WO2014168122A1 - 共重合体及びそれからなる親水性材料 - Google Patents
共重合体及びそれからなる親水性材料 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014168122A1 WO2014168122A1 PCT/JP2014/060118 JP2014060118W WO2014168122A1 WO 2014168122 A1 WO2014168122 A1 WO 2014168122A1 JP 2014060118 W JP2014060118 W JP 2014060118W WO 2014168122 A1 WO2014168122 A1 WO 2014168122A1
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- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
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- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
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- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a hydrophilic copolymer having antifogging properties, antifouling properties and antistatic properties and excellent in abrasion resistance and weather resistance, a composition containing the copolymer, and a cured product obtained therefrom. (E.g. membranes), as well as their uses.
- Non-Patent Documents 2 and 3 An antifouling material having a cleaning property (antifouling property) has attracted attention.
- the present inventors have proposed a cured product (single layer film) in which an anionic hydrophilic group is inclined (concentrated) on the surface as a proposal for solving the problems of “cloudiness” and “dirt” (patent document). 1).
- the cured product (film) obtained by this invention is transparent and highly hydrophilic, and has excellent antifogging properties, antifouling properties, antistatic properties, quick drying properties (fast drying speed of attached water), and chemical resistance. Moreover, it is hard and has excellent scratch resistance.
- it has been found that there is room for improvement in wear resistance and weather resistance.
- Non-Patent Document 4 a method of coating an inorganic compound on the substrate surface.
- a typical example is a method of hard-coating a spectacle lens with a silica compound by a sol-gel reaction (Non-Patent Document 4).
- the hard coat of silica compound is very hard due to its dense structure, and its wear resistance is comparable to glass, but on the other hand, the hard coat is easy to break, difficult to dye, easily cloudy, easily adhere to dirt. There are problems such as being easily fixed.
- Patent Document 2 a method of blending a melamine polyhydric alcohol condensate and a silane compound having an epoxy group into silica
- Patent Document 3 a method of blending an epoxy compound and an aluminum complex into silica
- Patent Document 4 a method of blending an acrylic polymer having a hydroxyl group with silica
- Patent Document 5 As a method for imparting antifogging properties, a method of blending a styrene-based sulfonic acid polymer with silica (Patent Document 5) has been proposed.
- a water-dispersible resin composition for steel sheet coating a polymerizable unsaturated monomer having an epoxy group, a polymerizable unsaturated monomer having an acid group such as a sulfonic acid group, and a polymerizable unsaturated group having a hydroxyl group
- a copolymer resin (A) obtained by emulsion-polymerizing a monomer and a polymerizable unsaturated monomer having a hydrolyzable silyl group in an amount of 0.1 to 10 wt% based on the total amount of the monomer A composition (Patent Document 6) in which a compound (B) and a silane coupling agent (C) are blended is known.
- a polymerizable unsaturated monomer containing no epoxy group, acid group or hydroxyl group, a polymerizable unsaturated monomer having an epoxy group, and an acid group such as a sulfonic acid group A polymerizable unsaturated monomer, a polymerizable unsaturated monomer having a hydroxyl group, a polymerizable unsaturated monomer having a hydrolyzable silyl group, and a polymerizable unsaturated monomer having a cyclic ureido group having a specific structure,
- Patent document 7 is known.
- Patent Document 5 The proposal described in Patent Document 5 is a preferable proposal that tends to increase the hydrophilicity, but the polymer tends to be detached from the film, and the hydrophilicity tends to decrease due to water. In fact, it has been found by the present inventors that there is a problem that it is difficult to withstand use in a scene where anti-fogging properties and anti-fouling properties (self-cleaning with rainwater, etc.) are required. .
- An object of the present invention is to provide a cured product (for example, a film) excellent in the balance between hydrophilicity and abrasion resistance, having little decrease in hydrophilicity due to water, and having excellent weather resistance, and a weight capable of obtaining the cured product. It is to provide a polymer and polymer composition.
- a copolymer (i) having a sulfonic acid-containing group, an epoxy group, and an alkoxysilyl group in the molecule and those copolymers (i And a cured product (for example, a film) obtained from a composition containing a small amount of water), has a good balance between hydrophilicity and abrasion resistance, has little decrease in hydrophilicity due to water, and has excellent weather resistance. Reached.
- a 1 represents a single bond, a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a group represented by the following formula (1-1), or a group represented by the following formula (1-2).
- a 2 represents a single bond, a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a group represented by the following formula (2-1), or a group represented by the following formula (2-2).
- a 3 represents a single bond, a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a group represented by the following formula (3-1), or a group represented by the following formula (3-2).
- R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- R 4 independently represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, or a butyl group
- R 10 represents a hydrogen atom.
- n and n 2 are independently 1 to 10 is an integer, n 1 is an integer from 0 to 10, m is an integer from 1 to 6, m 1 is an integer from 0 to 6, l is an integer from 0 to 4, and R 5 And R 6 independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, * represents an end on the side bonded to SO 3 M, ** represents an end on the side bonded to an epoxy group, and *** represents an Si atom.
- the side edge is shown.
- R 10 represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, or a butoxy group;
- M represents a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal ion, a half-valent alkaline earth metal ion, an ammonium ion, or an amine ion.
- copolymer (i) according to item [1] or [2], wherein the copolymer (i) has a weight average molecular weight of 500 to 3,000,000 as measured by GPC.
- a composition comprising the copolymer (i) according to any one of items [1] to [3].
- X 1 and X 2 each independently represent a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a halogen atom
- R 11 to R 14 are each independently a hydroxyl group, a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a vinyl group, an allyl group, a phenyl group, a 2-phenyl-ethyl group, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- q is an integer of 0 to 10,000.
- the cured product obtained from the copolymer of the present invention and the composition containing the copolymer, for example, a film has a good balance between hydrophilicity and abrasion resistance, has little decrease in hydrophilicity due to water, and also has good weather resistance. Are better. Therefore, various laminates obtained by laminating the film of the present invention on a substrate or the like can also be provided.
- the copolymer (i) of the present invention is characterized by including structural units represented by the following formulas (1), (2) and (3).
- R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- R 4 independently represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, or a butyl group
- R 10 represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, or a butoxy group.
- M represents a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal ion, a half-valent alkaline earth metal ion, an ammonium ion, or an amine ion.
- a 1 is a single bond, a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a group represented by the following formula (1-1), or a formula (1-2)
- a 2 represents a single bond, a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a group represented by the following formula (2-1), or a formula (2-2)
- a 3 represents a single bond, a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a group represented by the following formula (3-1), or a formula (3-2) Indicates a group.
- n is an integer of 1 to 10
- m is an integer of 1 to 6.
- n 1 is an integer of 0 to 10.
- n 2 is an integer of 1 to 10
- m 1 is an integer of 0 to 6.
- l is an integer of 0-4.
- R 5 and R 6 independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- * is an end portion on the side bonded to SO 3 M
- ** is bonded to an epoxy group
- *** represents an end portion on the side bonded to the Si atom.
- the copolymer (i) exhibits hydrophilicity and crosslinking reactivity by including the above-mentioned structural unit. From the copolymer (i) or the composition containing the copolymer (i), hydrophilicity and abrasion resistance are exhibited. A cured product, such as a film, which is excellent in balance, has little decrease in hydrophilicity due to water, and has excellent weather resistance can be produced.
- a 1 in the above formula (1) is preferably a single bond, methylene, phenylene, a group represented by the above formula (1-1), or a group represented by the above formula (1-2).
- the group represented by 1-2) is more preferable.
- M in the above formulas (1) and (4) is a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal ion, a half-valent alkaline earth metal ion, an ammonium ion, or an amine ion, but in the resulting copolymer (i)
- SO 3 M is not in the form of a free acid, and among these M, alkali metal ions, half-valent alkaline earth metal ions, ammonium ions, and amine ions are preferable.
- alkali metal ion sodium ion, potassium ion, and rubidium ion are preferable.
- alkaline earth metal ions calcium ions and magnesium ions are preferable.
- ammonium ion tetrahydroammonium ion (NH4 + ) is preferable.
- the amine ion include trihydro-methylamine ion, trihydro-ethylamine ion, trihydro-propylamine ion, trihydro-isopropylamine ion, trihydro-butylamine ion, trihydro-cyclohexylamine ion, trihydro-benzylamine ion, dihydro-dimethylamine.
- Ions, hydro-triethylamine ions, trihydro-ethanolamine ions, dihydro-diethanolamine ions, hydro-triethanolamine ions are preferred.
- a 2 in the above formula (2) a group represented by the above formula (2-1) and a group represented by the above formula (2-2) are preferable, represented by the above formula (2-1). Are more preferred.
- a 2 in the above formula (2) is a group represented by the formula (2-1)
- the structural unit represented by the above formula (2) is a structural unit represented by the following formula (5A) It becomes.
- a 3 in the above formula (3) is preferably a single bond, methylene, phenylene, or a group represented by the above formula (3-1), and preferably a group represented by the above formula (3-1). More preferred.
- the structural unit represented by the above formula (3) is a structural unit represented by the following formula (6). It becomes.
- A is in the range of 0.998 to 0.001
- b is in the range of 0.001 to 0.998
- c is in the range of 0.001 to 0.998.
- the ratio a of the structural units having a sulfonic acid-containing group represented by the formula (1) may be increased.
- the ratio of the structural unit of the formula (1) is too high, the ratio of the structural units of the formulas (2) and (3) having a group contributing to the crosslinking reaction is relatively lowered, and the copolymer (i ), Or the crosslink density of a cured product (for example, a film) formed from the composition containing the copolymer (i) is decreased, and thus the toughness, wear resistance, chemical resistance, etc. tend to be decreased. May be undesirable.
- the structural unit ratio of each structural unit is such that a is in the range of 0.990 to 0.400, b is in the range of 0.005 to 0.300, and c is in the range of 0.005 to 0.300.
- a is in the range of 0.990 to 0.600
- b is in the range of 0.005 to 0.200
- c is more preferably in the range of 0.005 to 0.200
- a is in the range of 0.980 to
- the range is 0.700
- b is in the range of 0.010 to 0.150
- c is in the range of 0.010 to 0.150.
- the weight of all the structural units of the formulas (1), (2) and (3) is 100% by weight, A ′ is 99.0 to 20.
- a ′ is 99.0 to 20.
- a ′ is the weight% of the structural unit of formula (2)
- b ′ is the weight% of the structural unit of formula (2)
- c ′ is the weight% of the structural unit of formula (3).
- the range is 0% by weight
- c' is in the range of 0.5-40.0% by weight
- the range is 0% by weight, b 'is in the range of 0.5 to 30.0% by weight, c' is in the range of 0.5 to 30.0% by weight, and a 'is in the range of 98.0 to 60%. Most preferably, it is in the range of 0.0 wt%, b 'is in the range of 1.0 to 20.0 wt%, and c' is in the range of 1.0 to 20.0 wt%.
- Examples of the polymer containing the structural unit represented by the formulas (1) to (3) include a polymerizable functional group having a carbon-carbon double bond corresponding to the structural unit represented by the formula (1) and SO. 3
- a compound having an M group, a compound having a polymerizable functional group and an epoxy group having a carbon-carbon double bond corresponding to the structural unit represented by the formula (2), and a structure represented by the formula (3) It is obtained by polymerizing a mixture containing a polymerizable functional group having a carbon-carbon double bond corresponding to a unit and a compound having an alkoxysilyl group.
- the structural unit ratios represented by the above formulas (1) to (3) and the weight% of the structural units are represented by the compound corresponding to the structural unit represented by the formula (1) and the formula (2). It can control by the preparation ratio in the case of superposition
- Examples of the compound having a polymerizable functional group having a carbon-carbon double bond corresponding to the structural unit represented by the formula (1) and an SO 3 M group include compounds represented by the following general formula (1 ′). It is done.
- R 1, A 1, and M have the same meanings as those of the above formula (1), these preferred embodiments are also the same.
- a sulfonic acid compound having a vinyl group a sulfonic acid compound having an allyl group, a sulfonic acid compound having an isopropenyl group, and a sulfonic acid compound having a styryl group
- Acryloyloxy group or methacryloyloxy group hereinafter, acryloyloxy and methacryloyloxy may be collectively referred to as (meth) acryloyloxy.
- Acrylic and methacrylic may be collectively referred to as (meth) acrylic)
- a sulfonic acid compound having an acrylamide group or a methacrylamide group (hereinafter, acrylamide and methacrylamide may be collectively referred to as (meth) acrylamide); Is preferred.
- sulfonic acid compound having a vinyl group vinyl sulfonic acid, lithium vinyl sulfonate, sodium vinyl sulfonate, potassium vinyl sulfonate, rubidium vinyl sulfonate, ammonium vinyl sulfonate and the like are preferable.
- sulfonic acid compound having an allyl group allyl sulfonic acid, sodium allyl sulfonate, potassium allyl sulfonate and the like are preferable.
- sulfonic acid compound having an isopropenyl group sodium isopropenyl sulfonate, potassium isopropenyl sulfonate and the like are preferable.
- sulfonic acid compounds having a styryl group examples include 4-styrene sulfonic acid, lithium 4-styrene sulfonate, sodium 4-styrene sulfonate, sodium 3-styrene sulfonate, sodium 2-styrene sulfonate, 4-styrene sulfonic acid. Potassium, potassium 3-styrenesulfonate, potassium 2-styrenesulfonate, rubidium 4-styrenesulfonate, calcium 4-styrenesulfonate, magnesium 4-styrenesulfonate, ammonium 4-styrenesulfonate, and the like are preferable.
- Examples of sulfonic acid compounds having a (meth) acryloyloxy group include sulfomethyl (meth) acrylate sodium salt, 2-sulfoethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-sulfoethyl (meth) acrylate sodium salt, 2-sulfoethyl (meth) acrylate potassium salt 3-sulfopropyl (meth) acrylate, 3-sulfopropyl (meth) acrylate sodium salt, 3-sulfopropyl (meth) acrylate potassium salt, 3-sulfopropyl (meth) acrylate rubidium salt, 3-sulfopropyl (meth) Acrylate calcium salt, 3-sulfopropyl (meth) acrylate magnesium salt, 3-sulfopropyl (meth) acrylate ammonium salt, 6-sulfohexyl (meth) acrylate potassium salt, 10-sulfode (Meth) acrylate
- sulfonic acid compound having a (meth) acrylamide group a compound represented by the following formula (4 ′) is preferable.
- R 1, R 5, R 6, M, and n 1 have the same meanings as those above formula (4), these preferred embodiments are also the same.
- Examples of the compound represented by the above formula (4 ′) include 1- (meth) acrylamide-methanesulfonic acid, 1- (meth) acrylamide-potassium methanesulfonate, 2- (meth) acrylamide-ethanesulfonic acid, 2- (Meth) acrylamide-sodium ethanesulfonate, 2- (meth) acrylamide-propanesulfonic acid, 2- (meth) acrylamide-potassium propanesulfonate, 2- (meth) acrylamide-2-methyl-propanesulfonic acid ((meta ) Acrylamide-t-butylsulfonic acid), 2- (meth) acrylamide-2-methyl-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt, 2- (meth) acrylamide-2-methyl-propanesulfonic acid potassium salt, 2- (meth) acrylamide -2-Methyl-propanesulfonic acid rubidium salt 2- (meth) acrylamide-2-methyl-propa
- an acid compound having a (meth) acrylamide group is preferable, a compound represented by the above formula (4 ′) is more preferable, and 2- (meth) acrylamide-2-methyl-propylsulfone is preferable.
- M is preferably an alkali metal ion other than a hydrogen atom, a half-valent alkaline earth metal ion, an ammonium ion, or an amine ion in the compound represented by the general formula (1 ′) will be described.
- alkali metal ions that tend to have high reaction inhibition power and stability tend to be preferable.
- alkali metals sodium or potassium is preferable, and potassium is more preferable. The reason is not clear, but when the counter cation is potassium, the thermal stability may be higher than that of sodium.
- DSC chart thermal stability comparison data
- Examples of the compound having a polymerizable functional group having a carbon-carbon double bond corresponding to the structural unit represented by formula (2) and an epoxy group include compounds represented by the following general formula (2 ′).
- R 2 and A 2 have the same meanings as those in the above formula (2), and preferred embodiments thereof are also the same.
- an epoxy compound having a vinyl group an epoxy compound having a vinyl ether group, an epoxy compound having an allyl ether group, an epoxy compound having an isopropenyl ether group, and an epoxy having a styryl group
- an epoxy compound having a (meth) acryloyloxy group is relatively preferred.
- epoxy compound having a vinyl group vinyl-cyclohexene monooxide, butadiene-monooxide, pentadiene-monooxide, hexadiene-monooxide and the like are preferable.
- epoxy compounds having a vinyl ether group examples include vinyl glycidyl ether, butanediol-divinyl ether monooxide, cyclohexanedimethanol-divinyl ether monooxide, 4-glycidyloxymethyl-1-vinyloxymethyl-cyclohexane, diethylene glycol-divinyl ether monooxide. Tripropylene glycol-divinyl ether monoxide, 4-vinyloxy-1-glycidyloxy-butane and the like are preferable.
- Examples of the epoxy compound having an allyl ether group include allyl-glycidyl ether, allyl-epoxy ether, butanediol-diallyl ether monooxide, cyclohexanedimethanol-diallyl ether monooxide, 4-glycidyloxymethyl-1-allyloxymethyl-cyclohexane.
- Diethylene glycol-diallyl ether monooxide, tripropylene glycol-diallyl ether monooxide, 4-allyloxy-1-glycidyloxy-butane and the like are preferable.
- Examples of the epoxy compound having an isopropenyl ether group include isopropenyl glycidyl ether, isopropenyl epoxy ether, butanediol-diisopropenyl ether monooxide, cyclohexanedimethanol-diisopropenyl ether monooxide, 4-glycidyloxymethyl-1- Isopropenyloxymethyl-cyclohexane, diethylene glycol-diisopropenyl ether monooxide, tripropylene glycol-diisopropenyl ether monooxide, 4-isopropenyloxy-1-glycidyloxy-butane and the like are preferable.
- epoxy compounds having a styryl group examples include divinylbenzene-monooxide, 4-glycidyloxy-styrene, 3-glycidyloxy-styrene, 2-glycidyloxy-styrene, 4-epoxyoxy-styrene, styrylcarboxylic acid epoxy ester, styryl. Carboxylic acid glycidyl ester and the like are preferable.
- epoxy compound having a (meth) acryloyloxy group a compound represented by the following formula (5 ′) is preferable.
