JP6161540B2 - Fc変異体及びそれらの生産方法 - Google Patents
Fc変異体及びそれらの生産方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6161540B2 JP6161540B2 JP2013552669A JP2013552669A JP6161540B2 JP 6161540 B2 JP6161540 B2 JP 6161540B2 JP 2013552669 A JP2013552669 A JP 2013552669A JP 2013552669 A JP2013552669 A JP 2013552669A JP 6161540 B2 JP6161540 B2 JP 6161540B2
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Description
本出願は、2011年2月4日に出願された「Fc変異体及びそれらの生産方法」と題された米国仮特許出願番号第61/439,750号に対する優先権を主張する。
(a)宿主細胞を培養し;及び
(b)細胞培養物から変異体ヘテロ多量体タンパク質又は修飾型IgG抗体を回収することを包含する。
幾つかの実施態様において、回収は細胞を溶解することを含む。
(a)第一のヘテロ二量体化ドメインを有する精製された第一のFc含有ポリペプチドを提供し;
(b)第二のヘテロ二量体化ドメインを有する精製された第二のFc含有ポリペプチドを提供し;
(c)第一及び第二のFc含有ポリペプチドを結合し、
(d)第一のヒンジ含有ポリペプチドを第二のヒンジ含有ポリペプチドとともにリフォールディングし、
(e)ヘテロ多量体タンパク質複合体を回収する、工程を含む。
幾つかの実施態様において、第一及び第二のFc含有ポリペプチドは、Fc含有ポリペプチドのお互いに対する適切な配向を容易にする変異を更に含む。幾つかの実施態様において、変異体は、少なくとも一つの重鎖の残基241及び243で、野生型Fcポリペプチドに存在するものと異なるアミノ酸との置換を含む。
ADCC=抗体依存性細胞傷害
API=抗病原体イムノアドヘシン
BPI=殺菌性/透過性増加タンパク質
C1q=補体因子1q
CD=分化のクラスター
CDC=補体依存性細胞傷害
CH1又はCH1=重鎖第一定常ドメイン
CH2又はCH2=重鎖第二定常ドメイン
CH3又はCH3=重鎖第三定常ドメイン
CH4又はCH4=重鎖第四定常ドメイン
CL又はCL=軽鎖定常ドメイン
CLTA=細胞傷害性Tリンパ球関連分子
Fc=結晶化可能断片
FcγR=IgGのFcタンパク質のレセプターガンマ
HIV=ヒト免疫不全ウイルス
ICAM=細胞間接着分子
BsAb=二重特異性抗体
BsDb=二重特異性ダイアボディー
dsFv=ジスルフィド安定化Fv
Fc=抗体の定常ドメイン
Fd=抗体のVH+CH1
FcR=Fcレセプター
Fv=抗体の可変ドメイン
IgG=免疫グロブリンG
mAb=モノクローナル抗体
PBL=末梢血リンパ球
scDB=単鎖ダイアボディ
scFv=単鎖Fv
(scFv)2=scFv−scFvタンデム型
Tandab=タンデムダイアボディ
VH又はVH=抗体の重鎖の可変ドメイン
VL又はVL=抗体の軽鎖の可変ドメイン
本発明は、以下の定義及び実施例を使用する参照によってのみ詳細に説明される。本明細書で言及されるような特許及び刊行物は、そのような特許及び刊行物に開示すべての配列を含み、参照により明示的に援用される。
「ヘテロ多量体」、「ヘテロ多量体複合体」、又は「ヘテロ多量体タンパク質」とは、少なくとも第一のFc含有ポリペプチド及び第二のFc含有ポリペプチドを指し、ここで第二のFc含有ポリペプチドがアミノ酸配列において、第一のFc含有ポリペプチドと少なくとも一つのアミノ酸残基だけ異なる。ヘテロ多量体は、第一及び第二のFc含有ポリペプチドで形成される「ヘテロダイマー」を含むことができ、又は第一及び第二のFc含有ポリペプチドに加えてポリペプチドが存在している高次立体構造を形成することができる。ヘテロ多量体のポリペプチドは、非ペプチド性、共有結合(例えば、ジスルフィド結合)及び/又は非共有結合性相互作用(例えば、水素結合、イオン結合、ファンデルワールス力、及び/又は疎水性相互作用)により相互作用し得る。
ダ症、ブラットン症候群、乳児期の一過性低ガンマグロブリン血症、ウィスコット‐アルドリッチ症候群、毛細血管拡張性運動失調症候群、膠原病と関係する自己免疫疾患、リウマチ、神経病学的疾患、虚血性再灌流障害、血圧応答の減退、血管機能不全、antgiectasis、組織損傷、心血管乏血、痛覚過敏、脳虚血、及び脈管化を伴う疾患、アレルギー性過敏症疾患、糸球体腎炎、再灌流障害、心筋又は他の組織の再灌流損傷、急性炎症性成分を有する皮膚病、急性化膿性髄膜炎又は他の中枢神経系炎症性疾患、眼性及び眼窩の炎症性疾患、顆粒球輸血関連症候群、サイトカイン誘発性毒性、急性重症炎症、慢性難治性炎症、腎盂炎、肺線維症、糖尿病性網膜症、糖尿病性大動脈疾患、動脈内過形成、消化性潰瘍、弁膜炎、及び子宮内膜症などがある。
一般的に、本明細書に記載されるヘテロ多量体タンパク質は、抗体のFc領域の大部分を含む。
ヘテロ多量体タンパク質は、ヘテロ多量体化ドメインを含む。ヘテロ二量体分子の実質的に均一な集団を生成するため、ヘテロ二量体化ドメインは、ホモ二量体よりもヘテロ二量体を形成について強い優先度を持っている必要がある。本明細書に例示されるヘテロ多量体タンパク質は、ヘテロ二量体化を容易にするためノブ・イントゥー・ホール(knob−into−hole)技術を用いるが、当業者は、本発明において有用な他のヘテロ二量体化ドメインを認識するであろう。
