaluated with a S61 mobile at 60 rpm (rotations per minute). For viscosity values greater than or equal to 100 mPa.s and less than 500 mPa.s, the viscosity is evaluated with a S62 mobile at 60 rpm. For viscosity values greater than or equal to 500 mPa.s and less than 999.8 mPa.s, the viscosity is evaluated with a S62 mobile at 30 rpm. For viscosity values greater than or equal to 998 mPa.s and less than 2500 mPa.s, the viscosity is evaluated with a S62 mobile at 12 rpm.
• the concentration of cold-soluble carob is advantageously less than or equal to about 1% by weight, preferably less than or equal to 0.75% by weight, for example 0.5% by weight, relative to the total weight. decomposition. All the percentages by weight mentioned in the present description are expressed with reference to the total weight of the composition in which they are present.
• the pectins used in the composition are advantageously highly esterified pectins, weakly esterified pectins (preferably weakly esterified amidated pectins) or a mixture of both.
• the pectins used of different natures are a mixture of highly esterified pectins and weakly esterified pectins, typically highly esterified pectins and amidated and weakly esterified pectins.
• the composition comprises cold-soluble carob, at least two pectins of different natures, and optionally starch, typically precooked and / or pregelatinized starch.
• the composition according to the invention further comprises one or more ingredients chosen from carbohydrates, said carbohydrates being preferably chosen from lactose and maltodextrins; lipids; proteins, said proteins being hydrolysed or non-hydrolyzed; and / or amino acids.
• the composition comprises cold-soluble carob at a concentration of less than about 0.75% by weight, preferably about 0.2% to about 0.75% by weight, more preferably about 0.5%; and preferably starch at a concentration of from about 1% to about 10% by weight, typically from about 1% to about 5% by weight; said concentrations being concentrations expressed by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.
• the above composition further comprises lactose at a concentration of from about 20 to about 25% by weight, and / or maltodextrins at a concentration of from about 15 to about 30% by weight. .
• composition which is the subject of the invention can be in powder form as well as in liquid form. It is advantageously in the form of a pasteurized powder or a sterile liquid.
• a particular object of the invention thus relates to a composition according to the invention for use in infant milk, infant food supplementation, follow-up milk, growth milk, or dietetic food, typically a dietary food for infants. or for children.
• a particular composition of the invention is a dietetic food intended for special medical purposes, in particular an infant milk, typically an infant milk antiregurgitation and / or anti-reflux, preferably to preserve (not altering) the intestinal transit infant or child, or even restore intestinal transit in the infant or child suffering from the inconvenience associated with alteration of the transit.
• the liquid base used for its preparation is typically a liquid base dietary food for special medical purposes, in particular a liquid infant formula.
• compositions according to the invention are particularly suitable for use in infants or children administered a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), for example chosen from omeprazole, esomeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole and rabeprazole.
• PPI proton pump inhibitor
• Another subject of the invention relates to a method for preparing a nutritional composition of interest, typically an anti-regurgitation and / or anti-reflux nutritional composition, for infants or children in powder form, which preferably is a composition that does not alter the intestinal transit or that makes it possible to preserve or restore it.
• a nutritional composition of interest typically an anti-regurgitation and / or anti-reflux nutritional composition
• This method comprises the steps of: a) preparing a liquid base of composition whose solids content is at least 20% by weight relative to the total weight of said composition, by mixing, with stirring, at a temperature of at least 60 ° C, constitutive elements of said composition, said elements comprising at least two pectins of different nature, preferably at least one highly methylated pectin and at least one poorly methylated pectin (preferably at least one amidated pectin and weakly methylated), and carob soluble cold, the concentration of cold-soluble carob is less than or equal to about 1% by weight relative to the total weight of said composition,
• step b) homogenization of the liquid base obtained at the end of step a) by fractionation of the constituent elements during a first step i) carried out under a pressure of between 100 and 300 bar and in a step ii) carried out under a pressure of between 10 and 60 bar,
• the composition for example the anti-regurgitation and / or anti-reflux composition thus obtained, is typically a dietetic food intended for special medical purposes, in particular an infant milk, for example an anti-regurgitation and / or anti-infant milk.
• reflux which preferably does not alter the intestinal transit, allows to preserve or restore it when it is altered
• the liquid base used to prepare it is typically a liquid dietetic food base for special medical purposes , especially a liquid base of infant milk.
• the constituent elements of the composition further comprise precooked and / or pregelatinized starch.
• the dry matter content of the liquid base is at least 35% by weight relative to the total weight of liquid base.
• the method of preparation further comprises an application step, at the liquid base obtained at the end of step a) or at the end of step b), of a heat treatment at a temperature between 60 ° C and 110 ° C for a time sufficient to pasteurize said base, and allowing the recovery of a pasteurized anti-regurgitation and / or anti-reflux composition in the form of powder at the end from step d).
• the preparation method comprises a step of preparing the liquid base carried out with stirring at a temperature of between about 60 ° C. and about 90 ° C., and kept stirring until the step of homogenization.
• the homogenization step i) is advantageously carried out under a pressure of between about 170 bar and about 200 bar and the homogenization step ii) is advantageously carried out under a pressure of between about 30.degree. bars and around 40 bars.
• compositions in particular an anti-regurgitation and / or anti-reflux composition, characterized in that it preserves the intestinal transit of the infant or the child for a combined use in the treatment of Regurgitation and prevention of abnormalities or disorders of the intestinal transit (constipation, loose stools, diarrhea and / or colic, preferably hard stools, loose or liquid stools and / or too frequent) of the infant or the child or for use in the prevention of abnormalities or disorders of the intestinal transit of the infant or the child.
• Regurgitation and prevention of abnormalities or disorders of the intestinal transit constipation, loose stools, diarrhea and / or colic, preferably hard stools, loose or liquid stools and / or too frequent
• compositions typically an anti-regurgitation and / or anti-reflux composition, characterized in that said composition restores the intestinal transit of the infant or the child for a combined use in the treatment or the prevention of regurgitation and / or reflux, as well as abnormalities or disorders of the intestinal transit [constipation, loose stools, diarrhea and / or colic, preferably hard stools, loose or liquid stools and / or too frequent] of the infant or of the child or for the sole treatment or the sole prevention of abnormalities or disorders of intestinal transit [constipation, loose stools, diarrhea and / or colic, preferably, hard stools, loose or liquid stools and / or too frequent] of the infant or the child (ie regardless of any treatment or prevention of regurgitation and / or reflux problem).
• Nutritional compositions such as infant anti-regurgitation milks, comprising carob and / or starch as thickening agent (s) have unpleasant side effects on the intestinal transit, especially infants. (from birth to one year of age), whose fragile and immature digestive system makes them particularly sensitive, as well as infants (children up to three years of age).