- Examples of the compound represented by the above formula (5 ′) include glycidyl- (meth) acrylate, epoxy- (meth) acrylate, 2-glycidyloxy-ethyl- (meth) acrylate, 3-glycidyloxy-propyl- ( (Meth) acrylate, 4-glycidyloxy-butyl- (meth) acrylate, 6-glycidyloxy-hexyl- (meth) acrylate, 5-glycidyloxy-3-oxapentyl- (meth) acrylate, 3-glycidyloxy-2- Hydroxy-propyl- (meth) acrylate, 2,3-bis (glycidyloxy) -propyl- (meth) acrylate, trimethylolpropane-diglycidyl ether- (meth) acrylate, ⁇ 4-glycidyloxyphenyl ⁇ - ⁇ (4 -(Meth) acryloyloxy-3 -
- an epoxy compound having a (meth) acryloyloxy group, an epoxy compound having an allyl ether group, and an epoxy compound having a styryl group are preferable, and glycidyl (meth) acrylate, 4- Glycidyloxy-butyl- (meth) acrylate, allyl glycidyl ether, and 4-glycidyloxystyrene are more preferable.
- Examples of the compound having a polymerizable functional group having a carbon-carbon double bond corresponding to the structural unit represented by the formula (3) and an alkoxysilyl group include compounds represented by the following general formula (3 ′). .
- R ⁇ 3 >, R ⁇ 4 >, R ⁇ 10 > and A ⁇ 3 > are synonymous with the thing of said formula (3), and these preferable aspects are also the same.
- An alkoxysilyl compound having an isopropenyl ether group, an alkoxysilyl compound having a styryl group, and an alkoxysilyl compound having a (meth) acryloyloxy group are relatively preferred.
- alkoxysilyl compounds having a vinyl group examples include vinyl-trimethoxysilane, vinyl-triethoxysilane, vinyl-tripropoxysilane, vinyl-triisopropoxysilane, vinyl-tributoxysilane, vinyl-methyldimethoxysilane, and vinyl-phenyl. Dimethoxysilane, vinyl-ethyldiethoxysilane, vinyl-diethylmonoethoxysilane, vinyl-dimethylmonobutoxysilane and the like are preferable.
- alkoxysilyl compound having a vinyl ether group vinyloxy-ethyltrimethoxysilane, vinyloxy-propyltrimethoxysilane and the like are preferable.
- alkoxysilyl compounds having an allyl group include allyltrimethoxysilane, allyltriethoxysilane, allyltripropoxysilane, allyltriisopropoxysilane, allyltributoxysilane, isopropenyltriethoxysilane, allylmethyldimethoxysilane, allylphenyldimethoxy.
- Silane, allylethyldiethoxysilane, allyldiethylmonoethoxysilane, allyldimethylmonobutoxysilane and the like are preferable.
- alkoxysilyl compound having an allyl ether group allyloxy-ethyltrimethoxysilane, allyloxy-propyltrimethoxysilane, allyloxy-propyltriethoxysilane and the like are preferable.
- alkoxysilyl compound having an isopropenyl ether group isopropenyloxy-propyltriethoxysilane and the like are preferable.
- alkoxysilyl compound having a styryl group styryl-trimethoxysilane, styryl-triethoxysilane, styryl-tributoxysilane, styryl-methyldimethoxysilane and the like are preferable.
- alkoxysilyl compound having a (meth) acryloyloxy group a compound represented by the following formula (6 ′) is preferable.
- R ⁇ 3 >, R ⁇ 4 >, R ⁇ 10 > and n are synonymous with the thing of said formula (6).
- Examples of the compound represented by the above formula (6 ′) include (meth) acryloyloxy-ethyltrimethoxysilane, (meth) acryloyloxy-propyl-trimethoxysilane, and (meth) acryloyloxy-butyl-trimethoxysilane.
- an alkoxysilyl compound having a vinyl group an alkoxysilyl compound having a styryl group, and an alkoxysilyl compound having a (meth) acryloyloxy group are preferable.
- Vinyl-trimethoxysilane More preferred are vinyl-triethoxysilane, styryl-trimethoxysilane, styryl-triethoxysilane, (meth) acryloyloxy-propyl-trimethoxysilane, and (meth) acryloyloxy-propyl-triethoxysilane.
- the copolymer (i) may contain other structural units other than the structural units represented by the general formulas (1) to (3).
- the other structural unit can be obtained, for example, by further adding a compound corresponding to the other structural unit to the monomer mixture containing the compounds represented by the above (1 ′) to (3 ′) and polymerizing. Can do.
- Examples of compounds corresponding to other structural units include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, methyl (meth) acrylate, butyl (meth) acrylate, isobornyl (meth) acrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl (meth) acrylate, and phenyl (meth) acrylate.
- Tribromophenyl (meth) acrylate Tribromophenyl (meth) acrylate, hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl phosphate (meth) acrylate, tetramethylpiperidyl (meth) acrylate, perfluorooctylethyl (meth) acrylate, thioglycidyl (meth) acrylate, styrene
- Examples include acrylonitrile, divinylbenzene, and allyl (meth) acrylate.
- divinylbenzene and allyl (meth) acrylate it is desirable to use it in a small quantity so that the copolymer (i) may not be gelled.
- the ratio (molar ratio) (a + b + c) / d of the total amount (a + b + c) of the structural units represented by the formulas (1), (2) and (3) to the other structural unit (d) is usually 100 / The range is 0 to 30/70, more preferably 100/0 to 50/50, and still more preferably 100/0 to 60/40.
- the molar ratio (a + b + c) / d is usually in the range of 99.9 / 0.1 to 30/70, more preferably 99/1 to 50. / 50, more preferably 95/5 to 60/40.
- (a + b + c) / d is 70/30 or more, preferably 80/20 or more.
- the ratio (mass ratio) (Wa + Wb + Wc) / Wd of the total amount (a + b + c) of the structural units represented by the formulas (1), (2), and (3) to the other structural unit (d) is 100 / 0 to 30/70 may be preferable. In this case, 100/0 to 50/50 is more preferable, and 100/0 to 60/40 is more preferable.
- the copolymer (i) used in the present invention is typically a compound represented by the formula (1 ′), a compound represented by the formula (2 ′), a compound represented by the formula (3 ′), In addition, a mixture containing a compound corresponding to another constituent unit contained as necessary is obtained by solution polymerization in the presence of a polymerization initiator.
- a polymerization initiator there is no restriction
- the number of repeating structural units and the molecular weight of the copolymer (i) used in the present invention are mainly controlled by the type of solvent, the concentration of the compound (monomer), the amount of polymerization initiator, the reaction temperature, and the like.
- the number of repeating structural units of the copolymer (i) is usually in the range of 1 to 10,000, preferably in the range of 3 to 3,000, and more preferably in the range of 30 to 1,500.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) by GPC of the copolymer (i) is usually in the range of 500 to 3,000,000, but preferably 1000 to 1,000,000 from the viewpoint of durability and solubility. More preferably, it is 10,000 to 500,000.
- the Mw / Mn of the copolymer (i) used in the present invention is usually 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 6, and more preferably 1 to 4.
- Mw / Mn is within this range, the copolymer (i) or the composition containing the copolymer (i) has excellent solubility or dispersibility in a solvent, and the resulting cured product, for example, transparency of the film or It tends to be excellent in smoothness and the like.
- a radical polymerization initiator is preferable.
- the radical polymerization initiator include nitriles such as azobisisobutyronitrile; Ketone peroxides such as methyl isobutyl ketone peroxide and cyclohexanone peroxide; Diacyl peroxides such as isobutyryl peroxide, o-chlorobenzoyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide; Dialkyl peroxides such as tris (t-butylperoxy) triazine and t-butylcumyl peroxide; Peroxyketals such as 2,2-bis (4,4-di-t-butylperoxycyclohexyl) propane and 2,2-di (t-butylperoxy) butane; ⁇ -cumylperoxyneodecanoate, t-butylperoxypivalate, 2,4,4-trimethylpentylperoxy-2-ethyl
- the addition amount of these polymerization initiators is included in the compound represented by the formula (1 ′), the compound represented by the formula (2 ′), the compound represented by the formula (3 ′), and others as necessary. Is approximately in the range of 0.01 to 10 wt%, preferably in the range of 0.1 to 5 wt%, more preferably in the range of 0.2 to 3 wt%, with respect to the total weight of the compounds corresponding to .
- the polymerization solvent is not particularly limited as long as it does not cause problems such as inhibiting the polymerization reaction, but the compound represented by the formula (1 ′), the compound represented by the formula (2 ′), the formula (3) A highly polar solvent having a high solubility of the compound represented by ') and a compound corresponding to another constituent unit contained as necessary tends to be good.
- Examples of such a polymerization solvent include methanol, ethanol, isopropanol (IPA), 1-propanol, 1-butanol, cyclohexanol, benzyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, propylene glycol monomethyl ether and other alcohols, acetonitrile, Aprotic polar solvents such as sulfolane, dimethyl sulfoxide, N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), N, N-dimethylimidazolidinone (DMI), water, and mixtures thereof Etc.
- IPA isopropanol
- 1-propanol 1-butanol
- cyclohexanol benzyl alcohol
- ethylene glycol propylene glycol
- propylene glycol monomethyl ether and other alcohols
- acetonitrile acetonitrile
- Aprotic polar solvents such as sulfo
- the polymerization temperature is mainly set by the 10-hour half-life temperature of the radical polymerization initiator, but is generally in the range of room temperature to 200 ° C, preferably in the range of 30 to 120 ° C, more preferably in the range of 40 to 100 ° C. It is.
- the copolymer (i) may be used as a cured product, film or laminate for applications requiring high transparency, an amorphous polymer (with low crystallinity) having high transparency. , Tm (melting point) is not measured, or heat of fusion is small, which corresponds to an amorphous polymer or a latent crystalline polymer).
- Such a highly transparent copolymer (i) can be produced, for example, by setting each constituent unit ratio of formulas (1) to (3) within a desired range.
- a higher order structure such as a core / shell structure
- these core / shell structures generally tend to be micron-sized particles. It tends to become secondary particles and eventually become large micron-sized particle aggregates.
- these micron-sized core / shell structures have a particle size that exceeds a quarter wavelength (about 100 nm) of light, so that light is scattered and transparency is lowered. Can not be used.
- the copolymer (i) used in the present invention does not form a higher order structure such as a core shell.
- the core-shell structure formed of two kinds of polymers or polymer raw materials or the like tends to have two Tg (glass transition points) observed.
- Such a copolymer (i) that does not form a higher-order structure can be prepared, for example, by solution polymerization in which a compound (monomer) serving as each constituent unit is dissolved in a solvent.
- the copolymer (i) thus produced is usually a high molecular weight body having a large number of sulfonic acid-containing groups, and often has a property of being soluble only in water. Therefore, in this case, unless a large amount of water is used as the polymerization solvent, the copolymer is precipitated from the polymerization solution as the polymerization reaction proceeds.
- the desired copolymer can be obtained simply by filtering and drying.
- the copolymer in which the copolymer is difficult to precipitate from the polymerization solution and has a small number of sulfonic acid-containing groups, the copolymer is deposited in a poor solvent, or the solvent is distilled off with an evaporator, etc.
- the desired copolymer is obtained by stirring, filtering and drying.
- the copolymer (i) of the present invention (a schematic diagram of a typical copolymer is represented by the following general formula (10)) has a reactive epoxy group and an alkoxysilyl group in its molecule
- a crosslinking reaction such as a condensation reaction represented by the following general formulas (11) to (14)
- a cured product such as a film is formed.
- the reaction of an epoxy group and an alkoxysilyl group usually proceeds by heating.
- a curing method other than heating for example, a method of curing by irradiating a microwave which is a kind of radiation can be cited.
- the reaction occurring in each group will be described in detail.
- the reaction between epoxy groups is represented by the general formula (11), and it is preferable to react by heating.
- the heating temperature is approximately in the range of 30 to 250 ° C, preferably in the range of 30 to 200 ° C, and more preferably in the range of 30 to 150 ° C.
- This reaction between epoxy groups tends to be accelerated by the presence of a catalyst typified by a cation such as an acid and an anion such as a base.
- an epoxy group and an alkoxysilyl group hardly react directly, and usually a reaction occurs between a silanol group obtained by hydrolyzing an alkoxysilyl group and an epoxy group.
- the reaction between the epoxy group and the alkoxysilyl group is also preferably performed by heating.
- the heating temperature is approximately in the range of 30 to 300 ° C, preferably in the range of 50 to 250 ° C, and more preferably in the range of 100 to 200 ° C.
- the hydrolysis reaction of the alkoxysilyl group and the reaction between the epoxy group and the silanol group tend to be accelerated by the presence of a catalyst typified by a cation such as an acid and an anion such as a base. Even when such a catalyst is used, it is preferable to react by heating.
- the heating temperature is approximately in the range of 30 to 250 ° C, preferably in the range of 30 to 200 ° C, and more preferably in the range of 30 to 180 ° C.
- reaction formula between alkoxysilyl groups is represented by the general formula (13), and it is preferable to react by heating.
- the heating temperature is approximately in the range of 30 to 250 ° C, preferably in the range of 30 to 200 ° C, and more preferably in the range of 30 to 180 ° C.
- the alkoxysilyl group is hydrolyzed relatively easily by moisture and converted into a silanol group.
- This silanol group is highly reactive, and the reaction between silanol groups occurs more easily than the reaction between alkoxysilyl groups. Therefore, the reaction between alkoxysilyl groups is usually carried out as a reaction between silanol groups hydrolyzed by moisture, or a reaction between a silanol group and an alkoxysilyl group.
- the reaction between the silanol groups and the reaction between the silanol group and the alkoxysilyl group are preferably performed by heating.
- the heating temperature is approximately in the range of 30 to 200 ° C, preferably in the range of 30 to 180 ° C, and more preferably in the range of 30 to 150 ° C.
- Reactions between alkoxysilyl groups, hydrolysis reactions of alkoxysilyl groups, reactions between alkoxysilyl groups and silanol groups, and reactions between silanol groups include cations such as acids, anions such as bases, alkoxy titanium and tin oxide, etc.
- the reaction tends to be accelerated by the presence of a catalyst typified by a metal compound.
- the cured product (for example, film) of the present invention can be prepared from the copolymer (i), but the reactive compound other than the copolymer (i) and the copolymer (i) A cured product may be produced from the composition.
- the weight ratio of the reactive compound other than copolymer (i) / copolymer (i) is in the range of approximately 99.9 / 0.1 to 0.1 / 99.9, preferably 99.99.
- the range is 1 / 0.1 to 0.1 / 99.9, more preferably 99/1 to 1/99, and still more preferably 90/10 to 10/90.
- Examples of the reactive compound other than the copolymer (i) include a silane compound having a hydrolyzable group other than the copolymer (i), a compound having an epoxy group other than the copolymer (i), and a hydroxyl group.
- Examples thereof include reactive compounds such as compounds, compounds having a mercapto group, compounds having a carboxyl group, compounds having an amino group, and acid anhydrides.
- the silane compound having a hydrolyzable group is a silane compound in which 1 to 4 groups (alkoxy group or halogen atom) that can be converted into a hydroxyl group (silanol group) by hydrolysis are bonded to Si atom.
- An acid anhydride is a compound having one or more carboxylic anhydride structures.
- a polyvalent epoxy compound having two or more epoxy groups in the molecule is preferable.
- the polyvalent epoxy compound include bisphenol A bis (glycidyl ether), bisphenol F bis (glycidyl ether), hydrogenated bisphenol A bis (glycidyl ether), N, N ′, N ′′ -trisglycidyl-isocyanurate, Isocyanurate-based polyglycidyl ether (Nissan Chemical TEPIC-PAS B22, TEPIC-PAS B26), phenol novolac polyglycidyl ether (DIC Corporation N-730, Mitsubishi Chemical 152), 1.1.2.2.
- the reaction in the reaction route (B) is mainly performed in the reaction of the above formula (20) (reaction with the epoxy group of the copolymer (i)).
- the reaction in the reaction route (G) mainly occurs and curing occurs.
- the compound having a hydroxyl group is preferably a polyvalent hydroxyl compound having two or more hydroxyl groups.
- examples of other valent hydroxyl compounds include ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, glycerin, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, xylylenediol, resorcin, bisphenol A, and phenol formaldehyde resin (Mitsui Chemicals).
- a condensation reaction product of melamine and formaldehyde a condensation reaction product of melamine, formaldehyde and lower alcohol, a condensation reaction product of urea and formaldehyde, a condensation reaction product of urea, formaldehyde and lower alcohol.
- Other examples of the compound having a hydroxyl group include a condensation reaction product of melamine and lower alcohol, a condensation reaction product of urea and lower alcohol, and the like. Since these are easily hydrolyzed with water to generate hydroxyl groups, they can be used as the compounds having a hydroxyl group of the present invention.
- the reaction in the reaction route (C) is performed in the reaction of the above formula (20) (reaction with the epoxy group of the copolymer (i)).
- the reaction in the reaction route (H) mainly occurs and curing occurs.
- the compound having a mercapto group is preferably a polyvalent mercapto compound having two or more mercapto groups.
- examples of other valent mercapto compounds include glycerin dithioglycolate, trimethylolpropane tris (thioglycolate), pentaerythritol tetrakis (thioglycolate), dipentaerythritol hexakis (thioglycolate), glycerin di 3-mercaptopropionate, trimethylolpropane tris (3-mercaptopropionate), pentaerythritol tetrakis (3-mercaptopropionate), dipentaerythritol hexakis (3-mercaptopropionate), Ethanedithiol, bis (2-mercaptoethyl) sulfide, xylylenedithiol, 1,4-dithian-2,5-dithiol, 1,4-
- reaction route (D) When a compound having a carboxyl group is used as the reactive compound, in the reaction of the above formula (20) (reaction with the epoxy group of the copolymer (i)), the reaction in the reaction route (D) is performed. In the reaction of the above formula (21) (reaction with the alkoxysilyl group of the copolymer (i)), the reaction in the reaction route (I) mainly occurs and curing occurs.
- the compound having a carboxyl group is preferably a polyvalent carboxyl compound having two or more carboxyl groups.
- carboxyl compounds include maleic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, itaconic acid, citraconic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, 5-hydroxy-isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, oxydiphthalic acid, naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, trimellitic acid , Pyromellitic acid, L-aspartic acid and the like.
- reaction route (E) When a compound having an amino group is used as the reactive compound, in the reaction of the above formula (20) (reaction with the epoxy group of the copolymer (i)), the reaction in the reaction route (E) is performed. In the reaction of the above formula (21) (reaction with the alkoxysilyl group of the copolymer (j)), the reaction in the reaction route (I) mainly occurs and curing occurs.
- the compound having an amino group is preferably a polyvalent amino compound having two or more amino groups.
- examples of other-valent amino compounds include phenylenediamine, toluylenediamine, bis (aminodiphenyl) methane, 2.2-bis (aminodiphenyl) -propane, naphthalenediamine, xylylenediamine, ethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, N, N′-bis (2-aminoethyl) amine, bis (aminomethyl) norbornane, isophoronediamine, bis (aminodicyclohexyl) methane, L-glutamine, L-arginine, L-alanine-L-glutamine, L-cystine, L -Citrulline and the like.
- the reaction in the reaction route (G) mainly occurs in the reaction of the above formula (20) (reaction with the epoxy group of the copolymer (i)).
- the reaction in the reaction route (L) mainly occurs and curing occurs.