多重特異性抗体を産生する方法としてのノブ・イントゥー・ホールの使用は当技術分野でよく知られている。Genentechに割り当てられ、1998年3月24日に付与された米国特許第5731168号、Amgenに割り当てられ、2009年7月16日に付与されたPCT公開国際公開第2009089004号、及びNovo Nordisk A/Sに割り当てられ、2009年7月16日に公開された米国特許出願公開第20090182127号を参照。また、Marvin and Zhu,Acta Pharmacologica Sincia(2005)26(6):649−658及びKontermann(2005) Acta Pharacol.Sin.,26:1−9を参照。簡潔な議論がここに提供される。
本明細書に記載されるFcポリペプチドは、野生型Fcポリペプチド又はノブ・イントゥー・ホール(knob−into−hole)Fcポリペプチドと比較した場合に、誤対合の減少、頭尾形成の減少、又は全収率の増大を与える変異を有し得る。Fc変異体は、少なくとも一つの重鎖上で、S239,V240,F241,F243,V264,R301,K334,Y349,T350,L368,K370,N389,Y391,K392,P395,P396,D399,F405,Y407から選択される残基での、野生型Fcポリペプチドに存在するものと異なるアミノ酸との、少なくとも一、二、三、四、五、六、七、八、九又は10の置換を含む。エフェクター機能を変えることが望まれる場合があり、変異の幾つかはエフェクター機能を亢進又は減少させ得ることが熟慮されている。変異は、抗体の別の機能的特徴、例えばエフェクター機能を有意には変えないのが望まれる。
本発明のヘテロ多量体タンパク質(例えば抗体)の組換え生産のために、それをコードする核酸が単離され、更なるクローニング(DNAの増幅)用又は発現用に、複製可能なベクターへ挿入される。抗体をコードする核酸は容易に単離され、従来の手順を用いて(例えば、抗体の重鎖と軽鎖をコードする遺伝子に特異的に結合できるオリゴヌクレオチドプローブを使用することによって)配列決定することができる。多くのベクターが利用可能である。ベクタ−の選択は、使用される宿主細胞に一部は依存する。一般には、好ましい宿主細胞は、原核生物または真核生物(一般には、哺乳動物であるが、菌類(例えば、酵母)、昆虫、植物、その他の多細胞生物からの有核細胞も含む)起源のどちらかのものである。IgG、IgM、IgA、IgD、およびIgEを含む、任意のアイソタイプの定常領域が、この目的用に使用することができ、そのような定常領域は任意のヒト又は動物種から得ることができると理解されるであろう。
i.ベクターの構築
本発明のヘテロ多量体タンパク質(例えば抗体)のポリペプチド成分をコードするポリヌクレオチド配列を標準的な組換え技術を使用して得ることができる。所望のポリヌクレオチド配列が、例えばハイブリドーマ細胞などの抗体産生細胞から単離され、配列決定され得る。あるいは、ポリヌクレオチドをヌクレオチド合成装置又はPCR技術を使用して合成することができる。一たび得られると、ポリペプチドをコードする配列を、原核生物の宿主において異種ポリヌクレオチドを複製し発現することができる組換えベクターに挿入される。入手可能で当該技術分野で公知のベクターが本発明の目的用に使用することができる。適切なベクターの選別はベクターに挿入される核酸の大きさ及びそのベクターで形質転換される特定の宿主細胞に主に依存するであろう。各ベクターは、その機能(異種ポリヌクレオチドの増幅又は発現、或いは両方)、及びそれが属する特定の宿主細胞との適合性に依存して、様々な成分を含有する。ベクターの成分は、限定されないが、一般的に、複製起点、選択マーカー遺伝子、プロモーター、リボソーム結合部位(RBS)、シグナル配列、異種核酸挿入及び転写終結配列を含む。
宿主細胞が上述の発現ベクターで形質転換され、プロモーターを誘導し、形質転換体を選択し、又は所望の配列をコードする遺伝子を増幅するために適切に修飾された従来の栄養培地で培養される。
一実施態様において、本明細書において生産されるヘテロ多量体タンパク質が更に精製され、更なるアッセイ及び用途のために実質的に均一である調製物を得る。当技術分野で公知の標準的なタンパク質精製方法を用いることができる。以下の手順は適切な精製手順の例である:免疫親和性又はイオン交換カラムでの分画、エタノール沈殿、逆相HPLC、シリカ上或いはDEAEなどの陽イオン交換樹脂上でのクロマトグラフィー、クロマトフォーカシング、SDS−PAGE、硫酸アンモニウム沈殿、セファデックスG−75を例えば使用するゲル濾過。
ベクター成分は、限定されないが、一般的に以下の一つ以上を含む:シグナル配列、複製起点、一つ以上のマーカー遺伝子、エンハンサーエレメント、プロモーター、及び転写終結配列。
真核生物の宿主細胞において使用するためのベクターはまた、目的の成熟タンパク質又はポリペプチドのN末端に特異的切断部位を有する、シグナル配列或いは他のポリペプチドを含んでいてもよい。好ましく選択された異種性シグナル配列は、宿主細胞によって認識されてプロセスされる(即ちシグナルペプチダーゼにより切断される)ものである。哺乳動物の細胞発現においては、哺乳動物のシグナル配列、並びにウイルスの分泌性リーダー、例えば、単純ヘルペスgDのシグナルを利用可能である。そうした前駆体領域のDNAは、所望のヘテロ多量タンパク質(例えば、抗体)をコードするDNAにリーディング・フレーム中で連結されている。
一般的に、複製起点の成分は哺乳動物の発現ベクターにおいて必要ではない。例えば、SV40起点が典型的には使用され得るが、ただそれが初期プロモーターを含有するためだからである。
発現及びクローニングベクターは、選択可能なマーカーとも呼ばれる選択遺伝子を含んでいてもよい。典型的な選択遺伝子は、(a)例えばアンピシリン、ネオマイシン、メトトレキサート、又はテトラサイクリンなどの抗生物質或いは他の毒素に対する耐性を付与し、(b)該当する場合に栄養要求性欠乏症を補完し、又は(c)複合培地から得られない重要な栄養素を供給する、タンパク質をコードする。
