Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
  • C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
  • C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
  • C07K16/2803—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the immunoglobulin superfamily
  • C07K16/283—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the immunoglobulin superfamily against Fc-receptors, e.g. CD16, CD32, CD64
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
  • A61K39/395—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K40/00—Cellular immunotherapy
  • A61K40/10—Cellular immunotherapy characterised by the cell type used
  • A61K40/11—T-cells, e.g. tumour infiltrating lymphocytes [TIL] or regulatory T [Treg] cells; Lymphokine-activated killer [LAK] cells
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K40/00—Cellular immunotherapy
  • A61K40/40—Cellular immunotherapy characterised by antigens that are targeted or presented by cells of the immune system
  • A61K40/46—Viral antigens
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/12—Antivirals
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/12—Antivirals
  • A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/12—Antivirals
  • A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
  • A61P31/16—Antivirals for RNA viruses for influenza or rhinoviruses
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/12—Antivirals
  • A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
  • A61P31/18—Antivirals for RNA viruses for HIV
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/12—Antivirals
  • A61P31/20—Antivirals for DNA viruses
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/12—Antivirals
  • A61P31/20—Antivirals for DNA viruses
  • A61P31/22—Antivirals for DNA viruses for herpes viruses
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
  • A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
  • A61P37/04—Immunostimulants
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
  • C07K16/08—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from viruses
  • C07K16/081—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from viruses from DNA viruses
  • C07K16/084—Papovaviridae, e.g. papillomavirus, polyomavirus, SV40, BK virus, JC virus
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
  • C07K16/08—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from viruses
  • C07K16/081—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from viruses from DNA viruses
  • C07K16/085—Herpetoviridae, e.g. pseudorabies virus, Epstein-Barr virus
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
  • C07K16/08—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from viruses
  • C07K16/10—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from viruses from RNA viruses
  • C07K16/1027—Paramyxoviridae, e.g. respiratory syncytial virus
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
  • C07K16/08—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from viruses
  • C07K16/10—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from viruses from RNA viruses
  • C07K16/1036—Retroviridae, e.g. leukemia viruses
  • C07K16/1045—Lentiviridae, e.g. HIV, FIV, SIV
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
  • C07K16/08—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from viruses
  • C07K16/10—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from viruses from RNA viruses
  • C07K16/1036—Retroviridae, e.g. leukemia viruses
  • C07K16/1045—Lentiviridae, e.g. HIV, FIV, SIV
  • C07K16/1063—Lentiviridae, e.g. HIV, FIV, SIV env, e.g. gp41, gp110/120, gp160, V3, PND, CD4 binding site
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
  • C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
  • C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
  • C07K16/2803—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the immunoglobulin superfamily
  • C07K16/2809—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the immunoglobulin superfamily against the T-cell receptor (TcR)-CD3 complex
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
  • C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
  • C12N5/06—Animal cells or tissues; Human cells or tissues
  • C12N5/0602—Vertebrate cells
  • C12N5/0634—Cells from the blood or the immune system
  • C12N5/0636—T lymphocytes
  • C12N5/0638—Cytotoxic T lymphocytes [CTL] or lymphokine activated killer cells [LAK]
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
  • A61K2039/505—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising antibodies
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
  • C07K2317/30—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by aspects of specificity or valency
  • C07K2317/31—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by aspects of specificity or valency multispecific
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
  • C07K2317/60—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by non-natural combinations of immunoglobulin fragments
  • C07K2317/62—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by non-natural combinations of immunoglobulin fragments comprising only variable region components
  • C07K2317/626—Diabody or triabody
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
  • C07K2317/70—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by effect upon binding to a cell or to an antigen
  • C07K2317/73—Inducing cell death, e.g. apoptosis, necrosis or inhibition of cell proliferation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
  • C07K2317/90—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by (pharmaco)kinetic aspects or by stability of the immunoglobulin
  • C07K2317/92—Affinity (KD), association rate (Ka), dissociation rate (Kd) or EC50 value
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
  • C12N2510/00—Genetically modified cells
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
  • C12N2710/00—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA dsDNA viruses
  • C12N2710/00011—Details
  • C12N2710/16011—Herpesviridae
  • C12N2710/16211—Lymphocryptovirus, e.g. human herpesvirus 4, Epstein-Barr Virus
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
  • C12N2710/00—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA dsDNA viruses
  • C12N2710/00011—Details
  • C12N2710/20011—Papillomaviridae
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
  • C12N2740/00—Reverse transcribing RNA viruses
  • C12N2740/00011—Details
  • C12N2740/10011—Retroviridae
  • C12N2740/16011—Human Immunodeficiency Virus, HIV
  • C12N2740/16111—Human Immunodeficiency Virus, HIV concerning HIV env
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
  • C12N2760/00—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA ssRNA viruses negative-sense
  • C12N2760/00011—Details
  • C12N2760/18011—Paramyxoviridae
  • C12N2760/18511—Pneumovirus, e.g. human respiratory syncytial virus
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
  • Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

Definitions

• an Antigen Presenting Cell In the first interaction, an Antigen Presenting Cell must display the relevant target antigen bound to the cell's major histocompatibility complex so that it can bind to the T-cell Receptor ("TCR") of a naive CD4+ T-lymphocyte.
• TCR T-cell Receptor
• a ligand of the Antigen Presenting Cell In the second interaction, a ligand of the Antigen Presenting Cell must bind to a CD28 receptor of the CD4+ T-lymphocyte (Dong, C. et al. (2003) "Immune Regulation by Novel Costimulatory Molecules " Immunolog. Res. 28(l):39-48; Lindley, P.S. et al. (2009) "The Clinical Utility Of Inhibiting CD28-Mediated Costimulation," Immunol.
• antibodies can be used to make antibody conjugates in which the antibody is linked to a toxic agent and directs that agent to the tumor by specifically binding to the tumor.
• Gemtuzumab ozogamicin is an example of an approved antibody conjugate used for the treatment of leukemia in human patients.
• the invention further concerns any of the above-described bispecific molecules, wherein the effector cell is a T-cell, a CD4+ T-cell, a CD8+ T-cell, a natural killer cell, a macrophage, a granulocyte, or a dendritic cell.
• the effector cell is a T-cell, a CD4+ T-cell, a CD8+ T-cell, a natural killer cell, a macrophage, a granulocyte, or a dendritic cell.
• the invention further concerns any of the above-described bispecific molecules, wherein the antigen expressed by the cell infected with the virus is selected from the group consisting of LMP-1, LMP-2, influenza M 2 protein, HIV env protein, HPV E6 and HPV E7.
• the invention further concerns any of the above-described bispecific molecules, wherein the antigen expressed by the cell infected with the virus is detectably present on the cell at a level that is at least 5 times greater than the level, if any, at which the antigen is detected on the virus by the bispecific molecule.
• the invention further concerns any of the above-described bispecific molecules, wherein the antigen expressed by the cell infected with the virus is detectably present on the cell at a level that is at least 100 times greater than the level, if any, at which the antigen is detected on the virus by the bispecific molecule.
