WO2014171375A1 - ガラス板の製造方法及びガラス板の製造装置並びにガラス板 - Google Patents
ガラス板の製造方法及びガラス板の製造装置並びにガラス板 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014171375A1 WO2014171375A1 PCT/JP2014/060289 JP2014060289W WO2014171375A1 WO 2014171375 A1 WO2014171375 A1 WO 2014171375A1 JP 2014060289 W JP2014060289 W JP 2014060289W WO 2014171375 A1 WO2014171375 A1 WO 2014171375A1
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- glass plate
- standard deviation
- images
- imaging
- strength
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
- B24B49/12—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation involving optical means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B9/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor
- B24B9/02—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground
- B24B9/06—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground of non-metallic inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain
- B24B9/08—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground of non-metallic inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain of glass
- B24B9/10—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground of non-metallic inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain of glass of plate glass
- B24B9/102—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground of non-metallic inorganic material, e.g. stone, ceramics, porcelain of glass of plate glass for travelling sheets
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/89—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination in moving material, e.g. running paper or textiles
- G01N21/892—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination in moving material, e.g. running paper or textiles characterised by the flaw, defect or object feature examined
- G01N21/896—Optical defects in or on transparent materials, e.g. distortion, surface flaws in conveyed flat sheet or rod
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a glass plate manufacturing method, a glass plate manufacturing apparatus, and a glass plate.
- the glass plate for flat panel display used for liquid crystal display or plasma display is ground (chamfered) with a chamfering grindstone at the end face in the manufacturing process.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that a glass plate is damaged depending on the degree of chipping (Dimming or Staining) or chipping that occurs on the end surface during grinding of the end surface of the glass plate.
- the end surface of a glass plate is imaged with a laser microscope, and the image is subjected to black-and-white binarization processing, so that a concave portion existing on the end surface is a white image, and a flat portion that is a mirror surface of the end surface is a black image.
- the properties (roughness, burn, chipping, etc.) of the end face of the glass plate are evaluated based on the ratio of the area of the white image to the area of the black image.
- Patent Document 2 discloses that scratches existing on the end face of the glass plate are one of the factors governing the mechanical strength (corresponding to the bending strength) of the glass plate. In order to improve this, it is disclosed to grind the end face with a grindstone having abrasive grains finer than 500 mesh.
- Patent Document 3 discloses an end face inspection method in which an end face of a glass plate is imaged and the surface roughness of the end face is inspected based on the luminance value of the image.
- the bending strength of the glass plate is inspected by a four-point bending test or a three-point bending test based on JIS R1601: 2008 or ISO 14704: 2000, and evaluated as a breaking strength.
- the bending strength of the glass plate for FPD is inspected by the above-mentioned 4-point bending test or 3-point bending test. This test is performed on one glass plate arbitrarily extracted from a plurality of glass plates in one lot. This is a test conducted. Therefore, this test is not a test for inspecting the total number of manufactured glass plates.
- Patent Documents 1 and 3 perform image processing on the end face image of the glass plate, but do not manage the bending strength of the glass plate based on the result.
- Patent Document 2 only describes the count of the grindstone (grain size of the grindstone) for preventing the bending strength of the glass plate from being lowered, and manages the bending strength of the glass plate based on the end face image of the glass plate. Not what you want.
- This invention is made
- the present invention provides a glass plate manufacturing method comprising a grinding step for grinding an end face of a glass plate, and a management step for managing the strength of the ground end face.
- the management step includes: an imaging step of imaging the end surface of the glass plate by an imaging unit; an image processing unit that performs image processing on the image of the end surface by an image processing unit to acquire an uneven image of the end surface; and the uneven image.
- a standard deviation calculation step of calculating a standard deviation of the number of pixels based on the number of pixels of the imaging unit constituting, and a bending strength conversion step of converting the standard deviation into data correlated with bending strength by the strength conversion unit. And providing a method for producing a glass plate.
- the strength of the glass plate based on the calculated standard deviation. Is managed non-destructively.
- the size of the unevenness described in the present invention is the length of the main surface at the boundary corner between the end surface and the main surface in the orthogonal direction orthogonal to the length direction of the end surface (hereinafter also referred to as width dimension).
