WO2014167582A2 - Composition de vaccin contre la prophylaxie chez des ruminants - Google Patents

Composition de vaccin contre la prophylaxie chez des ruminants Download PDF

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WO2014167582A2
WO2014167582A2 PCT/IN2014/000204 IN2014000204W WO2014167582A2 WO 2014167582 A2 WO2014167582 A2 WO 2014167582A2 IN 2014000204 W IN2014000204 W IN 2014000204W WO 2014167582 A2 WO2014167582 A2 WO 2014167582A2
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virus
seq
btv
vaccine
cells
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PCT/IN2014/000204
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WO2014167582A3 (fr
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Pavuluri Panduranga RAO
Nagendra Ramachandra HEGDE
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Ella Foundation
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K39/12—Viral antigens
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12—Antivirals
    • A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K2039/51—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising whole cells, viruses or DNA/RNA
    • A61K2039/525—Virus
    • A61K2039/5252—Virus inactivated (killed)
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K2039/55—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by the host/recipient, e.g. newborn with maternal antibodies
    • A61K2039/552—Veterinary vaccine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N2720/00—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA dsRNA viruses
    • C12N2720/00011—Details
    • C12N2720/12011—Reoviridae
    • C12N2720/12111—Orbivirus, e.g. bluetongue virus
    • C12N2720/12134—Use of virus or viral component as vaccine, e.g. live-attenuated or inactivated virus, VLP, viral protein
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N2720/00—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA dsRNA viruses
    • C12N2720/00011—Details
    • C12N2720/12011—Reoviridae
    • C12N2720/12111—Orbivirus, e.g. bluetongue virus
    • C12N2720/12161—Methods of inactivation or attenuation
    • C12N2720/12163—Methods of inactivation or attenuation by chemical treatment

Definitions

  • the invention relates to vaccine composition for prophylaxis against Blue tongue virus (BTV). Further, the invention relates to a preventive vaccine for Bluetongue disease or infection caused by bluetongue virus serotype 12 (BTV- 12) in ruminants. The invention also relates to inactivation techniques and adaptation of the virus in suspension culture for preparation of bluetongue vaccine compositions
  • Bluetongue is a non-contagious arthropod-borne disease of domestic and wild animals, and is caused by bluetongue virus (BTV), a member of the Orbivirus genus of the family Reoviridae.
  • BTV bluetongue virus
  • the disease was first recognized in South Africa over a century ago and the virus was first isolated about seven decades ago. Twenty six serotypes have since been identified based on serum neutralization test or viral genome sequencing.
  • the virus causes mild to severe disease in sheep and can be carried and spread by other animals like cattle, buffaloes, goats and wild ruminants.
  • the virus is transmitted by midges belonging to Culicoides species.
  • the geographic distribution of the disease overlaps with that of the competent vector, in that, the virus is distributed in all continents except Antarctica [1].
  • the genome of BTV comprises of ten double-stranded RNA segments, each coding for one major protein.
  • the segments have been designated as 1 through 10 (S 1 -S 10) according to their mobility on agarose gels.
  • the segments SI through S 10 respectively code for viral protein- 1 (VP1), VP2, VP3, VP4, Non structural protein-1 (NS 1), VP5, VP7, NS2, VP6 and NS3.
  • VP1 viral protein- 1
  • NS 1 Non structural protein-1
  • Alternate initiation in S 10 generates two proteins NS3 and NS3A which differ by 14 amino acids and NS4 is coded by S9 in a different frame than the frame coded to produce VP6.
  • BTV consists of a core of nucleocapsid which is closely associated with the viral polymerase VP1 , the helicase VP4 and the capping enzyme VP6, which are enclosed in inner core of VP3 followed by outer core VP7, which is encased in the outer capsid consisting of VP2 embedded in a scaffold of VP5.
  • VP2 which is coded by S2 segment is important in attachment of the virus, and for eliciting neutralization antibodies.
  • VP2 is the major determinant for serotype specificity [2, 3] while VP5 might play a minor role in this. Serotype classification is further supported by phylogenetic analysis of VP2 nucleotide sequence, which groups cross-reacting BTV isolates and strains [4, 5].