• the object of the invention is precisely to meet this need by describing a composition, typically an anti-regurgitation and / or anti-reflux nutritional composition, which limits the alteration, preferably does not alter, even more preferred preserves, or even restores, the intestinal transit of the subject to which it is administered.
• the subject of the invention is a nutritional composition, in particular a nutritional anti-regurgitation and / or anti-reflux composition for infants or children, which preferably alters less than the compositions of the prior art, ideally does not alter , the intestinal transit of said infant or child, or in other words to preserve its intestinal transit and therefore to limit or reduce, ideally avoid, constipation, loose stools, loose stools, stools too frequent and / or colic, preferably constipation, loose stools, loose stools and / or too frequent.
• anti-regurgitation composition refers to a composition which does not cause regurgitation or gastroesophageal reflux, preferably which limits regurgitation or gastroesophageal reflux, and ideally prevents or prevents regurgitation or gastroesophageal reflux.
• a composition which "preserves the intestinal transit” designates a composition which alters less (than the known compositions of the prior art), preferably does not alter the intestinal transit, typically does not alter the intestinal transit of 90% of the infants. or children of a test population, typically which does not cause adverse effects on the stool, such as constipation, diarrhea, loose and / or fluid stool and / or stool too frequent, and / or colic.
• the consistency of the stool can be evaluated using different scales, known to those skilled in the art, for example using the Bristol scale, defined as follows:
• Type 1 hard and broken stool (in balls) difficult evacuation
• Type 2 Hard, sausage-molded and bumpy saddles
• Type 3 hard saddle, sausage mold, crackled surface
• Type 4 Soft, but molded, sausage (or serpentine) stool
• Type 5 Loose soft stools with clear edges and easy evacuation
• Type 6 Loose stools with jagged edges
• Type 7 Completely liquid saddles
• so-called “hard” saddles correspond to types 1, 2 and 3 of the Bristol scale.
• Stools called “formed or normal” correspond to types 4 and 5
• so-called “soft” saddles correspond to type 6
• the so-called “liquid” saddles correspond to type 7 of this same scale.
• diarrhea is typically used to designate soft and / or liquid stools and / or too frequent, for example the emission of at least three, typically at least four soft and / or liquid stools per day, of preferably at least five soft and / or liquid stools per day.
• the term "restore intestinal transit” typically refers to the effect of restoring normal transit when the latter is impaired, in particular the effect of restoring normal intestinal transit in subjects suffering from constipation, loose stools, loose stools, loose to liquid stools, excessively frequent stools and / or colic, preferably in subjects with constipation, diarrhea, hard, soft stools and / or loose stools. It is therefore in particular to standardize the consistency of the stool in subjects whose stools are hard, soft or liquid, preferably so as to obtain stool formed.
• composition object of the invention comprises cold-soluble carob and several pectins, preferably at least two pectins of different natures.
• the carob gum native is a carob which has a low solubility in aqueous medium of the order of 20% at a temperature between 10 ° C and 45 ° C (see patent application FR 2 913 857).
• solubility in an aqueous medium at a temperature of between 10 ° C. and 45 ° C.” means that at a temperature of between 10 ° C. and 45 ° C., in an aqueous medium, locust bean gum develops at least 20% > the viscosity that it would have developed if it had been dissolved at temperatures above 80 ° C.
• carob does not present, at the reconstitution temperature of the milk in the bottle (which is between about 30 ° C and 50 ° C), a satisfactory solubility in aqueous medium.
• solubility being however necessary and prior to any homogeneous increase in viscosity, it has been sought to develop so-called "cold-soluble” carob where a significant proportion of the viscous potential is already expressed between 30 and 50 ° C.
• the carob gum "cold soluble" is on the contrary a carob having an aqueous solubility greater than 60% at a temperature between 10 ° C and 45 ° C according to the definition given above.
• the so-called "cold-soluble” carob is distinguished from the native carob, especially in that it has a weight average molecular weight of carob that is lower than that of the native carob.
• This particular weight average molecular weight can, for example, be obtained by breaking the glycosidic bonds in order to produce shorter chains.
• Such a cold-soluble carob can for example be obtained by the following method:
• step (iii) at the end of step (ii), the weight average molecular weight of the carob is reduced by a depolymerization reaction thereof.
• the depolymerization of the carob can, for example, be carried out without oxidation, enzymatically, by acid hydrolysis, under the effect of high pressures and temperatures and in the presence of an oxidizing agent, or by physical treatments such as, for example, exposure to gamma radiation.
• the soluble locust bean cold according to the invention advantageously has a weight average molecular weight (M w) of between 2.5.10 5 and 1 * 5.10 g / mol, preferably between 2.5.10 5 and 1.10 6 g / mol, more preferably between 2.5 ⁇ 10 5 and 6 ⁇ 10 5 g / mol.
• M w weight average molecular weight
• Cold-soaked carob beans are known to cause a rapid increase in the viscosity of the liquid milk base, so that in the mind of those skilled in the art, the application of certain technological treatments, such as application of a heat treatment (during the pasteurization or sterilization step), homogenization and atomization (spraying) necessary for the production of food powder, in particular infant milk powder pasteurized, are considered by skilled in the art as impossible to implement in the presence of carob. So far the cold-soluble carob was therefore only used in dry mix and non-liquid which had the disadvantage of not allowing the systematic elimination of pathogenic bacteria that could contaminate the composition, said elimination being only permitted by the implementation of a sterilization or pasteurization step applied to a liquid mixture.
• the total maximum tolerated flora should preferably not exceed 1000 CFU (unit forming colonies) per gram of powder.
• CFU unit forming colonies
• this flora Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Coagulase + Staphylococci, Salmonella and Enterobacteriaceae (especially Cronobacter sakazaki) are in particular considered to be pathogenic for humans and should preferably be totally eliminated. .
• the method according to the invention now makes it possible to eliminate all the pathogenic bacteria (in particular the bacteria listed above) for the human being, in particular for the infant and the child, in particular the young child.
• compositions in particular an anti-regurgitation and / or anti-reflux composition, which has surprisingly a very effective anti-regurgitation and / or anti-reflux effect, said composition comprising carob cold fuchsia and preferably pectins, even more preferably cold-soluble carob and at least two pectins of different natures, and said composition being obtained using a process which makes it possible to overcome the known technical constraints of the invention. skilled in the art, while allowing a clear progress in terms of food safety.
• composition which is the subject of the invention in fact comprises carob which is soluble to cold.
• the composition which is the subject of the invention comprises cold-soluble carob at a concentration of less than or equal to 1% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.
• the composition comprises cold-soluble carob in a concentration of from about 0.2% to about 0.75% by weight based on the total weight of the composition, preferably about 0.5% by weight.
• composition which is the subject of the invention also comprises pectins, typically at least two pectins of different natures.
• pectin and “pectic substance” are used interchangeably.