発現ベクター及びクローニングベクターは、通常、宿主生物によって認識され、操作可能に所望のFc含有ポリペプチド(例えば、抗体)を核酸に連結されているプロモーターを含んでいる。プロモーター配列は、真核生物で知られている。実質的にすべての真核生物の遺伝子は、転写が開始される部位からおよそ25から30塩基上流に位置するATに富んだ領域を有する。多くの遺伝子の転写の開始点から70から80塩基上流に見いだされる別の配列はCNCAAT領域であり、ここで、Nは任意のヌクレオチドである。大部分の真核生物遺伝子の3’末端で、コード配列の3’末端にポリA尾部を追加するためのシグナルであり得るAATAAA配列である。これらの配列の全ては、適切に真核生物の発現ベクターに挿入される。
所望のFc含有ポリペプチド(例えば、抗体)をコードするDNAの高等真核生物による転写は、ベクターにエンハンサー配列を挿入することによって高めることができる。多くのエンハンサー配列が現在哺乳動物遺伝子(例えば、グロビン、エラスターゼ、アルブミン、α−フェトプロテイン、及びインスリン遺伝子)から知られている。また、真核細胞ウイルスからのエンハンサーを使用する場合がある。例としては、複製起点の後期側(bp100−270)にSV40エンハンサーを、サイトメガロウイルス初期プロモーターエンハンサーを、複製起点の後期側のポリオーマエンハンサーを、及びアデノウイルスエンハンサーを含む。真核生物プロモーターの活性化を増強するための要素の説明については、Yaniv,Nature 297:17−18(1982)も参照。エンハンサーは、増強が達成されることを条件として、抗体ポリペプチドをコードする配列に対して5’又は3’の位置で、しかし一般的にはプロモーターから5’位に位置しているベクター中にスプライシングされ得る。
真核生物宿主細胞中で用いられる発現ベクターは、典型的には、転写の終結及びmRNAの安定化に必要な配列を含むであろう。そのような配列は、真核生物又はウィルスのDNA或いはcDNAの非翻訳領域の5’から、場合によっては3’から一般的に利用可能である。これらの領域は、抗体をコードするmRNAの非翻訳部分において、ポリアデニル化断片として転写されるヌクレオチドセグメントを含む。一つの有用な転写終結成分はウシ成長ホルモンのポリアデニル化領域である。国際公開第94/11026号及びそこに開示される発現ベクターを参照。
本明細書におけるベクター中でのDNAのクローニング又は発現用に適した宿主細胞は、脊椎動物宿主細胞を含む本明細書に記載の高等真核細胞が含まれる。培養液(組織培養)中での脊椎動物細胞の増殖は日常的な手順となっている。有用な哺乳動物宿主細胞株の例は、SV40(COS−7、ATCC CRL1651)によって形質転換されたサル腎臓V1株;ヒト胚腎臓株(懸濁培養液中での増殖のためにサブクローン化された293細胞又は293細胞、Graham et al.,J.Gen Virol.36:59(1977));ベビーハムスター腎臓細胞(BHK、ATCC CCL10);チャイニーズハムスター卵巣細胞/−DHFR(CHO,Urlaub et al.,Proc. Natl.Acad. Sci. USA 77:4216(1980));マウスのセルトリ細胞(TM4,Mather,Biol. Reprod.23:243−251(1980));サル腎臓細胞(CV1 ATCC CCL70);アフリカミドリザル腎臓細胞(VERO−76、ATCC CRL−1587);ヒト子宮頸癌細胞(HELA、ATCC CCL2);イヌ腎臓細胞(MDCK、ATCC CCL34);バッファローラット肝臓細胞(BRL3A、ATCC CRL1442);ヒト肺細胞(W138、ATCC CCL75);ヒト肝細胞(Hep G2、HB8065);マウス乳腺腫瘍(MMT060562、ATCC CCL51);TRI細胞(Mather et al.,Annals N.Y. Acad. Sci. 383:44−68(1982));MRC5細胞;FS4細胞;及びヒト肝癌株(HepG2)である。
本発明の所望のFc含有ポリペプチド(例えば、抗体)を生成するために使用される宿主細胞は種々の培地において培養され得る。市販で入手可能な培地が、例えばHam’s F10(Sigma)、基礎培地((MEM),(Sigma),RPMI−1640(Sigma)、及びダルベッコ改変イーグル培地((DMEM),Sigma)などが本宿主細胞の培養用に適している。更に、Ham et al.,Meth.Enz.58:44(1979),Barnes et al.,Anal.Biochem.102:255(1980)、米国特許第4,767,704号;同第4,657,866号;同第4,927,762号;同第4,560,655号;又は同第5,122,469号;国際公開第90/03430号;国際公開第87/00195号;又は米国特許Re.30,985号に記載される任意の培地が本宿主細胞用の培養培地として使用され得る。任意のこれらの培地は、ホルモン及び/又は他の増殖因子(例えばインスリン、トランスフェリン、又は表皮成長因子など)、塩(例えば、塩化ナトリウム、カルシウム、マグネシウム、及びリン酸塩)、緩衝液(例えばHEPES)、ヌクレオチド(例えばアデノシン及びチミジン)、抗生物質(ゲンタマイシンTM薬)、微量元素(通常マイクロモル範囲の最終濃度で存在すると定義される無機化合物)、及びグルコース又は同等のエネルギー源を必要に応じて補充することができる。任意の他の必要な栄養補助剤もまた、当業者に知られている適当な濃度で含まれていてもよい。培養条件、例えば、温度、pH等は、発現のために選択された宿主細胞で以前に用いられているものであり、当業者には明らかであろう。