- the width dimension can be obtained by counting the number of pixels of the imaging means that images the end face including the boundary corner. That is, by setting the length for one pixel in advance and counting the number of pixels in one column in the orthogonal direction among the plurality of pixels constituting the end face image, the width dimension for each column is determined. Obtainable.
- the main feature of the present invention is not to obtain the width dimension, but the number of pixels for each column which differs depending on the concave portion and convex portion (convex) (corresponding to a group of data when calculating the standard deviation).
- the standard deviation is to manage the bending strength of the glass sheet in a non-destructive manner.
- the imaging step the end face of the glass plate is imaged by the imaging means. That is, the end face including the boundary corner where the unevenness is present is imaged by the imaging means.
- the concavo-convex image acquisition step the image of the end face of the glass plate is subjected to image processing (monochrome binarization processing) by the image processing means, and the concavo-convex image (black image) of the end face is acquired.
- the standard deviation calculation step the standard deviation of the number of pixels is calculated by the calculation means based on the number of pixels for each column of the imaging means constituting the uneven image.
- the standard deviation is converted into data correlated with the bending strength by the strength converting means.
- the bending strength of a glass plate can be managed, without destroying a glass plate, and the fluctuation
- the bending strength corresponding to the standard deviation is stored in advance in the strength converting means.
- the bending strength data corresponding to the standard deviation stored in the strength converting means is the result of the bending test of a glass plate inspected by a four-point bending test or a three-point bending test in accordance with JIS R1601: 2008 or ISO 14704: 2000. It is the accumulated data.
- JIS R1601: 2008 or ISO 14704 2000
- the undulation or step of the main surface of the glass plate may be judged as unevenness of the end surface, or an abnormal value may occur due to a defect such as a crack, so the end surface of the glass plate is in the length direction. It is preferable to divide and image in.
- the plurality of unevennesses in the plurality of unevenness images of the end surface obtained by dividing the standard deviation calculating step by the imaging unit and acquired in the unevenness image acquiring step, the plurality of unevennesses.
- a first standard deviation is calculated for each image, a plurality of the first standard deviations are averaged, and the averaged second standard deviation is set as the standard deviation.
- the plurality of uneven images in the plurality of uneven images of the end face obtained by dividing the standard deviation calculation step by the imaging unit and acquired in the uneven image acquisition step, the plurality of uneven images
- the first standard deviation is calculated and the median value of the plurality of first standard deviations is set as the standard deviation.
- the plurality of uneven images are preferably set such that adjacent uneven images partially overlap.
- the entire end face can be imaged without omission by partially overlapping the uneven images of the adjacent end faces.
- the glass plate which has end surface strength more than desired can be sent to a subsequent process.
- the plurality of uneven images are preferably set so that adjacent uneven images do not overlap.
- the present invention includes a case where adjacent uneven images do not overlap, for example, a case where adjacent uneven images are connected, and a case where an interval is provided between adjacent uneven images.
- count of imaging of the end surface by an imaging means can be reduced with respect to 1 side of the same length of a glass plate, and the time spent on a management process can be shortened.
- the glass plate has a rectangular shape, and the standard deviation is calculated at end faces of four sides of the glass plate.
- the reliability of the strength of the glass plate is improved.
- the glass plate is preferably a glass plate for a flat panel display.
- the bending strength of glass plates for flat panel displays that require high quality can be managed entirely on a mass production basis.
- a glass plate manufacturing apparatus that automatically executes a management process of a glass plate manufacturing method of the present invention in accordance with a preprogrammed process in order to achieve the object. To do.
- the bending strength of a glass plate can be managed without destroying the glass plate, and in the glass plate manufacturing process, the fluctuation of the bending strength of the glass plate can be entirely managed online. it can.
- One aspect of the present invention provides a glass plate that is inspected by the management process of the method for producing a glass plate of the present invention, and that has an average strength of 110 MPa or more.
- a glass plate that guarantees an average strength of 110 MPa or more in a four-point bending test based on JIS R1601: 2008 or ISO 14704: 2000.
- the glass plate is preferably a glass plate for a flat panel display.
- the strength of the glass plate can be managed without breaking the glass plate, and the bending strength of the glass plate can be changed. All of them can be managed online.
- a glass plate with guaranteed strength can be provided.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a glass sheet strength management apparatus according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the strength management apparatus shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a side view of the strength management apparatus shown in FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of the imaging unit illustrated in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory view schematically showing an image for one shot of the end face of the glass plate.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory view showing an end face image of the glass plate.