• Pectic substances are polymers acid polysaccharides. They are composed of a main chain consisting of 1-4-linked uronic acid monomers between which rhamnose molecules are intercalated by 1-2 and 1-4 bonds responsible for the zig-zag form of the macro molecules. of pectin. These complex molecules have ramifications at the level of uronic acids as at the level of rhamnose by galactan type molecules, rhamnanes, etc.
• Pectins There is a wide variety of pectins whose origin is exclusively vegetable. Pectins are present in large quantities in pips and zests of currants, apples, quince and citrus fruits.
• the pectins can form a network thus having a gelling effect. These are compounds very frequently used in nutritional preparations such as jams, precisely for these gelling properties.
• Pectins are known to be stabilizers or thickeners (by increasing the viscosity) of nutritional compositions and in particular infant formulas (US2003 / 0165606).
• a drug known for several decades, sold in pharmacies under the name Gelopectose®, is also used to thicken the contents of the stomach.
• the pectins used in the composition according to the invention are advantageously of different natures.
• the pectins of different natures are chosen from highly esterified pectins, weakly esterified pectins, amidated and weakly esterified pectins, and the mixture of at least two, for example all, of they.
• the pectins used of different natures are a mixture of highly esterified pectins and weakly esterified pectins, typically amidated and weakly esterified pectins.
• Highly esterified pectins are typically highly methylated pectins (still identified in this text as “HM" pectins).
• “Low esterified” pectins are typically low methylated pectins (still identified in this text as “LM” pectins).
• Pectins are complex polymers found in the cell membranes of plants. Pectins are mainly composed of galacturonic acid, whose carboxyl group is frequently methylated. Other sugars such as rhamnose, galactose and arabinose may also be present, depending on the source plant and the extraction method.
• the "weakly esterified" pectins used in the context of the present invention are typically citrus pectins.
• the composition has both weakly esterified (preferably weakly methylated) pectins and highly esterified (preferably highly methylated) pectins.
• the weakly esterified pectins are amidated.
• the degree of amidation of the "amidated and weakly esterified pectin", present in the composition according to the invention, is between about 5% and about 30%, preferably between about 5% and about 20%, more preferentially between about 10% and about 20%>.
• the degree of amidation refers to the percentage of galacturonic acids carrying an amide group within a pectin molecule.
• Its degree of esterification, typically of methylation is typically between about 20% and about 50%, preferably between about 30% and about 50%, and more preferably between about 30% and about 40%.
• the degree of esterification refers to the percentage of methyl esterified galacturonic acids within a pectin molecule.
• the composition according to the invention is for example an infant milk
• the presence, within this composition, of at least one weakly esterified pectin, preferably at least one amidated and weakly esterified pectin makes it possible to obtain an reconstituted infant milk (after dissolution of the powder in water) having a low viscosity, typically a liquid milk having a viscosity of between 20 and 50 mPa.s at a reconstitution pH.
• the pH required for the development of a satisfactory viscosity in the sense of the invention is significantly higher for the composition according to the invention at the required pH of about 3.5 for conventional anti-regurgitation compositions.
• the gastric pH gradually decreasing, after a meal, from 7 to about 3 the product according to the invention develops a viscosity more quickly in the stomach than the conventional antiregurgitation milks and thus makes it possible to limit or eliminate the symptoms of regurgitation or reflux when present. It is also easy to drink by the bottle nipple and allows the subject to eat without frustration while limiting the risk of flatulence.
• the pectins typically the "at least two pectins of different natures" are present at a concentration of less than or equal to about 10% by weight per relative to the total weight of composition, typically between about 4% and about 10% by weight relative to the total weight of composition, for example about 5% by weight relative to the total weight of composition.
• the "weakly esterified pectin" is present at a concentration of, for example, between about 1% and about 10% by weight relative to the total weight.
• composition preferably from about 2% to about 8%, for example from about 3% to about 8%, even more preferably from about 3% to about 5%, and is typically about 4%.
• the concentration, within a composition according to the invention, of weakly esterified pectin and possibly of highly esterified pectin will be adapted to the nature and the quantity of the proteins possibly present in the composition.
• the concentration, within a composition according to the invention, of weakly esterified pectin, in particular of amidated and weakly esterified pectin, will be all the greater if said composition is rich in hydrolysed proteins and, conversely, this concentration will be even lower than said composition will be rich in unhydrolyzed proteins.
• the "highly esterified” pectins that can be used in the context of the present invention are typically citrus pectins, in particular non-amidated citrus pectins.
• the inventors have discovered that such a "highly esterified pectin", used in combination with at least one "weakly esterified pectin", preferably with at least one "amidated and weakly esterified pectin", makes it possible to improve the stability of the composition according to the invention, typically the anti-regurgitation and / or anti-reflux composition according to the invention, (in particular the stability of the proteins) at acidic pH.
• the degree of esterification, typically methylation, of the "highly esterified pectin" present in the composition according to the invention is between about 50% and about 90%, preferably between about 50% and about 80%, more preferably between about 60% and about 70%.
• This index, between 100 and 200, is a measurement per sedimentation of the ability of highly esterified pectin to protect non-hydrolysed proteins in acidic medium from flocculation and / or coagulation.
• the "highly esterified pectin" is advantageously present at a concentration of between approximately 0.1% and about 10% by weight based on the total weight of the composition, preferably between about 0.1% and about 5%, more preferably about 1%.
• the concentration of highly esterified pectin, in a composition according to the invention comprising at least one weakly esterified pectin, preferably at least one amidated and weakly esterified pectin, and at least one highly esterified pectin, will be as much higher than said composition will be rich in non-hydrolysed proteins and, conversely, this concentration will be even lower as said composition will be rich in hydrolysed proteins and / or amino acids in admixture.
• the concentration of unhydrolyzed proteins is between about 10 and 13% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, that of weakly esterified pectin, typically that of amidated and weakly esterified pectin, is between 4 and 5% (for example 4.5%) and highly esterified pectin is about 1%.
• the concentration of hydrolysed proteins is between about 10% and about 13% by weight, that of weakly esterified pectin, typically that of amidated and weakly esterified pectin, is about 5% by weight , and that of highly esterified pectin is about 1% by weight relative to the total weight of composition.
• the concentration of non-hydrolysed proteins is between about 8% and about 10% by weight (it is typically about 9% by weight), the concentration of hydrolysed proteins is between about 2%. % and about 4% by weight (it is typically about 3% by weight), that of weakly esterified pectin, typically that of amidated and weakly esterified pectin, is between about 4 and about 4.5% by weight (it is about example of 4.25%), and that of highly esterified pectin is about 1% by weight relative to the total weight of composition.
• composition which is the subject of the invention may also comprise starch.