組換え技術を使用するとき、Fc含有ポリペプチドは細胞内に産生され、又は直接培地に分泌することができる。Fc含有ポリペプチドが、第一工程として、細胞内に産生されると、宿主細胞又は溶解された断片の何れかの粒状破片は、例えば遠心分離または限外濾過によって除去される。Fc含有ポリペプチドが培地に分泌される場合、その発現系からの上清は、一般にまず最初に、例えば、アミコン又はミリポアペリコン限外濾過ユニットなど、市販のタンパク質濃度フィルターを使用して濃縮される。PMSFなどのプロテアーゼ阻害剤は、タンパク質分解を阻害するために以上の工程の何れかに含まれ、そして抗生物質が、外来性の汚染物の増殖を防止するために含まれ得る。
組換えバキュロウイルスは、抗体又は抗体断片をコードするプラスミドとBaculoGoldTMウイルスDNA(Pharmingen)は、例えば、リポフェクチン(GIBCO−BRLから市販される)を使用して、ヨトウガ細胞(例えば、Sf9細胞;ATCC CRL1711)などの昆虫細胞、又はキイロショウジョウバエS2細胞に同時導入することにより生成することができる。特定の実施例において、抗体配列が、バキュロウイルス発現ベクター内に含まれるエピトープタグの上流に融合される。このようなエピトープタグは、ポリHisタグを含める。pVL1393(Novagen)又はpAcGP67B(Pharmingen)などの市販のプラスミド由来のプラスミドを含む、様々なプラスミドを用いることができる。簡潔には、抗体又はその断片をコードする配列は、その5’および3’領域に相補的なプライマーを用いてPCRにより増幅することができる。5’プライマーは、隣接する(選択された)制限酵素部位を組み込むことができる。生成物は、次いで選択された制限酵素で消化され、発現ベクターにサブクローニングされ得る。
完全なヘテロ多量体タンパク質の形成は、本発明において再フォールディングと呼ばれている、ジスルフィド結合の形成により第一のFc含有ポリペプチド及び第二のFc含有ポリペプチドの再構築が含まれる。再フォールディングは、第一のFc含有ポリペプチドの第二のFc含有ポリペプチドとの会合、及び鎖間ジスルフィド結合の形成を含む。再フォールディングはまた、再生とも呼ばれ、本発明においてはインビトロで行われる。
本発明のヘテロ多量タンパク質により標的とすることができる分子の例としては、限定されないが、水溶性の血清タンパク質及びそれらの受容体及び他の膜結合タンパク質(例えば、アドヘシン)を含む。
合することができる。
本発明のヘテロ多量体タンパク質は、当該分野で公知の種々のアッセイにより、それらの物理的/化学的性質及び生物学的機能について特徴づけることができる。
また、本発明は、本明細書中に記載のヘテロ多量体タンパク質(例えば本明細書において記述される方法に従って作製される抗体)の何れかを含む、コンジュゲート抗体又はイムノコンジュゲート(例えば「抗体−薬剤コンジュゲート」又は「ADC)といったコンジュゲートされたタンパク質であって、このとき軽鎖または重鎖の定常領域のうちの一つが、色素又は細胞障害性剤、例えば化学療法剤、薬剤、増殖阻害性剤、毒素(例えば細菌、真菌、植物又は動物の起源の酵素的に活性な毒素ないしその断片)又は放射性同位体(すなわち放射性コンジュゲート)のような化学的分子にコンジュゲートしている、コンジュゲートされたタンパク質を提供する。特に、本明細書に記述されるように、ヘテロ多量体化ドメインの使用により2の異なる重鎖(HC1およびHC2)並びに2の異なる軽鎖(LC1およびLC2)を含有する抗体の構築が可能となる。本明細書に記述される方法を用いて構築されるイムノコンジュゲートは、重鎖のうちの一つ(HC1又はHC2)又は軽鎖のうちの一つ(LC1又はLC2)の定常領域にコンジュゲートした細胞障害性剤を含有してよい。また、イムノコンジュゲートがただ一つの重鎖または軽鎖に接着した細胞障害性剤を有しうるので、被検体に投与される細胞障害性剤の量は、重鎖と軽鎖の両方に接着した細胞障害性剤を有する抗体の投与と比較して低い。被検体に投与される細胞障害性剤の量を減らすことは、細胞障害性剤と関係する副作用を制限する。
幾つかの実施態様では、イムノコンジュゲートは一又は複数のメイタンシノイド分子と結合している本発明の抗体(完全長又は断片)を含んでなる。
幾つかの実施態様では、イムノコンジュゲートは、ドラスタチン又はドロスタチンペプチジル類似体及び誘導体、アウリスタチン(auristatin)(米国特許第5635483号;同第5780588号)にコンジュゲートした本発明の抗体を含んでなる。ドラスタチン及びアウリスタチンは、微小管動態、GTP加水分解及び核と細胞の分割を妨げ(Woyke等(2001)Antimicrob.Agents and Chemother.45(12):3580−3584)、抗癌活性(米国特許第5663149号)及び抗真菌性活性(Pettit等(1998)Antimicrob.Agents Chemother.42:2961−2965)を有することが示されている。ドラスタチン又はアウリスタチン薬剤成分は、ペプチジル薬剤分子のN(アミノ)末端又はC(カルボキシル)末端により抗体に接着しうる(国際公開公報02/088172)。
他の実施態様では、イムノコンジュゲートは、一又は複数のカリケアマイシン分子と結合した本発明の抗体を含んでなる。抗生物質のカリケアマイシンファミリーはサブ−ピコモルの濃度で二重鎖DNA破壊を生じることができる。カリケアマイシンファミリーのコンジュゲートの調製については、米国特許第5712374号、同5714586号、同5739116号、同5767285号、同5770701号、同5770710号、同5773001号、同5877296号(全て、American Cyanamid Company)を参照のこと。使用可能なカリケアマイシンの構造類似体には、限定するものではないが、γ1 I、α2 I、α3 I、N−アセチル−γ1 I、PSAG及びθI 1(Hinman等,Cancer Research,53:3336−3342(1993)、Lode等 Cancer Research,58:2925−2928(1998)及び上述したAmerican Cyanamidの米国特許)が含まれる。抗体が結合可能な他の抗腫瘍剤は、葉酸代謝拮抗薬であるQFAである。カリケアマイシン及びQFAは双方共、細胞内に作用部位を有し、原形質膜を容易に通過しない。よって抗体媒介性インターナリゼーションによるこれらの薬剤の細胞への取込により、細胞障害効果が大きく向上する。