- acid anhydride examples include maleic anhydride, succinic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, citraconic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, oxydiphthalic anhydride, naphthalenedicarboxylic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, pyromellitic anhydride, and the like. It is done.
- a silane compound having a hydrolyzable group is preferable, and a silane compound (ii) represented by the following general formula (7) is more preferable.
- a silane compound having a hydrolyzable group other than the silane compound (ii) a compound having an epoxy group other than the copolymer (i), and a hydroxyl group.
- the silane compound (ii) is used in combination with at least one compound selected from a compound having a compound, a compound having a mercapto group, a compound having a carboxyl group, a compound having an amino group, and an acid anhydride. .
- the crosslink density of the cured product formed from the composition is improved, and a tougher cured product, for example, a film Can be easily manufactured.
- q is an integer of 0 to 10,000, preferably an integer of 0 to 100, more preferably an integer of 0 to 10.
- R 11 to R 14 are each independently a hydroxyl group, a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a vinyl group, an allyl group, a phenyl group, a 2-phenyl-ethyl group, carbon Represents an alkoxy group of 1 to 4 or a halogen atom;
- X 1 and X 2 each independently represent a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a halogen atom.
- X 1 , X 2 and R 11 to R 14 are a hydroxyl group
- the hydroxyl group is a silanol group bonded to a Si atom, so that the reactivity is high.
- a reaction involving a silane compound (ii) and a reaction to form a siloxane bond (Si—O—Si) by dehydration condensation between silanol groups contained in the copolymer (i) and the silane compound (ii). Reaction of the silanol group contained and the epoxy group in the copolymer (i) may occur.
- X 1 , X 2 , and R 11 to R 14 are alkoxy groups or halogen atoms, they have the same reactivity as hydroxyl groups.
- alkoxy groups or halogen atoms are hydrolyzed to hydroxyl groups (silanol groups). )
- a reaction involving a silanol group similar to that described above may occur.
- the alkoxy group is less reactive than the hydroxyl group, when heated at a relatively high temperature (approximately 100 ° C. or more), a direct condensation reaction occurs, forming a siloxane bond (Si—O—Si). Reactions can occur.
- X 1 , X 2 , and R 11 to R 14 bonded to the Si atom are a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, or a halogen atom
- the silane compound (ii) and the copolymer (i) Crosslinking reaction between the silane compound (ii) and the silane compound (ii) can occur, and the composition containing the copolymer (i) and the silane compound (ii) can be cured.
- R 11 to R 14 are a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a vinyl group, an allyl group, a phenyl group, or a 2-phenyl-ethyl group, Since it is not involved, it can contribute to prevention of cracking and imparting toughness of the resulting cured product, but the hardness of the cured product can also be reduced.
- the physical properties, such as hardness, of the resulting cured product can be controlled by the type and ratio of the groups consisting of X 1 , X 2 , and R 11 to R 14 .
- a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a vinyl group, an allyl group, a phenyl group, per Si atom contained in the silane compound (ii) is preferably 2 or less, more preferably 1 or less.
- a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and a halogen atom (a group or atom capable of causing a reaction involving a silanol group) and a siloxane bond per Si atom contained in the silane compound (ii) The total number is preferably 2 to 4, more preferably 3 to 4.
- a hydrogen atom an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a vinyl group, an allyl group, a phenyl group, and 2-phenyl-ethyl
- the total number of groups is usually 0 or more and 2 or less, preferably 0 or more and 1 or less, and preferably 0. One.
- a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a vinyl group, an allyl group, a phenyl group, and a 2-phenyl-ethyl group (a group in which a reaction involving a silanol group cannot occur) Is generally 0 or more and 2 ⁇ (m + 1) or less, preferably 0 or more and (m + 1) or less.
- silane compound (ii) examples include tetraalkoxysilanes such as tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetrapropoxysilane, and tetrabutoxysilane; Hydrotrimethoxysilane, methyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, ethyltriethoxysilane, propyltriethoxysilane, butyltriethoxysilane, phenyltrimethoxysilane, phenyltriethoxysilane, (2-phenyl-ethyl) trimethoxysilane Trialkoxysilanes such as vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, allyltrimethoxysilane, allyltriethoxysilane; Dimethyldimethoxysilane, dihydrodimethoxysilane, dimethyldimethoxysilane, dimethyld
- silane compound having a hydrolyzable group other than the silane compound (ii) examples include a silane coupling agent.
- silane coupling agent examples include vinyltrichlorosilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, 2- (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) ethyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, and 3-glycidyl.
- silane coupling agents having an epoxy group such as 2- (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) ethyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidyloxypropyltriethoxy Silane, 3-glycidyloxypropyl-methyl-dimethoxysilane and the like are relatively preferably used.
- an epoxy group such as 2- (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) ethyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidyloxypropyltriethoxy Silane, 3-glycidyloxypropyl-methyl-dimethoxysilane and the like are relatively preferably used.
- the hydrolyzable silane compound such as the silane compound (ii) includes a reaction of a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a halogen atom contained in the compound (for example, hydrolysis reaction, dehydration condensation reaction of silanol group).
- a reaction of a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a halogen atom contained in the compound for example, hydrolysis reaction, dehydration condensation reaction of silanol group.
- an acid catalyst or a base catalyst may be used.
- Examples of the acid catalyst include hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, trifluoroacetic acid, acetic acid, phosphoric acid, boric acid, boron trifluoride, tin oxide, and tetraalkoxy titanium.
- Examples of the base catalyst include sodium hydroxide, sodium alkoxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonia, primary amine, secondary amine, tertiary amine and the like.
- the addition amount of the acid catalyst or the base catalyst is in the range of 0.1 to 10% by weight with respect to the total of the copolymer (i) and the silane compound (ii).
- the range of 0.2 to 5% by weight is more preferable, and the range of 0.3 to 3% by weight is more preferable.
- a cured product for example, a film
- a composition containing the silane compound (ii) considering various characteristics, the weight of the copolymer (i) and the weight of the silane compound (ii) in terms of SiO 2 There is a more preferred range for the ratio between.
- the ratio of the weight of the copolymer (i) to the weight of the silane compound (ii) in terms of SiO 2 is preferably in the range of 60/40 to 10/90, more preferably 50 / The range is 50 to 10/90.
- the ratio of the weight of the copolymer (i) to the weight of the silane compound (ii) in terms of SiO 2 is preferably in the range of 90/10 to 20/80, more preferably 70. The range is from / 30 to 20/80.
- the weight in terms of SiO 2 in the above formula (7) is calculated as a formula amount corresponding to the chemical formula of Si (m + 1) 2 O (4m + 4) / 2 .
- High hydrophilicity is imparted to the resulting cured product (for example, a film) by the sulfonic acid-containing group contained in the copolymer (i).
- crosslinks a strong hardened
- the epoxy group of the copolymer (i) reacts with the silanol group of the silane compound (ii) (reaction formula is shown in the general formula (8)), and the alkoxysilyl group of the copolymer (i) is a silane compound.
- the copolymer (i) can be incorporated into a network of siloxane bonds formed by the silane compound (ii).
- the highly hydrophilic copolymer (i) when the highly hydrophilic copolymer (i) is firmly fixed in the cured product, the outflow from the cured product of the highly hydrophilic polymer (i) is suppressed, and is high over a long period of time. Hydrophilicity is maintained. Further, by incorporating the highly hydrophilic copolymer (i) into a network of siloxane bonds formed from a silane compound, toughness is imparted to the cured product and wear resistance is improved. Furthermore, by forming a network, crystallization and phase separation can be easily suppressed, and the resulting cured product (eg, film) is excellent in transparency.
- the cured product contains an inorganic substance containing Si atoms, and since the Si atoms have a network structure, the cured product has high stability and excellent weather resistance. Therefore, the composition of the present invention provides a strong cured product (for example, a film) in which high hydrophilicity is maintained for a long time.
- the compound since the compound has a small formula amount, it easily moves, and a compound that is not taken into the siloxane bond tends to bleed out or flow out from the surface of the cured product, which is not preferable from the viewpoint of performance degradation after curing and safety.
- the compound having an epoxy group tends to have a relatively low molecular weight and lower polarity than the copolymer (i) of the present invention, the compound having a hydrophobic epoxy group easily moves to the surface. It becomes difficult to obtain high hydrophilicity.
- a curing catalyst or a curing material that accelerates the reaction between the epoxy group and the silanol group may be added to the composition.
- the curing catalyst or the curing material include hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, trifluoroacetic acid, acetic acid, phosphoric acid, boric acid, alumina, trialkoxyaluminum, acetylacetone aluminum salt, triethylenediamine, 2-methylimidazole, and 2,4-diamino- Examples include 6- [2′-methylimidazole- (1 ′)]-ethyl-s-triazine.
- the addition amount of these curing catalysts or curing materials is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 30 wt%, and in the range of 0.1 to 10 wt%, with respect to the total weight of the copolymer (i) and the silane compound (ii). More preferably, the range of 0.2 to 5 wt% is more preferable.
- the concentration of the sulfonic acid-containing group derived from the copolymer (i) gradually increases from the inside of the cured product toward the outer surface. In some cases, it may be concentrated (tilted). And it is estimated that the hydrophilicity of the hardened
- this inclined structure is that “when the polar solvent added in advance is evaporated, the hydrophilic copolymer (i) having a sulfonic acid-containing group is accompanied by evaporation of the polar solvent, To be concentrated and hardened. "
- the sulfonic acid concentration at the outer surface in the direction opposite to the substrate is Sa
- the sulfonic acid concentration at the midpoint between the interface contacting the substrate and the outer surface is Da.
- the gradient of the copolymer (i) of the present invention having a sulfonic acid-containing group is represented by a sulfonic acid concentration ratio (Sa / Da). That is, a large concentration ratio (Sa / Da) of sulfonic acid indicates that a large amount of sulfonic acid is concentrated on the outer surface of the cured product.
- the “intermediate point between the interface in contact with the substrate and the outer surface” is usually a point where the depth from the outer surface is 1 ⁇ 2 of the film thickness toward the interface in contact with the substrate ( In this specification, this point is also referred to as “a point at which the film thickness is 1 ⁇ 2”.)
- the phrase “acid” and “acid concentration”, respectively, - means "concentration of the -SO 3 M group”"SO 3 M group” and.
- the gradient ⁇ concentration ratio of sulfonic acid (Sa / Da) ⁇ of the cured product (typically a membrane) obtained in the present invention is usually in the range of 1.01 to 1000, preferably 1.1 to 100.
- the range is more preferably 1.2 to 60.
- the lower limit value of the inclination is more preferably 1.1 or more.
- a cured product (typically a membrane) having a gradient of sulfonic acid concentration exhibits higher hydrophilicity.
- more hydrophilic co-polymers are used. Coalescence (i) is required.
- a cured product typically a film having a gradient sulfonic acid concentration
- it has high hydrophilicity and a high crosslinking density due to the siloxane bond, so that hardness, scratch resistance, abrasion resistance, and Durability (hydrophilicity maintenance) etc. can be improved.
- a cured product (typically a film) obtained by the present invention has a gradient in the concentration of —SO 3 M groups, the balance between the hydrophilicity (water contact angle, etc.) and hardness of the obtained cured product. May be better.
- composition containing a copolymer (i) and a silane compound (ii) capable of reacting with the copolymer (i), the copolymer (i), the silane compound (ii), a catalyst, and a curing material are usually used. And a solvent for uniformly dissolving or dispersing them.
- any solvent may be used as long as it can uniformly dissolve or disperse the above-described components. Such solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the hydrophilic copolymer (i) when the hydrophilic copolymer (i) is to be inclined in the thickness direction (sulfonic acid is concentrated on the surface of the cured product), It is preferable to use a highly polar solvent having a high SP value (solubility parameter ⁇ ), more specifically, one or more solvents having an SP value (solubility parameter ⁇ ) of at least 9.3 or more.
- this solvent is used in combination with a solvent having an SP value of 9.3 or more. It is preferable that it has a lower boiling point (faster evaporation rate) than a solvent having an SP value of 9.3 or more.
- the SP value (solubility parameter ⁇ ) (cal / cm 3 ) 1/2 of the solvent is a value calculated by the following formulas (1) to (5).
- (1) latent heat of vaporization per mol Hb 21 ⁇ (273 + Tb) [unit: cal / mol], Tb: boiling point of solvent (° C.)
- H25 Hb ⁇ ⁇ 1 + 0.175 ⁇ (Tb ⁇ 25) / 100 ⁇ [unit: cal / mol], Tb: boiling point of the solvent (° C.) (3)
- Intermolecular bond energy E H25-596 [unit: cal / mol] (4)
- Intermolecular bond energy per 1 ml (cm 3 ) of solvent E1 E ⁇ D / Mw [unit: cal / cm 3 ], D: density (g / cm 3 ), Mw: molecular weight of solvent (5)
- SP Value: solubility parameter ⁇ (E1) 1/2 [unit: (cal / cm 3 ) 1/2 ]
- a hydrophilic sulfonic acid-containing group derived from the copolymer (i) and a certain amount are used.
- the surface of the applied mixture in contact with the outside air is accompanied by a solvent and has a hydrophilic sulfonic acid-containing group.
- the copolymer (i) moves and the hydrophilic sulfonic acid-containing groups are concentrated on the surface thereof, and hydrophilic groups are formed on the outer surface of the cured product (typically a film) obtained in the present invention.
- a gradient structure in which sulfonic acid-containing groups are concentrated is formed.
- the solubility parameter ⁇ (cal / cm 3 ) 1/2 is less than 9.3, the above-described interaction is weakened, and thus the above-described inclined structure is not sufficiently formed.
- the solubility parameter ⁇ (cal / cm 3 ) 1/2 is preferably 9.3 or more, more preferably 10 or more, and 11 or more. Further preferred.
- the solvent is evaporated according to the heating conditions (temperature, time, catalyst, curing material, air volume, etc.) to form a gradient structure. ⁇ It is usually fixed (cured). Therefore, in the point of proceeding curing while forming the above-described inclined structure, the solvent tends to be selected using the boiling point (evaporation rate) as a guide in accordance with the curing temperature. Specifically, a solvent having a boiling point of 30 to 300 ° C., a solvent having a boiling point of 40 to 250 ° C. is more preferable, and a solvent having a boiling point of 50 to 210 ° C. is more preferable. In the case of a mixed solvent containing two or more solvents, the boiling point of the solvent having the highest boiling point contained in these mixed solvents may be in the above range.
- Examples of the solvent that can be used as the solvent and has a solubility parameter ⁇ (cal / cm 3 ) 1/2 of 9.3 or more and a boiling point of 50 to 210 ° C. include: Methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, IPA (isopropanol), 1-butanol, isobutanol, 2-butanol, 1-pentanol, cyclohexanol, 2-methoxyethanol, 2-ethoxyethanol, 2-methoxypropanol, 2-methyl Alcohols such as -1-butanol, isoamyl alcohol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, ethylene glycol monoacetate, benzyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, 1.2-propylene glycol; Ketones such as cyclohexanone, 2-methylcyclohexanone, acetone; Carboxylic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid; Carboxylates such as methyl acetate and ethylene glycol
- ⁇ 21.4 (cal / cm 3 ) 1/2 ⁇ water having the highest solubility parameter ⁇ and alcohol are preferable.
- alcohols methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-methoxyethanol (EGM), 2-ethoxyethanol, 2-methoxypropanol (PGM), 1-butanol, 1-pentanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol Primary alcohols such as 1-pentanol tend to be preferable. These alcohols can be used alone, but are also preferably used by mixing with water.
- the above solvent having a solubility parameter ⁇ (cal / cm 3 ) 1/2 of 9.3 or more contained in the solvent may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the said solvent is a mixed solvent containing two or more solvents, at least one should just satisfy
- the solubility parameter of the one solvent contained in the mixed solvent satisfies the above conditions, the hydrophilic sulfonic acid-containing group derived from the copolymer (i) and the one solvent have a constant mutual relationship.
- a hydrophilic sulfonic acid-containing group is brought together with the one solvent on the surface of the applied mixture in contact with the outside air. This is because there is no change in the movement of the copolymer (i) having, and as a result, hydrophilic sulfonic acid-containing groups are concentrated on the surface.
- the solubility parameter ⁇ (cal / cm 3 ) 1/2 of the solvent having the highest boiling point contained in the mixed solvent is preferably 9.3 or more.
- the solubility parameter ⁇ (cal / cm 3 ) 1/2 of the solvent on the high boiling side is higher than that on the solvent on the low boiling side because a cured product having a sulfonic acid concentration inclined on the surface is easily formed.
- the weight ratio of the solvent having the highest solubility parameter / the other solvent is preferably 99.9 / 0.1 to 1/99, more preferably 99/1 to The range is 10/90, more preferably 98/2 to 30/70.
- the solvent other than water is a low polarity solvent that separates from water
- the amount of water added is large, or the evaporation rate is higher than necessary.
- a fast (low boiling point) solvent is mixed
- the applied composition of the present invention tends to form water droplets in the solvent drying step, and a transparent and smooth cured product (typically a film) is formed due to a decrease in leveling properties. It may not be obtained. Therefore, when selecting a mixed solvent with water, it is important to first make the composition of the present invention a uniform solution or a uniform dispersion by using a highly polar solvent that is easily compatible with water.
- the weight ratio of the solvent other than water / water is relatively preferably 80/20 to 1/99, and 70 / It is more preferably 20 to 5/95, further preferably 70/30 to 5/95, and particularly preferably 60/40 to 10/90.
- Examples of the method for selecting the type of solvent other than water to be mixed with water include a method for selecting a highly polar solvent having a solubility parameter ⁇ (cal / cm 3 ) 1/2 of 9.3 or more.
- a solvent having an evaporation rate ratio R with respect to water at the internal temperature of the drying process is preferably within a range of 0.1 to 2.0, and a solvent having an evaporation rate ratio R of 0.2 to 1.8 is more preferable.
- a solvent having an evaporation rate ratio R in the range of 0.3 to 1.5 is more preferable.
- the evaporation rate ratio R is calculated by the following simple calculation formulas (A) to (B).
- (A) Evaporation rate saturated vapor pressure at drying temperature (mmHg) ⁇ ⁇ (molecular weight)
- Evaporation rate ratio with respect to water R evaporation rate of solvent other than water / water evaporation rate
- the evaporation rate of water at 50 ° C. is calculated to be 92.6, which is typical when solvent drying is performed at 50 ° C.
- the solvent evaporation rate ratio R is calculated as follows.
- a —SO 3 M group (M represents a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, or an ammonium ion) formed on a substrate and Si—O—Si is formed.
- a cured product (typically a film) having a structure or a Si—O—C structure, comprising an SO 3 M group concentration (Sa) on the outer surface of the film, an interface contacting the substrate and the outer surface
- a cured product typically a film having a SO 3 M group concentration (Da) ratio (Sa / Da) of 2 to 1000 at an intermediate point can be mentioned.