• the starch is composed of amylose, ⁇ -4 linked linear glucose polymer and amylopectin, a branched glucose polymer containing both predominant ⁇ 1-4 linkages and 1-6 branches. Depending on the plant source from which it is extracted, the starch has a somewhat different composition in amylose and amylopectin.
• Salivary alpha-amylase is not functional at birth. Its activity at the age of 3 months is significantly lower than that of the adult. Similarly, the activity of this enzyme at the pancreatic level increases gradually until the age of 3 years. However, the glucoamylase that occurs little in adults in the digestion of starch is very active from birth. This different distribution of enzymatic activities allows the newborn to digest up to 3 g / kg / day of starch.
• Starch has the characteristic of having its structure change under the effect of heat and hydration. There are different forms of starches such as starch or starch gel in which the solubilization leads to an increase in viscosity and an improvement in digestibility. These facts justify its use only in the form of pre-cooked or pre-gelatinized starch in anti-regurgitation milks. Moreover, the digestibility of starch is better when it contains a larger amount of amylopectin.
• Starches in combination with proteins, caseins in particular, which flocculate at acidic pH, develop, at the level of the stomach, the desired viscosity of the alimentary bolus which thus makes it possible to reduce or avoid regurgitation and reflux by effect of gravity.
• the nutritional composition that is the subject of the invention comprises starch at a concentration of less than or equal to 5% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.
• the composition comprises starch in a concentration of less than or equal to 2.5% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.
• the composition comprises starch in a concentration of less than or equal to 1% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.
• the composition according to the invention does not comprise starch.
• An object of the invention is therefore a nutritional composition, typically an anti-regurgitation and / or anti-reflux composition, in particular preserving the intestinal transit or making it possible to restore the intestinal transit, comprising in percentages of weight relative to the total weight of composition: about 1% of carob oil soaked cold, preferably between about 0.2% and about 0.75%, even more preferably about 0.5%> of cold-soluble carob; from about 4% to about 5% of weakly esterified amidated pectins; and about 1% of highly esterified pectins.
• composition which is the subject of the invention further comprises starch, preferably precooked and / or pregelatinized starch.
• the nutritional composition typically anti-regurgitation and / or anti-reflux, in particular preserving the intestinal transit or making it possible to restore it, comprises in percentages of weight relative to the total weight composition: about 1% cold-soluble carob, typically less than 1%, preferably between about 0.2% and about 0.75%, more preferably about 0.5% cold-soluble carob; between about 4% and about 5% weakly esterified amidated pectin (typically slightly methylated); about 1% of highly esterified pectins (typically highly methylated), and optionally between about 0.5% and about 5% starch, preferably about 1% starch.
• the nutritional composition according to the invention typically the anti-regurgitation and / or anti-reflux composition, in particular preserving the intestinal transit or making it possible to restore intestinal transit, also comprises approximately 26% of maltodextrins and about 22% of lactose, expressed by weight relative to the total weight of composition.
• a particular object of the invention is an infant milk, for example a milk antiregurgitation and / or anti-reflux, which does not affect the intestinal transit of the infant or the child and therefore does not cause effects on the stool or to restore intestinal transit.
• This infant milk is obtained from the composition described above comprising carob cold soot and pectin, typically at least two pectins of different natures.
• An infant milk typically anti-regurgitation and / or anti-reflux, according to the present invention may include any infant milk base known to those skilled in the art.
• any infant milk base whose nutritional properties are adapted to the needs of infants and children, including Dietary Foods for Special Medical Purposes (ADDFMS), can be used to prepare a composition according to the present invention.
• a standard infant formula base includes carbohydrates, fats, proteins, minerals, vitamins and possibly growth factors. The usual proportions of these various constituents in the milk base are about 55% for carbohydrates, 25% for lipids, 15% for proteins and 5% for the combination of minerals and vitamins, percentages being calculated with respect to the total weight (or total mass) of dry matter of the dehydrated milk base.
• the milk base may also optionally comprise other compounds known to those skilled in the art, such as compounds improving the texture of the milk, the taste of the milk and / or having a specific nutritional or functional interest (nucleotides, probiotics, prebiotics). , etc.).
• the protein fraction of the infant milk base can comprise two types of proteins: proteins of animal origin, in particular those derived from milk (casein and / or soluble proteins, also called whey proteins), and proteins from vegetable origin.
• proteins of animal origin in particular those derived from milk (casein and / or soluble proteins, also called whey proteins), and proteins from vegetable origin.
• the protein fraction may however advantageously comprise only one of these two types of proteins, for example only vegetable proteins.
• Proteins of animal origin can come for example from cow's milk, goat's milk, human milk, camel's milk, buffalo's milk, donkey's milk and / or mare's milk.
• Proteins of plant origin can come from, for example, rice, soybeans, peas, corn, wheat and / or potatoes.
• the proteins present in the infant milk base may be whole or, conversely, totally or partially hydrolysed. It can also be a mixture of the two types of proteins, for example comprising 75% of whole proteins for 25% of hydrolysed proteins.
• the hydrolyzed proteins preferably have a degree of hydrolysis of from about 5% to about 90%, preferably from about 5% to about 50%. The degree of hydrolysis corresponds to the number of peptide bonds broken by the hydrolysis. The higher the number, the greater the hydrolysis.
• the degree of hydrolysis of the hydrolysed proteins is between about 5% and about 50%>, for example between 30% and 40%, between 5% and 20%, between 5% and 10%, for example 7%.
• the protein fraction may also comprise mixed amino acids.
• the amino acids in mixture can be natural amino acids, synthetic amino acids or a mixture of natural amino acids and synthetic amino acids.
• the amino acids in mixture may constitute by themselves the protein fraction of infant anti-regurgitation and / or anti-reflux milk according to the present invention. They can also be present next to the hydrolysed proteins and any unhydrolyzed proteins. These hydrolysed proteins and / or amino acids in mixture are more digestible than non-hydrolyzed proteins and accelerate gastric emptying.
• a preferred composition according to the invention in particular an anti-regurgitation composition having no preferred stool effect, comprises hydrolysed proteins and mixed amino acids, for example about 95% hydrolysed proteins to 5% d amino acids in mixture.
• compositions according to the invention typically a composition antiregurgitation and / or anti-reflux, in particular not affecting the transit of the infant or the child or to restore the intestinal transit, comprises a protein fraction containing a majority hydrolysed proteins and / or amino acids in admixture.
• composition according to the invention typically another anti-regurgitation and / or anti-reflux composition, in particular that does not alter the transit of the infant or the child or that makes it possible to restore the intestinal transit, comprises a protein fraction. containing a majority of unhydrolyzed proteins.
• the lipids typically capable of entering into the composition of the infant milk according to the present invention may be chosen for example from milk fat, safflower oil, egg yolk lipids, olive oil coconut oil, palm oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, fish oil, oils derived from algae and / or mushrooms, palm olein, medium chain triglycerides, and fatty acid esters selected, for example, from arachidonic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, docosahexanoic acid, eicosapentanoic acid, linolenic acid, oleic acid, lauric acid, capric acid, caprylic acid and caproic acid.