本発明の抗体またはここに記載の方法に従って作製された抗体と結合可能な他の抗腫瘍剤には、BCNU、ストレプトゾイシン、ビンクリスチン及び5−フルオロウラシル、米国特許第5053394号、同5770710号に記載されており、集合的にLL−E33288複合体として公知の薬剤のファミリー、並びにエスペラマイシン(esperamicine)(米国特許第5877296号)が含まれる。
本発明のコンジュゲート抗体において、抗体を、場合によってリンカーを介して、一つ以上の薬剤部分(例えば薬剤部分)、例えば抗体につき約1〜約20の部分にコンジュゲートする。コンジュゲート抗体はいくつかの手段、当業者に公知の有機化学反応、状態及び試薬を用いて調製されうる:(1)共有結合による二価のリンカー試薬と抗体の求核基との反応の後に対象の部分と反応;及び(2)共有結合による二価のリンカー試薬と部分の求核基との反応の後に抗体の求核基との反応、が含まれる。コンジュゲート抗体を調製するための更なる方法は本願明細書中に記載される。
本明細書に記載されるFc変異体ポリペプチドは、ヘテロ多量体タンパク質の生産において産業上の利用可能性を見いだしている。
本明細書に記載の抗体又は抗体断片などのヘテロ多量体タンパク質(例えば本明細書に記述される方法に従って作製される抗体及び/又はその断片)は、治療上の適用のために使われてよい。例えば、このようなヘテロ多量体タンパク質は、前癌性、非転移性、転移性および癌性の腫瘍(例えば初期癌)を含む腫瘍の治療のため、アレルギー性または炎症性の疾患の治療のため、または自己免疫性疾患の治療のため、または、癌(例えば乳癌、結腸直腸癌、肺癌、腎臓細胞カルチノーマ、膠腫又は卵巣癌)、アレルギー性または炎症性の疾患又は自己免疫性疾患を発症するリスクがある被検体の治療のために使われてよい。
候群、乳児期の一過性低ガンマグロブリン血症、ウィスコット‐アルドリッチ症候群、毛細血管拡張性運動失調症候群、膠原病と関係する自己免疫疾患、リウマチ、神経病学的疾患、虚血性再灌流障害、血圧応答の減退、血管機能不全、antgiectasis、組織損傷、心血管乏血、痛覚過敏、脳虚血、及び脈管化を伴う疾患、アレルギー性過敏症疾患、糸球体腎炎、再灌流障害、心筋又は他の組織の再灌流損傷、急性炎症性成分を有する皮膚病、急性化膿性髄膜炎又は他の中枢神経系炎症性疾患、眼性及び眼窩の炎症性疾患、顆粒球輸血関連症候群、サイトカイン誘発性毒性、急性重症炎症、慢性難治性炎症、腎盂炎、肺線維症、糖尿病性網膜症、糖尿病性大動脈疾患、動脈内過形成、消化性潰瘍、弁膜炎、及び子宮内膜症などがある。
本発明のタンパク質は、良好な医療行為に一致した形で処方され、投与量が決められ、投与される。この場合に考慮される因子には、治療されている特定の疾患、治療されている特定の哺乳動物、個々の被検体の臨床症状、疾患の原因、薬剤の送達部位、投与方法、投与スケジュール、及び医師に知られている他のファクターが含まれる。投与されるタンパク質の「治療上有効量」は、このような考慮によって調整され、特定の疾患(例えば癌、アレルギーないし炎症性疾患または自己免疫性疾患)を予防するか、改善するかまたは治療するために必要な最小限量である。タンパク質は、必ずしもそうする必要はないが、場合によっては、疾患の予防又は治療のために現在使用されている一又は複数の薬剤と共に処方される。かかる他の薬剤の有効量は、製剤中に存在するタンパク質の量、疾患又は治療のタイプ、及び上で検討した他の因子に依存する。これらは、一般に、これまで使用されたものと同じ用量及び投与経路で、あるいはこれまで用いられた投薬量の約1から99%で使用される。一般に、癌の寛解又は治療は、癌と関係する一又は複数の症状又は医学的な問題を少なくすることを伴う。治療上有効な量の薬剤によって、以下の何れか又はいくつかが達成される。癌細胞数の(少なくとも10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、80%、90%又は100%以上の)減少;腫瘍サイズ又は腫瘍負担の低減又は阻害;周辺臓器への癌細胞の浸潤の阻害(すなわちある程度の減少及び/又は停止);腺腫の場合のホルモン分泌の低減;血管密度の低減;腫瘍転移の阻害;腫瘍増殖の低減又は阻害;及び/又は、癌関連の一又は複数の症状のある程度の軽減。幾つかの実施態様では、タンパク質を用いて、被検体の癌又は自己免疫性疾患の発症又は再発を防ぐ。
本発明の他の実施態様は、本明細書中に記載の一又は複数のタンパク質複合体と疾患(例えば自己免疫性疾患または癌)の治療または診断に有用な材料を具備する製造品である。製造品は、容器と容器上ないしは容器に付随するラベルないしはパッケージ挿入物を具備する。好適な容器は、例としてボトル、バイアル、シリンジ等を含む。容器はガラス又はプラスチックなどの様々な物質から形成されうる。容器は、ガラス又はプラスチックのような様々な材料から形成されてよい。容器は、症状の治療に有効である組成物を収容し、無菌のアクセスポートを有し得る(例えば、容器は皮下注射針により貫通可能なストッパーを有する静脈内溶液バッグ又はバイアルであってよい)。組成物中の少なくとも一つの活性薬剤は本発明のヘテロ多量体タンパク質(例えば、抗体又は抗体断片)である。ラベル又はパッケージ挿入物は、組成物が特定の疾患の治療に用いられることを示す。ラベル又はパッケージ挿入物は更に、ヘテロ多量体タンパク質の組成物を被検体に投与するための指示を含む。また、本明細書中に記載の併用治療薬を含む製造品及びキットも考慮される。
発現ベクターの構築
この例では、宿主細胞を形質転換するために使用する核酸コンストラクトを示している。
別々の細胞培養を用いるヘテロ多量体タンパク質の生産