- FIG. 7 is an explanatory view showing an end face image of the glass plate.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the end portion of the glass plate.
- FIG. 9A and FIG. 9B are correlation diagrams showing the relationship between the standard deviation of the end face and the 4-point bending strength.
- the glass plate manufacturing method and glass plate manufacturing apparatus of the present invention are a manufacturing method and manufacturing method including a management process for managing the bending strength of a glass plate particularly suitable for FPD based on a standard deviation described later.
- Device the end surface of the glass plate that has undergone the step of grinding the end surface of the glass plate (the surface including the boundary corner between the end surface and the main surface) is imaged by an imaging means such as a CCD camera, and the image of the end surface is captured.
- the standard deviation is calculated based on the number of pixels, and the calculated standard deviation is converted into the bending strength of the glass plate.
- variation of the bending strength of a glass plate is managed on-line entirely, without destroying a glass plate.
- the glass plate of the present invention is a glass plate managed by the glass plate manufacturing method and the glass plate manufacturing apparatus of the present invention and having a standard deviation of 6.5 ⁇ m or less, and is JIS R1601: 2008 or ISO 14704. : It is a glass plate for FPD in which an average strength of 110 MPa or more (see FIG. 9) is guaranteed in a 4-point bending test based on 2000.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a strength management device 10 for a glass plate 20 mounted on a glass plate manufacturing apparatus according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the strength management apparatus 10 shown in FIG.
- the intensity management apparatus 10 includes an imaging unit 12, a control unit 16 including an image processing means 14 (see FIG. 2), and a glass plate detection unit 18.
- the intensity management device 10 images the upper end surface a and the lower end surface b of the end surface of the glass plate 20 by the imaging unit 12 (see FIG. 4).
- two imaging units 12 are provided to face opposite end surfaces 21A and 21B of the glass plate 20, and the upper end surface a and the lower end surface b of the end surfaces 21A and 21B are simultaneously imaged.
- the glass plate 20 changes the conveyance direction in a direction perpendicular to the horizontal direction with respect to the conveyance direction of the glass plate 20 indicated by the arrow A, and arranges another imaging unit 12 facing the end surface 22A.
- the other imaging unit 12 may be disposed opposite the end surface 22B.
- the FPD glass plate 20 is a non-alkali glass that contains almost no alkali component, is excellent in low expansion coefficient, high heat resistance, etc., and has a thickness of 0.2 mm to 0.7 mm.
- the glass plate for (LCD) is illustrated, it is not limited to this.
- a glass plate for a plasma display (PD), a field emission display (FED), and an organic EL display may be used.
- the said thickness is an example and is not limited to the said thickness.
- the size of the glass plate 20 is the third generation glass plate (550 mm ⁇ 650 mm), the fourth generation glass plate (680 mm ⁇ 880 mm), the fifth generation glass plate (1000 mm ⁇ 1200 mm), the sixth generation glass plate ( 1500 mm ⁇ 1800 mm), 7th generation glass plate (1900 mm ⁇ 2200 mm), 8th generation glass plate (2200 mm ⁇ 2400 mm), 9th generation glass plate (2400 mm ⁇ 2800 mm), and 10th generation glass plate (2800 mm)
- the present invention can be applied without any problem.
- the glass plate 20 of the seventh generation or more has a greater effect of reducing the loss in the mass production process, and can greatly increase the production efficiency in a special machining process such as mirror finishing.
- a rotating grindstone chamfering grindstone
- a processing surface is arranged so as to face the end face of the glass plate 20 is pressed against the end surface of the glass plate 20.
- the horizontal process which processes an end surface, or a buff process is mentioned. Any of the processing methods can achieve high-quality end surface processing, and can maintain a constant throughput without reducing the processing speed of the processing step.
- ⁇ Conveying system of glass plate 20> 3 is a side view of the imaging unit 12 viewed from the end surface 21A side of the glass plate 20 conveyed by a plurality of conveying rollers 46, 46. 3, three transport rollers 46, 46... Are shown, but four or more transport rollers 46 are arranged.
- the plurality of transport rollers 46, 46... Support the lower surface 23B of the glass plate 20, and horizontally transport the glass plate 20 in the direction of arrow A by the rotation of the transport rollers 46, 46.