• Carbohydrates which may be included in the composition of the present infant milk may be any ose or oside known to those skilled in the art as being suitable for nutrition human, typically infantile.
• carbohydrates may be selected from lactose, maltodextrins or glucose syrup, sucrose, fructose, and glucose.
• mineral salts, vitamins and other nutrients that may be present in the infant anti-regurgitation milk according to the invention include vitamin A, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin D, in particular vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol ), vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin C, folic acid, thiamine, inositol, riboflavin, niacin, biotin, pantothenic acid, choline, calcium, phosphorus, iodine, iron, magnesium, copper, zinc, manganese, chlorine, potassium, sodium, selenium, chromium, molybdenum, taurine, and L-carnitine.
• vitamin A vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin D, in particular vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol )
• vitamin E vitamin K
• vitamin C folic acid
• thiamine inositol
• riboflavin riboflavin
• niacin biotin
• pantothenic acid choline
• the presence and the amounts of salts specific minerals and vitamins may be slightly different depending on the target population [infants (typically from birth to one year of age, eg from birth to 6 months of age) or infants (typically children under three, for example children aged 6 to 18 months)].
• the composition is advantageously in the form of a powder with reconstitute, ie, to dissolve in a drink (or in any consumable liquid), typically water or milk, for example cow's or goat's milk, before ingestion by the subject, in particular when the subject has symptoms of regurgitation and / or reflux or is likely to present regurgitant symptoms (ie the great majority of infants and young children).
• a reconstituted beverage such as a neutral pH drink, for example a milk reconstituted from a composition according to the invention in the form of powder.
• a liquid infant milk according to the invention typically a milk anti-regurgitation and / or anti-reflux, in particular not affecting the transit of the infant or the child or to restore the intestinal transit, includes a content said infant milk powder of 11 to 15% by weight, preferably 13% by weight relative to the total weight of reconstituted milk.
• a liquid concentrate prepared from a composition in the form of a powder according to the invention) that can be diluted, preferably with the aid of a liquid whose pH is close neutrality.
• a milk according to the invention in particular an anti-regurgitation and / or anti-reflux milk, preferably not affecting the transit of the infant or the child or making it possible to restore said intestinal transit, in the form of liquid concentrate, prepared from a composition in powder form according to the invention, comprises a content (ie, percentage of dry matter) of said infant milk of 25 to 50% by weight or mass, preferably 35% by weight. weight or mass.
• a content of said infant milk of 11 to 15% by weight or mass, preferably 13% by weight or by mass.
• the preservation of concentrated infant milk is advantageously ensured by sterilization in an autoclave and preferably by a UHT heat treatment followed by aseptic packaging.
• the milks according to the invention can be administered orally or enterally. They are preferably administered orally since they have, in addition to their dietary role, for example the role of preventing, limiting or even eliminating the symptoms of regurgitation and / or reflux, without altering (while preserving) intestinal transit, or even by restoring intestinal transit.
• the composition object of the invention also advantageously preserves the intestinal transit of the infant as explained in the present text.
• the viscosity of the alimentary bolus is considered satisfactory if it makes it possible to reduce, ideally, to eliminate the symptoms of regurgitation and / or reflux.
• the viscosity can be measured with a Brookfield type viscometer, with a disk-shaped (S62) or cylinder (S61) module and at rotational speeds of between 12 and 100, for example 20 and 100, rotations per minute. It is also possible to measure the flow time of a constant volume of product through a calibrated orifice.
• compositions according to the invention have:
• a viscosity of between 20 and 50 mPa.s for example between 20 and 45 mPa.s, preferably between 30 and 40 mPa.s;
• a pH below 6.5 typically between 6 and 3.5
• a viscosity of between 1600 and 150 mPa.s for example at a pH of between 6 and 5
• the compounds used in the formulation of the composition used in the context of the present invention may be in the form of a powder or in the form of an aqueous solution.
• aqueous media or “solution “aqueous” mean respectively a medium or a solution which is at least partially water.
• a particular milk according to the invention typically an anti-regurgitation and / or anti-reflux milk, in particular not affecting the transit of the infant or the child or making it possible to restore it, being in the form of a powder, comprises advantageously at least 94% dry matter, preferably at least 95% dry matter, more preferably at least 98% dry matter by weight relative to the total weight of milk in the form of powder.
• compositions typically anti-regurgitation and / or anti-reflux, in particular an infant milk, a nutritional supplement for infants or toddlers, a follow-up milk, a growth milk or a dietary food for infants or children, characterized in that it preserves the intestinal transit of the infant or the child for a combined use in the treatment of regurgitation and the prevention of intestinal abnormalities or disorders (as defined above) infant or child or for the sole treatment of abnormalities or intestinal transit disorders [as defined above] of the infant or child (ie regardless of any treatment regurgitation problem and / or reflux).
• Yet another subject of the invention relates to a composition, typically antiregurgitation and / or antireflux, in particular an infant milk, a nutritional supplement for infants or toddlers, a follow-on milk, a growth milk or a foodstuff.
• infant or child dietetic characterized in that said composition restores the intestinal transit of the infant or child for combined use in the treatment of regurgitation and / or reflux, as well as abnormalities or disorders of intestinal transit [such as previously defined] of the infant or child or for the sole treatment of abnormalities or intestinal transit disorders [as defined above] of the infant or child (ie irrespective of any treatment of regurgitation problem and / or reflux).
• the present invention also relates to a process for obtaining a composition, typically an anti-regurgitation and / or anti-reflux composition, in the form of a powder, in particular a dietary or nutritional composition as described above, preferably an infant formula, an infant formula, a follow-up milk, a growth milk or a dietetic food, even more preferably an infant anti-regurgitation milk and / or anti-reflux does not alter (or preserving or even restaurant) intestinal transit of the infant or child, as described above.
• a composition typically an anti-regurgitation and / or anti-reflux composition
• This method comprises the following steps of:
• composition whose solids content is at least 20% by weight (or mass) relative to the total weight of said composition, by mixing, with stirring, at a temperature of at least 60 ° C., constitutive elements of said composition, said elements advantageously comprising cold-soluble carob and pectins, preferably at least two pectins of different natures (even more preferably at least one low-methylated pectin and at least one a highly methylated pectin), the concentration of cold-soluble carob being advantageously less than or equal to about 1% by weight relative to the total weight of said composition,
• step d) recovering the composition obtained at the end of step c) in powder form.
• the preceding method makes it possible, unlike the methods known to date, to prepare, in a simple and effective manner, from the constituent elements of a base, typically from a base of infant milk in liquid form, a composition according to the invention, typically an infant milk, which will be dried and converted into powder.