以下の例では、単量体成分(例えば半抗体)を発現する細胞を別々の培養において増殖させるヘテロ多量体タンパク質の産生を示す。この方法では、別々の培養において半抗体を発現するように細胞を増殖し、誘導する。この方法では、その成分を最初に精製し、その後ヘテロ多量体タンパク質を形成するために組み合わせ得る。
ノブの変異又はホールの変異の何れかを含む半抗体(F241とF243変異を含む又は含まない)が、細菌宿主細胞、例えば大腸菌で、実施例1に記載のコンストラクトを用いて重鎖及び軽鎖を発現させることにより、別々の培養で産生された。図3及び4Aを参照。この方法では、ノブ半抗体は抗EGFRであり、ホール半抗体は抗c−metであった。実施例1の発現プラスミドを大腸菌宿主株33D3(Ridgway et al.(1999)59(11):2718)又は64B4(W3110 ΔfhuA ΔphoA ilvG+ Δprc spr43H1 ΔdegP ΔmanA lacIq ΔompT)に導入し、形質転換体をカルベニシリンを含むLBプレート上で選択した。形質転換体は、その後、カルベニシリンを含むLB種培養液を播種するために使用され、これを30℃で振とうしながら一晩増殖させた。種培養液はカルベニシリンを含むリン酸塩制限培地C.R.A.P.(Simmons et al.,2002,J.Immunol Methods,263:133−147)へ100倍に希釈され、30℃で24時間震とうして増殖させた。培養液を遠心分離し、細胞ペレットは、抗体精製が開始されるまで凍結した。ペレットを解凍し、塩酸でpH7.5に調整した25mMのトリスベース、125mMのNaCl及び5mMのEDTA(TEBまたはトリス抽出緩衝液)を含み、容積重量比が5グラムの細胞ペレットあたり100mLのTEBである抽出緩衝液に再懸濁し、そしてマイクロフルイディクスコーポレーションモデル110Fマイクロフルイダイザー(Newton,MA)を通して再懸濁した混合物を3回通すことにより、マイクロ流体工学を用いて細胞を破壊することによって抽出した。細菌の細胞抽出液を15,000×gで20分間遠心分離によって清澄化し、上清が収集され、精製前に0.22ミクロンのアセテートフィルターを介してろ過した。
実施例3:
Fcの結晶化
実施例2における低収率で実証されるように、会合プロセスの最中において、一定の損失は誤って形成されたジスルフィド結合と関連している。この例は、X線結晶学によって観測されたノブ及びホールのFcの異なる構造形態の分析である。Fcの結晶構造は、上述されたノブとホールの変異だけを含む様々なヘテロ多量体タンパク質について得られた。
IgG重鎖(ホール)、一本の軽鎖、及び一本の切断された重鎖Fc(ノブ)からなるワンアームドノブ・イントゥー・ホール(one−armed knob−into−hole)抗体を、標準的な抗体精製法を用いて大腸菌から精製した。例えば、国際公開第2005/063816号を参照。精製されたワンアームド抗体は、37℃で15分間、リジンエンドペプチダーゼ−Cで、1/1000の重量/重量比で消化された。消化は、プロテアーゼ阻害剤、N−α−トシル−L−リシニル−クロロメチルケトン(TLCK)の5μMで停止した。インタクトなワンアームド抗体とFAbは、遊離のFcに結合しないカッパ選択樹脂を使用してノブ−ホールFcから除去された。次いで、結晶化に先だって、ノブ/ホールFcはS75カラム(GE Biosciences)上で精製された。得られたノブ及びFc断片は以下の配列を有している(完全長IgG1重鎖に基づく開始残基番号が与えられる):
223 THTCPPCPAP ELLGGPSVFL FPPKPKDTLM ISRTPEVTCV VVDVSHEDPE VKFNWYVDGV EVHNAKTKPR EEQYNSTYRV VSVLTVLHQD WLNGKEYKCK VSNKALPAPI EKTISKAKGQ PREPQVYTLP PSREEMTKNQ VSLSCAVKGF YPSDIAVEWE SNGQPENNYK TTPPVLDSDG SFFLVSKLTV DKSRWQQGNV FSCSVMHEAL HNHYTQKSLS LSPGK
221 DKTHTCPPCP APELLGGPSV FLFPPKPKDT LMISRTPEVT CVVVDVSHED PEVKFNWYVD GVEVHNAKTK PREEQYNSTY RVVSVLTVLH QDWLNGKEYK CKVSNKALPA PIEKTISKAK GQPREPQVYT LPPSREEMTK NQVSLWCLVK GFYPSDIAVE WESNGQPENN YKTTPPVLDS DGSFFLYSKL TVDKSRWQQG NVFSCSVMHE ALHNHYTQKS LSLSPGK
ノブ−ノブタンパク質ダイマーが、Fc変異体が、共有結合性の二量体化を防止するために、ヒンジのシステインをセリンへの変異により除去した単一のFc鎖として発現されること、及び陽イオン交換工程を省略することを除いて、上述のように大腸菌での発現により生成された。ノブ−ノブFcは非共有結合性のダイマーとして存在しており、プロテインA親和性クロマトグラフィー及びS200カラム(GE Biosciences)を用いたゲル濾過の組み合わせにより単離された。精製したタンパク質を、結晶のスクリーニングに用いた。結晶成長のスクリーニングにおいて、タンパク質はPBSにバッファー交換し、10mg/mlに濃縮した。タンパク質は、18℃でハングングドロップ法により、2μlのリザーバー中に2μlのタンパク質を含有し、20%w/vのPEG2000−モノメチルエーテル(MME)、0.2Mの硫安、0.1Mのカコジル酸ナトリウム pH6.5で結晶化した。厚いブレードが5日後に現れ、データは、25%w/vのPEG2000−MMEのクライオプロテクタントを用いて、ALSビームライン5.0.1で収集した。