• the invention further concerns any of the above-described bispecific molecules, wherein the antigen is detectably present on the cell infected by the virus at a level that is greater than the level at which the antigen is detected by the bispecific molecule on a cell that is not infected by the virus.
• the invention further concerns any of the above-described bispecific molecules, wherein the antigen is detectably present on the cell infected by the virus at a level that is at least 10 times greater than the level at which the antigen is detected by the bispecific molecule on a cell that is not infected by the virus.
• the invention further concerns a pharmaceutical composition
• the invention further concerns a method of treating a persistent virus infection in an individual in need of such treatment, the method comprising the step of administering a therapeutically effective amount of a bispecific molecule to the individual, the bispecific molecule comprising:
• the invention further concerns the embodiment of such method, wherein the first epitope-binding domain of the bispecific molecule binds an activating receptor of the effector cell.
• the invention further concerns methods of treating an inactive virus infection in an individual in need of such treatment, the method comprising the step of administering a therapeutically effective amount of a bispecific molecule to the individual, the bispecific molecule comprising:
• A a first epitope-binding domain, the first epitope-binding domain being capable of immunospecifically binding to a protein expressed on the surface of an immune effector cell, wherein the immune effector cell expresses an epitope of an activating receptor of an effector cell, and
• the present invention relates to bispecific molecules that are capable of localizing an immune effector cell that expresses an activating receptor to a virally infected cell, so as to thereby facilitate the killing of the virally infected cell.
• such localization is accomplished using bispecific molecules that are immunoreactive both to an activating receptor of an immune effector cell and to an epitope of an antigen expressed by a cell infected with a virus.
• the present invention additionally concerns the use of such bispecific molecules in the treatment of latent viral infections, persistent viral infections and inactive viral infections, and the use of such bispecific molecules in methods to kill cells containing a viral genome or cell expressing a viral protein.
• bispecific molecules The capacity of such bispecific molecules to bind to both an activating receptor of an immune effector cell an epitope of an antigen expressed by a cell infected with a virus permits such bispecific molecules to be used in the treatment of active viral infections, latent viral infections, persistent viral infections, and inactive viral infections.
• the term "monoclonal antibody” encompasses not only intact monoclonal antibodies and full- length monoclonal antibodies, but also fragments thereof (such as Fab, Fab', F(ab') 2 Fv), single chain (scFv), mutants thereof, fusion proteins comprising an antibody portion, humanized monoclonal antibodies, chimeric monoclonal antibodies, and any other modified configuration of the immunoglobulin molecule that comprises an antigen recognition site of the required specificity and the ability to bind to an antigen. It is not intended to be limited as regards to the source of the antibody or the manner in which it is made ⁇ e.g., by hybridoma, phage selection, recombinant expression, transgenic animals, etc.). The term includes whole immunoglobulins as well as the fragments etc. described above under the definition of "antibody.”
• chimeric antibody refers to a chimeric molecule, generally prepared using recombinant techniques, having a variable region derived from an immunoglobulin from a non-human species and the remaining immunoglobulin structure of the molecule based upon the structure and /or sequence of a human immunoglobulin.
• humanized antibody refers to a molecule, generally prepared using recombinant techniques, having an antigen binding site derived from an immunoglobulin from a non-human species and the remaining immunoglobulin structure of the molecule based upon the structure and /or sequence of a human immunoglobulin.
• the antigen-binding site may comprise either complete variable domains fused onto constant domains or only the complementarity determining regions (CDRs) grafted onto appropriate framework regions in the variable domains.
• Antigen binding sites may be wild type or modified by one or more amino acid substitutions. This eliminates the constant region as an immunogen in human individuals, but the possibility of an immune response to the foreign variable region remains (LoBuglio, A.F. et al.
• variable regions of both heavy and light chains contain three complementarity- determining regions (CDRs) which vary in response to the antigens in question and determine binding capability, flanked by four framework regions (FRs) which are relatively conserved in a given species and which putatively provide a scaffolding for the CDRs.
• CDRs complementarity- determining regions
• humanized antibodies preserve all CDR sequences (for example, a humanized mouse antibody which contains all six CDRs from the mouse antibodies).
• humanized antibodies have one or more CDRs (one, two, three, four, five, or six) which are altered with respect to the original antibody, which are also termed one or more CDRs "derived from" one or more CDRs from the original antibody.
• diabody refers to a molecule that comprises at least two polypeptide chains that preferably associate through a covalent interaction to form at least two epitope binding sites, which may recognize the same or different epitopes.
• Each of the polypeptide chains of a diabody comprises an immunoglobulin light chain variable region and an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region, but these regions do not interact to form an epitope binding site. Rather, the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region of one ⁇ e.g., the first) of the diabody polypeptide chains interacts with the immunoglobulin light chain variable region of a different ⁇ e.g., the second) diabody polypeptide chain to form an epitope binding site.
• an antibody or a polypeptide is said to "specifically" bind a region of another molecule ⁇ i.e., an epitope) if it reacts or associates more frequently, more rapidly, with greater duration and/or with greater affinity with that epitope relative to alternative epitopes.
• an antibody that specifically binds to a viral epitope is an antibody that binds this viral epitope with greater affinity, avidity, more readily, and /or with greater duration than it binds to other viral epitopes or non-viral epitopes.
• the term "immunologically active" in reference to an epitope being or “remaining immunologically active” refers to the ability of an antibody ⁇ e.g., an anti-viral antibody or an antibody that binds an activating receptor of an immune cell or a protein present on the surface of an immune effector cell that expresses such an activating receptor) to bind to the epitope under different conditions, for example, after the epitope has been subjected to reducing and denaturing conditions.
• Agents that are employed in the methods of this invention can be randomly selected or rationally selected or designed.
• an agent is said to be randomly selected when the agent is chosen without prior consideration or knowledge of the specific amino acid or other chemical moieties involved in the association of the molecule with its native binding partner(s) or known antibodies.
• An example of a randomly selected agent is an agent that is identified through the use and screening of a chemical library or a peptide combinatorial library.
• biological sample encompasses a variety of sample types obtained from a companion animal that can be used in a diagnostic or monitoring assay.
• the definition encompasses saliva, blood and other liquid samples of biological origin, solid tissue samples such as a biopsy specimen or tissue cultures or cells derived therefrom, and the progeny thereof, for example, cells obtained from a tissue sample of an individual suspected of having a viral infection.
• the definition also includes samples that have been manipulated in any way after their procurement, such as by treatment with reagents, solubilization, or enrichment for certain components, such as proteins or polynucleotides, or embedding in a semi-solid or solid matrix for sectioning purposes.
• biological sample encompasses a clinical sample, and also includes cells in culture, cell supernatants, cell lysates, serum, plasma, biological fluid, and tissue samples.