- Si-O-Si structure is detected at 1090 ⁇ 1010 cm -1 by IR, likewise Si-O-C structure can be detected at approximately around 1100 ⁇ 1200 cm -1 and 800 ⁇ 810 cm -1.
- the gradient ⁇ sulphonic acid concentration ratio (Sa / Da) ⁇ of the cured product (eg, film) of the present invention is usually in the range of 1.01 to 1000, preferably in the range of 1.1 to 100. More preferably, it is in the range of 1.2 to 60, and in any case, the lower limit value is more preferably 1.1 or more.
- the cured product of the present invention has hydrophilicity and Si—O—Si structure or Si—O—C structure, and therefore has excellent hardness, wear resistance, weather resistance, and the like.
- a cured product typically a film obtained from the copolymer (i) or the composition containing the copolymer (i) of the present invention
- the copolymer (i) of the present invention or Additives or modifiers may be added to the composition.
- additives or modifiers include UV absorbers, HALS (hindered amine light stabilizers), antioxidants, radical scavengers, fillers, pigments, color correction agents, high refractive index agents, fragrances, and interfaces.
- UV absorbers include UV absorbers, HALS (hindered amine light stabilizers), antioxidants, radical scavengers, fillers, pigments, color correction agents, high refractive index agents, fragrances, and interfaces.
- the UV absorber and HALS are added mainly for further improving weather resistance.
- the antioxidant and radical scavenger are added mainly for improving heat resistance or preventing deterioration.
- the filler is added mainly for improving wear or imparting toughness.
- examples of the filler include organic fillers such as acrylic resin, polyester resin, polyurethane resin, phenol resin, and polyolefin resin, and inorganic fillers such as silica particles and glass fibers.
- the pigments and dyes are added mainly for coloring.
- the color correction agent is added mainly for complementary colors. Examples of color complementary agents include bluing agents.
- the high refractive index agent is added mainly for increasing the refractive index of the resulting cured product.
- the high refractive index agent examples include metal oxides such as titanium oxide and sulfur compounds such as thioepoxy compounds.
- the fragrance is added to improve odor.
- the surfactant, antifoaming agent, leveling agent, and sagging prevention material are added mainly for improving coatability and improving the appearance of a cured product (for example, a film).
- surfactant examples include sodium lauryl sulfate, triethanolamine lauryl sulfate, sodium polyoxyethylene lauryl ether sulfate (Kao Emal 270J), sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, sodium alkylnaphthalenesulfonate (Kao Perex NB-L).
- antifoaming agent examples include Shin-Etsu Chemical KS-604, Shin-Etsu Chemical KF-604, Shin-Etsu Chemical KS-66, Shin-Etsu Chemical KM-88P, Shin-Etsu Chemical KM-601S, Shin-Etsu Chemical KM-72.
- leveling agent examples include modified silicone oil (Shin-Etsu Chemical KF355A, Shin-Etsu Chemical KF640), Shin-Etsu Chemical KP-341, Shin-Etsu Chemical KP-326, Shin-Etsu Chemical KP-104, Shin-Etsu Chemical KP-110. Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd. Polyflow KL-100, Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd. Polyflow KL-800, Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd. KL-800, Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd. Polyflow WS, Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd.
- Examples of the sagging prevention material include Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd., Talen 7200-20, Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd., Talen BA-600, Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd., Taren KU-700, Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd., Taren KY-2000, Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd.
- a cured product for example, a film, can be formed by curing the composition containing the copolymer (i) or copolymer (i) of the present invention and the silane compound (ii) thus obtained.
- curing means that, for example, when the solvent is removed from the copolymer (i) or the composition containing the copolymer (i), the solubility in the solvent is typically reduced. Or it may mean lost.
- the copolymer (i) of the present invention or the composition containing the copolymer (i) is cured, the copolymer (i) or the copolymer (i) and a silane are typically used.
- Such curing is preferably performed by heating, for example.
- the heating temperature is approximately in the range of 30 to 300 ° C, preferably in the range of 40 to 200 ° C, more preferably in the range of 50 to 180 ° C.
- the heating time is usually in the range of 0.02 hours to 200 hours, preferably 0.1 hours to 8.0 hours, more preferably 0.3 hours to 4.0 hours.
- a known polyfunctional (meth) acrylate, a known polyfunctional epoxy compound, or a known polyfunctional vinyl compound is added to the copolymer (i) or the composition containing the copolymer (i). Further, it can be cured by adding UV radical polymerization initiator, UV cationic polymerization initiator or the like, if necessary, and irradiating with ultraviolet rays (UV) which is a kind of radiation.
- UV ultraviolet rays
- energy rays having a wavelength range of 0.0001 to 800 nm can be used as radiation.
- the radiation is classified into ⁇ rays, ⁇ rays, ⁇ rays, X rays, electron rays, ultraviolet rays, visible light, microwaves, and the like, depending on the composition of the copolymer (i) silane compound (ii) and the like. It can be appropriately selected and used.
- ultraviolet rays are preferable, and the output peak of ultraviolet rays is preferably in the range of 200 to 450 nm, more preferably in the range of 210 to 445 nm, still more preferably in the range of 220 to 430 nm, and particularly preferably in the range of 230 to 400 nm.
- the output peak of ultraviolet rays is preferably in the range of 200 to 450 nm, more preferably in the range of 210 to 445 nm, still more preferably in the range of 220 to 430 nm, and particularly preferably in the range of 230 to 400 nm.
- an electrodeless UV (ultraviolet) lamp with less infrared and high illuminance is preferable to a normal electroded UV (ultraviolet) lamp.
- an ultraviolet absorber or HALS is added to the copolymer (i) or composition, it is preferable to use an ultraviolet lamp having a peak intensity at 240 to 270 nm in output characteristics.
- the atmosphere in the case of curing the copolymer (i) or the composition containing the copolymer (i) of the present invention may be an inert gas atmosphere such as nitrogen, but is preferably an air atmosphere.
- the humidity of the atmosphere is preferably as low as possible because the surface of the cured product tends to be non-uniform under high humidity, but is preferably in the range of 20 to 70% RH, and in the range of 30 to 60% RH. Is more preferable, and the range of 40 to 60% RH is more preferable.
- the film which is an example of the cured product is a film (Z1) having a thickness exceeding 100 nm (0.1 ⁇ m).
- a film having such a thickness is excellent in wear resistance and durability, so that it is used for inner and outer coatings of buildings and transportation equipment (vehicles, ships and aircraft), inner and outer coatings of household appliances and electrical appliances, and used for them. It is preferably used as a coating for fixtures and parts. In particular, it is useful for outdoor coating applications that require weather resistance.
- a surface with high hardness can be formed without being affected by the base material (generally a soft substrate).
- the film coated on the material is easily damaged by the influence of the base material).
- This high-hardness surface coating film makes it difficult to be damaged, and even if the surface is somewhat shaved due to stress or the like beyond assumption, the film remains in most cases, so that the film performance is easily maintained (that is, durable) Tend to improve).
- the film (Z1) can be produced, for example, by applying the copolymer (i) or a composition containing the copolymer (i) to a substrate described later and curing it.
- the method for applying the copolymer (i) or the composition containing the copolymer (i) to a substrate include, for example, a brush coating method, a spray coating method, a wire bar method, a bar coater method, a blade method, Examples thereof include a roll coating method, a spin coating method, a dipping method, and other known coating methods.
- the coating amount may be set so that the thickness of the film (Z1) falls within a desired range.
- the thickness of the film (Z1) is preferably more than 0.1 ⁇ m (100 nm) and 500 ⁇ m or less, more preferably more than 0.1 ⁇ m and 100 ⁇ m or less, and still more preferably 1 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the film (Z1) tends to be relatively thick, approximately in the range of more than 0.1 ⁇ m (100 nm) to 500 ⁇ m or less, preferably in the range of 1 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m, Preferably it is the range of 3 micrometers or more and 100 micrometers or less.
- the material used as the base material examples include PMMA, polycarbonate (PC), PET, ABS, triacetyl cellulose (TAC), polyvinyl chloride (vinyl chloride), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polylactic acid (PLA). ), Poly (thio) urethane resin, poly (thio) urea resin, and (thio) epoxy resin and other organic materials, glass, iron, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, zinc, gold, silver, copper, metal oxides, Composites such as SMC (Sheet Molding Compound) that combines inorganic materials such as ceramics, cement, slate, marble, granite and mortar, inorganic materials such as glass fiber and calcium carbonate, and organic materials such as unsaturated polyester resin Materials and the like.
- PC polycarbonate
- PET ABS
- PV chloride polyvinyl chloride
- PE polyethylene
- PP polypropylene
- PVA polylactic acid
- Such an organic base material, inorganic base material, and composite base material made of such organic material, inorganic material, and composite material can be used as they are, but they may be used after various surface treatments are performed.
- the surface treatment for example, the adhesion between the substrate and the layer made of the film (Z) can be enhanced.
- the substrate subjected to such surface treatment include a substrate obtained by metal plating the substrate surface, a substrate obtained by chemically treating the substrate surface with a chemical such as a zinc phosphate aqueous solution, and a corona treatment.
- Examples of the coating agent used for the primer treatment, undercoat treatment, or anchor coat treatment include polyester resins, polyamide resins, polyurethane resins, epoxy resins, phenol resins, (meth) acrylic resins, polyvinyl acetate.
- a coating agent containing a resin such as a polyethylene resin, a polyolefin resin such as polyethylene and polypropylene, or a copolymer or modified resin thereof, a cellulose resin, or the like as a main component of the vehicle can be used.
- the coating agent may be either a solvent type coating agent or an aqueous type coating agent.
- silane coupling agent coating agents include silane coupling agent coating agents, mixed coating agents of silane coupling agents and fillers, modified polyolefin coating agents, ethyl vinyl alcohol coating agents, polyethyleneimine coating agents, polybutadiene coating agents.
- Agent polyurethane coating agent; polyester polyurethane emulsion coating agent, polyvinyl chloride emulsion coating agent, urethane acrylic emulsion coating agent, silicon acrylic emulsion coating agent, vinyl acetate acrylic emulsion coating agent, acrylic emulsion coating agent; Styrene-butadiene copolymer latex coating agent, acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer latex coating agent, methyl methacrylate-butadiene copolymer latex coating agent, chloroprene latex coating agent, polybutadiene rubber rubber latex coating agent, poly An acrylic ester latex coating agent, a polyvinylidene chloride latex coating agent, a polybutadiene latex coating agent
- These coating agents can be applied, for example, by the gravure coating method, reverse roll coating method, knife coating method, kiss coating method, etc. 0.005 g / m 2 to 5 g / m 2 .
- the silane coupling agent-based coating agent the mixed coating agent of the silane coupling agent and the filler, and the trade names “Takelac TM” and “Takenate TM” (both made by Mitsui Chemicals)
- a typical polyurethane-based coating agent is more preferable.
- silane coupling agents a silane coupling agent having an epoxy group, a mercapto group, or an amino group is relatively preferred, a silane coupling agent having an amino group is more preferred, and bis (trimethoxysilylpropyl) is further preferred.
- Amine, bis (triethoxysilylpropyl) amine, N, N′-bis (trimethoxysilylpropyl) ethylenediamine, and N, N′-bis (triethoxysilylpropyl) ethylenediamine are most preferred.
- the polyurethane-based coating agent has a urethane bond in the main chain or side chain of the resin contained in the coating agent.
- a polyurethane-type coating agent is a coating agent containing the polyurethane obtained by making polyol and isocyanate compounds, such as polyester polyol, polyether polyol, or acrylic polyol, react, for example.
- polyester polyols such as condensation polyester polyols and lactone polyester polyols are mixed with isocyanate compounds such as tolylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, norbornane diisocyanate methyl, and xylene diisocyanate.
- isocyanate compounds such as tolylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, norbornane diisocyanate methyl, and xylene diisocyanate.
- the method of mixing the polyol compound and the isocyanate compound is not particularly limited.
- the mixing ratio is not particularly limited, but if the isocyanate compound is too small, it may cause curing failure, so that the OH group of the polyol compound and the NCO group of the isocyanate compound are in the range of 2/1 to 1/40 in terms of equivalents. Is preferred.
- the surface treatment can be performed for the purpose other than the improvement of adhesion, for example, for the purpose of imparting antireflection properties.
- a glazing group having fine irregularities formed on the surface is used as the substrate subjected to such a surface treatment.
- coated the coating material to the surface of these base materials and formed the coating film can also be used.
- the above substrate can be used alone as a substrate, but can also be used as a laminate substrate in which a plurality of substrates selected from an organic substrate, an inorganic substrate, and a composite substrate are laminated.
- optical system substrate used for optical articles and optical devices represented by lenses, glasses, cameras, display devices (displays), projection devices, etc.
- transparent A transparent substrate made of a material having a property can also be used.
- Examples of the hard coat layer include a layer formed from an acrylic material, a layer formed from a silica material, and the like.
- Examples of the antireflection layer include a layer formed of a low refractive index material, a multilayer antireflection layer in which layers of a low refractive material and layers of a high refractive material are alternately stacked.
- the functional layer may be provided outside the base material and the layer (Z1), but may be provided between the base material and the layer (Z1), for example, on the base material.
- the hard coat layer and the antireflection layer are preferably provided between the base material layer and the layer (Z1), for example, provided on the base material.
- the layer in contact with the layer comprising the film (Z1) of the present invention (Z1) is at it is one preferred embodiment of stacking such that a layer composed mainly of SiO 2 is there.
- the structural unit a represented by the formula (1) is in the range of 0.990 to 0.600
- the structural unit b represented by the formula (2) is in the range of 0.005 to 0.200
- the formula ( The structural unit c represented by 3) is preferably in the range of 0.005 to 0.200
- a is in the range of 0.980 to 0.700
- b is in the range of 0.010 to 0.150
- the ratio (i) / (ii) of the weight of the copolymer (i) and the weight of the silane compound (ii) in terms of SiO2 is the higher ratio of the copolymer (i) for the same reason as above.
- the weight ratio is preferably in the range of 99/1 to 40/60, more preferably in the range of 95/5 to 60/40.
- the film (Z1) is an antifogging film, an antifouling film, or an antistatic film
- the substrate is coated with the antifogging film, the antifouling film, or the antistatic film, for example.
- a laminated body is obtained.
- the substrate is a film
- a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer described later can be provided on the surface on which the film of the present invention is not formed, and a release film can be provided on the surface of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer.
- the adhesive layer is laminated on the other side of the base film
- the laminated film having the film of the present invention is used as an antifogging film and an antifouling film, and the surface of a display material for glass, bathroom mirrors, displays, televisions It can be easily attached to signboards, advertisements, information boards such as information boards, signs for railways, roads, etc., outer walls of buildings, window glass and the like.
- a well-known adhesive can be used.
- the adhesive include acrylic adhesives, rubber adhesives, vinyl ether polymer adhesives, and silicone adhesives.
- the thickness of the adhesive layer is usually in the range of 2 to 50 ⁇ m, preferably in the range of 5 to 30 ⁇ m.
- the surface of the film in contact with the outside air may be covered with a coating material.
- the film covered with the covering material and the laminate having the film can prevent the film from being damaged or soiled during transportation, storage, display, or the like.
- the coating material when the coating material is irradiated with radiation by applying the copolymer (i) or the composition containing the copolymer (i) as described above, for the purpose of avoiding polymerization inhibition due to oxygen, the coating material can be cured by irradiating with radiation while keeping the coating material in close contact with the coated product, and the film of the present invention and the coating material can be laminated on a substrate or the like. By doing in this way, the laminated body which prevented the damage
- Examples of the material preferably used as the covering material include, for example, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), vinyl alcohol polymers such as ethylene / vinyl alcohol copolymer, polyacrylamide, polyisopropylacrylamide, and polyacrylonitrile. , Polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polystyrene (PS), biaxially oriented polypropylene (OPP), and the like.
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- PVD vinyl alcohol polymers
- PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PS polystyrene
- OPP biaxially oriented polypropylene
- the laminate of the present invention can be made into laminates of various forms by devising the shape of the substrate.
- membrane (Z1) and laminated body obtained by this invention can be used with forms, such as a film, a sheet
- the film (Z1) can also be used as a primer layer.
- the film (Z1) obtained by the present invention is excellent in hydrophilicity, durability, abrasion resistance, and weather resistance, and has high antifogging properties, antifouling properties, antistatic properties, and quick drying properties (water evaporation).
- the water contact angle of the membrane (Z1) obtained by the present invention is usually 30 ° or less, preferably 20 ° or less, more preferably 10 ° or less.
- a film having a water contact angle of not more than the above upper limit has high hydrophilicity and is easy to blend (wet) with water and is excellent as a hydrophilic material.
- the film of the present invention when used as an antifogging coat, water droplets spread on the film surface and a water film can be formed, so that the antifogging effect is excellent. It is excellent in antifouling effect because it can be removed by floating the dirt.
- the film of the present invention is excellent in antistatic properties, and is also useful for antistatic materials, antistatic coatings, and dust adhesion preventing coatings.
- the laminate obtained by the present invention is also excellent in hydrophilicity and durability, and is useful as an antifogging material, an antifouling material, an antistatic material and the like.
- the laminate obtained by laminating the film of the present invention on a substrate made of a transparent material such as transparent resin and glass has transparency, hydrophilicity, antifogging property, antifouling property, and antistatic property. It can be used as a laminate having excellent properties, quick drying properties, anti-condensation properties, weather resistance, and abrasion resistance.
- Measurement conditions Apparatus: AVANCE III cryo-500 type nuclear magnetic resonance apparatus manufactured by Bruker Biospin * Measurement nucleus: 13 C (125 MHz) * Measurement mode: Single pulse proton broadband decoupling * Pulse width: 45 ° (5.0 ⁇ sec) * Number of points: 64K * Measurement range: -25 to 225 ppm * Cumulative number: 1000 times * Measuring solvent: D 2 O * Measurement temperature: Room temperature * Sample concentration: 40mg / 0.6ml-D 2 O
- FE-TEM Field emission transmission electron microscope
- JEM-2200FS manufactured by JEOL
- Accelerating voltage 200 kV
- FIB Frecused Ion Beam System
- SMI2050 manufactured by Seiko Instruments Inc.
- the obtained polymerization solution was concentrated under reduced pressure using a rotary evaporator, and 590 g of isopropanol and 590 g of cyclohexane were added to the obtained residue and mixed vigorously.
- the precipitated polymer was filtered off, and the resulting filter cake was washed with ethanol, and then sufficiently dried under reduced pressure (less than 100 mmHg) at 50 ° C. until no weight change was observed. 9 g (89% yield) was obtained.
- the obtained polymerization solution was concentrated under reduced pressure using a rotary evaporator, and 400 g of isopropanol and 400 g of cyclohexane were added to the resulting residue and mixed vigorously.
- the precipitated polymer was filtered off, and the resulting filter cake was washed with ethanol, and then sufficiently dried under reduced pressure (less than 100 mmHg) at 50 ° C. until no weight change was observed. 5 g (yield 91%) was obtained.