221 DKTHTSPPSP APELLGGPSV FLFPPKPKDT LMISRTPEVT CVVVDVSHED PEVKFNWYVD GVEVHNAKTK PREEQYNSTY RVVSVLTVLH QDWLNGKEYK CKVSNKALPA PIEKTISKAK GQPREPQVYT LPPSREEMTK NQVSLWCLVK GFYPSDIAVE WESNGQPENN YKTTPPVLDS DGSFFLYSKL TVDKSRWQQG NVFSCSVMHE ALHNHYTQKS LSLSPGK
221 DKTHTSPPSP APELLGGPSV FLFPPKPKDT LMISRTPEVT CVVVDVSHED PEVKFNWYVD GVEVHNAKTK PREEQYNSTY RVVSVLTVLH QDWLNGKEYK CKVSNKALPA PIEKTISKAK GQPREPQVYT LPPSREEMTK NQVSLSCAVK GFYPSDIAVE WESNGQPENN YKTTPPVLDS DGSFFLVSKL TVDKSRWQQG NVFSCSVMHE ALHNHYTQKS LSLSPGK
明確にするために、鎖AとBは、接触の両方の組を持っている。上記の表は、2組の1つを表している。そのため、完全な表は上記リストされた接触の2倍であろう。例えば、AのS239はBのK370と接触し、BのS239はAのK370と接触している。
配向の安定化
アニーリング及び精製の最中の制限的な工程は酸化還元工程である。酸化されたヘテロダイマーは、この工程の後で典型的には、70〜80%のタンパク質を作りあげるだけである(BioAnalyzer及びMS−TOF)。残りの20〜30%の抗体は二量体であり、共有結合を欠いている(SEC−LLS)。これは除去することは可能だが、全収率に大きく影響を与える。従って、頭尾会合を破壊し、従って二重特異性の回復を改善することができるかどうかを試験するために、我々はF241S/F243R変異又はF241R/F243S変異を含むノブFcを作成した。
F241S/F243R変異は、二重特異性抗体間での正確なジスルフィド形成の割合を増加させた。半抗体は、室温で、200モル過剰の還元型グルタチオンを含む200mMのアルギニンコハク酸 pH8.5の中で、1:1に混合された。反応の最中に、サンプルは以下の時点で採取された:0、3時間、6時間、12時間、24時間、36時間、48時間、及び72時間。収集時に、等量の0.15Mの酢酸で、会合反応を停止させた。次いで、サンプルをプロテイン230キットによりアジレント・バイオアナライザ2100で分析した。ノブ及び/又はホール半抗体のどちらかでのF241S/F243R変異を利用すると、、これらの条件下で12から48時間の時間枠内で酸化速度を増加させる(図10)。これは、会合速度及び全体の会合効率を増加させることにおいてこれらの変異体の利点を実証している。
BioRad ProteOnTMシステムを使用して、ノブ野生型、ホール野生型、ノブF241R/F243S,ノブF241S/F243R,及びホールF241S/F243Rリガンドが、NHS活性化センサー上で固定された。分析物のノブF241S/F243Rは、25mMのTris 150mMのNaCl 0.05%のTween20 pH8.0の中でセンサー上を通過させた。分析物の濃度は、200nM,100nM,50nM,25nM,12.5nM,及び6.25nMであった。ProteOnTMチップは、10mMのグリシンpH3を使用して、各分析物の濃度間で再生された。データは、F241/F243変異は、CH3ヘテロ二量体化を妨げず、又はこれらの濃度でこれらの変化の有る無しに関わらず、任意の測定可能なホモ二量体化が無いことを実証していた。ヘテロダイマーのKdは両方の場合において一桁のナノモルの範囲である。
Claims (20)
- 野生型FcポリペプチドのFc変異体を含む変異体ヘテロ多量体タンパク質又は修飾型IgG抗体であって、前記Fc変異体が、少なくとも一の重鎖の残基241及び243(EU番号付け)で、野生型Fcポリペプチドに存在するものと異なるアミノ酸との置換を含み、該置換はF241R/F243S及びF241S/F243Rから選択される、変異体ヘテロ多量体タンパク質又は修飾型IgG抗体。
- ノブ・イントゥー・ホール修飾を更に含む、請求項1に記載の変異体ヘテロ多量体タンパク質又は修飾型IgG抗体。
- ノブ修飾が、Fcポリペプチドの界面からの元のアミノ酸残基を、元のアミノ酸残基よりも大きい側鎖を持つアミノ酸残基と置換することを含み、アミノ酸残基の置換が、トリプトファン、フェニルアラニン、チロシン及びアルギニンからなる群から選択される、請求項2に記載の変異体ヘテロ多量体タンパク質又は修飾型IgG抗体。
- ノブ修飾がT366W置換(EU番号付け)を含む、請求項2又は請求項3に記載の変異体ヘテロ多量体タンパク質又は修飾型IgG抗体。
- ホール修飾が、Fcポリペプチドの界面からの元のアミノ酸残基を、元のアミノ酸残基よりも小さい側鎖を持つアミノ酸残基と置換することを含み、置換するアミノ酸残基が、セリン、スレオニン、バリン及びアラニンからなる群から選択される、請求項2から4の何れか一項に記載の変異体ヘテロ多量体タンパク質又は修飾型IgG抗体。
- ホール修飾が、T366S、L368A及びY407V(EU番号付け)からなる群から選択される二又はそれ以上のアミノ酸置換を含む、請求項5に記載の変異体ヘテロ多量体タンパク質又は修飾型IgG抗体。
- ヘテロ多量体タンパク質又はIgG抗体が第一及び第二のFcポリペプチドを含み、F241R/F243S又はF241S/F243R置換を含むFcポリペプチドがノブ修飾を更に含む、請求項2から6の何れか一項に記載の変異体ヘテロ多量体タンパク質又は修飾型IgG抗体。
- ヘテロ多量体タンパク質又はIgG抗体が第一及び第二のFcポリペプチドを含み、F241R/F243S又はF241S/F243R置換を含むFcポリペプチドが、ホール修飾を更に含む、請求項2から6の何れか一項に記載の変異体ヘテロ多量体タンパク質又は修飾型IgG抗体。