• the term "delaying development of infection” means to defer, hinder, slow, retard, stabilize, and/or postpone development of such infection. This delay can be of varying lengths of time, depending on the history of the infection and/or individual being treated. As is evident to one skilled in the art, a sufficient or significant delay can, in effect, encompass prevention, in that the individual does not develop the infection.
• an effective amount of drug, compound, or pharmaceutical composition is an amount sufficient to reduce the proliferation of (or the effect of) viral presence and to reduce and /or delay the development of the viral disease, either directly or indirectly.
• an effective amount of a drug, compound, or pharmaceutical composition may or may not be achieved in conjunction with another drug, compound, or pharmaceutical composition.
• an "effective amount" may be considered in the context of administering one or more chemotherapeutic agents, and a single agent may be considered to be given in an effective amount if, in conjunction with one or more other agents, a desirable result may be or is achieved. While individual needs vary, determination of optimal ranges of effective amounts of each component is within the skill of the art.
• the dosage administered is between 0.0001 mg/kg body weight and 20 mg/kg body weight, 0.0001 mg/kg body weight and 10 mg/kg body weight, 0.0001 mg/kg body weight and 5 mg/kg body weight, 0.0001 mg/kg body weight and 2 mg/kg body weight, 0.0001 mg/kg body weight and 1 mg/kg body weight, or 0.0001 mg/kg body weight and 0.75 mg/kg/body weight.
• nucleic acid molecule or agent, antibody, composition or cell, etc. is said to be "isolated" when that nucleic acid molecule, agent, antibody, composition, or cell, etc. is substantially separated from contaminant nucleic acid molecules, antibodies, agents, compositions, or cells, etc. naturally present in its original source.
• substantially pure refers to material that is at least 50% pure (i.e., free from contaminants), more preferably at least 90 % pure, more preferably at least 95%) pure, more preferably at least 98%> pure, more preferably at least 99%> pure, and most preferably greater than 99% pure.
• toxin refers to any substance, which effects an adverse response within a cell.
• a toxin directed to an infected cell would have an adverse, sometimes deleterious effect, on the infected cell.
• examples of toxins include, but are not limited to, radioisotopes, calicheamicin, and maytansinoids.
• treatment denote an approach for obtaining a beneficial or desired result including and preferably a beneficial or desired clinical result.
• beneficial or desired clinical results include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following: reducing the proliferation of (or destroying) infected cells or other diseased cells, decreasing symptoms resulting from the disease, increasing the quality of life of those suffering from the disease, decreasing the dose of other medications required to treat the disease, delaying the progression of the disease, and /or prolonging survival of companion animal recipients.
• the antibodies are produced by immunizing mice, rats or rabbits with an immunogenic amount of cells, cell extracts, or protein preparations that contain the desired viral epitope or desired activating receptor (e.g., FcyRIIA, FcyRIIA, FcyRIIC, CD3, TCR, CD4, CD2, CD 16, and NKG2D, etc) of an immune effector cell or the protein present on the surface of an immune effector cell that expresses such an activating receptor of an immune cell that is of interest.
• the immunogen can be, but is not limited to, primary cells, cultured cell lines, cancerous cells, nucleic acids, or tissue.
• monoclonal antibodies that bind to a desired viral epitope or a desired activating receptor of an immune effector cell or a protein present on the surface of an immune effector cell that expresses such an activating receptor are obtained using host cells that over-express such molecules
• a small biological sample (e.g., blood) may be obtained from the human patient or, more preferably, a non-human mammal and tested for antibody titer against the immunogen.
• the spleen and/or several large lymph nodes of such non-human mammal can be removed and dissociated into single cells.
• the spleen cells may be screened (after removal of non-specifically adherent cells) by applying a cell suspension to a plate or to a well coated with the antigen. B-cells, expressing membrane- bound immunoglobulin specific for the antigen, will bind to the plate, and are not rinsed away with the rest of the suspension.
• Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)- immortalized B cells may be used to produce monoclonal antibodies of the subject invention.
• the hybridomas are expanded and subcloned, if desired, and supernatants are assayed for anti-immunogen activity by conventional assay procedures (e.g., FACS, IHC, radioimmunoassay, enzyme immunoassay, fluorescence immunoassay, etc.).
• existing monoclonal antibodies and any other equivalent antibodies that are immunospecific for a desired viral epitope or a desired activating receptor of an immune effector cell or a protein present on the surface of an immune effector cell that expresses such an activating receptor can be sequenced and produced recombinantly by any means known in the art.
• such an antibody is sequenced and the polynucleotide sequence is then cloned into a vector for expression or propagation.
• the sequence encoding the antibody of interest may be maintained in a vector in a host cell and the host cell can then be expanded and frozen for future use.
• the invention includes modifications to the bispecific molecules of the invention that do not significantly affect their properties and variants that have enhanced or decreased activity. Modification of polypeptides is routine practice in the art and need not be described in detail herein. Examples of modified polypeptides include polypeptides with conservative substitutions of amino acid residues, one or more deletions or additions of amino acids which do not significantly deleteriously change the functional activity, or use of chemical analogs.
• the invention also encompasses fusion proteins comprising one or more fragments or regions from the polypeptides and antibodies of this invention.
• a fusion polypeptide is provided that comprises at least 10 contiguous amino acids of variable light chain region and at least 10 amino acids of variable heavy chain region.
• the fusion polypeptide contains a heterologous immunoglobulin constant region.
• the fusion polypeptide contains a light chain variable region and a heavy chain variable region of an antibody produced from a publicly-deposited hybridoma.
• Polypeptides of the invention may be conveniently prepared using solid phase peptide synthesis (Merrifield, B. (1986) "Solid Phase Synthesis," Science 232(4748):341- 347; Houghten, R.A. (1985) General Method For The Rapid Solid-Phase Synthesis Of Large Numbers Of Peptides: Specificity Of Antigen-Antibody Interaction At The Level Of Individual Amino Acids " Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (U.S.A.) 82(15):5131- 135; Ganesan, A. (2006) “Solid-Phase Synthesis In The Twenty-First Century " Mini Rev. Med. Chem. 6(1):3- 10).
• the antibodies or protein of interest may be subjected to sequencing by Edman degradation, which is well known to those of skill in the art.
• Edman degradation is well known to those of skill in the art.
• the peptide information generated from mass spectrometry or Edman degradation can be used to design probes or primers that are used to clone the protein of interest.
• An alternative method of cloning the protein of interest is by "panning” using purified proteins or portions thereof for cells expressing the antibody or protein of interest.
• the “panning” procedure may be conducted by obtaining a cDNA library from tissues or cells that express or over-express the desired cDNAs in a second cell type, and screening the transfected cells of the second cell type for a specific binding to the desired protein.
• Detailed descriptions of the methods used in cloning mammalian genes coding for cell surface proteins by “panning” can be found in the art (see, for example, Aruffo, A. et al. (1987) "Molecular Cloning Of A CD28 cDNA By A High-Efficiency COS Cell Expression System " Proc. Natl.