- the imaging unit 12 is disposed between adjacent conveyance rollers 46 and 46.
- the glass plate 20 is transported to the strength management device 10 by the transport roller 46 after passing through a grinding part for grinding the end face in the manufacturing process and then through a cleaning / drying process.
- the standard deviation and strength information of the end face of the glass plate 20 obtained by the strength management device 10 are fed back to the grinding portion disposed in the previous stage of the manufacturing process, so that the grinding wheel replacement information and the processing condition change information are obtained. Etc.
- the imaging unit 12 illustrated in FIG. 1 includes a main body 26 having a concave portion 24, and the end surfaces 21 ⁇ / b> A and 21 ⁇ / b> B of the glass plate 20 pass through a space surrounded by the concave portion 24.
- the imaging unit 12 includes cameras 28 and 30 that perform transmissive imaging, a light source 32 and a collimating lens 34 corresponding to the camera 28, and a light source 36 and a collimating lens 38 corresponding to the camera 30.
- the imaging unit 12 images the upper end surface a (see FIG. 4) including the boundary corner (one side) between the end surface 21 ⁇ / b> A and the upper surface 23 ⁇ / b> A of the glass plate 20 with the camera 28 from the diagonally upward direction.
- the lower end surface b (see FIG. 4) including the boundary corner (one side) between the end surface 21A and the lower surface 23B of the plate 20 is imaged obliquely from below.
- the imaging part 12 by the side of the end surface 21B is also comprised with the imaging part 12 by the side of the end surface 21A.
- the main body 26 is illustrated in a form in which the position is shifted by 90 degrees with respect to the vertical axis.
- the angle formed by the vertical direction with respect to the upper surface 23A and the lower surface 23B of the glass plate 20 and the imaging direction (optical axis) of the cameras 28 and 30 is set to 14 °.
- the angle is not limited to 14 °, but by setting the angle to 14 °, for example, interference between the camera 28 and the light source 36 and the collimating lens 38, or between the camera 30 and the light source 32 and the collimating lens 34. Interference can be prevented.
- the positions of the cameras 28 and 30 may be slightly shifted along the conveyance direction of the glass plate 20.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the configuration of the imaging unit 12.
- FIG. 4 shows the cameras 28 and 30, the light source 32 and the collimating lens 34 corresponding to the camera 28, and the light source 36 and the collimating lens 38 corresponding to the camera 30 when viewed from the conveyance direction side of the glass plate 20. The arrangement position of is shown.
- the glass plate 20 is conveyed by the conveyance roller 46, and the end surface 21 ⁇ / b> A of the glass plate 20 passes through the space surrounded by the recessed portion 24 of the imaging unit 12. Moreover, in FIG. 4, the location where the grinding process was performed by the chamfering grindstone in the end surface 21A is shown by the thick line. In FIG. 4, only the imaging unit 12 on the side of the end surface 21 ⁇ / b> A is illustrated, but the imaging unit 12 having the same configuration is also disposed on the end surface 21 ⁇ / b> B across the conveyance path of the glass plate 20.
- the camera 28 is disposed on the upper surface 23A side of the glass plate 20, and images the end surface 21A of the glass plate 20 from the upper surface 23A side.
- the light source 32 corresponding to the camera 28 is disposed so as to face the camera 28 through the recessed portion 24, and irradiates light toward the camera 28. Then, when the light passes through the collimating lens 34, parallel light enters the camera 28.
- the light emitted from the light source 32 enters the vicinity of the end face 21A of the glass plate 20 through the collimator lens 34 as parallel light, and the light passing through the glass plate 20 enters the camera 28. Therefore, the camera 28 images the upper end surface a of the end surface 21A of the glass plate 20 by transmissive imaging.
- the camera 30 is disposed on the lower side of the glass plate 20, and images the end surface 21A of the glass plate 20 from the lower side.
- the light source 36 corresponding to the camera 30 is disposed so as to face the camera 30 through the recessed portion 24, and irradiates light toward the camera 30. Then, the parallel light enters the camera 30 as the light passes through the collimating lens 38.
- the light emitted from the light source 36 is incident as parallel light near the end face 21 ⁇ / b> A of the glass plate 20 through the collimator lens 38, and the light that has passed through the glass plate 20 is incident on the camera 30. Therefore, the camera 30 images the lower end surface b of the end surface 21A of the glass plate 20 by transmissive imaging.