- 両方の重鎖がF241R/F243S又はF241S/F243R置換を含む、請求項1から8の何れか一項に記載の変異体ヘテロ多量体タンパク質又は修飾型IgG抗体。
- タンパク質又は抗体が多重特異性抗体である、請求項1から9の何れか一項に記載の変異体ヘテロ多量体タンパク質又は修飾型IgG抗体。
- 残基241及び243(EU番号付け)においてアミノ酸置換を有しないヘテロ多量体タンパク質又はIgG抗体と比較した場合に、誤対合が減少し、頭尾形成が減少し、又は全収率が増大する、請求項1から10の何れか一項に記載の変異体ヘテロ多量体タンパク質又は修飾型IgG抗体。
- 請求項1から11の何れか一項に記載の変異体ヘテロ多量体タンパク質又は修飾型IgG抗体をコードする単離された核酸。
- 請求項12に記載の核酸を含む発現ベクター。
- 請求項12に記載の核酸又は請求項13に記載の発現ベクターを含む宿主細胞。
- CHO細胞、又は大腸菌細胞である、請求項14に記載の宿主細胞。
- 変異体ヘテロ多量体タンパク質又は修飾型IgG抗体を産生する方法であって、請求項14又は15に記載の宿主細胞を培養すること、及び請求項14又は15に記載の宿主細胞を培養した細胞培養液から変異体ヘテロ多量体タンパク質又は修飾型IgG抗体を回収することを含む方法。
- 請求項1から11の何れか一項に記載の変異体ヘテロ多量体タンパク質又は修飾型IgG抗体を含む組成物。
- 第一のヘテロ二量体化ドメインを有する第一のFc含有ポリペプチド、及び第二のヘテロ二量体化ドメインを有する第二のFc含有ポリペプチドを含むヘテロ多量体タンパク質を調製する方法であって、該第一及び/又は第二のFc含有ポリペプチドが残基241及び243(EU番号付け)で置換を含み、第一及び/又は第二Fc含有ポリペプチドがF241R/F243S又はF241S/F243R置換を含む、該方法が
(a)第一のヘテロ二量体化ドメインを有する精製された第一のFc含有ポリペプチドを提供する工程、
(b)第二のヘテロ二量体化ドメインを有する精製された第二のFc含有ポリペプチドを提供する工程、
(c)第一及び第二のFc含有ポリペプチドを結合する工程、
(d)第一のFc含有ポリペプチドを第二のFc含有ポリペプチドと再フォールディングし、ヘテロ多量体タンパク質を形成する工程、及び
(e)ヘテロ多量体タンパク質複合体を回収する工程
を含む方法。 - ヘテロ多量体タンパク質を精製する工程を更に含み、ヘテロ多量体タンパク質が少なくとも2つの別個の標的に結合特異性を有する、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 第一及び/又は第二のFc含有ポリペプチドがノブ・イントゥー・ホール修飾を更に含む、請求項18に記載の方法。
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JP2009515878A (ja) | 2005-11-12 | 2009-04-16 | イーライ リリー アンド カンパニー | 抗egfr抗体 |
EP2035456A1 (en) | 2006-06-22 | 2009-03-18 | Novo Nordisk A/S | Production of bispecific antibodies |
EP2087111A2 (en) * | 2007-03-19 | 2009-08-12 | Medimmune Limited | Polypeptide variants |
HUE028536T2 (en) | 2008-01-07 | 2016-12-28 | Amgen Inc | Method for producing antibody to FC heterodimer molecules using electrostatic control effects |
PL2417156T3 (pl) * | 2009-04-07 | 2015-07-31 | Roche Glycart Ag | Trójwartościowe, bispecyficzne przeciwciała |
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HK1196020A1 (zh) | 2014-11-28 |
RU2018108836A (ru) | 2019-03-14 |
RU2018108836A3 (ja) | 2019-03-14 |
EP2670776B1 (en) | 2018-11-21 |
MX355255B (es) | 2018-04-11 |
JP2017006128A (ja) | 2017-01-12 |
CN103649117A (zh) | 2014-03-19 |
RU2013140685A (ru) | 2015-03-10 |
KR20140043722A (ko) | 2014-04-10 |
WO2012106587A1 (en) | 2012-08-09 |
JP2014506790A (ja) | 2014-03-20 |
KR101913448B1 (ko) | 2018-10-30 |
AR085138A1 (es) | 2013-09-11 |
BR112013019499B1 (pt) | 2023-01-10 |
CA2825064C (en) | 2022-08-30 |
CA2825064A1 (en) | 2012-08-09 |
EP2670776A1 (en) | 2013-12-11 |
BR112013019499A2 (pt) | 2020-03-10 |
MX2013008920A (es) | 2013-10-01 |
AR127516A2 (es) | 2024-01-31 |
CN103649117B (zh) | 2016-09-14 |
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