• cDNAs encoding antibodies, and other peptide agonists, antagonists and modulators can be obtained by reverse transcribing the mRNAs from a particular cell type according to standard methods in the art. Specifically, mRNA can be isolated using various lytic enzymes or chemical solutions according to the procedures set forth in Sambrook et al. supra or extracted by commercially available nucleic-acid-binding resins following the accompanying instructions provided by manufacturers ⁇ e.g., Qiagen, Invitrogen, Promega). The synthesized cDNAs are then introduced into an expression vector to produce the antibody or protein of interest in cells of a second type.
• Suitable expression vectors include but are not limited to plasmids, viral vectors, including adenoviruses, adeno-associated viruses, retroviruses, and cosmids.
• the vectors containing the polynucleotides of interest can be introduced into the host cell by any of a number of appropriate means, including electroporation, transfection employing calcium chloride, rubidium chloride, calcium phosphate, DEAE-dextran, or other substances; microprojectile bombardment; lipofection; and infection (e.g., where the vector is an infectious agent such as vaccinia virus).
• electroporation employing calcium chloride, rubidium chloride, calcium phosphate, DEAE-dextran, or other substances
• microprojectile bombardment e.g., where the vector is an infectious agent such as vaccinia virus.
• infection e.g., where the vector is an infectious agent such as vaccinia virus.
• the choice of introducing vectors or polynucleotides will often depend on features of the host cell.
• Any host cells capable of over-expressing heterologous DNAs can be used for the purpose of isolating the genes encoding the antibody, polypeptide or protein of interest.
• suitable mammalian host cells include but are not limited to COS, HeLa, and CHO cells.
• the host cells express the cDNAs at a level of about 5 -fold higher, more preferably 10-fold higher, more preferably 20-fold higher, more preferably 50-fold higher, more preferably 100-fold higher than that of the corresponding endogenous antibody or protein of interest, if present, in the host cells.
• Screening the host cells for a specific binding to a desired protein is preferably effected by an immunoassay or FACS. A cell over- expressing the antibody or protein of interest can be identified in this way.
• mutant peptide agonists, antagonists, and modulators which encodes for additions, deletions, or changes in amino acid sequence of the resultant protein relative to the parent peptide agonist, antagonist or modulator molecule.
• the invention includes polypeptides comprising an amino acid sequence of the antibodies of this invention.
• the polypeptides of this invention can be made by procedures known in the art.
• the polypeptides can be produced by proteolytic or other degradation of the antibodies, by recombinant methods (i.e., single or fusion polypeptides) as described above or by chemical synthesis.
• Polypeptides of the antibodies, especially shorter polypeptides up to about 50 amino acids, are conveniently made by chemical synthesis. Methods of chemical synthesis are known in the art and are commercially available. For example, such a polypeptide could be produced by an automated polypeptide synthesizer employing the solid phase method.
• binding refers to biologically or immunologically relevant specific binding, and does not refer to non-specific binding that may occur, for example, when an immunoglobulin is used at a very high concentration against a non-specific target.
• monoclonal antibodies are screened for binding to desired proteins or epitopes using standard screening techniques. In this manner, monoclonal antibodies may be obtained.
• the preferred hybridomas of the present invention that produce antibodies directed against an activating receptor of an immune effector cell are those that produce antibodies against the activating receptors: CD3, TCR, CD4, CD2, CD16, and NKG2D.
• Additional monoclonal antibodies that bind to a desired activating receptor of an immune effector cell or a protein present on the surface of an immune effector cell that expresses such an activating receptor may be identified.
• monoclonal antibodies are screened for their differential ability to bind to such epitopes or proteins but not to other epitopes or proteins.
• One method that may be employed for screening is immunohistochemistry (IHC). Standard immunohistochemical techniques are known to those of average skill in the art. See, for example, ANIMAL CELL CULTURE METHODS (J.P. Mather and D. Barnes, eds., Academic Press, NY, Vol. 57, Ch. 18 and 19, pp. 314-350, 1998).
• tissues that may be used for screening purposes include but are not limited to ovary, breast, lung, prostate, colon, kidney, skin, thyroid, brain, heart, liver, stomach, nerve, blood vessels, bone, upper digestive tract, and pancreas.
• a detectable marker e.g., horseradish peroxidase, HRP, or diaminobenzedine, DAB.
• polyMICATM polyclonal Mirror Image Complementary Antibodies
• the Binding Site Limited Birmingham, UK
• the PolyMICATM technique can be used to test binding of primary antibodies to normal and infected tissue.
• polyMICATM Detection kits are commercially available: Product No. HK004.D is a polyMICATM Detection kit which uses DAB chromagen; Product No. HK004.A is a polyMICATM Detection kit which uses AEC chromagen.
• the primary antibody may be directly labeled with the detectable marker.
• the first step in IHC screening to select for an appropriate antibody is the binding of primary antibodies raised in mice (e.g., anti-activating receptor antibodies) to one or more immunogens (e.g., cells or tissue samples).
• immunogens e.g., cells or tissue samples.
• the tissue sample is sections of frozen tissue from different organs.
• the cells or tissue samples can comprise either infected cells or non-infected cells.
• Any of several methods can be used to characterize the antibodies of the present invention.
• One method is to identify the epitope to which it binds.
• Epitope mapping is commercially available from various sources, for example, Pepscan Systems (Lelystad, The Netherlands). Epitope mapping can be used to determine the sequence to which an antibody binds.
• the epitope can be a linear epitope, i.e., contained in a single stretch of amino acids, or a conformational epitope formed by a three-dimensional interaction of amino acids that may not necessarily be contained in a single stretch.
• Peptides of varying lengths can be isolated or synthesized (e.g., recombinantly) and used for binding assays with an antibody.
• the epitope to which the antibody binds can be determined in a systematic screening by using overlapping peptides derived from the extracellular sequence and determining binding by antibody.
• compositions including pharmaceutical compositions, comprising the bispecific molecules of the invention, polypeptides derived from such bispecific molecules, polynucleotides comprising sequences encoding such bispecific molecules or polypeptides, and other agents as described herein.
• preferred antibodies include those that bind to epitopes of an adenovirus, an adeno-associated virus, a B virus (macacine herpesvirus I), a BK virus, a bunyavirus, a chikungunya virus, a cocksackie virus, a coronavirus (e.g., M protein, etc.), a cytomegalovirus, an eastern equine encephalitis virus, an ebola virus, an enterovirus, an Epstein-Barr virus (e.g., LMP-1 , LMP-2, etc.), a hantavirus, a hepatitis A virus, a hepatitis B virus, a hepatitis C virus, a hepatitis D virus, a hepatitis E virus, a herpes simplex virus 1 , a herpes simplex virus 2, a human foamy
• a Rift Valley fever virus a rotavirus
• rubella virus a St Louis encephalitis virus
• variola major virus a variola minor virus
• vericella- zoster virus a West Nile virus
• West Nile virus a western equine encephalitis virus
• yellow fever virus a yellow fever virus.