- the coating composition is applied to the surface of a well-cleaned glass plate (surface water contact angle of less than 8 °) with a bar coater # 24, pre-dried at 50 ° C. for 5 minutes, and then heated at 150 ° C. for 1 hour. Then, a coating film having a thickness of 3 ⁇ m was formed on the surface of the glass plate. After cooling to room temperature, the coating film surface was washed with water and dried with an air gun, and the film was evaluated (appearance, water contact angle, antifogging property, antifouling property, wear test). The results are listed in Table 1. In Example 1a, scratch resistance and adhesion were also evaluated. These results are shown in Tables 2 and 3, respectively.
- Example 1b (Weather resistance test) The film produced in Example 1a was subjected to a xenon weather resistance test, and the water contact angle and b * at a test time of 0 hour, a test time of 1000 hours, and a test time of 2000 hours were measured. The value represented by b * indicates the value of the b * component in the L * a * b * color system. Table 2 lists the results of film evaluation (appearance, scratch resistance, abrasion test) before the xenon weather resistance test, in order to compare with the experimental results of Reference Example 1b described later.
- the obtained coating solution having a solid content NV of 50 wt% was applied to a base material (manufactured by Takiron Co., Ltd., polycarbonate plate, length 100 mm ⁇ width 100 mm ⁇ thickness 2 mm) with a bar coater # 06, and immediately heated to 40-50 ° C. It is charged in a wind dryer for 2 minutes to evaporate the solvent, and finally a UV conveyor (Fusion UV Systems Japan Co., Ltd., electrodeless discharge lamp H bulb, conveyor speed 6 m / min, integrated light quantity 900 mJ / cm 2 ) Then, a transparent film having a thickness of 4 ⁇ m was formed on the substrate surface.
- Example 1b the surface was washed with running water and dried with an air gun, and the film was evaluated (appearance, scratch resistance, abrasion test). Furthermore, the weather resistance test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1b, and the water contact angles at a test time of 0 hour, a test time of 1000 hours and a test time of 2000 hours were measured. The results are listed in Table 2.
- “acrylic resin 100” is listed in the column of the film composition (weight ratio) in Reference Example 1b. In Reference Example 1b, the ratio of the acrylic resin in the polymer component constituting the coating solution is 100. Means%.
- Preparation of coating composition and formation of coating film as in Example 1a, except that the amount of copolymer CH120417 was changed from 5.0 g to 7.1 g and the amount of TEOS was changed from 26 g to 18.6 g
- the film after washing with water was evaluated (appearance, water contact angle, antifogging property, antifouling property, abrasion test, adhesion). The results are listed in Table 3. In Table 3, the evaluation of the film obtained in Example 1a is also shown.
- Example 1d (Copolymer CH120531) ⁇ Preparation of coating composition>
- the copolymer prepared in Synthesis Example 4 was prepared by mixing 22 g of water with 3.3 g of CH120531 and then mixing 28 g of EGM, 22 g of TEOS, and 4.5 g of 5 wt% sulfuric acid under stirring conditions. .
- the obtained mixed solution was passed through a filter having an average pore size of 0.5 ⁇ m to obtain a colorless and transparent coating composition having a solid content (total amount of copolymer and TE 2 in terms of SiO 2 ) NV12 wt%.
- the polymer / TEOS (as SiO 2 ) weight ratio in this composition is 33/67.
- Example 3d (Copolymer CH120517) ⁇ Preparation of coating composition and formation and evaluation of coating film> Copolymer Preparation of coating composition, formation of coating film, and water in the same manner as in Example 1d except that 3.3 g of copolymer CH120517 prepared in Synthesis Example 6 was used instead of 3.3 g of CH120417. The film after washing was evaluated. The results are listed in Table 4.
- Example 5d (Copolymer CH121112) ⁇ Preparation of coating composition and formation and evaluation of coating film> Copolymer Preparation of coating composition, formation of coating film, and water in the same manner as in Example 1d except that 3.3 g of copolymer CH121112 prepared in Synthesis Example 8 was used instead of 3.3 g of CH120417. The film after washing was evaluated. The results are listed in Table 4.
- Example 6d (Copolymer CH121029) ⁇ Preparation of coating composition and formation and evaluation of coating film> Copolymer Preparation of coating composition, formation of coating film, and water in the same manner as in Example 1d except that 3.3 g of copolymer CH121029 prepared in Synthesis Example 9 was used instead of 3.3 g of CH120417. The film after washing was evaluated. The results are listed in Table 4.
- Example 7d (Copolymer CH130219) ⁇ Preparation of coating composition and formation and evaluation of coating film> Copolymer Preparation of coating composition, formation of coating film, and water in the same manner as in Example 1d except that 3.3 g of copolymer CH130219 prepared in Synthesis Example 10 was used instead of 3.3 g of CH120417. The film after washing was evaluated. The results are listed in Table 4.
- Example 8d (Copolymer CH130319) ⁇ Preparation of coating composition and formation and evaluation of coating film> Copolymer CH120531CH120417 Instead of 3.3 g, the same as in Example 1d except that 3.3 g of copolymer CH130319 prepared in Synthesis Example 11 was used. Preparation of coating composition, formation of coating film, and water The film after washing was evaluated. The results are listed in Table 4.
- Example 1e (Measurement of inclination-1) ⁇ Preparation of coating composition>
- the copolymer prepared in Synthesis Example 4 was mixed with 29.0 g of water in 6.0 g of CH120531 to prepare an aqueous solution, and then 38.0 g of EGM, 21.0 g of TEOS, and 5 wt. 6.0% sulfuric acid was mixed.
- the obtained mixed solution was passed through a filter having an average pore size of 0.5 ⁇ m to obtain 100.0 g of a colorless and transparent coating composition having a solid content of NV 12 wt%.
- the polymer / TEOS (SiO 2 equivalent) weight ratio in this composition is 1/1 (50/50).
- the above coating composition is applied to the surface of a well-cleaned glass plate (surface water contact angle of less than 8 °) with a bar coater # 12, pre-dried at 50 ° C. for 5 minutes, and then heated at 150 ° C. for 1 hour. Then, a coating film having a thickness of 1.5 ⁇ m was formed on the surface of the glass plate. After cooling to room temperature and washing the coating membrane surface with water, the membrane was evaluated (appearance, water contact angle, sulfonic acid concentration). The results are listed in Table 5.
- Example 1e a coating film having a thickness of 1.5 ⁇ m was formed on the primer layer surface, and the coating film surface was washed with water, and then the film was evaluated.
- the results are listed in Table 5.
- Example 1f (Formation of coating film on plastic substrate) ⁇ Preparation of Coating Composition-16> After 10.0 g of water was mixed with 3.0 g of the copolymer CH120517 prepared in Synthesis Example 6 to prepare an aqueous solution, 15.0 g of EGM and glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane were added to the aqueous solution at room temperature and under stirring conditions. (Hereinafter abbreviated as KBM-403) 1.5 g, 0.03 g of Polyflow KL-100 (manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd.) as an additive, and 5.0 g of 5 wt% sulfuric acid were mixed.
- KBM-403 Polyflow KL-100
- the coating composition-16 was applied to the surface of the primer layer with a bar coater # 40, pre-dried at 50 ° C. for 5 minutes, and then heated at 120 ° C. for 1 hour to form a coating film having a thickness of 5 ⁇ m on the primer layer. Formed. After cooling to room temperature and washing the coating film surface with water, the film was evaluated (appearance, water contact angle, adhesion). The obtained film was transparent, the water contact angle of the film was 15 °, and the result of the adhesion test (cross-cut peel test) was 100/100.
- Example 1g Curing using heat and UV together ⁇ Preparation of coating composition-17> After making a solution by mixing 29.0 g of water with 6.0 g of the copolymer CH120417 produced in Synthesis Example 1, 38.0 g of EGM, 20.8 g of TEOS, and 6.0 g of 5 wt% sulfuric acid was mixed.
- the above coating composition-20 (solid content 0.5 wt%) was applied with a spin coater (MIKASA SPINCOATER 1H-DX2) in the same manner as the formation of the primer layer, and preliminarily kept in an oven at 50 ° C. for 1 minute. After drying, it was heated at 150 ° C. for 1 hour to form a coating film having a thickness of 5 nm on the silane coupling layer.
- MIKASA SPINCOATER 1H-DX2 spin coater
- a laminate in which a primer layer and a coating film (total thickness of both 10 nm) were formed on a glass plate was obtained. This was cooled to room temperature, and the film was evaluated (appearance, water contact angle, antifogging property, antifouling property, adhesion). The appearance was evaluated after these operations, but the antifogging and antifouling properties were evaluated after washing with water. The water contact angle was measured after both the above heating and cooling operations and after washing with water.
- the coating composition was prepared, the coating film was formed, and the film after washing with water was evaluated in the same manner as in Reference Experimental Example 1B, except that the primer composition-20 was changed to the primer composition-23.
- the obtained cured film was transparent, had a water contact angle of 5 °, and adhesion of 100/100.
- Measurement model Hitachi, UV-Vis near-infrared spectrophotometer "U-4100" Measurement method: Transmission method, specular reflection method (incident angle 5 °, absolute reflectance) Measurement wavelength range: 450-750nm Scan speed: 300 nm / min Sampling interval: 1 nm Split width: 6nm
- the base material used in the above Reference Experimental Example 3B uses a highly transparent material (glass) with almost no internal loss (scattering, etc.) of transmitted light.
- the AR (antireflection) layer reflects the surface light. Has a reduced structure.
- a thin film having a thickness of 10 nm was formed on the AR layer.
- the formed thin film has the high transparency which can fully be used for an optical use, and does not impair the antireflection characteristic of AR layer.
- the laminated body to which high hydrophilic property was provided was able to be obtained. In general, when a film of micron order or more is formed, it is expected that the transparency is greatly reduced due to reflection on the film surface.
- the MR-8 TM plastic lens thus obtained has a refractive index (ne) of 1.60, an Abbe number ( ⁇ e) of 40, a specific gravity of 1.29, and a heat resistance of 90 ° C. or more, which is suitable as a plastic lens for spectacles. It had excellent physical properties.
- an MR-8 TM eyeglass lens having a multilayer structure (hereinafter abbreviated as an AR layer) having antireflection properties was obtained by forming a layer whose surface is mainly composed of SiO 2 . .
- the coating composition-100 was applied to the surface of the AR layer of the MR-8 TM eyeglass lens having the AR layer by a spin coater (rotation speed: 4000 rpm), and heated at 80 ° C. for 3 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the coating film surface is washed with water, and further dried with a 40 ° C. hot air dryer to obtain an MR-8 TM spectacle lens having a coating film with a thickness of 4 nm formed on the AR layer. It was.
- the obtained MR-8 TM spectacle lens (laminate) was evaluated at room temperature.
- the obtained MR-8 TM spectacle lens (laminate) on which the coating film was formed was transparent, highly hydrophilic, and excellent in antifogging and antifouling properties.
- the MR-8 TM spectacle lens (laminated body) on which the obtained coating film is formed is immersed in pure water and irradiated with ultrasonic waves (output 240 W, frequency 40 Hz), thereby being water resistant (maintaining hydrophilicity). ) was evaluated.
- the results are shown in Tables 8 and 9. Furthermore, the measurement results of reflectance are shown in FIG.
- the coating composition-101 (solid content NV 2.0 wt%) was applied to the surface of the HC layer of the MR-8 TM eyeglass lens having the HC layer by a spin coater (rotation speed 4000 rpm) and heated at 80 ° C. for 3 hours. . After cooling to room temperature, the coating film surface was washed with water and further dried with a hot air dryer at 40 ° C. to obtain an MR-8 TM spectacle lens having a coating film having a thickness of 140 nm formed on the HC layer. The obtained MR-8 TM spectacle lens (laminate) was evaluated at room temperature. The results are listed in Table 9.
- Reference Experimental Example 3A The coating composition-100 prepared in Reference Experimental Example 1A (solid content NV 0.5 wt%) was applied to the surface of a well-cleaned glass plate (surface water contact angle of less than 8 °) with a spin coater (rotation speed 4000 rpm). It was applied and heated at 80 ° C. for 3 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the coating film surface was washed with water and further dried with a 40 ° C. hot air dryer to obtain a glass plate on which a 4 nm thick coating film was formed. The film was evaluated at room temperature. The results are listed in Table 9.
- the coating composition-103 (solid content NV 0.5 wt%) prepared in Reference Experimental Example 4A was applied to the surface of the AR layer of the MR-8 TM eyeglass lens having the AR layer with a spin coater (rotation speed 4000 rpm). And heated at 80 ° C. for 3 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the coating film surface is washed with water, and further dried with a 40 ° C. hot air dryer to obtain an MR-8 TM spectacle lens having a coating film with a thickness of 4 nm formed on the AR layer. It was. The obtained MR-8 TM spectacle lens (laminate) was evaluated at room temperature. The results are listed in Table 9.
- aqueous solution was prepared by mixing 2.5 g of water with 0.5 g of the copolymer CH121112 prepared in Synthesis Example 8, and then 96.7 g of EGM and 0.23 g of 5 wt% sulfuric acid were mixed with this aqueous solution.
- the obtained mixed solution was passed through a filter having an average pore size of 0.5 ⁇ m to obtain a colorless and transparent coating composition-104 having a solid content of NV of 0.5 wt%.
- the coating composition-104 (solid content NV 0.5 wt%) prepared in Reference Experimental Example 5A was applied to the surface of the AR layer of the MR-8 TM eyeglass lens having the AR layer with a spin coater (rotation speed 4000 rpm). And heated at 80 ° C. for 3 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the coating film surface is washed with water, and further dried with a 40 ° C. hot air dryer to obtain an MR-8 TM spectacle lens having a coating film with a thickness of 4 nm formed on the AR layer. It was. The obtained MR-8 TM spectacle lens (laminate) was evaluated at room temperature. The results are listed in Table 9.
- Example 1A The coating composition-101 (solid content NV 2.0 wt%) prepared in Example 2A was applied to the surface of the AR layer of the MR-8 TM eyeglass lens having the AR layer with a spin coater (rotation speed 4000 rpm). Heated at 80 ° C. for 3 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the surface of the coating film is washed with water and further dried with a hot air dryer at 40 ° C. to obtain an MR-8 TM spectacle lens having a coating film having a thickness of 140 nm formed on the AR layer. It was. The obtained MR-8 TM spectacle lens (laminate) was evaluated at room temperature. The results are listed in Table 9.
- the copolymer (i) obtained by the present invention, a film obtained by curing the composition containing the copolymer (i), and a laminate having at least one layer of the film are an antifogging material and an antifouling material. It is useful as a quick-drying material, an antistatic material, and an undercoat material.