- the upper end surface a and the lower end surface b can be imaged simultaneously.
- the control unit 16 illustrated in FIG. 2 controls the imaging interval of one shot of the cameras 28 and 30 to, for example, millisecond intervals. That is, the cameras 28 and 30 capture images by dividing the end surfaces 21A and 21B in the length direction of the end surfaces 21A and 21B (the length direction of one side of the glass plate).
- the imaging interval is set based on the conveyance speed of the glass plate 20, the size of the imaging elements of the cameras 28 and 30, and the number of pixels. Further, the imaging interval is preferably an imaging interval capable of imaging the entire end surfaces 21A and 21B of the glass plate 20. Specifically, it is preferable to set so that adjacent images partially overlap among the plurality of divided images. In addition, you may set so that an adjacent image may not overlap.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory view schematically showing an image for one shot of the end face of the glass plate 20.
- the range indicated by the arrow B in FIG. 5 indicates a predetermined calculation range shifted by one pixel in the length direction of the end faces 21A and 21B. All the arrows B have the same length.
- a calculation / control means (calculation means) 42 described later a standard deviation is calculated for each calculation range, and an average value of a plurality of standard deviations obtained is calculated as a moving standard deviation (Moving Standard Deviation: first). Standard deviation). Then, a median value (second standard deviation) is calculated from the moving standard deviations of a plurality of one-shot images constituting one side, and the median value is output as an evaluation value (standard deviation) for that side.
- control unit 16 includes an image processing unit 14, a display device 40, a calculation / control unit 42 such as an MPU or CPU incorporating a storage unit such as a RAM or a ROM, an intensity conversion unit 44, and the like. ing.
- the image processing unit 14 obtains a concavo-convex image by performing black and white binarization processing (image processing) on the images P and Q of the end faces of the images shown in FIGS.
- the end face images P and Q are displayed on the display device 40.
- FIG. 6 The end surface of FIG. 6 is ground by a grinding wheel having a smaller count (grinding stone particle size) than the end surface of FIG. 7, and according to the image P of FIG. 6, the unevenness is clearer than the image Q of FIG. It is displayed.
- the image of FIG. 6 includes a white image R1 on the upper side and a white image S1 on the lower side across the image P on the end face.
- the image of FIG. 7 also has a white image r1 on the upper side and a white image s1 on the lower side with the image Q on the end face in between.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an end portion of the glass plate 20. The relationship between the cross-sectional view of FIG. 8 and the image of FIG. 6 will be described.
- the white images R1 and r1 shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 are images (spatial images) of the imaging region 1 in FIG.
- the end face images P and Q shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 are images of the imaging region 2 in FIG.
- the white images S1 and s1 shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 are images of the imaging region 3 in FIG. 8 (images of the lower surface 23B of the glass plate 20).
- boundary corners 5 and 6 between the white images R1 and r1 of FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 and the images P and Q of the end surfaces are the boundary corners (ridge line portions) 5 that exist in the approximate center of the end surface 21A of FIG. , 6.
- boundary corner portions 7 and 8 between the white images S1 and s1 and the end face images P and Q in FIGS. 6 and 7 are the boundary corner portions (ridge line portions) 7 and 8 between the end surface 21A and the lower surface 23B in FIG. It is. According to FIGS. 6 and 7, it can be seen that irregularities are generated at the boundary corners 7 and 8.
- the calculation / control unit 42 executes the program of the intensity management method of the present invention stored in advance in the storage unit in a prescribed order. Thereby, a standard deviation described later is calculated from the images P and Q of the end face of the glass plate 20. An operator who monitors the strength management device 10 manages the strength of the glass plate based on the calculated standard deviation. Information can also be given to the previous grinding process based on the standard deviation.
- Strength converting means 44 converts the standard deviation into a numerical value (data) that correlates with bending strength.
- the standard deviation, its variation, and the numerical value are preferably displayed in a graph on the display device 40.
- the glass plate detection unit 18 shown in FIG. The glass plate detection unit 18 detects that the end surface 22A on the traveling direction side of the glass plate 20 has passed the vicinity of the arrangement position of the glass plate detection unit 18.
- the glass plate detection unit 18 is disposed on the upstream side of the conveyance path of the glass plate 20 with respect to the imaging unit 12, and the end surface 22A of the glass plate detection unit 18 is directly below the glass plate detection unit 18. Detects passing.