• Such antibodies are available commercially from a wide number of sources, or can be obtained by immunizing mice or other animals (including for the production of monoclonal antibodies) with such viruses.
• preferred antibodies include anti-CD3 antibodies OKT3, M291 , YTH12.5, anti- CD3 antibody 1 and anti-CD3 antibody 2; anti-TCR Antibody BMA031 ; anti-CD8 antibody TRX2; anti-CD4 antibody TRX1 ; anti-CD2 antibody Lo-CD2a (ATCC Accession No: 1 1423); anti-CD16 antibody 3G8 and A9; anti-NKG2D antibody KYK 2.0.
• the amino acid sequences of the variable light chain and variable heavy chain of these antibodies are shown below. Those of skill in the art will therefore be able to construct bispecific molecules having such CDRs, as well as antibodies and derivatives thereof, including humanized derivatives thereof, capable of binding to the epitopes recognized by these antibodies.
• Anti-CD3 Antibodies include anti-CD3 antibodies OKT3, M291 , YTH12.5, anti- CD3 antibody 1 and anti-CD3 antibody 2; anti-TCR Antibody BMA031 ; anti-CD8 antibody TRX2; anti-CD4 antibody
• MGWSCIILFL VATATGVHSD IQLTQPNSVS TSLGSTVKLS CTLSSGNIEN NYVHWYQLYE GRSPTTMIYD DDKRPDGVPD RFSGSIDRSS NSAFLTIHNV AIEDEAI YFC HSYVSSFNVF GGGTKLTVLR
• Anti-CD3 Antibody 1 Light Chain Variable Region (SEQ ID NO:7) (CDRs shown underlined)::
• TKLQITR Anti-CD3 Antibody 1 Heavy Chain Variable Region SEQ ID NO: 8 (CDRs shown underlined)::
• Anti-CD3 Antibody 2 Light Chain Variable Region SEQ ID NO:9 (CDRs shown underlined):
• Anti-CD3 Antibody 2 Heavy Chain Variable Region (SEQ ID NO: 10) (CDRs shown underlined):
• DIVMTQSPDS LAVSLGERAT I CKASQSVD YDGDSYM WY QQKPGQPPKL LIYVASNLES GVPDRFSGSG SGTDFTLTIS SLQAEDVAVY YCQQSLQDPP TFGGGTKVEI KR
• A9 Heavy Chain Variable Region (SEQ ID NO: 22) (CDRs shown underlined):
• the invention further provides for conjugates of any antibody, agonist or antagonist that binds a desired viral epitope or a desired activating receptor of an immune effector cell or a protein present on the surface of an immune effector cell that expresses such an activating receptor.
• conjugates include agonists, antagonists or modulators covalently bound to a macromolecule such as any insoluble, solid support matrix used in the diagnostic, screening or purification procedures discussed herein.
• Suitable matrix materials include any substance that is chemically inert, has high porosity and has large numbers of functional groups capable of forming covalent linkages with peptide ligands. Examples of matrix materials and procedures for preparation of matrix-ligand conjugates are described in Dean et al. (Eds) AFFINITY CHROMATOGRAPHY: A PRACTICAL APPROACH, IRL Press (1985); Lowe, "An Introduction to Affinity Chromatography", in Work et al.
• the antibody, agonist or antagonist that binds a desired viral epitope or a desired activating receptor of an immune effector cell or a protein present on the surface of an immune effector cell that expresses such an activating receptor are further identified and characterized by an ability to specifically bind to molecules that are expressed on the surfaces of human and/or non-human companion animal cells, and optionally any (one or more) of the following criteria:
• the invention also provides polypeptides comprising an amino acid sequence of the antibodies of the invention.
• the polypeptide comprises one or more of the light chain and /or heavy chain variable regions of the antibody.
• the polypeptide comprises one or more of the light chain and /or heavy chain CDRs of the antibody.
• the polypeptide comprises three CDRs of the light chain and /or heavy chain of the antibody.
• the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence of the antibody that has any of the following: at least 5 contiguous amino acids of a sequence of the original antibody, at least 8 contiguous amino acids, at least about 10 contiguous amino acids, at least about 15 contiguous amino acids, at least about 20 contiguous amino acids, at least about 25 contiguous amino acids, at least about 30 contiguous amino acids, wherein at least 3 of the amino acids are from a variable region of the antibody.
• the variable region is from a light chain of the original antibody.
• the variable region is from a heavy chain of the antibody.
• the 5 (or more) contiguous amino acids are from a complementarity- determining region (CDR) of the antibody.
• the present invention additionally encompasses "bispecific diabody molecules (dual affinity retargeting reagent) molecules that comprise at least two polypeptide chains which form at least two epitope binding sites, at least one of which specifically binds to an epitope of a protein expressed on the surface of an immune effector cell, wherein the immune effector cell expresses an activating receptor of an effector cell, and at least one of which specifically binds to an epitope of an antigen expressed by a cell infected with a virus; wherein the antigen is detectably present on the cell infected by the virus at a level that is greater than the level at which the antigen is detected on the virus by the bispecific molecule.
• the first polypeptide chain of the diabody comprises:
• a domain (A) comprising a binding region of a light chain variable domain of a first immunoglobulin (VL1) specific for an epitope (1);
• a domain (B) comprising a binding region of a heavy chain variable domain of a second immunoglobulin (VH2) specific for an epitope (2);
• the second polypeptide chain of such a diabody comprises:
• a domain (D) comprising a binding region of a light chain variable domain of the second immunoglobulin (VL2) specific for epitope (2);
• a domain (E) comprising a binding region of a heavy chain variable domain of the first immunoglobulin (VH1) specific for epitope (1);
• Epitope (1) above can refer to an epitope of a viral protein, and epitope (2) to an epitope of an activating receptor or an epitope of a protein expressed on the surface of an immune effector cell that expresses an activating receptor.
• Epitope (1) above can refer to an epitope of an activating receptor or an epitope of a protein expressed on the surface of an immune effector cell that expresses an activating receptor, and epitope (2) to an epitope of a viral protein.
• the diabody domains (A) and (B) do not associate with one another to form an epitope binding site. Similarly, the diabody domains (D) and (E) do not associate with one another to form an epitope binding site. Rather, diabody domains (A) and (E) associate to form a binding site that binds epitope (1); said diabody domains (B) and (D) associate to form a binding site that binds said epitope (2). Domains (C) and (F) are covalently associated together. Methods for forming diabody molecules and specific orientations of the diabody domains are disclosed in US Patent Publications Nos. 2010/0174053, US 2009/0060910 and US 2007/0004909.
• VH or VL domain is constrained to any position within the polypeptide chain, i.e., restricted to the amino (N) or carboxy (C) terminus, nor are the domains restricted in their relative positions to one another, i.e., the VL domain may be N-terminal to the VH domain and vice-versa; however, it is preferred that the VL domain may be N-terminal to the VH domain.