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Abstract
Description
曇りの問題を解決する方法として、アクリル系オリゴマーに反応性界面活性剤を加えた防曇塗料が提案されており、この防曇塗料から得られる硬化物(膜)は親水性と吸水性が向上するとされている(非特許文献1)。また、汚れの問題を解決する方法として、例えば、表面の親水性を向上させて、外壁等に付着した汚れ(外気疎水性物質等)を降雨または散水等によって浮き上がらせて効率的に除去するセルフクリーニング性(防汚染性)を有する防汚染材料が注目されている(非特許文献2、3)。
その他に、鋼板塗装用水分散性樹脂組成物として、エポキシ基を有する重合性不飽和モノマーと、スルホン酸基等の酸基を有する重合性不飽和モノマーと、水酸酸基を有する重合性不飽和モノマーと、加水分解性シリル基を有する重合性不飽和モノマーとを、モノマー総量に対して各々0.1~10wt%の使用量の範囲で乳化重合された共重合体樹脂(A)に、ジルコニウム化合物(B)とシランカップリング剤(C)が配合された組成物(特許文献6)が知られている。
[1]下記一般式(1)、(2)、および(3)で表される構成単位を含む共重合体(i)。
A1は、単結合、炭素数1~10である2価の炭化水素基、下記式(1-1)で表される基、または下記式(1-2)で表される基を示し、A2は、単結合、炭素数1~10である2価の炭化水素基、下記式(2-1)で表される基、または下記式(2-2)で表される基を示し、A3は、単結合、炭素数1~10である2価の炭化水素基、下記式(3-1)で表される基、または下記式(3-2)で表される基を示し、
R1、R2、およびR3は独立して水素原子またはメチル基を示し、R4は独立して水素原子、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、またはブチル基を示し、R10は水素原子、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、ブチル基、メトキシ基、エトキシ基、プロポキシ基、またはブトキシ基を示し、Mは水素原子、アルカリ金属イオン、1/2価のアルカリ土類金属イオン、アンモニウムイオン、またはアミンイオンを示し;
下記式(1-1)、(1-2)、(2-1)、(2-2)、(3-1)、および(3-2)において、nおよびn2は独立して1~10の整数であり、n1は0~10の整数であり、mは1~6の整数であり、m1は0~6の整数であり、lは0~4の整数であり、R5およびR6は独立して水素原子またはメチル基を示し、*はSO3Mと結合する側の端部、**はエポキシ基と結合する側の端部、***はSi原子と結合する側の端部を示す。)
n1は0~10の整数であり、nは1~10の整数であり、
R1、R2、R3、R5、およびR6は独立して水素原子またはメチル基を示し、R4は独立して水素原子、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、またはブチル基を示し、R10は水素原子、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、ブチル基、メトキシ基、エトキシ基、プロポキシ基、またはブトキシ基を示し、
Mは水素原子、アルカリ金属イオン、1/2価のアルカリ土類金属イオン、アンモニウムイオン、またはアミンイオンを示す。)
[4]項[1]~[3]のいずれか1項に記載の共重合体(i)を含む組成物。
[5]さらに、下記一般式(7)で表されるシラン化合物(ii)を含む項[4]に記載の組成物。
R11~R14は、それぞれ独立して、水酸基、水素原子、炭素数1~4のアルキル基、ビニル基、アリル基、フェニル基、2-フェニル-エチル基、炭素数1~4のアルコキシ基、またはハロゲン原子を示し、
qは0~10000の整数である。)。
[7]項[1]~[3]のいずれか1項に記載の重合体または項[4]~[6]のいずれか1項に記載の組成物から得られる、厚みが100nm(0.1μm)を超える膜(Z1)。
[8]加熱することにより得られるものである項[7]に記載の膜(Z1)。
[9]項[7]に記載の膜からなる層(Z1)を少なくとも1層有する積層体。
[10]前記層(Z1)が積層体の最外層である項[9]記載の積層体。
上記式中、A1は、単結合、炭素数1~10である2価の炭化水素基、下記式(1-1)で表される基、または下記式(1-2)で表される基を示し、A2は、単結合、炭素数1~10である2価の炭化水素基、下記式(2-1)で表される基、または下記式(2-2)で表される基を示し、A3は、単結合、炭素数1~10である2価の炭化水素基、下記式(3-1)で表される基、または下記式(3-2)で表される基を示す。
上記式(1-1)および(1-2)中、*はSO3Mと結合する側の端部、上記式(2-1)および(2-2)中、**はエポキシ基と結合する側の端部、上記式(3-1)および(3-2)中、***はSi原子と結合する側の端部を示す。
上記式(2)のA2が式(2-1)で表される基である場合には、上記式(2)で表される構成単位は、下記式(5A)で表される構成単位となる。
上記式(3)のA3が式(3-1)で表される基である場合には、上記式(3)で表される構成単位は、下記式(6)で表される構成単位となる。
イソプロペニル基を有するスルホン酸系化合物としては、イソプロペニルスルホン酸ナトリウム、イソプロペニルスルホン酸カリウムなどが好ましい。
アリル基を有するアルコキシシリル化合物としては、アリルトリメトキシシラン、アリルトリエトキシシラン、アリルトリプロポキシシラン、アリルトリイソプロポキシシラン、アリルトリブトキシシラン、イソプロペニルトリエトキシシラン、アリルメチルジメトキシシラン、アリルフェニルジメトキシシラン、アリルエチルジエトキシシラン、アリルジエチルモノエトキシシラン、アリルジメチルモノブトキシシランなどが好ましい。
スチリル基を有するアルコキシシリル化合物としては、スチリル-トリメトキシシラン、スチリル-トリエトキシシラン、スチリル-トリブトキシシラン、スチリル-メチルジメトキシシランなどが好ましい。
他の構成単位は、例えば、上記(1')~(3')で表される化合物を含む単量体混合物に、他の構成単位に対応する化合物をさらに加えて、重合することにより得ることができる。
上記共重合体(i)の繰り返し構造単位数は、通常1~10,000の範囲であり、好ましくは3~3,000の範囲、さらに好ましくは30~1,500の範囲である。
ラジカル重合開始剤としては、例えば、アゾビスイソブチロニトリル等のニトリル類;
メチルイソブチルケトンパーオキサイド、シクロヘキサノンパーオキサイド等のケトンパーオキサイド類;
イソブチリルパーオキサイド、o-クロロベンゾイルパーオキサイド、ベンゾイルパーオキサイド等のジアシルパーオキサイド類;
トリス(t-ブチルパーオキシ)トリアジン、t-ブチルクミルパーオキサイド等のジアルキルパーオキサイド類;
2,2-ビス(4,4-ジ-t-ブチルパーオキシシクロヘキシル)プロパン、2,2-ジ(t-ブチルパーオキシ)ブタン等のパーオキシケタール類;
α-クミルパーオキシネオデカノエート、t-ブチルパーオキシピバレート、2,4,4-トリメチルペンチルパーオキシ-2-エチルヘキサノエート、t-ブチルパーオキシ-2-エチルヘキサノエート、t-ブチルパーオキシ-3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサノエート等のアルキルパーエステル類;
ジ-3-メトキシブチルパーオキシジカーボネート、ビス(4-t-ブチルシクロヘキシル)パーオキシジカーボネート、t-ブチルパーオキシイソプロピルカーボネート、ジエチレングリコールビス(t-ブチルパーオキシカーボネート)等のパーカボネート類等が挙げられる。
上記共重合体(i)は、高い透明性が要求される用途の硬化物、膜および積層体として使用される場合があるため、透明性が高くなるアモルファス性の重合体(結晶化度が低く、Tm(融点)が測定されないか、融解熱が小さい。非晶質重合体または潜晶質重合体に相当する。)が好ましい。
一方、コア・シェル構造体などの高次構造を形成する場合、これらのコア・シェル構造体は、一般的にミクロンサイズの大きい粒子となり易く、ナノサイズの小さい粒子ができても、凝集等により二次粒子化して、結局大きいミクロンサイズの粒子集合体となる傾向にある。例えば、これらミクロンサイズのコア・シェル構造体は、粒子サイズが光の1/4波長(約100nm)を超えるため、光が散乱して透明性が低下するため、高い透明性を要求される用途には使用できない。
このようにして生成した共重合体(i)は、通常、スルホン酸含有基を多数有する高分子量体であり、水にしか溶解しない性質を有することも多い。したがって、この場合、重合溶媒として、水を大量に用いなければ、重合反応の進行とともに、重合溶液から共重合体が析出してくる。
一方、重合溶液から共重合体が析出しにくい、スルホン酸含有基の数が少ない共重合体の場合は、貧溶媒に入れて析出させるか、エバポレーター等で溶媒を留去した後、貧溶媒中で撹拌し、濾過して乾燥する方法により目的の共重合体が得られる。
以下、それぞれの基で起こる反応について、詳細に説明する。
エポキシ基同士の反応は一般式(11)で表され、加熱して反応させることが好ましい。加熱温度は、おおよそ30~250℃の範囲であり、好ましくは30~200℃の範囲、さらに好ましくは30~150℃の範囲である。このエポキシ基同士の反応は、酸などのカチオンおよび塩基などのアニオンに代表される触媒の存在によって、反応が加速される傾向にある。
エポキシ基とアルコキシシリル基の反応は、一般式(12)および一般式(14)で表される。
アルコキシシリル基同士の反応式は、一般式(13)で表され、加熱して反応させることが好ましい。加熱温度は、おおよそ30~250℃の範囲であり、好ましくは30~200℃の範囲、さらに好ましくは30~180℃の範囲である。
また、反応性化合物として、シラン化合物(ii)を用いる場合には、シラン化合物(ii)以外の加水分解性基を有するシラン化合物、共重合体(i)以外のエポキシ基を有する化合物、水酸基を有する化合物、メルカプト基を有する化合物、カルボキシル基を有する化合物、アミノ基を有する化合物、酸無水物から選ばれる少なくとも1つの化合物と、シラン化合物(ii)とを組み合わせて用いることも好ましい一態様である。
X1、X2、および、R11~R14が水酸基である場合には、その水酸基はSi原子に結合しているシラノール基であるため反応性が高く、場合によっては室温でも容易にシラノール基が関与する反応、例えば、シラン化合物(ii)および共重合体(i)中に含まれるシラノール基同士の脱水縮合によるシロキサン結合(Si-O-Si)を形成する反応、シラン化合物(ii)に含まれるシラノール基と共重合体(i)中のエポキシ基との反応などが起こり得る。また、X1、X2、および、R11~R14がアルコキシ基またはハロゲン原子である場合、水酸基と同様の反応性を有し、例えばアルコキシ基またはハロゲン原子は加水分解されて水酸基(シラノール基)となった後、上述と同様のシラノール基が関与する反応が起こり得る。さらに、アルコキシ基は、水酸基よりも反応性は低いものの、比較的高温での加熱(おおよそ100℃以上)した場合には、直接縮合反応が起こり、シロキサン結合(Si-O-Si)を形成する反応などが起こり得る。したがって、Si原子に結合したX1、X2、および、R11~R14が水酸基、アルコキシ基、またはハロゲン原子である場合には、これらにより、シラン化合物(ii)と共重合体(i)との間での架橋反応、シラン化合物(ii)同士の架橋反応などが起こり得て、共重合体(i)とシラン化合物(ii)を含む組成物を硬化させることが可能となる。
このような硬化物の硬度を制御する観点からは、シラン化合物(ii)に含まれるSi原子1個あたりの、水素原子、炭素数1~4のアルキル基、ビニル基、アリル基、フェニル基、および2-フェニル-エチル基(シラノール基が関与する反応が起こり得ない基)の総数は、好ましくは2個以下、より好ましくは1個以下であることが望ましい。また、シラン化合物(ii)に含まれるSi原子1個あたりの、水酸基、炭素数1~4のアルコキシ基、およびハロゲン原子(シラノール基が関与する反応が起こり得る基または原子)、ならびにシロキサン結合の総数は、好ましくは2個~4個、より好ましくは3~4個であることが望ましい。
ヒドロトリメトキシシラン、メチルトリメトキシシラン、メチルトリエトキシシラン、エチルトリエトキシシラン、プロピルトリエトキシシラン、ブチルトリエトキシシラン、フェニルトリメトキシシラン、フェニルトリエトキシシラン、(2-フェニル-エチル)トリメトキシシラン、ビニルトリメトキシシラン、ビニルトリエトキシシラン、アリルトリメトキシシラン、アリルトリエトキシシランなどのトリアルコキシシラン類;
ジメチルジメトキシシラン、ジヒドロジメトキシシラン、ジメチルジメトキシシラン、ジメチルジエトキシシラン、ジメチルジプロポキシシラン、ジメチルジブトキシシラン、ジフェニルジメトキシシラン、ジ(2-フェニル-エチル)ジメトキシシラン、ジビニルジメトキシシラン、ジアリルジメトキシシラン、ヒドロフェニルジメトキシシラン、メチルフェニルジメトキシシラン、ヒドロビニルジメトキシシラン、メチルビニルジメトキシシラン、フェニルビニルジメトキシシラン、ジフェニルジエトキシシラン、ジ(2-フェニル-エチル)ジエトキシシラン、ジビニルジエトキシシラン、ジアリルジエトキシシラン、ヒドロフェニルジエトキシシラン、メチルフェニルジエトキシシラン、ヒドロビニルジエトキシシラン、メチルビニルジエトキシシラン、フェニルビニルジエトキシシランなどのジアルコキシシラン類;
テトラクロロシラン、テトラブロモシラン、テトラヨードシランなどのテトラハロゲン化シラン類;
ヒドロトリブロモシラン、メチルトリクロロシラン、エチルトリクロロシラン、プロピルトリクロロシラン、ブチルトリクロロシラン、フェニルトリクロロシラン、(2-フェニル-エチル)トリクロロシラン、ビニルトリクロロシラン、ビニルトリブロモシラン、ビニルトリヨードシラン、アリルトリクロロシランなどのトリハロゲン化シラン類;
ジヒドロジブロモシラン、ジメチルジクロロシラン、ジメチルジブロモシラン、ジメチルジヨードシラン、ジフェニルジクロロシラン、ジ(2-フェニル-エチル)ジクロロシラン、ジビニルジクロロシラン、ジアリルジクロロシラン、ヒドロフェニルジクロロシラン、メチルフェニルジクロロシラン、ヒドロビニルジクロロシラン、メチルビニルジクロロシラン、フェニルビニルジクロロシランなどのジハロゲン化シラン類;などが挙げられる。
(a)本発明の共重合体(i)の代わりに、エポキシ基およびアルコキシシリル基がなくスルホン酸含有基を有する重合体を用いた場合、親水性は同様に高いが、水洗等によりポリマーが流出し親水性の低下が起こり易い。さらに、重合体がシロキサン結合のネットワークに取り込まれていないため強度および靭性が低くなりやすく耐磨耗性に劣る傾向にあり、重合体とシリカを主体とする相との相分離等により透明性が低下する場合もある。
(c)本発明の共重合体(i)の代わりに、シロキサン結合のネットワークに取り込まれ得る、スルホン酸含有基とエポキシ基を有する式量の小さな化合物を用いる場合、その化合物に数多くのスルホン酸含有基を導入することが困難なため、本発明よりも親水性が低くなり易い。また、その化合物は式量が小さいため移動しやすく、シロキサン結合に取り込まれない化合物が硬化物の表面からブリードアウトまたは流出し易いため、硬化後の性能低下、安全性の面からも好ましくない。
(1)1mol当たりの蒸発潜熱 Hb=21×(273+Tb)〔単位:cal/mol〕,Tb:溶媒の沸点(℃)
(2)25℃での1mol当たりの蒸発潜熱 H25=Hb×{1+0.175×(Tb-25)/100}〔単位:cal/mol〕,Tb:溶媒の沸点(℃)
(3)分子間結合エネルギー E=H25-596〔単位:cal/mol〕
(4)溶媒1ml(cm3)当たりの分子間結合エネルギー E1=E×D/Mw〔単位:cal/cm3〕,D:密度(g/cm3),Mw:溶媒の分子量
(5)SP値: 溶解パラメーター σ=(E1)1/2 〔単位:(cal/cm3)1/2〕
メタノール、エタノール、1-プロパノール、IPA(イソプロパノール)、1-ブタノール、イソブタノール、2-ブタノール、1-ペンタノール、シクロヘキサノール、2-メトキシエタノール、2-エトキシエタノール、2-メトキシプロパノール、2-メチル-1-ブタノール、イソアミルアルコール、テトラヒドロフルフリルアルコール、エチレングリコールモノアセテート、ベンジルアルコール、エチレングリコール、1.2-プロピレングリコールなどのアルコール;
シクロヘキサノン、2-メチルシクロヘキサノン、アセトンなどのケトン;
蟻酸、酢酸、プロピオン酸などのカルボン酸;
酢酸メチル、エチレングリコールジアセテートなどのカルボン酸エステル;
ジオキサン、アニソール、THF(テトラヒドロフラン)などのエーテル;
DMF(N,N'-ジメチルホルムアミド)、DMAC(N,N'-ジメチルアセトアミド)などのアミド;
アセトニトリルなどのニトリル;及び
水等が挙げられる。
また、上記溶媒が2以上の溶媒を含む混合溶媒である場合には、少なくともその1つが、上記溶解パラメーターの条件を満たしていればよい。混合溶媒中に含まれるその1つの溶媒の溶解パラメーターが上記条件を満たしている場合には、共重合体(i)に由来する親水性のスルホン酸含有基とその1つの溶媒とが一定の相互作用を有するため、この混合物を基材に塗布して、その混合物から溶媒を除去する際に、塗布された混合物の外気に接する表面にその1つの溶媒と同伴して親水性のスルホン酸含有基を有する共重合体(i)が移動することには変わりはなく、その結果として、表面に親水性のスルホン酸含有基が濃縮されることになるからである。
(A) 蒸発速度=乾燥温度での飽和蒸気圧(mmHg)×√(分子量)
(B) 水に対する蒸発速度比R=水以外の溶媒の蒸発速度/水の蒸発速度
例えば、50℃における水の蒸発速度は92.6と計算され、50℃で溶媒乾燥を行う場合の代表的な溶媒の蒸発速度比Rは、およそ以下の通り計算される。
本発明の共重合体(i)または共重合体(i)を含む組成物から得られる硬化物(典型的には膜)の物性を改良する目的で、本発明の共重合体(i)または組成物に、添加剤または改質材等を添加してもよい。添加剤または改質剤としては、例えば、紫外線吸収剤、HALS(ヒンダードアミン系光安定剤)、酸化防止剤、ラジカル捕捉剤、充填材、顔料、色補正剤、高屈折率化剤、香料、界面活性剤、消泡剤、レベリング剤、タレ防止材、その他改質剤などが挙げられる。
このようにして得られる本発明の共重合体(i)または共重合体(i)およびシラン化合物(ii)を含む組成物を硬化させることにより硬化物、例えば膜を形成することができる。なお、本発明で硬化とは、例えば共重合体(i)または該共重合体(i)を含む組成物から溶媒が除去された場合に、典型的には溶媒への溶解性が減じているまたは失われていることを意味する場合がある。本発明の共重合体(i)または該共重合体(i)を含む組成物が硬化されている場合には、典型的には、共重合体(i)または共重合体(i)およびシラン化合物(ii)を含む組成物中に含まれる基(典型的には、Si原子に結合するハロゲン原子、水酸基、およびアルコキシ基、ならびにエポキシ基)を反応させることにより形成されるシロキサン結合を主としたネットワーク(架橋構造)が、硬化物中に形成されている。
上記共重合体(i)または該共重合体(i)を含む組成物を基材に塗布する方法としては、例えば、刷毛塗り法、スプレーコーティング法、ワイヤーバー法、バーコーター法、ブレード法、ロールコーティング法、スピンコート法、ディッピング法、その他公知のコーティング方法が挙げられる。
上記膜(Z1)の厚さは、好ましくは0.1μm(100nm)を超え500μm以下、より好ましくは0.1μmを超え100μm以下、さらにより好ましくは1~50μmである。
スチレン-ブタジエン共重合体ラテックスコート剤、アクリルニトリル-ブタジエン共重合体ラテックスコート剤、メチルメタアクリレート-ブタジエン共重合体ラテックスコート剤、クロロプレンラテックスコート剤、ポリブタジェンラテックスのゴム系ラテックスコート剤、ポリアクリル酸エステルラテックスコート剤、ポリ塩化ビニリデンラテックスコート剤、ポリブタジエンラテックスコート剤、あるいはこれらラテックスコート剤に含まれる樹脂のカルボン酸変性物ラテックスもしくはディスパージョンからなるコート剤が好ましい。
また、上記基材と層(Z1)とを有する積層体には、種々の機能層が設けられていてもよい。上記積層体中、層(Z1)の設けられる位置は特に制限はないが、層(Z1)が最外層に設けられていることが好ましい一態様である。
このような機能層としては、例えば、ハードコート層、反射防止(AR)層などが挙げられる。
上記反射防止層としては、低屈折率材料から形成される層、低屈折材料からなる層と高屈折材料からなる層を交互に積層した多層型反射防止層などが挙げられる。
一般に、光学用途で該積層体を用いる場合、高い透明性が必要となる場合が多い。そのような場合には積層体の各層をできるだけ薄くすることが望ましい傾向にある。上記機能層は、公知の方法で、積層体中に設けることができる。
本発明により得られる膜(Z1)の水接触角は、通常30°以下、好ましくは20°以下、より好ましくは10°以下である。水接触角が上記上限値以下である膜は、親水性が高く、水となじみ(濡れ)やすく親水性材料として優れている。
本発明において、共重合体(i)の構造の評価は下記のようにして行った。
スルホン酸含有基を有するユニット(1)、エポキシ基を有するユニット(2)、およびトリアルコキシシリル基を有するユニット(3)のユニット比(1)/(2)/(3)は13C-NMRにより分析した。測定条件を以下に記載する。
* 装置: ブルカー・バイオスピン製 AVANCEIII cryo-500型核磁気共鳴装置
* 測定核: 13C(125MHz)
* 測定モード: シングルパルスプロトンブロードバンドデカップリング
* パルス幅: 45°(5.0μ秒)
* ポイント数: 64K
* 測定範囲: -25~225ppm
* 積算回数: 1000回
* 測定溶剤: D2O
* 測定温度: 室温
* 試料濃度: 40mg/0.6ml-D2O
下記式(200)のf炭素のピーク(57~59ppm付近)、下記式(300)のk炭素のピーク(51~52ppm付近)、および下記式(400)のk炭素のピーク(4~6ppm付近)の積分強度比で算出した。
即ち、ユニット比(1)/(2)/(3)=f炭素ピークの積分強度/k炭素ピークの積分強度/t炭素ピークの積分強度とした。
Mw(重量平均分子量)、および分散Mw(重量平均分子量)/Mn(数平均分子量)はGPCにより分析した。測定条件を以下に記載する。
* 装置: 日本分光(株) GPC-900
* カラム: 昭和電工(株) Shodex Asahipac「GF-7M HQ」,Φ7.5mm×300mm
* 測定温度: 40℃
* 溶離液: 水/メタノール/NaHPO4/NaHPO4・2H2O=850.0/150.0/2.7/7.3(重量比)
* 流速: 0.5ml/min.