- the control unit 16 controls the imaging start timing of the cameras 28 and 30, and the cameras 28 and 30 are connected to the end surfaces 21A and 21B of the glass plate 20, respectively. The imaging of is performed.
- the strength management device 10 shown in FIG. 1 images the end face by fixing the cameras 28 and 30 in order to take an image of the end face of the glass plate 20 being conveyed in the glass plate manufacturing process.
- the cameras 28 and 30 may be moved along the length direction of the end faces 21A and 21B (the length direction of one side of the glass plate) to image the end faces 21A and 21B. Further, the entire end face may be imaged by one-shot imaging of the cameras 28 and 30.
- the intensity management method executed by the intensity management device 10 is an imaging process in which the end faces 21A and 21B of the glass plate 20 are imaged by the cameras 28 and 30, and the images of the end faces 21A and 21B are binarized by the image processing means 14, A concavo-convex image acquisition step for acquiring the concavo-convex images of the end faces 21A and 21B, a standard deviation calculation step for calculating the standard deviation of the number of pixels based on the number of pixels of the cameras 28 and 30 constituting the concavo-convex image, etc. I have.
- the focus of the present invention is that minute edges generated at the boundary corners between the end surfaces 21A, 21B of the glass plate 20 and the upper surfaces 23A, 23B of the glass plate 20 when the end surfaces 21A, 21B of the glass plate 20 are ground.
- the unevenness (see FIGS. 6 and 7) is that there is a correlation with the bending strength of the glass plate 20. That is, the standard deviation of the size of the unevenness in the orthogonal direction (width direction) orthogonal to the length direction of the end surfaces 21A and 21B of the glass plate 20 is correlated with the bending strength of the glass plate 20.
- the standard calculated by the calculation / control means 42 is used.
- the purpose is to manage the strength of the glass plate 20 in a non-destructive manner based on the deviation.
- the size of the unevenness is represented by a length (width dimension) in an orthogonal direction orthogonal to the length direction of the end face of the glass plate 20.
- the concave portions C and the convex portions D, E, F, G, and H generated in the end faces 21A and 21B are exaggerated.
- the length J of the concave portion C, the lengths K, L, M, N, and O of the convex portions D, E, F, G, and H are the camera 28 that images the end faces 21A and 21B, It can be obtained by counting 30 pixels. That is, the length of one pixel is set in the storage unit of the control unit 16 in advance, and the number of pixels in one column in the width direction of the end surfaces 21A and 21B among the plurality of pixels constituting the image of the end surfaces 21A and 21B is By counting each time, the length (width dimension) for each row can be obtained.
- the main feature of the strength management method of the present invention is not to obtain the width dimensions of the end faces 21A and 21B but to index the unevenness of the end faces 21A and 21B. That is, in order to index the concave portion C and the convex portions D, E, F, G, and H, the standard deviation with the calculation range as B is calculated. Further, the management accuracy increases as the resolution of the cameras 28 and 30 is increased.
- the bending strength of the glass plate 20 can be increased without breaking the glass plate 20. While being manageable, in the manufacturing process of the glass plate 20, it is possible to manage all the fluctuations in the bending strength of the glass plate 20 online.
- the first standard deviation is calculated for each of the plurality of concavo-convex images in the plurality of concavo-convex images of the end faces 21A and 21B that are divided and imaged by the cameras 28 and 30 and processed. It is preferable to average a plurality of first standard deviations and use the averaged second standard deviation as an evaluation value (standard deviation) of the side.
- the end faces 21A and 21B are divided and imaged as described above.
- the first standard deviation is calculated for each of the plurality of divided uneven images, the plurality of first standard deviations are averaged, and the averaged second standard deviation is used in the bending strength conversion step. Use the evaluation value (standard deviation).
- the end surfaces 21A and 21B are divided and imaged by the cameras 28 and 30, and a first standard deviation is calculated for each of the uneven images of the plurality of end surfaces 21A and 21B subjected to image processing.
- the median value of the deviation may be an evaluation value (standard deviation) used in the bending strength conversion process.
- the divided uneven images are preferably set by overlapping adjacent uneven images, but may not be overlapped.
- the entire end faces 21A and 21B can be imaged without omission. Thereby, only the glass plate 20 which has end surface strength more than desired can be sent to a subsequent process.