• the only restriction is that a complimentary polypeptide chain be available in order to form functional diabodies. Where the VL and VH domains are derived from the same antibody, the two complimentary polypeptide chains may be identical.
• each polypeptide will comprise a VHA and a VLA. Homodimerization of two polypeptide chains of the antibody will result in the formation two VLA-VHA binding sites, resulting in a bivalent monospecific antibody ( Figure 1A).
• the VL and VH domains are derived from antibodies specific for different antigens, formation of a functional bispecific diabody requires the interaction of two different polypeptide chains, i.e., formation of a heterodimer.
• one polypeptide chain will comprise a VLA and a VL B ; homodimerization of said chain will result in the formation of two VLA- VH B binding sites, either of no binding or of unpredictable binding.
• two differing polypeptide chains are free to interact, e.g., in a recombinant expression system, one comprising a VLA and a VH B and the other comprising a VL B and a VHA, two differing binding sites will form: VLA-VHA and VL B -VH B .
• One or more of the polypeptide chains of the diabody may optionally comprise an Fc domain or portion thereof (e.g. a CH2 domain, or CH3 domain).
• the Fc domain or portion thereof may be derived from any immunoglobulin isotype or allotype including, but not limited to, IgA, IgD, IgG, IgE and IgM.
• the Fc domain (or portion thereof) is derived from IgG.
• the IgG isotype is IgGl, IgG2, IgG3 or IgG4 or an allotype thereof.
• the diabody molecule comprises an Fc domain, which Fc domain comprises a CH2 domain and CH3 domain independently selected from any immunoglobulin isotype (i.e. an Fc domain comprising the CH2 domain derived from IgG and the CH3 domain derived from IgE, or the CH2 domain derived from IgGl and the CH3 domain derived from IgG2, etc.).
• Fc domain comprises a CH2 domain and CH3 domain independently selected from any immunoglobulin isotype (i.e. an Fc domain comprising the CH2 domain derived from IgG and the CH3 domain derived from IgE, or the CH2 domain derived from IgGl and the CH3 domain derived from IgG2, etc.).
• the Fc domain may be engineered into a polypeptide chain comprising the diabody molecule of the invention in any position relative to other domains or portions of said polypeptide chain ⁇ e.g., the Fc domain, or portion thereof, may be c-terminal to both the VL and VH domains of the polypeptide of the chain; may be n-terminal to both the VL and VH domains; or may be N-terminal to one domain and c-terminal to another (i.e., between two domains of the polypeptide chain)).
• the invention includes a diabody composed of three polypeptide chains, illustrated in Figure 1C.
• the first polypeptide chain comprises (from N-Terminus to C- terminus):
• the localized T-cell can then mediate the killing of the cell latently infected with EBV in a process termed "redirected” killing.
• Antibodies that bind to LMP-1 or LMP-2 are known in the art (Fang, C.Y. et al. (2004) “Construction And Characterization Of Monoclonal Antibodies Specific To Epstein-Barr Virus Latent Membrane Protein 7," J. Immunol. Methods 287(l-2):21-30; Fruehling, S. et al. (1996) "Identification Of Latent Membrane Protein 2 A (LMP2A) Domains Essential For The LMP2A Dominant-Negative Effect On B-Lymphocyte Surface Immunoglobulin Signal Transduction " J Virol.
• Binding of the bispecific molecule to LMP-1 -expressing cells and to CD3-positive T-cells can be measured by ELISA.
• the above described CD3 x LMP-1 bispecific molecule or the CD2 x LMP-2 bispecific molecule can be incubated at various concentrations with target cells and effector cells (human PBMCs), for example at an effector to target ratio of 20: 1. Cytotoxicity can be determined using, for example an LDH assay. The results will demonstrate the ability of the CD3 x LMP-1 bispecific molecule and the CD3 x LMP-2 bispecific molecule to mediate redirected killing of EBV infected cells with human PBMCs.
• a bispecific molecule specific for human T-cells and human papillomavirus E6 can be prepared as a dual affinity retargeting (diabody) molecule.
• Antibodies that bind to human papillomavirus E6 are known in the art (Phaeton, R. et al. (2010) "Radioimmunotherapy With An Antibody To The HPV 16 E6 Oncoprotein Is Effective In An Experimental Cervical Tumor Expressing Low Levels Of E6," Cancer Biol. Ther. 10(10): 1041-1047; Lagrange, M. et al.
• Such a bispecific molecule has the ability to localize a T-cell (by binding such T-cell to the CD3 portion of a CD3 -binding bispecific molecule) to the location of a cell infected with HPV, expressing E6 and displaying a fragment of the E6 protein in the context of the cell's MHC class I system (by binding such cell to the HPV E6/MHC binding portion of the bispecific molecules).
• the localized T-cell can then mediate the killing of the cell latently infected with EBV in a process termed "redirected" killing.
• the CD3 x HPV E6/MHC bispecific molecule can be constructed having, for example, the anti-CD3 variable domain of OKT3 and the anti-HPV E6/MHC variable domains of antibody 29-10267 (mybiosource(dot)com).
• a bispecific molecule can be constructed having an anti-CD3 variable domain and a domain that binds to a viral antigen and that further comprises an Fc region.
• Such molecule can be constructed by expressing three polypeptide chains in the same cell.
• the first polypeptide chain will comprise, for example, the light chain variable domain of an anti-CD3 antibody, a short linker, the variable heavy chain domain for an antibody that binds a viral antigen (e.g., HPV E6/MHC), and an E coil domain.
• the second polypeptide chain will comprise, for example, the light chain variable domain of the anti-HPV E6/MHC antibody, a short linker, the variable heavy chain domain for the anti-CD3 antibody, a K coil domain and last a CH2 and CH3 domain of an IgG Fc.
• the third polypeptide chain will comprise, for example, a CH2 and CH3 domain of the IgG Fc.
• the E and K coils ensure that chain 1 heterodimerizes with chain 2.
• the sequence is modified to include a knob at position 366 (T366W modification) (see US Patents Nos. 5,731 , 168; 5,807,706; 5,821 ,333; 7,429,652; 7,642,228; 7,695,936; and 8,216,80).
• T366W modification a knob at position 366
• alanine residues are incorporated at positions 234 and 235 (see US Patent No 5,624,821).
• Vectors encoding the three chains are transfected into CHO cells. Following appropriate selection, the cells are cultured in medium for 7 days. Culture medium and cells are harvested. The bispecific molecule is purified using chromatography methods well known in the art, and is shown to be capable of simultaneously binding to both CD3 expressed on the surface of immune effector cells and to HPV E6/MHC expressed on the surface of an HPV -infected cell, and thereby facilitating the death of such HPV -infected cell.
• bispecific diabody molecule was produced that was composed of two polypeptide chains, covalently bonded to one another, so as to form a first epitope binding site specific for CD 16 and a second epitope binding site specific for the HIV env protein.