なお、本発明において被膜の物性評価は、下記のようにして行った。
協和界面科学社製の水接触角測定装置CA-V型を用いて、1サンプルについて3箇所測定し、これら値の平均値を水接触角の値とした。
日本電色工業社製のヘーズメーターNDH2000を用いて、1サンプルについて4箇所測定し、これら値の平均値をヘーズの値とした。
スチールウール#0000を用いて、ある一定の荷重をかけて10往復擦る。傷が入らなかった場合を〇、1~5本の傷が入った場合を△、6本~無数に傷が入った場合を×とした。
測定機器: ロータリーアブレージョンテスター ,(株)東洋精機製作所
磨耗輪: C180 OXF
荷重: 500g(250g+250g)×2
碁盤目テープ剥離試験により評価した。
呼気により曇らなかった場合を〇、曇った場合を×とした。
ゼブラ(株)製の油性マーカー「マッキー極細」(黒,品番MO-120-MC-BK)でマークし、その上に水滴を垂らして30秒間放置し、テッシュペーパーでふき取る。マークがふき取れた場合を〇、ふき取れずに残った場合を×とした。
図2に示す試料調製の通り、基材10の上にコート層20を形成してなるサンプルを斜めに切断し、飛行時間型2次イオン質量分析装置(TOF-SIMS)を用いて、外表面におけるスルホン酸濃度(Sa)と、基材10に接する界面と前記外表面との中間地点におけるスルホン酸濃度(Da)とを測定し、その値から外気に接する膜の外表面と膜の内表面と外表面との中間地点のスルホン濃度比で表される傾斜度(Sa/Da)を求めた。ここで、本発明に係る積層体において、本発明に係る膜はコート層20を構成する。
TOF-SIMS; ION・TOF社製 TOF-SIMS 5
1次イオン; Bi3 2+ (加速電圧25kV)
測定面積; 300~340μm2 測定には帯電補正用電子銃を使用
図2に示す通りに、基材10の表面にコート層20が設けられたサンプルを切削方向30に向かって、精密斜め切削を行った後、10×10mm2程度の大きさに切り出し、測定面にメッシュを当て、サンプルホルダーに固定し、外気と接するコート層表面40および膜の内部であるコート層内部50(膜厚1/2の地点、基材10に接するコート層の内表面)で飛行時間型2次イオン質量分析装置(TOF-SIMS)を用いてスルホン酸濃度を測定した。
評価は以下の計算式で行った。なお、各測定点のイオン濃度は、相対強度(トータル検出イオンに対する)を用いた。
傾斜度Sa/Da(スルホン酸濃度比,傾斜度)=コート層表面40でのスルホン酸濃度/コート層20の膜厚1/2の地点でのスルホン酸濃度
測定装置および条件
装置 :電界放出型透過電子顕微鏡(FE-TEM): JEM-2200FS(日本電子製)
加速電圧 : 200 kV
FIB(Focused Ion Beam System,集束イオンビームシステム)加工装置 : SMI2050(セイコーインスツルメンツ社製)
試料の凸面中央部を切り出した後、試料最表面にPtコートおよびカーボン蒸着を行った。これをFIB加工により薄膜化し、測定検体とした。測定検体を電界放出型透過電子顕微鏡(FE-TEM)で観察し、膜厚を測定した。
測定装置: 島津製作所,自動示差走査熱量計 DSC-60A
測定温度範囲: -30~200℃(昇温速度20℃/分)
リファレンス: Al2O3 10mg
サンプル: 10mg
JIS K5600-5-6(付着性-クロスカット法)に準じて試験を行った。尚、評価は25マスを100マスに換算して剥離しなかった(密着していた)マスの数で表した。
コニカミノルタオプティクス株式会社,色彩色差計「CR-400」にて測定を行った。
減圧下で脱ガスされたメタノール559.6gを反応フラスコに装入し、攪拌しながら純度85wt%のKOHフレーク25.0g(0.379モル)を徐々に加えて完溶させた。次にアクリルアミド-t-ブチルスルホン酸(以下ATBSと略す。)81.0g(0.382モル)を分割装入して中和(PH=7.4)を行い、アクリルアミド-t-ブチルスルホン酸カリウム塩(以下ATBS-Kと略す。)を含む中和混合物を作製した。
減圧下で脱ガスされたメタノール535.5gを反応フラスコに装入し、攪拌しながら純度85wt%のKOHフレーク23.6g(0.357モル)を徐々に加えて完溶させた。次にATBS 75.7g(0.357モル)を分割装入して中和(PH=7.5)を行い、ATBS-Kを含む中和混合物を作製した。
減圧下で脱ガスされたメタノール400.0gを反応フラスコに装入し、攪拌しながら純度85wt%のKOHフレーク15.7g(0.237モル)を徐々に加えて完溶させた。次にATBS 50.1g(0.237モル)を分割装入して中和(PH=7.5)を行い、ATBS-Kを含む中和混合物を作製した。
減圧下で脱ガスされたメタノール1156.5gを反応フラスコに装入し、攪拌しながら純度85wt%のKOHフレーク15.0g(0.227モル)を徐々に加えて完溶させた。次にATBS 48.7g(0.230モル)を分割装入して中和(PH=7.5)を行い、ATBS-Kを含む中和混合物を作製した。
減圧下で脱ガスされたメタノール1062.1gを反応フラスコに装入し、攪拌しながら純度85wt%のKOHフレーク28.0g(0.424モル)を徐々に加えて完溶させた。次にATBS 89.9g(0.424モル)を分割装入して中和(PH=7.6)を行い、ATBS-Kを含む中和混合物を作製した。
減圧下で脱ガスされたメタノール550.0gを反応フラスコに装入し、攪拌しながら純度85wt%のKOHフレーク25.0g(0.379モル)を徐々に加えて完溶させた。次にATBS 81.0g(0.382モル)を分割装入して中和(PH=7.6)を行い、ATBS-Kを含む中和混合物を作製した。
減圧下で脱ガスされたメタノール1032.9gを反応フラスコに装入し、攪拌しながら純度85wt%のKOHフレーク28.0g(0.424モル)を徐々に加えて完溶させた。次にATBS 89.9g(0.424モル)を分割装入して中和(PH=7.6)を行い、ATBS-Kを含む中和混合物を作製した。
減圧下で脱ガスされたメタノール556.4gを反応フラスコに装入し、攪拌しながら純度85wt%のKOHフレーク13.0g(0.197モル)を徐々に加えて完溶させた。次にATBS 41.7g(0.197モル)を分割装入して中和(PH=7.6)を行い、ATBS-Kを含む中和混合物を作製した。
減圧下で脱ガスされたメタノール543.0gを反応フラスコに装入し、攪拌しながら純度85wt%のKOHフレーク8.00g(0.121モル)を徐々に加えて完溶させた。次にATBS 25.7g(0.121モル)を分割装入して中和(PH=7.6)を行い、ATBS-Kを含む中和混合物を作製した。
析出した重合体を濾別し、得られた濾塊をエタノールで洗浄後、減圧下(100mmHg未満)50℃の条件で重量変化がみられなくなるまで十分に乾燥し、白色の共重合体58.9g(収率89%)を得た。
反応フラスコに、3-スルホプロピルアクリレート・ナトリウム塩(以下SPA-Naと略す。)52.43g(0.2425モル)、4-グリシジルオキシ-ブチルアクリレート(以下GOBAと略す。) 2.43g(0.0121モル)、3-アクリロイルオキシ-プロピルトリメトキシシラン(以下KBM-5103と略す。) 2.84g(0.0121モル)、および減圧下で脱ガスされたメタノール488.9gを装入して混合液を作製した。
析出した重合体を濾別し、得られた濾塊をエタノールで洗浄後、減圧下(100mmHg未満)50℃の条件で重量変化がみられなくなるまで十分に乾燥し、白色の共重合体52.5g(収率91%)を得た。
減圧下で脱ガスされたメタノール1019.3gを反応フラスコに装入し、攪拌しながら純度85wt%のKOHフレーク30.0g(0.455モル)を徐々に加えて完溶させた。次にATBS 97.5g(0.460モル)を分割装入して中和(PH=7.6)を行い、ATBS-Kを含む中和混合物を作製した。
<コーティング用組成物の調製>
合成例1で作製された共重合体 CH120417 5gに水28gを混合して溶液を作製した後、撹拌条件下、この溶液に2-メトキシエタノール(以下EGMと略す。)35g、テトラエトキシシラン(以下TEOSと略す。)26g、および5wt%硫酸6gを混合した。得られた混合液を平均孔径0.5μmのフィルターに通して、固形分(共重合体およびSiO2換算のTEOSの合計量)NV13wt%の無色透明なコーティング用組成物を得た。この組成物中の重合体/TEOS(SiO2換算)重量比は40/60である。
よく洗浄されたガラス板(表面の水接触角 8°未満)の表面に、上記コーティング用組成物をバーコーター#24で塗布し、50℃で5分間予備乾燥した後、150℃×1時間加熱し、ガラス板表面に厚み3μmのコーティング膜を形成した。室温まで冷却して、コーティング膜表面を水で洗浄し、エアガンで乾燥した後、膜の評価(外観、水接触角、防曇性、防汚性、摩耗試験)を行った。結果を表1に掲載する。なお、実施例1aでは、耐擦傷性、密着性の評価も行っているが、これらの結果はそれぞれ表2、表3に記載する。
<コーティング用組成物の調製およびコーティング膜の形成>
共重合体 CH120417 5gの替わりに、合成例2で作製されたATBS-K/GMA共重合体 CH110901 5gを用いる以外は実施例1と同様に、コーティング組成物の作製、コーティング膜の形成、および水で洗浄後の膜の評価を行った。結果を表1に掲載する。
<コーティング用組成物の調製とコーティング膜の形成および評価>
共重合体 CH120417 5gの替わりに、合成例3で作製されたATBS-K/KBM-503共重合体 CH111011 5gを用いる以外は実施例1aと同様に、コーティング組成物の作製、コーティング膜の形成、および水で洗浄後の膜の評価を行った。結果を表1に掲載する。
<コーティング用組成物の調製とコーティング膜の形成および評価>
共重合体 CH11011 5gの替りに、共重合体 CH11011 4.8gとグリセリントリグリシジルエーテル(以下EX-314と略す。)0.2gとの混合物を用いる以外は参考例2aと同様に、コーティング組成物の作製、コーティング膜の形成、および水で洗浄後の膜の評価を行った。結果を表1に掲載する。
<コーティング用組成物の調製とコーティング膜の形成および評価>
コーティング組成物を作製する際にTEOSを添加しない以外は参考例3aと同様に、コーティング組成物の作製、コーティング膜の形成、および水で洗浄後の膜の評価を行った。結果を表1に掲載する。
<コーティング用組成物の調製とコーティング膜の形成および評価>
共重合体 CH120417 5gの替わりに、重量平均分子量Mw=50万のPSS-Na(ポリスチレンスルホン酸ナトリウム塩,21wt%水溶液)23gとEX-314 0.2gとの混合物を用い、これと混合する水の量を28gから10gに変更した以外は実施例1aと同様に、コーティング組成物の作製、コーティング膜の形成、および水で洗浄後の膜の評価を行った。結果を表1に掲載する。
<コーティング用組成物の調製とコーティング膜の形成および評価>
共重合体 CH120417 5gの替わりに、重量平均分子量Mw=50万のPSS-Na(ポリスチレンスルホン酸ナトリウム塩,21wt%水溶液)24gを用い、これと混合する水の量を28gから9gに変更した以外は実施例1aと同様に、コーティング組成物の作製、コーティング膜の形成、および水で洗浄後の膜の評価を行った。結果を表1に掲載する。
<コーティング用組成物の調製とコーティング膜の形成および評価>
共重合体 CH120417 5gの替わりに、EX-314 5gを用いた以外は実施例1aと同様に、コーティング組成物の作製、コーティング膜の形成、および水で洗浄後の膜の評価を行った。結果を表1に掲載する。
<コーティング用組成物の調製とコーティング膜の形成および評価>
共重合体 CH120417を用いず、これと水28gを混合しない以外は実施例1aと同様に、コーティング組成物の作製、コーティング膜の形成、および水で洗浄後の膜の評価を行った。結果を表1に掲載する。
実施例1aで作製した膜についてキセノン耐候性試験を行い、試験時間0時間、試験時間1000時間、試験時間2000時間での水接触角およびb*を測定した。なお、b*で表される値は、L*a*b*表色系におけるb*成分の値を示す。また、表2には、後述する参考例1bの実験結果と対比するため、キセノン耐候性試験前の膜の評価(外観、耐擦傷性、摩耗試験)の結果を掲載する。
測定装置:(株)東洋精機製作所 Ci40000
キセノン耐候試験条件
光源:キセノンランプ,放射強度:60W/m2(300~400nm),BPT:63℃,降雨:18/120分
フィルター:内/外= ボロシリゲートS/ボロシリゲートS
<コーティング溶液の調製>
イルガキュアー127(チバ・ジャパン(株))0.30gにメタノール2.0gを混合してメタノール溶液を作製した後、撹拌条件下、このメタノール溶液にナイロスタッブS-EED(クラリアント・ジャパン(株))0.01g、3-スルホプロピルアクリレート0.12g、2,2-ビス(アクリロイルオキシメチル)プロピオン酸-3-スルホプロピルエステル・カリウム塩0.12g、および2-メトキシエタノール6.0gを混合して溶液を作製した。
得られた固形分NV50wt%のコーティング溶液を、バーコーター#06で基材(タキロン(株)製,ポリカーボネート板,縦100mm×横100mm×厚さ2mm)に塗布し、直ちに40~50℃の温風乾燥機に2分間装入して溶剤を蒸発させ、最後にUVコンベアー(フュージョンUVシステムズ・ジャパン(株)製,無電極放電ランプ Hバルブ,コンベアー速度6m/分,積算光量900mJ/cm2)を通過させて、基材表面に厚み4μmの透明な膜を形成した。最後に表面を流水で洗浄しエアガンで乾燥し、膜の評価(外観、耐擦傷性、摩耗試験)を行った。さらに実施例1bと同様に耐候性試験を行い、試験時間0時間、試験時間1000時間、試験時間2000時間との水接触角を測定した。結果を表2に掲載する。ここで、下記表2において、参考例1bにおける膜組成(重量比)の欄に「アクリル樹脂 100」とあるのは、参考例1bではコーティング溶液を構成する重合体成分におけるアクリル樹脂の割合が100%であることを意味する。
<コーティング用組成物の調製とコーティング膜の形成および評価>
共重合体 CH120417の量を5.0gから7.1gに変更し、TEOSの量を26gから18.6gに変更した以外は、実施例1aと同様に、コーティング組成物の作製、コーティング膜の形成、および水で洗浄後の膜の評価(外観、水接触角、防曇性、防汚性、摩耗試験、密着性)を行った。結果を表3に掲載する。なお表3には、実施例1aで得られた膜の評価も併記する。
<コーティング用組成物の調製とコーティング膜の形成および評価>
共重合体 CH120417の量を5.0gから6.3gに変更し、TEOSの量を26gから21.7gに変更した以外は、実施例1cと同様に、コーティング組成物の作製、コーティング膜の形成、および水で洗浄後の膜の評価を行った。結果を表3に掲載する。
<コーティング用組成物の調製とコーティング膜の形成および評価>
共重合体 CH120417の量を5.0gから4.2gに変更し、TEOSの量を26gから28.9gに変更した以外は、実施例1cと同様に、コーティング組成物の作製、コーティング膜の形成、および水で洗浄後の膜の評価を行った。結果を表3に掲載する。
<コーティング用組成物の調製とコーティング膜の形成および評価>
共重合体 CH120417の量を5.0gから3.1gに変更し、TEOSの量を26gから32.5gに変更した以外は、実施例1cと同様に、コーティング組成物の作製、コーティング膜の形成、および水で洗浄後の膜の評価を行った。結果を表3に掲載する。
<コーティング用組成物の調製>
合成例4で作製された共重合体 CH120531 3.3gに水22gを混合して溶液を作製した後、撹拌条件下、この溶液にEGM 28g、TEOS 22g、および5wt%硫酸4.5gを混合した。得られた混合液を平均孔径0.5μmのフィルターに通して固形分(共重合体およびSiO2換算のTEOSの合計量)NV12wt%の無色透明なコーティング用組成物を得た。この組成物中の重合体/TEOS(as SiO2)重量比は33/67である。
よく洗浄されたガラス板(表面の水接触角 8°未満)の表面に、上記コーティング用組成物をバーコーター#24で塗布し、50℃で5分間予備乾燥した後、150℃×1時間で加熱し、ガラス板表面に厚み3μmのコーティング膜を形成した。室温まで冷却して、コーティング膜表面を水で洗浄した後、膜の評価(外観、水接触角、摩耗試験)を行った。結果を表4に掲載する。
<コーティング用組成物の調製とコーティング膜の形成および評価>
共重合体 CH120417 3.3gの替わりに、合成例5で作製された共重合体 CH130117 3.3gを用いる以外は実施例1dと同様に、コーティング組成物の作製、コーティング膜の形成、および水で洗浄後の膜の評価を行った。結果を表4に掲載する。
<コーティング用組成物の調製とコーティング膜の形成および評価>
共重合体 CH120417 3.3gの替わりに、合成例6で作製された共重合体 CH120517 3.3gを用いる以外は実施例1dと同様に、コーティング組成物の作製、コーティング膜の形成、および水で洗浄後の膜の評価を行った。結果を表4に掲載する。
<コーティング用組成物の調製とコーティング膜の形成および評価>
共重合体 CH120417 3.3gの替わりに、合成例7で作製された共重合体 CH130115 3.3gを用いる以外は実施例1dと同様に、コーティング組成物の作製、コーティング膜の形成、および水で洗浄後の膜の評価を行った。結果を表4に掲載する。
<コーティング用組成物の調製とコーティング膜の形成および評価>
共重合体 CH120417 3.3gの替わりに、合成例8で作製された共重合体 CH121112 3.3gを用いる以外は実施例1dと同様に、コーティング組成物の作製、コーティング膜の形成、および水で洗浄後の膜の評価を行った。結果を表4に掲載する。
<コーティング用組成物の調製とコーティング膜の形成および評価>
共重合体 CH120417 3.3gの替わりに、合成例9で作製された共重合体 CH121029 3.3gを用いる以外は実施例1dと同様に、コーティング組成物の作製、コーティング膜の形成、および水で洗浄後の膜の評価を行った。結果を表4に掲載する。
<コーティング用組成物の調製とコーティング膜の形成および評価>
共重合体 CH120417 3.3gの替わりに、合成例10で作製された共重合体 CH130219 3.3gを用いる以外は実施例1dと同様に、コーティング組成物の作製、コーティング膜の形成、および水で洗浄後の膜の評価を行った。結果を表4に掲載する。
<コーティング用組成物の調製とコーティング膜の形成および評価>
共重合体 CH120531CH120417 3.3gの替わりに、合成例11で作製された共重合体 CH130319 3.3gを用いる以外は実施例1dと同様に、コーティング組成物の作製、コーティング膜の形成、および水で洗浄後の膜の評価を行った。結果を表4に掲載する。
<コーティング用組成物の調製>
合成例4で作製された共重合体 CH120531 6.0gに水29.0gを混合して水溶液を作製した後、室温および撹拌条件下、この水溶液にEGM 38.0g、TEOS 21.0g、および5wt%硫酸6.0gを混合した。得られた混合液を平均孔径0.5μmのフィルターに通して、固形分NV12wt%の無色透明なコーティング用組成物100.0gを得た。この組成物中の重合体/TEOS(SiO2換算)重量比は1/1(50/50)である。