- the case where adjacent uneven images do not overlap includes the case where adjacent uneven images are connected and the case where there is a space between adjacent uneven images.
- the strength management method it is preferable to calculate the standard deviation at the end faces of the four sides of the glass plate 20. Thereby, since a standard deviation is calculated in the end surface of all the sides of the glass plate 20, the reliability of the intensity
- the strength management method of the embodiment to the FPD glass plate 20
- the bending strength of the FPD glass plate that requires high quality can be managed on a mass production basis.
- control unit 16 of the strength management apparatus 10 includes strength conversion means 44.
- the bending strength corresponding to the standard deviation is stored in advance in the storage unit of the strength converting means 44.
- the bending strength data corresponding to the stored standard deviation is data in which the bending test results of the glass plate inspected by the four-point bending test or the three-point bending test in accordance with JIS R1601: 2008 or ISO 14704: 2000 are accumulated. It is.
- 9 (a) and 9 (b) are correlation diagrams showing the relationship between the standard deviation ⁇ (edge surface deviation) of the end face of the glass plate and the average strength P of 4-point bending.
- the horizontal axis is the standard deviation of the end face
- the vertical axis is the four-point bending strength
- the standard deviation is provided to provide a glass plate for FPD that guarantees an average strength of 110 Mpa or more.
- a glass plate having a standard deviation of more than 6.5 ⁇ m is evaluated as a defective product.
- the numerical value of 6.5 ⁇ m which is a pass / fail threshold, varies depending on the type of glass plate such as non-tempered glass or tempered glass, and the use of glass plates for building materials, vehicles, and the like.
- the standard deviation and the bending strength of the glass plate have an inversely proportional relationship, that is, the bending strength of the glass plate tends to decrease as the standard deviation increases. Further, since the standard deviation and the bending strength have a one-to-one correspondence, and the bending strength has a width having a lower limit value and an upper limit value, it is preferable to manage the standard deviation by the lower limit value.
- SYMBOLS 10 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Strength management apparatus of glass plate, 12 ... Imaging part, 14 ... Image processing means, 16 ... Control part, 18 ... Glass plate detection part, 20 ... Glass plate, 21A, 21B, 22A, 22B ... End face, 23A ... Upper surface , 23B ... lower surface, 24 ... recessed portion, 26 ... main body, 28, 30 ... camera, 32 ... light source, 34 ... collimating lens, 36 ... light source, 38 ... collimating lens, 40 ... display device, 42 ... calculation / control means 44 ... Strength converting means, 46 ... Conveying roller