• the first polypeptide chain of the bispecific diabody preferably has:
• E coil domain i.e., (EVAALEK) 4 ; E V AAL EKE V AAL EKE V AAL EKE V AAL E K; SEQ ID NO:39
• KVAALKE K coil domain
• the first polypeptide chain of such a diabody has the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:42) (CDRs are underlined):
• EKEVAALEKE V AAL EKE V AAL EK wherein residues 1-113 are the light chain variable domain of antibody 7B2 (GenBank Accession No. AFQ31503) (CDR residues are shown in underline), residues 114-121 are the linker GGGSGGGG (SEQ ID NO:27), residues 122-239 are the heavy chain variable domain of antibody h3G8 (CDR residues are shown in underline), residues 240-245 are the linker GGCGGG (SEQ ID NO:38) and residues 246-277 are the E coil (EVAALEK) 4 [i.e. (SEQ ID NO:39) E V AAL EKE V AAL EKE V AAL EKE V AAL E K] .
• a bispecific diabody was also produced that contained the variable light and heavy domains of the above-described anti-CD 16 (FcyRIIIA) antibody h3G8 and the variable light and heavy domains of anti-fluorescein antibody 4-4-20 (Gruber, M. et al.
• SEQ ID NO:44 first polypeptide chain of control diabody; VL h3G8 VH 4-4-20) (CDRs are underlined):
• residues 1-111 are the light chain variable domain of antibody h3G8, residues 112-
• residues 120-237 are the heavy chain variable domain of antibody 4-4-20
• residues 238-243 are the linker GGCGGG (SEQ ID NO:38)
• residues 244-271 are the E coil (EVAALEK) 4 [i.e. (SEQ ID NO:39) E V AAL EKE V AAL EKE V AAL EKE V AAL E K]
• residues 272-276 are the linker GGGNS (SEQ ID NO:41);
• SEQ ID NO:45 second polypeptide chain of control diabody; VL 4-4-20 VH h3G8) (CDRs are underlined):
• residues 121-238 are the heavy chain variable domain of antibody h3G8, residues 239-244 are the linker GGCGGG (SEQ ID NO:38), residues 245-272 are the K coil (KVAALKE) 4 [i.e., SEQ ID NO:40) KVAALKEKVAALKEKVAALKEKVAALKEKVAALKE], residues 273-277 are the linker GGGNS (SEQ ID NO:41) and residues 278-294 are a FLAG-tag (Munro, S. et al. (1984) "Use Of Peptide Tagging To Detect Proteins Expressed From Cloned Genes: Deletion Mapping Functional Domains OfDrosophila hsp 70," EMBO J. 3(13):3087-3093).
• the initial step in HIV-1 infection occurs with the binding of cell surface CD4 to trimeric HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins (Env), a heterodimer of a transmembrane glycoprotein (gp41) and a surface glycoprotein (gpl20).
• Env HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins
• gp41 transmembrane glycoprotein
• gpl20 surface glycoprotein
• the gpl20 and gp41 glycoproteins are initially synthesized as a single gpl60 polypeptide that is subsequently cleaved to generate the non-covalently associated gpl20/gp41 complex.
• the ectodomain of Env is a heterodimer with mass of approximately 140 kDa, composed of the entire gpl20 component, and approximately 20 kDa of gp41 (Harris, A. et al. (2011) "Trimeric HIV-1 Glycoprotein Gpl40 Immunogens And Native HIV-1 Envelope Glycoproteins Display The Same Closed And Open Quaternary Molecular Architectures " Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (U.S.A.) 108(28): 11440-11445).
• HEK 293 D375 cells (92Th023, subtype AE, R5-tropic) express the HIV gpl40 protein.
• the above-described anti-CD 16 x anti-HIV env bispecific diabody was evaluated for its ability to mediate cytotoxic lymphocyte activity of HEK 293 D375 cells in the presence of natural killer cells.
• the above-described anti-fluorescein x anti- HIV env bispecific diabody was used as a control.
• Figure 2 shows cytotoxic lymphocyte activity mediated by a bispecific diabody comprising the anti-CD 16 epitope binding domains of antibody h3G8 and the anti-HIV env epitope binding domains of antibody 7B2 on gpl40-expressing HEK 293 D375 cells (92Th023, subtype AE, R5 -tropic) after 24 hours of incubation in the presence of natural killer (NK) at an Effector : Target ratio of 5: 1.
• the natural killer (NK) cells were purified by positive selection (D56678 (LDH)).
• a bispecific diabody comprising the anti-fluorescein epitope binding domains of antibody 4-4- 20 and the anti-HIV env epitope binding domains of antibody 7B2 was used as a control.
• the results show that the anti-CD 16 x anti-HIV env bispecific diabody mediated cytotoxic lymphocyte activity, whereas the control diabody did not.
• a bispecific diabody comprising the anti-CD3 epitope binding domains of antibody bAntibody 2 and the anti-HIV env epitope binding domains of antibody 7B2 fail to show cytotoxic lymphocyte activity.
• a bispecific diabody comprising the anti-fluorescein epitope binding domains of antibody 4-4-20 and the anti-CD 16 epitope binding domains of antibody h3G8 was used as a control. The results again show that the anti-CD 16 x anti-HIV env bispecific diabody mediated cytotoxic lymphocyte activity, whereas the above-described control diabody, and the CD 16 x CD3 bispecific diabody did not.
• Figure 4 shows the results of a similar experiment conducted using HEK 293 D371 (CM244, subtype AE, R5-tropic) cells, which express HIV gpl40.
• Figure 4 shows cytotoxic lymphocyte activity mediated by a bispecific diabody comprising the anti-CD 16 epitope binding domains of antibody h3G8 and the anti-HIV env epitope binding domains of antibody 7B2 on HIV gpl40-expressing HEK 293 D371 cells (CM244, subtype AE, R5- tropic) after 24 hours of incubation in the presence of natural killer (NK) at an Effector : Target ratio of 5 : 1.
• NK cells were purified by negative selection (D55386 (LDH)).
• D55386 (LDH) negative selection
• a bispecific diabody comprising the anti- CD3 epitope binding domains of antibody bAntibody 2 and the anti-HIV env epitope binding domains of antibody 7B2 fail to show cytotoxic lymphocyte activity.
• a bispecific diabody comprising the anti-fluorescein epitope binding domains of antibody 4-4-20 and the anti- CD 16 epitope binding domains of antibody h3G8 was used as a control.
• the results again show that the anti-CD 16 x anti-HIV env bispecific diabody mediated cytotoxic lymphocyte activity, whereas the above-described control diabodies did not.
• bispecific diabody molecules were produced that were composed of two polypeptide chains, covalently bonded to one another, so as to form a first epitope binding site specific for CD3 and a second epitope binding site specific for either the HIV gpl20 protein, the HIV env protein, or the A antigenic site of the RSV F protein.