• a composition according to the invention typically an infant milk
• the powder obtained at the end of this process is homogeneous, and the liquid composition reconstituted from such a powder has the viscosity properties, previously described, required to limit, ideally suppress, the symptoms of regurgitation and / or reflux, without altering the intestinal transit or even improving, typically in the restaurant, when it is altered.
• the composition thus obtained is typically a dietetic food intended for special medical purposes, in particular an anti-regurgitation and / or anti-reflux infant milk, which does not alter the intestinal transit, making it possible to preserve it, or ideally to improve it.
• the liquid base used to prepare it is typically a liquid dietetic food base for special medical purposes, particularly a liquid infant milk base.
• constituent elements of the composition further comprise precooked and / or pregelatinized starch.
• the dry matter content of the liquid base is at least 35% by weight relative to the total weight of liquid base.
• composition in powder form according to the invention may also advantageously be a pasteurized (or sterilized) composition.
• compositions according to the invention are particularly suitable for use in infants or children administered a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), for example chosen from omeprazole, esomeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole and rabeprazole.
• PPI proton pump inhibitor
• pasteurization means a heat treatment step causing the destruction of the germs considered as pathogenic for the subject to which the composition is intended, and more generally a decrease of the bacterial flora.
• the heat treatment is carried out at a temperature of between about 60 ° C and about 110 ° C for a time sufficient to obtain pasteurization, ie for a period of between about 15 minutes and a few seconds, for example about 25 or 30 seconds.
• the person skilled in the art is able to determine the duration adapted to a given temperature which will make it possible to obtain the desired pasteurization without destroying the composition, its nutritional properties or its anti-regurgitation and / or reflux properties.
• milk in particular, the skilled person is able to determine the conditions suitable for the preservation of proteins and vitamins.
• the process described above can thus advantageously comprise an additional application step, the liquid base obtained at the end of step a) or at the end of step b) of a treatment. at a temperature between 60 ° C and 110 ° C for a time sufficient to pasteurize the liquid base.
• This method thus makes it possible to obtain a composition, typically a pasteurized antiregurgitation and / or anti-reflux composition in the form of a powder that does not alter the intestinal transit.
• Such a composition does not present the microbiological risks (in particular for C. Sakazakii) observed during the dry blends of an infant milk base with starch or carob powder.
• a particular object of the present invention thus relates to a method or a method for the preparation of a pasteurized composition in powder form, in particular a nutritional, anti-regurgitation and / or anti-reflux composition for infants or children, and / or not altering or making it possible to restore the intestinal transit of said infant or said child, in particular an infant milk or a dietetic composition as described above, comprising the following steps of:
• step c) application, to the liquid base obtained at the end of step a) or at the end of step b), of a heat treatment at a temperature of between 60 ° C. and 110 ° C. during a sufficient time to pasteurize said base,
• step d recovering the pasteurized composition in powder form obtained at the end of step d).
• the step a) of preparing a liquid base comprises mixing, with stirring, components, ingredients or elements of interest, as described above, constituting the composition.
• the production of a liquid mixture involves the dilution of each ingredient in water.
• ingredients can be mixed in the form of powders and subsequently dissolved. They can also be mixed in solutions. It is also conceivable to add one of the components in powder form to the other component that is in solution. In this case, it is preferable to keep the component in solution while stirring during mixing with the component in the form of powder in order to limit or reduce, ideally to avoid the formation of agglomerates during mixing.
• the aqueous character of the mixture obtained at the end of step a) may come from the liquid form of the thickening agents, the liquid form of the base used and / or the addition of water to the product mixture. used in powder form.
• An agitator or a mixing unit for example a mixing pump, a defloculator, or a mixer equipped with a rotor / stator system, may advantageously be used to dissolve the different ingredients and facilitate a homogeneous base.
• step a) is preferably carried out at a temperature of at least 60 ° C, for example between about 60 ° C and 90 ° C or between about 60 ° C and 80 ° C, even more preferentially between about 70 ° C and 75 ° C. Typically, the temperature is 75 ° C.
• the liquid base obtained at the end of step a) is stirred until the homogenization step is applied, for example by means of a device such as as previously described.
• the step of homogenizing the mixed liquid base, optionally pasteurized, obtained at the end of step a) of the process according to the invention allows the fractionation of the constituent elements of said base.
• the homogenization comprises two compression steps intended to reinforce the stability of this base.
• the first fractionation stage i) is preferably carried out under a pressure of between about 100 bar and about 300 bar, the second stage ii) being preferably carried out under a pressure of between about 10 bar and about 60 bar.
• the homogenization pressure of the first stage of said homogenizer is thus typically between about 100 bar and about 300 bar, preferably between about 150 bar and about 300 bar, even more preferably between about 170 bar and about 200 bar.
• the homogenization pressure of the second stage is typically between about 10 bar and about 60 bar, preferably between about 30 bar and about 60 bar, even more preferably between about 30 bar and about 40 bar.
• the pasteurization step optionally present in the preparation process according to the invention, provides for the application, to the mixture obtained at the end of step a) or at the end of the homogenization step, of a heat treatment of between about 70 ° C and about 110 ° C, preferably between 70 ° C and 100 ° C, between 75 ° C and 100 ° C, between 75 ° C and 95 ° C, between 80 ° C and 95 ° C or between 85 ° C and 95 ° C, even more preferably between 80 ° C and 90 ° C, for a time sufficient to inactivate and destroy at least the germs considered as pathogens (including C. Sakazakii).
• the heat treatment of the pasteurization step is applied for at least 2 minutes, and preferably at most 10 minutes, when the temperature is equal to or lower than 80 ° C, for example between 75 ° C and 60 ° C and for at least 25 seconds, typically at least 1 minute, and preferably at most 5 minutes, when the temperature is at or above 85 ° C, for example, between 85 ° C and 100 ° C.
• the treatment may also be applied for a time greater than 2 minutes, and preferably less than 10 minutes, when the temperature is 75 ° C, for a period of between about 2 minutes and about 3 minutes when the temperature is 80 ° C, for a time of between about 1 minute and about 2 minutes when the temperature is 90 ° C, for a time of about 1 minute when the temperature is 95 ° C, and less than 30 seconds, typically 25 minutes. seconds, when the temperature is 100 ° C.
• the mixture, pasteurized or not, obtained at the end of the homogenization step of the process according to the invention is advantageously spray-dried in order to obtain a composition in the form of a powder comprising, as explained above, a dry extract included between 85% and 99%, preferably a solids content of at least 94%, or at least 95%, more preferably at least 98% relative to the total weight of milk in powder form.
• the mixture, pasteurized or not, obtained at the end of the homogenization step of the process according to the invention is typically introduced at the top of an atomization tower.
• the mixture is then "atomized" (transformed into an aerosol or mist) by means of an atomizing turbine or by high-pressure injection through one or more nozzles.