良く洗浄されたガラス板(表面の水接触角 8°未満)の表面に、上記コーティング用組成物をバーコーター#12で塗布し、50℃で5分間予備乾燥した後、150℃×1時間加熱し、ガラス板表面に厚み1.5μmのコーティング膜を形成した。室温まで冷却して、コーティング膜表面を水で洗浄した後、膜の評価(外観、水接触角、スルホン酸濃度)を行った。結果を表5に掲載する。
<ウレタン系プライマー組成物の調製>
三井化学社製 タケラックA315(固形分50wt%)10.0g、溶媒である2-ペンタノン 104.0g、および三井化学製 タケネートA10(固形分75wt%) 1.0gを混合溶解し、固形分5wt%のウレタン系プライマー溶液 115.0gを調製した。
実施例1eで得られたコーティング用組成物をそのまま用いた。
<コーティング膜の形成および評価>
良く洗浄されたガラス板(表面の水接触角 8°未満)の表面に、上記プライマー組成物をバーコーター#2で塗布し、150℃×10分間加熱し、ガラス板表面に厚み0.1μmプライマー層を形成した。
<コーティング用組成物-16の調製>
合成例6で作製された共重合体 CH120517 3.0gに、水10.0gを混合して水溶液を作製した後、室温および撹拌条件下、この水溶液にEGM 15.0g、グリシジルオキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン(以下KBM-403と略す。) 1.5g、添加剤としてポリフローKL-100(共栄社化学社製) 0.03g、および5wt%硫酸5.0gを混合した。
なお、得られたコーティング用組成物の主成分の組成比(重量比)は、共重合体/KBM-403/シリカ=50/25/6(61.7/30.9/7.4)である。
(プライマー層の形成)
厚み2mmのポリカーボネート板(タキロン株式会社)をスピンコーター(MIKASA SPINCOATER 1H-DX)にセットし、500rpmの回転速度で回転させながら、実施例2eで調製したウレタン系プライマー組成物(固形分5wt%)を滴下し、滴下5秒後4000rpmに回転速度を上昇し、さらにその回転数で10秒間ポリカーボネート板を回転させて、ウレタン系プライマー組成物をポリカーボネート板表面に均一に塗布した。得られた塗布板を50℃のオーブンで1分間予備乾燥した後、120℃のオーブンで10分間加熱し、ポリカーボネート板表面に厚み0.05μmプライマー層を形成した。
そのプライマー層表面に、上記コーティング用組成物-16をバーコーター#40で塗布し、50℃で5分間予備乾燥した後、120℃×1時間加熱し、プライマー層上に厚み5μmのコーティング膜を形成した。室温まで冷却して、コーティング膜表面を水で洗浄した後、膜の評価(外観、水接触角、密着性)を行った。
得られた膜は透明で、膜の水接触角15°であり、密着性試験(碁盤目剥離試験)の結果は100/100であった。
<コーティング用組成物-17の調製>
合成例1で作製された共重合体 CH120417 6.0gに、水29.0gを混合して溶液を作製した後、室温および撹拌条件下、この溶液にEGM 38.0g、TEOS 20.8g、および5wt%硫酸6.0gを混合した。得られた混合液に、多官能アクリレートであるデナコールアクリレートDX-314(ナガセケムテックス(株)) 1.2g{共重合体 CH120417およびTEOS(SiO2換算)の合計重量に対して10wt%}とUV重合開始剤であるダロキュアー1173(BASF Japan Ltd.)0.06gとを混合した後、これを平均孔径0.5μmのフィルターに通して、固形分NV13wt%の無色透明なコーティング用組成物101gを得た。この組成物中の重合体/多官能アクリレート/TEOS(SiO2換算)重量比は5/1/5 (45.5/9.0/45.5)である。
よく洗浄されたガラス板(表面の水接触角 8°未満)の表面に、上記のコーティング用組成物-17をバーコーター#24で塗布し、50℃で5分間予備乾燥した後、UV照射し(無電極放電ランプ Hバルブ,照度800mW/cm2,積算光量390mJ/cm2)、次いで150℃×1時間加熱し、ガラス板表面に厚み3μmのコーティング膜を形成した。室温まで冷却して、コーティング膜表面を水で洗浄した後、膜の評価(水接触角、防曇性、防汚性)を行った。
得られた膜の水接触角6°であり、膜は防曇性および防汚性に優れていた。
<プライマー用組成物-20の調製>
撹拌条件下、シランカップリング剤であるビス(トリメトキシシリルプロピル)アミン(以下KBM-666Pと略す。)0.5gに、EGM94.5g、および5水5.0gを混合して、固形分0.5wt%のプライマー用組成物-20を調製した。
合成例4で作製された共重合体 CH120531 1.25gに、水62.5gを混合して水溶液を作製した後、室温および撹拌条件下、この水溶液にEGM 185.5g、および5wt%硫酸0.1gを混合した。得られた混合液を平均孔径0.5μmのフィルターに通して、固形分NV0.5wt%の無色透明なコーティング用組成物-20を得た。
(プライマー層の形成)
よく洗浄されたガラス板(表面の水接触角 8°未満)を、スピンコーター(MIKASA SPINCOATER 1H-DX2)にセットし、500rpmの回転速度で回転させながら、調製したプライマー用組成物-20(固形分0.5wt%)を滴下し、滴下5秒後4000rpmに回転速度を上昇し、さらにその回転数で10秒間ガラス板を回転させて、プライマー用組成物-20をガラス板表面に均一に塗布した。得られた塗布ガラス板を50℃のオーブンで1分間予備乾燥した後、150℃のオーブンで1時間加熱し、ガラス板上に、厚み5nmのシランカップリング剤から形成されたプライマー層を形成した。
そのプライマー層表面に、上記コーティング用組成物-20(固形分0.5wt%)をプライマー層の形成と同様にスピンコーター(MIKASA SPINCOATER 1H-DX2)で塗布し、50℃のオーブンで1分間予備乾燥した後、150℃×1時間加熱し、シランカップリング層上に、厚み5nmのコーティング膜を形成した。
<コーティング用組成物の調製とコーティング膜の形成および評価>
共重合体 CH120531 1.25gの替わりに、合成例2で作製された共重合体 CH110901 1.25gを用いる以外は、参考実験例1Bと同様に、コーティング組成物の作製、コーティング膜の形成、および水で洗浄後の膜の評価を行った。結果を表6に掲載する。
共重合体 CH120531 1.25gの替わりに、合成例3で作製された共重合体 CH111011 1.25gを用いる以外は、参考実験例1Bと同様に、コーティング組成物の作製、コーティング膜の形成、および水で洗浄後の膜の評価を行った。結果を表6に掲載する。
<プライマー用組成物-23の調製>
撹拌条件下、シランカップリング剤であるKBM-666P 0.5gに、EGM148.7g、および固形分30wt%のシリカゾル(メタノール溶液,日産化学社製) 0.8gを順次混合して、固形分0.5wt%のプライマー用組成物-23を150g調製した。
プライマー組成物-20をプライマー組成物-23に変更した以外は、参考実験例1Bと同様に、コーティング組成物の作製、コーティング膜の形成、および水で洗浄後の膜の評価を行った。得られた硬化膜は透明で、水接触角5°、密着性100/100であった。
<コーティング用組成物の調製>
合成例4で作製された共重合体 CH120531 1.0gに水5.0gを混合して水溶液を作製した後、この水溶液にEGM 100.0g、TEOS 2.6g、および5wt%硫酸2.5gを混合した。得られた混合液を平均孔径0.5μmのフィルターに通して、固形分(共重合体およびSiO2換算のTEOSの合計量)NV3.0wt%の無色透明なコーティング用組成物を得た。この組成物中の重合体/TEOS(SiO2換算)重量比は4/3(57/43)である。
両面にAR(反射防止)層が積層された厚さ2mmの光学系ガラス板表面に、上記の組成物を含ませたティシュで両面に塗布し、50℃で3分間予備乾燥した後、170℃×1時間加熱してコーティング膜を形成した。室温まで冷却後、コーティング膜表面を水で洗浄し、エアガンで乾燥することにより、AR層上に10nmのコーティング膜を形成した。この膜の評価結果を表7に掲載する。
なお、反射率は以下の条件で測定した。
測定機種: 日立製作所製,紫外可視近赤外分光光度計「U-4100」
測定方法: 透過法、正反射法(入射角5°,絶対反射率)
測定波長領域: 450~750nm
スキャンスピード: 300nm/分
サンプリング間隔: 1nm
スプリット幅: 6nm
<光学系基材の作製>
MR-8ATM 50.6g、MR-8B1TM 23.9g、およびMR-8B2TM 25.5g(いずれも三井化学社製)と、ジブチルチンジクロリド0.035g、紫外線吸収剤(共同薬品社製、商品名バイオソーブ583)1.5g、および内部離型剤(三井化学社製、商品名MR用内部離型剤)0.1gとを混合して、均一な溶液を作製した。
合成例4で作製された共重合体 CH120531 0.5gに水2.5gを混合して水溶液を作製した後、この水溶液にEGM 170.31g、TEOS 1.3g、および5wt%硫酸 0.39gを混合した。得られた混合液を平均孔径0.5μmのフィルターに通して、固形分(共重合体およびSiO2換算のTEOSの合計量)NV0.5wt%の無色透明なコーティング用組成物-100を得た。この組成物中のポリマー/TEOS(SiO2換算)重量比は4/3(57/43)であった。
AR層を有するMR-8TM眼鏡レンズのAR層の表面に、上記コーティング用組成物-100をスピンコーター(回転数4000rpm)で塗布し、80℃×3時間加熱した。室温まで冷却後、コーティング膜表面を水で洗浄して、さらに40℃温風乾燥機で乾燥して、4nmの厚さのコーティング膜がAR層上に形成されたMR-8TM眼鏡レンズを得た。室温で、得られたMR-8TM眼鏡レンズ(積層体)の評価を行った。得られたコーティング膜が形成されたMR-8TM眼鏡レンズ(積層体)は透明で、親水性が高く、防曇および防汚性に優れていた。
現在市販されている防曇眼鏡レンズ(定期的にメーカー指定販売の界面活性剤を塗布して使用する眼鏡レンズ)について、メーカー指定の界面活性剤を塗布した後、参考実験例1Aと同様に評価を行った。結果を表8に掲載する。
表面にAR層を有するMR-8TM眼鏡レンズについて、何も処理せずに評価を行った。結果を表8および表9掲載する。さらに、反射率の測定結果を図4に掲載する。
<コーティング用組成物-101の調製>
合成例4で作製された共重合体 CH120531重合体0.5gに水2.5gを混合して水溶液を作製した後、この水溶液にEGM 39.1g、TEOS 1.3g、および5wt%硫酸 0.39gを混合した。得られた混合液を平均孔径0.5μmのフィルターに通して、固形分(共重合体およびSiO2換算のTEOSの合計量)NV2.0wt%無色透明なコーティング用組成物-101を得た。この組成物中のポリマー/TEOS(SiO2換算)重量比は4/3(57/43)であった。
HC層を有するMR-8TM眼鏡レンズのHC層の表面に上記コーティング用組成物-101(固形分NV2.0wt%)をスピンコーター(回転数4000rpm)で塗布し、80℃×3時間加熱した。室温まで冷却後、コーティング膜表面を水で洗浄して、さらに40℃温風乾燥機で乾燥して、厚み140nmのコーティング膜がHC層上に形成されたMR-8TM眼鏡レンズを得た。室温で、得られたMR-8TM眼鏡レンズ(積層体)の評価を行った。結果を表9に掲載する。
よく洗浄されたガラス板(表面の水接触角 8°未満)の表面に参考実験例1Aで調製されたコーティング用組成物-100(固形分NV0.5wt%)をスピンコーター(回転数4000rpm)で塗布し、80℃×3時間加熱した。室温まで冷却後、コーティング膜表面を水で洗浄して、さらに40℃温風乾燥機で乾燥して、厚み4nmコーティング膜が形成されたガラス板を得た。室温で膜の評価を行った。結果を表9に掲載する。
<コーティング用組成物-103の調製>
合成例7で作製された共重合体 CH130115 0.5gに水2.5gを混合して水溶液を作製した後、この水溶液にEGM 170.31g、TEOS 1.3g、および5wt%硫酸 0.39gを混合した。得られた混合液を平均孔径0.5μmのフィルターに通して、固形分(共重合体およびSiO2換算のTEOSの合計量)NV0.5wt%の無色透明なコーティング用組成物-103を得た。この組成物中のポリマー/TEOS(SiO2換算)重量比は4/3(57/43)であった。
AR層を有するMR-8TM眼鏡レンズのAR層の表面に、参考実験例4Aで調製されたコーティング用組成物-103(固形分NV0.5wt%)をスピンコーター(回転数4000rpm)で塗布し、80℃×3時間加熱した。室温まで冷却後、コーティング膜表面を水で洗浄して、さらに40℃温風乾燥機で乾燥して、4nmの厚さのコーティング膜がAR層上に形成されたMR-8TM眼鏡レンズを得た。室温で、得られたMR-8TM眼鏡レンズ(積層体)の評価を行った。結果を表9に掲載する。
<コーティング用組成物-104の調製>
合成例8で作製された共重合体 CH121112 0.5gに水2.5gを混合して水溶液を作製した後、この水溶液にEGM 96.7g、5wt%硫酸 0.23gを混合した。得られた混合液を平均孔径0.5μmのフィルターに通して、固形分NV0.5wt%の無色透明なコーティング用組成物-104を得た。
AR層を有するMR-8TM眼鏡レンズのAR層の表面に、参考実験例5Aで調製されたコーティング用組成物-104(固形分NV0.5wt%)をスピンコーター(回転数4000rpm)で塗布し、80℃×3時間加熱した。室温まで冷却後、コーティング膜表面を水で洗浄して、さらに40℃温風乾燥機で乾燥して、4nmの厚さのコーティング膜がAR層上に形成されたMR-8TM眼鏡レンズを得た。室温で、得られたMR-8TM眼鏡レンズ(積層体)の評価を行った。結果を表9に掲載する。
AR層を有するMR-8TM眼鏡レンズのAR層の表面に、実施例2Aで調製されたコーティング用組成物-101(固形分NV2.0wt%)をスピンコーター(回転数4000rpm)で塗布し、80℃×3時間加熱した。室温まで冷却後、コーティング膜表面を水で洗浄して、さらに40℃温風乾燥機で乾燥して、140nmの厚さのコーティング膜がAR層上に形成されたMR-8TM眼鏡レンズを得た。室温で、得られたMR-8TM眼鏡レンズ(積層体)の評価を行った。結果を表9に掲載する。
Claims (10)
- 下記一般式(1)、(2)、および(3)で表される構成単位を含む共重合体(i)。
A1は、単結合、炭素数1~10である2価の炭化水素基、下記式(1-1)で表される基、または下記式(1-2)で表される基を示し、A2は、単結合、炭素数1~10である2価の炭化水素基、下記式(2-1)で表される基、または下記式(2-2)で表される基を示し、A3は、単結合、炭素数1~10である2価の炭化水素基、下記式(3-1)で表される基、または下記式(3-2)で表される基を示し、
R1、R2、およびR3は独立して水素原子またはメチル基を示し、R4は独立して水素原子、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、またはブチル基を示し、R10は水素原子、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、ブチル基、メトキシ基、エトキシ基、プロポキシ基、またはブトキシ基を示し、
Mは水素原子、アルカリ金属イオン、1/2価のアルカリ土類金属イオン、アンモニウムイオン、またはアミンイオンを示し;
下記式(1-1)、(1-2)、(2-1)、(2-2)、(3-1)、および(3-2)において、nおよびn2は独立して1~10の整数であり、n1は0~10の整数であり、mは1~6の整数であり、m1は0~6の整数であり、lは0~4の整数であり、R5およびR6は独立して水素原子またはメチル基を示し、*はSO3Mと結合する側の端部、**はエポキシ基と結合する側の端部、***はSi原子と結合する側の端部を示す。)
- 一般式(1)、(2)、および(3)で表される構成単位が、それぞれ下記一般式(4)、(5)および(6)で表される構成単位を含む請求項1に記載の共重合体(i)。
nは1~10の整数であり、n1は0~10の整数であり、
R1、R2、R3、R5、およびR6は独立して水素原子またはメチル基を示し、R4は独立して水素原子、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、またはブチル基を示し、R10は水素原子、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、ブチル基、メトキシ基、エトキシ基、プロポキシ基、またはブトキシ基を示し、
Mは水素原子、アルカリ金属イオン、1/2価のアルカリ土類金属イオン、アンモニウムイオン、またはアミンイオンを示す。) - 上記共重合体(i)のGPCにより測定した重量平均分子量が500~3,000,000である請求項1または2に記載の共重合体(i)。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の共重合体(i)を含む組成物。
- 上記共重合体(i)の重量と、上記シラン化合物(ii)のSiO2換算重量との比が99.9/0.1~0.1/99.9の範囲にある請求項5に記載の組成物。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の重合体または請求項4~6のいずれか1項に記載の組成物から得られる、厚みが100nmを超える膜(Z1)。
- 加熱することにより得られるものである請求項7に記載の膜(Z1)。
- 請求項7に記載の膜からなる層(Z1)を少なくとも1層有する積層体。
- 前記層(Z1)が積層体の最外層である請求項9に記載の積層体。
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KR20170081282A (ko) | 2017-07-11 |
JP6283718B2 (ja) | 2018-02-21 |
US20160032036A1 (en) | 2016-02-04 |
CN105102498B (zh) | 2017-04-12 |
JP5981641B2 (ja) | 2016-08-31 |
JP2016196661A (ja) | 2016-11-24 |
TWI610950B (zh) | 2018-01-11 |
KR20170080724A (ko) | 2017-07-10 |
KR20180058227A (ko) | 2018-05-31 |
KR20150135518A (ko) | 2015-12-02 |
KR101757096B1 (ko) | 2017-07-11 |
TW201446816A (zh) | 2014-12-16 |
CN107043440A (zh) | 2017-08-15 |
EP2985301A1 (en) | 2016-02-17 |
JPWO2014168122A1 (ja) | 2017-02-16 |
BR112015025802A2 (pt) | 2017-07-25 |
CN105102498A (zh) | 2015-11-25 |
EP2985301A4 (en) | 2016-09-21 |
KR101948495B1 (ko) | 2019-02-14 |
KR101910308B1 (ko) | 2018-10-19 |
CN107057256A (zh) | 2017-08-18 |
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