• the first polypeptide chain of the bispecific diabody preferably has:
• ADCC Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity
• E coil domain i.e., (EVAALEK) 4 ; E V AAL EKE V AAL EKE V AAL EKE V AAL E K; SEQ ID NO:39
• KVAALKE K coil domain
• the second polypeptide chain of such bispecific diabody preferably has:
• KVAALKE a K coil domain
• KVAALKEKVAALKEKVAALKEKVAALKEKVAALKE SEQ ID NO:40
• EVAALEK an E coil domain
• a positively charged, "E-coil” will be appended to one of the polypeptides being used to form the bispecific diabody and a negatively charged “K-coil” will be appended to the second of the diabody' s polypeptides.
• the first polypeptide chain of such a diabody has the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:46) (CDRs are underlined):
• the second polypeptide chain of such a diabody has the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:47) (CDRs are underlined):
• the first polypeptide chain of the bispecific diabody preferably has:
• E coil domain i.e., (EVAALEK) 4 ; E V AAL EKE V AAL EKE V AAL EKE V AAL E K; SEQ ID NO:39
• KVAALKE K coil domain
• the second polypeptide chain of such bispecific diabody preferably has:
• a K coil domain i.e., (KVAALKE) 4 ;. K V AAL KE K V AAL KE K V AAL KE K V AAL KE ; SEQ ID NO:40
• an E coil domain i.e., (EVAALEK) 4 ; E V AAL EKE V AAL EKE V AAL EKE V AAL E K; SEQ ID NO:39.
• E-coil a positively charged, "E-coil” will be appended to one of the polypeptides being used to form the bispecific diabody and a negatively charged "K-coil” will be appended to the second of the diabody' s polypeptides.
• the first polypeptide chain of such a diabody has the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:48) (CDRs are underlined):
• DIVMTQSPDS LAVS PGE RAT IHCKSSQTLL YSSNNRHS I A WYQQRPGQPP KLLLYWASMR LSGVPDRFSG SGSGTDFTLT INNLQAEDVA IYYCHQYSSH PPTFGHGTRV EIKGGGSGGG GEVQLVESGG GLVQPGGSLR LSCAASGFTF STYAM WVRQ APGKGLEWVG RIRSKY YA TYYADSVKGR F ISRDDSKN SLYLQMNSLK TEDTAVYYCV RHGNFGNSYV SWFAYWGQGT LVTVSSGGCG GGEVAALEKE VAALEKEVAA LEKEVAALEK wherein residues 1-113 are the light chain variable domain of antibody 7B2 (GenBank Accession No.
• AFQ31503 CDR residues are shown in underline
• residues 114-121 are the linker GGGSGGGG (SEQ ID NO:27)
• residues 122-246 are the heavy chain variable domain of humanized anti-CD3 Antibody 2 ("bAntibody 2;" CDRs are shown underlined)
• residues 247-252 are the linker GGCGGG (SEQ ID NO:38)
• residues 253-280 are the E coil (EVAALEK) 4 [i.e. (SEQ ID NO:39) E V AAL EKE V AAL EKE V AAL EKE V AAL E K] .
• the first polypeptide chain of such a diabody has the amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO:50) (CDRs are underlined):

Landscapes

• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Immunology (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Virology (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Molecular Biology (AREA)
• Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
• Biochemistry (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
• Biophysics (AREA)
• Oncology (AREA)
• Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
• Communicable Diseases (AREA)
• Biomedical Technology (AREA)
• Biotechnology (AREA)
• Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
• Epidemiology (AREA)
• Hematology (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• AIDS & HIV (AREA)
• Pulmonology (AREA)
• Microbiology (AREA)
• Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
• Cell Biology (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mycology (AREA)
• Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
• Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
• Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)

Priority Applications (29)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Related Child Applications (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=51625295

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (25)

Cited By (40)

Families Citing this family (23)

Citations (42)

Family Cites Families (97)

• 2014
  • 2014-03-13 ES ES14776214T patent/ES2882183T3/es active Active
  • 2014-03-13 JP JP2016501861A patent/JP6676521B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2014-03-13 EP EP14776214.0A patent/EP2968520B1/en active Active
  • 2014-03-13 SI SI201431859T patent/SI2968520T1/sl unknown
  • 2014-03-13 RS RS20210957A patent/RS62304B1/sr unknown
  • 2014-03-13 PL PL14776214T patent/PL2968520T3/pl unknown
  • 2014-03-13 CN CN201480025460.8A patent/CN105189561B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2014-03-13 HU HUE14776214A patent/HUE055845T2/hu unknown
  • 2014-03-13 RU RU2020115527A patent/RU2020115527A/ru unknown
  • 2014-03-13 WO PCT/US2014/025491 patent/WO2014159940A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 2014-03-13 EP EP20217972.7A patent/EP3839044A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2014-03-13 DK DK14776214.0T patent/DK2968520T3/da active
  • 2014-03-13 MX MX2015012709A patent/MX383596B/es unknown
  • 2014-03-13 LT LTEP14776214.0T patent/LT2968520T/lt unknown
  • 2014-03-13 CN CN202010439230.3A patent/CN111925437A/zh active Pending
  • 2014-03-13 PT PT147762140T patent/PT2968520T/pt unknown
  • 2014-03-13 SG SG10201705245TA patent/SG10201705245TA/en unknown
  • 2014-03-13 CA CA2906566A patent/CA2906566C/en active Active
  • 2014-03-13 SM SM20210464T patent/SMT202100464T1/it unknown
  • 2014-03-13 SG SG11201507424WA patent/SG11201507424WA/en unknown
  • 2014-03-13 AP AP2015008740A patent/AP2015008740A0/xx unknown
  • 2014-03-13 RU RU2015143457A patent/RU2721707C2/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2014-03-13 AU AU2014244286A patent/AU2014244286B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2014-03-13 US US14/775,041 patent/US9908938B2/en active Active
  • 2014-03-13 HR HRP20211212TT patent/HRP20211212T1/hr unknown
  • 2014-03-13 BR BR112015022790A patent/BR112015022790A8/pt active Search and Examination
• 2015
  • 2015-09-09 ZA ZA2015/06658A patent/ZA201506658B/en unknown
  • 2015-09-10 IL IL241487A patent/IL241487B/en active IP Right Grant
  • 2015-09-11 MX MX2021000435A patent/MX2021000435A/es unknown
• 2018
  • 2018-01-24 US US15/879,056 patent/US10730947B2/en active Active
• 2019
  • 2019-02-08 AU AU2019200912A patent/AU2019200912B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2019-12-10 JP JP2019222992A patent/JP6979447B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2020
  • 2020-03-29 IL IL273666A patent/IL273666B/en active IP Right Grant
  • 2020-06-22 US US16/908,185 patent/US11421031B2/en active Active
• 2021
  • 2021-08-11 CY CY20211100722T patent/CY1124570T1/el unknown
  • 2021-09-22 JP JP2021154658A patent/JP2022000044A/ja active Pending
• 2022
  • 2022-07-14 US US17/812,492 patent/US20230167178A1/en not_active Abandoned

Patent Citations (53)

Non-Patent Citations (128)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events