• the atomization is carried out under a pressure of between 120 and 230 bar, preferably between 135 and 195 bar.
• the droplets thus formed are entrained and dehydrated by a stream of hot air whose temperature is typically between 160 ° C and 240 ° C, preferably between 180 ° C and 220 ° C.
• the droplets are dried into a powder before falling on the lower walls of the apparatus.
• the wet powder-air separation is obtained for example using cyclone separators whose use is well known to those skilled in the art.
• the dewatering in the atomization tower should preferably not be complete.
• the residual moisture present in the powder composition may for example be between 6 and 14% at the bottom of the chamber. This residual moisture allows a limited and controlled agglomeration of particles which leads to the formation of granules with a porous structure.
• the dehydration can then be completed in additional devices of the fluidized bed dryer type.
• the powder can then be cooled inside a vibro-fluidized bed.
• EXAMPLE 1 Formulation The formulation of milks intended for infant feeding is most often strictly regulated by legislation setting standards of composition. Depending on the country, there may be differences of opinion, particularly because of local specificities in the practice of dietary diversification or minor modifications of nutritional optimums resulting from work or studies conducted locally. Under these conditions, the present example does not intend to represent the diversity of thickened milks formulations according to the invention.
• infant milks comprise about 10-15% protein, about 25% fat and about 50 to 65% o carbohydrates and minerals, vitamins and possibly growth factors.
• Other ingredients such as for example one or more prebiotics and / or probiotics may also be added to infant milks.
• composition / Nutritional Profile of milk
• pantothenic acid 2,4,31 mg
• the starch in particular the precooked and / or pregelatinized starch present at a low level, has no influence on the effectiveness of the formula, in particular on its viscosity.
• the starch in particular the precooked and / or pre-gelatinized starch, when it is present, undergoes, like all the ingredients constituting the composition, in particular the liquid base, a heating step at a temperature of at least 60 ° C., followed by homogenization by fractionation of the constituent elements of the composition, in particular of the liquid base, during a first step i) carried out under a pressure of between 100 and 300 bar and in a step ii) carried out under a pressure of between 10 and 60 bar.
• Such treatments inhibit or suppress any ability of the starch to thicken and impact the viscosity of the compositions according to the invention which would include starch.
• EXAMPLE 2 Process for producing a pasteurized infant milk in the form of a powder comprising i) carob soluble cold and ii) at least two pectins of different natures:
• the infant milk base comprising 37% of dry extract is prepared by mixing water preheated to 70 ° C with the various ingredients of the infant milk (said ingredients including proteins or amino acids + cold-soluble carob + weakly esterified pectins or weakly esterified and amidated pectins + strongly esterified pectins + carbohydrates + minerals + vegetable fats + vitamins + growth factors).
• the carob and the pectins are incorporated in the infant milk base kept under agitation in order to obtain their complete dissolution. The whole is kept at 70 ° C. with stirring in a double-walled tank until the homogenization stage.
• the infant milk base is then subjected to double-acting homogenization at 200/40 bars, i.e., a first homogenization step is carried out under a pressure of 200 bars and the second homogenization step is carried out under a pressure of 40 bars.
• the homogenized infant milk base is then preferably pasteurized by heat treatment at about 80 ° C for 1 to 2 minutes in order to eliminate the bacteriological risks, in particular those related to Cronobacter Sakazakii.
• the infant milk base preferably pasteurized, then undergoes a stage of atomization carried out under a pressure of 190 bar which makes it possible to obtain droplets of a sufficiently small diameter to be dried with air whose temperature at room temperature.
• the inlet to the chamber is 185 ° C and the temperature at the outlet of the chamber is 94 ° C.
• the process used here makes it possible to obtain a flow rate of 1000 and 2000 kg of powder / hour.
• Reconstituted liquid milk (ready to eat) obtained from this infant milk powder has a dry extract of about 13% in the bottle.
• the viscosity of this reconstituted milk measured at 60 rpm (rotations per minute), at 37 ° C, is between 25-45 mPa.s (mobile S61) at a pH close to neutrality and between 1502 and 145 mPa.s for a pH range ranging from 6 to 3.5.
• Reconstituted liquid milk contains 0.68% pectin and 0.065% carob in the bottle.
• EXAMPLE 3 Comparison between the viscosity of a reconstituted milk comprising a milk in powder form according to the invention the viscosity of a conventional AR milk containing starch (Novalac ® AR):
• An infant milk according to the invention is produced and collected in the form of a powder according to the manufacturing method mentioned in Example 2.
• This milk according to the invention thus comprises 4.25% of weakly esterified pectins or of weakly esterified and amidated pectins. , 1% of highly esterified pectins and 0.5%> of cold-soluble carob.
• the infantile liquid milk is then prepared, by dilution of the infant milk in the form of powder according to the invention in hot water (at 60 ° C) to 13% dry extract. Said infantile liquid milk is then cooled to 37 ° C.
• the conventional starch-based AR milk is also prepared by diluting the powder in water (also at 37 ° C) to 13% solids.
• the viscosities of the two products are then measured using a Brookfield viscometer (DV-I Prime) at the reconstitution pH (close to neutral) with a S61 mobile at 60 rpm (rotations per minute) and at a temperature of 37 ° C.
• DV-I Prime Brookfield viscometer
• Hydrochloric acid of molarity equal to 1 (1M HCl) is added to the two products reconstituted to reach a pH of 5.5.
• the viscosities of the two acidified products are then measured at 37 ° C with a mobile S61 and a speed of 60 rpm for the product Novalac AR ® and with mobile S62 and a speed of 30 rpm for infant milk formula according the invention.
• An infant milk according to the invention is produced and collected in powder form according to the manufacturing method mentioned in Example 2.
• This milk according to the invention thus contains 4.25% of weakly esterified pectins or weakly esterified and amidated pectins. , 1% highly esterified pectins and 0.5% cold soluble carob.
• the infantile liquid milk according to the invention is then produced, by dilution of the infant milk in the form of powder according to the invention in hot water (at 60 ° C) to 13% dry extract. Said infantile liquid milk is then cooled to 37 ° C.
• the AR-Digest milk based on starch and carob soluble cold is also prepared by diluting the powder in water (also at 37 ° C) to 13% dry extract.
• the viscosities of the two products are then measured using a Brookfield viscometer (DV-I Prime) at the reconstitution pH (close to neutral) with a S61 mobile at 60 rpm (rotations per minute) and at a temperature of 37 ° C.
• DV-I Prime Brookfield viscometer
• Hydrochloric acid of molarity equal to 1 (1M HCl) is added to the two products reconstituted to reach a pH of 5.5.
• the viscosities of the two acidified products are then measured at 37 ° C with a mobile S62, and a speed of 60 rpm for the product Novalac AR-Digest ® and at a speed of 30 rpm for infant milk formula according to invention.