  • BTV exists in the form of at least 26 serotypes (BTV- 1 to BTV-26). Due to segmented nature of the genome, the segments of different serotypes as well as strains of the virus can reassort with each other in host cells, giving rise to new strains [6-10]. Theoretically, each segment could undergo antigenic drift and shift and therefore evolve independently of the other segments. Intermingling and evolution of the different serotypes existing or endemic within a region could generate a host of genetic variants. It has been suggested that restriction of specific serotypes and strains to certain geographical areas could generate uniquely imprinted genotypes which is known as topotype.
  • MLV Modified live vaccines
  • Disabled infectious single cycle (DISC) vaccines a replication-defective BTV produced in complementing cell lines, have also been proposed to be safer alternatives to MLV vaccines [13]. Due to antigenic shift and drift new variants of different serotypes are generated and there is always a need to improve the vaccine to control BT caused by different serotypes of BTV and variants within the serotype. BTV-12 is endemic in different parts of the world. Though a live attenuated vaccine is available for this serotype, it is not completely safe and a virulent virus may arise from the vaccinated or in-contact animals.
  • the Terrestrial code of the OIE which deals with the trade of animals and animal products between the countries stipulates that animals vaccinated with live attenuated vaccines should not be transported for up to 60 days after vaccination.
  • the vaccine for BTV- 12 serotype proposed in this invention is safer than live attenuated vaccines.
  • the invention describes preparation of a safe vaccine for bluetongue.
  • the vaccine can be used to inject the animals to elicit immune response against bluetongue virus serotype 12.
  • live attenuated vaccines are available as vaccines for bluetongue virus serotype 12.
  • the inactivated vaccines for other serotypes are not effective against BTV- 12.
  • BTV-12 inactivated vaccine is effective in eliciting immunity which is deemed protective against BTV - 12 in ruminants and other animal husbandry.
  • BTV-12 inactivated vaccine is not effective against other serotypes of BTV.
  • the primary object of the invention is to provide a safe and better effective tool to protect ruminants from the attack of bluetongue virus infections.
  • One objective of the invention is to provide a vaccine composition against infections caused serotype 12.
  • One more objective of the invention is to provide an inactivated vaccine for prophylaxis against Bluetongue infection in ruminants caused due to serotype 12 of the Bluetongue virus.
  • Another objective of the invention is to provide a method of adaptation of the bluetongue virus in suspension cell cultures for preparation of a Bluetongue vaccine composition.
  • a vaccine composition for prophylaxis against Bluetongue infection in ruminants including but not limited to goat, sheep, cattle, buffaloes against infections caused by Blue tongue virus (BTV) serotype 12.
  • BTV Blue tongue virus
  • the antigen of the vaccine composition is purified and inactivated by treating the virus with either formaldehyde alone in concentration ranging between 0.001% v/v to 0.1% v/v, preferably 0.01%.
  • the antigen of the vaccine composition is purified and inactivated by treating the virus with combination of Binary Ethylenimine (BEl) and formaldehyde, wherein the BEl is present at a concentration ranging between 1 mM to 20 mM, preferably 1 mM to 10 mM and formaldehyde is present in concentration of 0.001 % v/v to 0.1% v/v preferably 0.04% formaldehyde.
  • the antigen of the vaccine composition is purified and inactivated by treating the virus with BEl, at a concentration ranging between 1 mM to 20 mM, preferably 1 mM to 10 mM.
  • One further aspect of the invention discloses a method of adaptation of Blue tongue virus in suspension culture cells, wherein the cells are mammalian or insect cells, the said cells comprising of but not limited to BHK-21 cells, KC cells, C6/36 cells, for preparation of vaccine composition against Blue tongue virus infections.
  • the invention also discloses higher yields of the virus obtained through adaptation in suspension cultures, due to treatment of the virus with detergents or chemicals selected from but are not limited to chloroform in the range of 0.1%v/v to 10%v/v, NP-40 in the range of 0.05% v/v to 2% v/v, Tween in the range of 0.1% v/v to 2% v/v, and Triton X in the range of
  • One embodiment of the invention discloses the nucleotide sequence segment 2 and the corresponding protein sequence VP2 of Bluetongue serotype 12 virus as mentioned in SEQ ID No. 1 and SEQ ID No. 2 respectively, as the vaccine antigen against Blue Tongue virus serotype 12.
  • One another embodiment of the invention discloses the nucleotide sequence segment 6 and the corresponding protein sequence VP5 of Bluetongue serotype 12 virus as mentioned in SEQ ID No. 3 and SEQ ID No. 4 respectively, as the vaccine antigen against Blue Tongue virus serotype 12.