Abstract
Description
図1は、実施の形態のガラス板の製造装置に搭載された、ガラス板20の強度管理装置10の斜視図である。図2は、図1に示した強度管理装置10の構成を示したブロック図である。
以下の説明では、FPD用ガラス板20として、アルカリ成分をほとんど含まず、低膨張率、高耐熱性等に優れた無アルカリガラスであって、厚さが0.2mm~0.7mmの液晶ディスプレイ(LCD)用ガラス板を例示するが、これに限定されるものではない。例えば、プラズマディスプレイ(PD)、フィールドエミッションディスプレイ(FED)、及び有機ELディスプレイ用ガラス板であってもよい。また、前記厚さは一例であって上記厚さに限定されるものではない。
図3は、複数本の搬送ローラ46、46…によって搬送されるガラス板20の端面21A側から撮像部12を見た側面図である。図3では、3本の搬送ローラ46、46…を図示しているが、搬送ローラ46は4本以上配置されている。複数本の搬送ローラ46、46…はガラス板20の下面23Bを支持し、搬送ローラ46、46…の回転によってガラス板20を矢印A方向に水平搬送する。撮像部12は、隣接する搬送ローラ46、46の間に配置されている。
図1に示す撮像部12は、凹み(concave)部位24を備えた本体部26を有し、凹み部位24に囲まれる空間をガラス板20の端面21A、21Bが通過する構成となっている。そして、撮像部12は、透過型撮像を行うカメラ28、30と、カメラ28に対応する光源32及びコリメートレンズ34と、カメラ30に対応する光源36及びコリメートレンズ38とを備える。撮像部12は、カメラ28によって、ガラス板20の端面21Aと上面23Aとの境界隅部(1辺)を含む上端面a(図4参照)を斜め上方向から撮像し、カメラ30によって、ガラス板20の端面21Aと下面23Bとの境界隅部(1辺)を含む下端面b(図4参照)を斜め下方向から撮像する。
図2に示す制御部16は、カメラ28、30の1ショットの撮像間隔を、例えばミリ秒間隔に制御する。すなわち、カメラ28、30は、端面21A、21Bの長さ方向(ガラス板の1辺の長さ方向)において端面21A、21Bを分割して撮像する。撮像間隔は、ガラス板20の搬送速度、カメラ28、30の撮像素子のサイズ及び画素数に基づいて設定される。また、撮像間隔は、ガラス板20の端面21A、21Bの全面を撮像可能な撮像間隔が好ましい。具体的には、分割された複数の画像において、隣接する画像が一部重複するように設定されることが好ましい。なお、隣接する画像が重複しないように設定されてもよい。
図1に示した強度管理装置10は、ガラス板製造工程で搬送中のガラス板20の端面を撮像するために、カメラ28、30を固定して端面を撮像しているが、ガラス板20が停止している場合には、カメラ28、30を端面21A、21Bの長さ方向(ガラス板の1辺の長さ方向)に沿って移動させて端面21A、21Bを撮像してもよい。また、カメラ28、30の1ショットの撮像で全端面を撮像してもよい。
強度管理装置10が実行する強度管理方法は、ガラス板20の端面21A、21Bをカメラ28、30によって撮像する撮像工程、端面21A、21Bの画像を画像処理手段14によって白黒二値化処理し、端面21A、21Bの凹凸画像を取得する凹凸画像取得工程、凹凸画像を構成するカメラ28、30の画素数に基づいて画素数の標準偏差を演算・制御手段42によって演算する標準偏差演算工程等を備えている。
本出願は、2013年4月18日出願の日本特許出願2013-087341に基づくものであり、その内容はここに参照として取り込まれる。
Claims (10)
- ガラス板の端面を研削加工する研削加工工程と、研削加工された前記端面の強度を管理する管理工程とを備えたガラス板の製造方法において、
前記管理工程は、
前記ガラス板の端面を撮像手段によって撮像する撮像工程と、
前記端面の画像を画像処理手段によって画像処理し、前記端面の凹凸画像を取得する凹凸画像取得工程と、
前記凹凸画像を構成する前記撮像手段の画素数に基づいて前記画素数の標準偏差を演算手段によって演算する標準偏差演算工程と、
前記標準偏差を強度変換手段によって曲げ強度に相関するデータに変換する曲げ強度変換工程と、
を備えることを特徴とするガラス板の製造方法。 - 前記標準偏差演算工程は、前記撮像手段によって分割して撮像され、かつ前記凹凸画像取得工程にて取得された前記端面の複数の凹凸画像において、前記複数の凹凸画像毎に第1の標準偏差を演算し、複数の前記第1の標準偏差を平均化し、平均化した第2の標準偏差を前記標準偏差とする請求項1に記載のガラス板の製造方法。
- 前記標準偏差演算工程は、前記撮像手段によって分割して撮像され、かつ前記凹凸画像取得工程にて取得された前記端面の複数の凹凸画像において、前記複数の凹凸画像毎に第1の標準偏差を演算し、複数の前記第1の標準偏差の中央値を前記標準偏差とする請求項1に記載のガラス板の製造方法。
- 前記複数の凹凸画像は、隣接する凹凸画像が一部重複するように設定される請求項2又は3に記載のガラス板の製造方法。
- 前記複数の凹凸画像は、隣接する凹凸画像が重複しないように設定される請求項2又は3に記載のガラス板の製造方法。
- 前記ガラス板は矩形状であり、前記ガラス板の4辺の端面において前記標準偏差を演算する請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載のガラス板の製造方法。
- 前記ガラス板がフラットパネルディスプレイ用ガラス板である請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載のガラス板の製造方法。
- 請求項1から7のいずれか1項に記載のガラス板の製造方法の管理工程を予めプログラムされた工程に従って自動的に実行することを特徴とするガラス板の製造装置。
- 請求項1から7のいずれか1項に記載のガラス板の製造方法の管理工程によって検査されたガラス板であって、平均強度が110MPa以上であることを特徴とするガラス板。
- 前記ガラス板がフラットパネルディスプレイ用ガラス板である請求項9に記載のガラス板。
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