• hydrochloric acid of molarity equal to 1 (1M HCl)
• 1M HCl hydrochloric acid
• An infant milk base is made and collected in powder form at the end of the drying tower. 4.25% weakly esterified pectins or weakly esterified and amidated pectins, 1% strongly esterified pectins and 0.5% cold soluble carob are then added by dry blending to this base in the form of a powder.
• the infantile liquid milk is then produced, by dilution of the infant milk in powder form according to the invention in hot water (at 60 ° C) to 13% dry extract. Said infantile liquid milk is then cooled to 37 ° C.
• the AR-Digest ® milk based on starch and carob soluble in cold is also prepared by diluting the powder in water (also at 37 ° C) to 13% dry extract.
• the viscosities of the two products are then measured using a Brookfield viscometer (DV-I Prime) at the reconstitution pH (close to neutral) with a S61 mobile at 60 rpm (rotations per minute) and at a temperature of 37 ° C.
• DV-I Prime Brookfield viscometer
• Hydrochloric acid of molarity equal to 1 (1M HCl) is added to the two products reconstituted to reach a pH of 5.5.
• the viscosities of the two acidified products are then measured at 37 ° C with a mobile S62, and a speed of 60 rpm for the product Novalac AR-Digest ® and at a speed of 30 rpm for infant milk formula according to invention.
• the infant milk according to the invention allows a higher efficiency in reducing the regurgitation and / or reflux of the infant or the child to pH of between 6 and 5 (pH of the stomach of the infant). infant, 15 minutes after ingestion of infant milk).
• This clinical study was performed over a period of 14 days plus or minus 2 days, that is to say over a period ranging from 12 to 16 days between the day of the first visit or day of inclusion, noted J0 , and the day of the second visit, about 14 days later, to plus or minus two days, noted J14.
• composition according to the invention whose nutritional profile corresponds to that of Table II below was prepared and collected in powder form.
• pantothenic acid 2,4,31 mg
• an infant milk base comprising 37% of dry extract is prepared by mixing water previously heated to 70 ° C with the various ingredients of the infant milk (said ingredients comprising proteins or amino acids + cold-soluble carob + weakly esterified pectins or weakly esterified and amidated pectins + strongly esterified pectins + carbohydrates + minerals + vegetable fats + vitamins + growth factors).
• the carob and the pectins are incorporated in the infant milk base kept under agitation in order to obtain their complete dissolution. The whole is kept at 70 ° C. with stirring in a double-walled tank until the homogenization stage.
• the infant milk base is then pasteurized by heat treatment at about 80 ° C for 1 to 2 minutes in order to eliminate the bacteriological risks, in particular those related to Cronobacter Sakazakii.
• the pasteurized infant milk base is then subjected to double-acting homogenization at 200/40 bar, ie, a first homogenization step is carried out at a pressure of 200 bars and the second homogenization stage is carried out under a pressure of 40 bars.
• the base of pasteurized and homogenized infant milk is then preferably subjected to a stage of atomization carried out under a pressure of 140 bars which makes it possible to obtain droplets of sufficiently small diameter to be dried with air whose temperature at the entry into the chamber is 185 ° C and the temperature at the outlet of the chamber is between 80 and 105 ° C, in particular equal to 94 ° C.
• the process used here makes it possible to obtain a flow rate of 1000 and 2000 kg of powder / hour.
• This composition obtained is then packaged in boxes.
• This composition according to the invention thus comprises 4.25% weakly esterified and amidated pectins, 1% highly esterified pectins and 0.5% carob cold soils.
• the concentration of non-hydrolysed proteins is preferably about 9% by weight (preferably about 7.2% whole caseins and 1.8% whole proteins) and the concentration of hydrolysed proteins is preferably about 3%. by weight (preferably exclusively soluble proteins), relative to the total weight of the composition.
• infants had to be at least 5 months old, be fed exclusively infant formula, have at least 5 episodes of regurgitation a day, not have started dietary diversification and not introduce a new food. in their diet within 2 weeks of inclusion.
• Gastro-Esophageal Reflux such as nausea, dysphagia, growth retardation, obvious signs of esophagitis, present intestinal disorders such as gastroenteritis or chronic diarrhea,
• Score 1: at least 3 and at most 5 episodes of regurgitation of a small volume per day (less than a teaspoon per day, ie less than 5 ml approximately)
• Score 2: more than 5 episodes of regurgitation per day, the volume of which is greater than that of a teaspoon
• Score 3: more than 5 episodes of regurgitation per day of about half the volume of the bottle consumed for less than half of the bottles consumed.
• Score 4: Continuous regurgitation of small volumes for more than 30 minutes after each bottle
• Score 5: Regurgitation of at least half the volume of the bottle consumed for at least half of the bottles consumed
• Vandenplas score has been used in several clinical studies to date and is described in several scientific publications, notably in the publication "Vandenplas Y, Hachimi-Idrissi S, Casteels A, Mahler T, Loeb H. A clinical trial with an" anti-regurgitation "formula. Eur J Pediatr. 1994; 153 (6): 419-23.
• the effect on transit was measured by assessing the mean stool consistency of infants, to be selected from hard stool, formed stool, loose or liquid stool.
• the parents of the 100 infants signed informed consent, each of the 100 infants included in the study was examined by a pediatric investigator who completed an observation book in which were reported different data, in particular, the average number of regurgitations per day, the average consistency of bowel movements and the mean Vandenplas score, averaged over the 3 days prior to the medical visit.
• the pediatrician gave the parents boxes of reconstituted milk comprising a powdered milk according to the invention in an amount sufficient to cover the needs of the infant for 2 weeks.
• the reconstituted milk comprising a powdered milk according to the invention contained in these boxes was the only feeding of the infants during the entire duration of the study.
• the parents were instructed to prepare the liquid infant milk, by diluting the infant milk in powder form according to the invention, in water at 40 ° C. at 13% dry extract and then allow to cool to about 37 ° C. They also had instructions not to change the infant's eating habits and to continue to feed him as usual. Typically, they were instructed not to change the number or volume of baby bottles and to respect infant feeding demands.
• infant milk according to the invention thus allows the restoration of intestinal transit in infants, that is to say that it is capable for these patients to restore a normal transit, preferably formed stool, when it is altered .
• composition in powder form according to the invention does not alter, preserve or even restore the intestinal transit of the subject to whom it is administered.
• the infant milk according to the invention is therefore effective as an anti-regurgitation and / or anti-reflux milk, both as regards the frequency of regurgitation and / or reflux as regards their intensity and without altering the intestinal transit , typically avoiding the infants the inconvenience associated with an alteration of the transit such as constipations, loose stools, loose stools and / or too frequent (diarrhea), and / or colic, or even by restoring the intestinal transit of said infants.

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