  • the said vaccine composition can be administered through any of the routes including but not limited to sub-cutaneous, intradermal and intra-mascu!ar route, wherein the dos volume of the said vaccine composition ranges from 0.1 ml to 2 ml.
  • the quantity of virus required for preparation of inactivated vaccines, virus-like particles and replication-defective virus is high when compared to the quantity used for MLVs.
  • fermenters need to be used.
  • micro-carriers or any other polymeric substrate are used to grow anchorage-dependent cells and the cells are infected with the virus to produce the virus in large quantity.
  • the micro-carriers and other polymeric substrates used for culture of anchorage dependent cells are very expensive leading to high vaccine production cost.
  • the current invention describes adaptation of BTV to suspension cell culture which can be used in large fermenters without using micro-carriers or any other polymeric substrates. Producing BTV in suspension cultures will reduce cost of vaccine production substantially.
  • the virus produced in suspension culture could be completely inactivated using inactivants like BEI, only Formaldehyde and/or combination of them and the inactivated preparation could elicit virus neutralizing immune response in ruminants including but not limited to goat, sheep, cattle, buffaloes.
  • the current invention describes the use of suspension cultures of BHK-21 cells for production of large quantities of bluetongue virus which can be used for vaccine preparation.
  • the virus produced in suspension cultures can be used for preparation of live attenuated vaccines and inactivated vaccines.
  • replication defective viruses can also be produced in large quantities in suspension cells expressing complementing protein.
  • Use of suspension cultures will enable the vaccine manufacturer to produce vaccine in mammalian cells in large quantities;..
  • BTV can also grow in insect cells and adaptation of insects cells to suspension cells and adaptation of BTV to suspension adapted insect will enable production of BTV in large quantities which can be used for preparation of vaccines.
  • the vaccine is prepared by propagating BTV- 12 virus which is adapted to suspension cultures of BHK-21 cells.
  • the virus propagated in mammal ian cells or insect cells is clarified, concentrated and inactivated using a suitable inactivant and mixed with a suitable adjuvant and administered parenterally to ruminants to protect them against bluetongue caused by BTV-12 infection.
  • a suitable inactivant and mixed with a suitable adjuvant and administered parenterally to ruminants to protect them against bluetongue caused by BTV-12 infection.
  • segment 6 nucleotide sequence (as disclosed in SEQ ID No.3) of BTV-12, which code for VP2 and VP5 proteins respectively, differ significantly from the same segments of the other serotypes of BTV, inferring that VP2 and VP5 proteins respectively disclosed in SEQ ID No.2 and SEQ ID No.4 of the BTV-12 in the inactivated vaccine are responsible for generation of neutralizing antibodies against BTV-12.
  • the BTV-12 virus used for vaccine production has segment 2 nucleotide sequence as disclosed in SEQ ID No. l .
  • the SEQ ID No. l was deposited at NCBI GENEBANK on 07 January 2014 having the details: Bluetongue virus 12 isolate INDAPADBNMOI/l 1 segment 2 complete nucleotide sequence, having the accession number KC662613.1, and GI569533057.
  • the BTV-12 virus used for vaccine production has VP2 protein sequence as disclosed in SEQ ID No.2 translated from SEQ ID No. l .
  • the SEQ ID No.2 protein sequence VP2 of Bluetongue virus-12 was deposited at NCBI GENEBANK having the accession number AHE41333, and GI569533058 on 07 January 2014.
  • the BTV-12 virus used for vaccine production has segment 6 nucleotide sequence as disclosed in SEQ ID No.3.
  • the SEQ ID No.3 was deposited at NCBI GENEBANK on 07 January 2014 having the details: Bluetongue virus 12 isolate iNDAPADBNMOI/l 1 segment 6 complete nucleotide sequence, having the accession number KC662617.1, and GI569533065.
  • the BTV-12 virus used for vaccine production has VP5 protein sequence as disclosed in SEQ ID No.4 translated from SEQ ID No.3.
  • the SEQ ID No.4 protein sequence VP2 of Bluetongue virus-12 was deposited at NCBI GENEBANK having the accession number AHE41337, and GI569533066 on 07 January 2014.
  • the vaccine or immunogenic compound is used for prevention and prophylaxis of bluetongue disease caused by BTV- 12 in ruminants including but not limited to goat, sheep, cattle, buffaloes.
  • the vaccine is made up of inactivated virus or virus-like particle or replication-defective BTV with biologically acceptable adjuvant to be used is selected from the group consisting of one or more of aluminum hydroxide, saponin, mineral oil with mannitol oleate emulsion or any oil emulsion.
  • the animal to be vaccinated is a ruminant including but not limited to goat, sheep, cattle, buffaloes.
  • BTV-12 virus is inactivated with ionizing radiation such as X-rays, gamma rays etc, formaldehyde alone, binary ethyleneimine, or beta-propiolactone, alone or in combination.
  • ionizing radiation such as X-rays, gamma rays etc, formaldehyde alone, binary ethyleneimine, or beta-propiolactone, alone or in combination.
  • the vaccine preparation is injected intramuscularly or sub-cutaneousely or intra-dermally or one of the said route in combination with the said routes or other routes.
  • suspension cultures are better for large scale propagation of bluetongue virus. BHK-21 cells which can grow in suspension are suitable for this purpose.
  • Chloroform can be used for treating the whole virus lysate or pellet fraction to release the membrane or cell bound virus thus improving the virus yields which will reduce vaccine production cost. Further use of Chloroform will substantially reduce the endotoxin levels in the vaccine preparation and thus reduce the adverse reactions to the vaccine preparation.
  • inactivating agents can be used for inactivation of bluetongue virus without losing immunogenicity.
  • inactivants which will not affect the structure of the virus can also be used for inactivation of BTV.
  • the inactivants are not only chemicals but also include ionizing radiations.
  • Example 1 Isolation of Bluetongue virus serotype 12
  • Example 2 Adaptation of the virus to suspension cell cultures:
  • BTV at a multiplicity of infection ( ⁇ ) at 10 "3 was added to suspension cultures of BHK-21 cells and the cells were observed daily for cytopathic effect.
  • the virus suspension from the first passage was triturated and used for infecting BHK-21 suspension cells at a MOI of 10 " and the virus produced is stocked as seed virus for vaccine production.
  • the virus was adopted to suspension cell lines of BHK-21 (BHK21 C 13-2P: HPA cultures-841 1 1301 ; BHK21-Razi cells; BHK21-Hektor: HPA cultures-05062301 ; BHK21 -InVitrus: HPA cultures- 05062302) and the litres of the virus were found to be improved upon passaging in suspension cultures. Adapting the virus to suspension culture improved the titers of the virus thus increasing the yield of the vaccine produced (Table 1).
  • BTV binds to the cells or cell membranes and hence the virus is lost during clarification of the cell lysate before using it for vaccine preparation. Recovering of the cell bound virus will increase the virus yields and reduce the cost of vaccine production.
  • the inventors have used different methods to release the cell membrane bound virus. The virus titres were estimated before and after each treatment. The results were shown in Table 2.
  • Freeze thawing of the lysate The cell lysate was freeze thawed by placing the lysate alternatively at -80°C in a deep freezer and 25°C water bath. After three cycles of freeze thaw it was found that there is substantial increase in virus titres in supernatant and pellet fraction. However it is not a practical method when large volumes of lysates are produced for vaccine production.
  • Treatment with Chloroform Chloroform solubilizes the lipid and it evaporates easily. Treatment with chloroform was found to substantial increase in virus titre from pellet fraction. Chloroform can be used for treating the whole virus lysate or pellet fraction to release the membrane or cell bound virus thus improving the virus yields which will reduce vaccine production cost.
  • Chloroform will substantially reduce the endotoxin levels in the vaccine preparation and thus reduce the adverse reactions to the vaccine preparation.
  • Treatment with cholorofom will reduce the aggregates and improve the inactivation kinetics of different inactivanting agents.
  • BTV- 12 and samples were taken on hourly intervals, neutralized with sodium thiosulphate, and inoculated onto BHK-21 cells and the cells were maintained for 20 days with intermittent addition of medium and changing medium at every five day interval.
  • the flasks were observed for BTV specific cytopathic effect (CPE).
  • CPE BTV specific cytopathic effect
  • RNA was isolated from the cells and tested for presence of BTV-RNA using RT-PCR. It was found that concentrations 3mM or less than 3 mM were not suitable for inactivation of BTV-12. However, Addition of 0.04% formaldehyde improved the inactivation of BTV-12 at less than 3 mM concentration of BEI. Additionally.
  • Inactivated vaccine antigen of BTV- 12 as prepared from the above disclosed examples was formulated with different adjuvants.
  • the vaccine formulation comprises of a purified and inactivated bluetongue virus of serotype 12 (BTV- 12) as the vaccine antigen, wherein the purified Bluetongue virus is inactivated either before or after purification by any of the above methods as disclosed in tables 3.1 to 3.3, along with a suitable adjuvant wherein the adjuvant was selected from aluminum hydroxide, saponin, mineral oil with mannitol oleate emulsion or any water-in-oil, or oil-in-water emulsion.
  • the vaccine dose can range from 0.1 ml to 2 ml, wherein the concentration of the vaccine antigen (SEQ ID No.2 and SEQ ID No.4) present in the vaccine composition as disclosed in this invention is present from 10 5 O TCID 5 o to 10 7 0 TCID 50 per dose.
  • the vaccine composition comprises the vaccine antigen is as disclosed in SEQ ID No.2 or a sequence which is identical to SEQ ID No.2 having at least 80% similarity to SEQ ID No.2 that is to say the variation in amino acid sequence is not more than 1 to 190 amino acids as compared to SEQ ID No.2.
  • the vaccine composition comprises the vaccine antigen is as disclosed in SEQ ID No.4 or a sequence which is identical to SEQ ID No.4 having at least 80% similarity to SEQ ID No.4 that is to say the variation in amino acid sequence is not more than 1 to 105 amino acids as compared to SEQ ID No.4.
  • the vaccine composition comprise the vaccine antigen, wherein the vaccine antigen is a virus like particle synthetically derived from SEQ ID No. 2 and SEQ ID No.4, or SEQ ID No. l and SEQ ID No.3.
  • the vaccine composition comprises the vaccine antigen which is a reassortant generated by using recombinant DNA technology derived from SEQ ID No.2 and SEQ ID No.4 or SEQ ID No. 1 and SEQ ID No.3.
  • the vaccine composition comprises the vaccine antigen which is a replication-defective BTV-12 derived from SEQ ID No.2 and SEQ ID No.4 or SEQ ID No. l and SEQ ID No.3.
  • Antibodies raised against inactivated BTV- 1 , BTV-2, BTV-9, BTV- 10, BTV- 12, BTV-16, BTV-21 and BTV-23 could neutralize the homotype virus but failed to neutralize 100 TCID 5 o BTV-12 virus at 1 : 10 serum dilution (Table 5).
  • the nucleotide sequence of BTV-12 virus used in this study Complete nucleotide sequence of BTV-12 used in this was determined and the segment 2 and 6 of the virus were different from segment 2 and 6 of the other serotypes. SEQ ID No. 1
  • serotypes 10 and 17 evidence for genetic reassortment in the vertebrate host. Journal of Virology, 1987. 61(4): p. 1086.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne des compositions de vaccin contre le sérotype 12 de la fièvre catarrhale du mouton, et une préparation de vaccin contre la fièvre catarrhale du mouton dans des cellules en suspension. En outre, l'invention concerne un vaccin préventif contre la fièvre catarrhale du mouton ou une infection causée par le sérotype 12 du virus de la fièvre catarrhale du mouton (BTV-12) chez des ruminants. L'invention concerne également des procédés d'inactivation du virus de la fièvre catarrhale du mouton.
PCT/IN2014/000204 2013-03-31 2014-04-01 Composition de vaccin contre la prophylaxie chez des ruminants WO2014167582A2 (fr)

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EP3186367A4 (fr) * 2014-08-29 2018-01-24 Biovet Private Limited Vaccin contre le virus de la fièvre catarrhale et ses procédés de fabrication
CN109200282A (zh) * 2018-11-23 2019-01-15 中国兽医药品监察所 一种羊痘灭活疫苗及其生产方法
CN112870346A (zh) * 2021-01-21 2021-06-01 云南省畜牧兽医科学院 一种蓝舌病病毒二价灭活疫苗的制备方法

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EP3186367A4 (fr) * 2014-08-29 2018-01-24 Biovet Private Limited Vaccin contre le virus de la fièvre catarrhale et ses procédés de fabrication
CN109200282A (zh) * 2018-11-23 2019-01-15 中国兽医药品监察所 一种羊痘灭活疫苗及其生产方法
CN112870346A (zh) * 2021-01-21 2021-06-01 云南省畜牧兽医科学院 一种蓝舌病病毒二价灭活疫苗的制备方法

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