WO2014156670A1 - 空隙配置構造体およびそれを用いた測定方法 - Google Patents
空隙配置構造体およびそれを用いた測定方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014156670A1 WO2014156670A1 PCT/JP2014/056619 JP2014056619W WO2014156670A1 WO 2014156670 A1 WO2014156670 A1 WO 2014156670A1 JP 2014056619 W JP2014056619 W JP 2014056619W WO 2014156670 A1 WO2014156670 A1 WO 2014156670A1
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- arrangement structure
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Definitions
- the present invention measures the presence or absence or amount of the object to be measured by irradiating the gap arrangement structure holding the object to be measured with electromagnetic waves and detecting the characteristics of the electromagnetic wave scattered by the gap arrangement structure.
- the present invention relates to a void-arranged structure and a measurement method using the same.
- an object to be measured is held in a void arrangement structure (a structure having a plurality of voids), and an electromagnetic wave is irradiated to the void arrangement structure in which the measurement object is held. Then, a measurement method is used in which the transmission spectrum is analyzed to detect the characteristics of the object to be measured.
- a measurement method is used in which the transmission spectrum is analyzed to detect the characteristics of the object to be measured.
- a technique of analyzing a transmission spectrum by irradiating a measurement object such as a protein attached to a metal mesh filter with a terahertz wave.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2008-185552 discloses a void arrangement structure having a void region in which an object to be measured is held ( Specifically, the electromagnetic wave transmitted through the gap arrangement structure is measured by irradiating an electromagnetic wave from a direction oblique to the main surface of the gap arrangement structure toward the mesh-shaped conductor plate). A measurement method is disclosed in which the position of a dip waveform generated in the frequency characteristic is detected based on the fact that the position of the object to be measured moves due to the presence of the object to be measured.
- Patent Document 2 International Publication No. 2011/027642 uses a void arrangement structure having a void that has a shape that is not a mirror target for a virtual plane orthogonal to the polarization direction of electromagnetic waves.
- a method of irradiating from the direction perpendicular to the main surface of the body and measuring the characteristics of the object to be measured from the frequency characteristics of the scattered electromagnetic waves is disclosed.
- the electromagnetic wave is irradiated from the direction perpendicular to the main surface of the void-arranged structure, it is possible to suppress measurement errors due to variations in incident angle when the electromagnetic wave is irradiated from an oblique direction, and to improve measurement sensitivity. There is an advantage.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a void-arranged structure that enables measurement of the presence or absence or amount of an object to be measured having high measurement sensitivity and reproducibility.
- the present invention measures the presence or absence or amount of the object to be measured by irradiating the gap arrangement structure holding the object to be measured with electromagnetic waves and detecting the characteristics of the electromagnetic wave scattered by the gap arrangement structure.
- a unit structure having the same shape and having at least two gaps arranged and arranged at predetermined intervals is a gap arrangement structure in which a plurality of unit structures are two-dimensionally and periodically connected in the direction of the main surface,
- the unit structure includes a first gap and a second gap having a shape different from the first gap, and
- the overall shape of the unit structure when viewed in plan from the main surface is a shape that is not mirror-symmetrical with respect to a predetermined virtual plane orthogonal to the main surface of the gap arrangement structure, It is a space
- the virtual plane is preferably a plane perpendicular to the polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave. Moreover, it is preferable that the said 1st space
- the number of the first void portions is more than 50% with respect to the total number of the void portions included in the unit structure.
- the number of the first void portions is 75% or more with respect to the total number of the void portions included in the unit structure.
- the present invention includes a step of holding an object to be measured in the gap arrangement structure described above, Irradiating the gap arrangement structure holding the measurement object with electromagnetic waves, and detecting the characteristics of the electromagnetic waves scattered by the gap arrangement structure; and Calculating the presence or amount of the object to be measured according to the characteristics of the electromagnetic wave; And a method for measuring an object to be measured.
- the electromagnetic wave is irradiated from a direction perpendicular to the main surface of the void arrangement structure.
- the void arrangement structure of the present invention includes a first void portion and a second void portion having a shape different from that of the first void portion in the unit structure constituting the void structure.
- the overall shape of the unit structure is a shape that is not mirror-symmetrical with respect to a predetermined virtual plane orthogonal to the main surface of the gap arrangement structure.
- the virtual plane is a plane perpendicular to the polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave and the first gap has a shape that is not mirror-symmetric with respect to the virtual plane
- the electromagnetic wave Since irradiation can be performed from a direction perpendicular to the main surface, measurement errors due to variations in the incident angle of electromagnetic waves are reduced or eliminated compared to the case where electromagnetic waves are incident obliquely, and the measurement sensitivity of the measurement object is improved. To do.
- FIG. 1 It is a perspective view which shows the unit structure which comprises the space
- FIG. 1 It is a perspective view which shows the unit structure which comprises the space
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the transmittance
- FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the unit structure which comprises the space
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the transmittance
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the transmittance
- FIG. 1 It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating an example of the measuring method in which the space
- (A) is a perspective view
- (b) is a front view.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram schematically showing the overall structure of a measuring apparatus used for measurement.
- This measuring apparatus uses an electromagnetic wave (for example, terahertz wave having a frequency of 20 GHz to 120 THz) generated by irradiating a semiconductor material with laser light irradiated from a laser 2 (for example, a short light pulse laser). It is.
- an electromagnetic wave for example, terahertz wave having a frequency of 20 GHz to 120 THz
- a laser 2 for example, a short light pulse laser
- the laser light emitted from the laser 2 is branched into two paths by the half mirror 20.
- One is irradiated to the photoconductive element 71 on the electromagnetic wave generation side, and the other is the light on the reception side through the time delay stage 26 by using a plurality of mirrors 21 (numbering is omitted for the same function).
- the conductive element 72 is irradiated.
- the photoconductive elements 71 and 72 a general element in which a dipole antenna having a gap portion is formed in LT-GaAs (low temperature growth GaAs) can be used.
- the laser 2 a fiber type laser or a laser using a solid such as titanium sapphire can be used.
- the semiconductor surface may be used without an antenna, or an electro-optic crystal such as a ZnTe crystal may be used.
- an appropriate bias voltage is applied by the power source 3 to the gap portion of the photoconductive element 71 on the generation side.
- the generated electromagnetic wave is converted into a parallel beam by the parabolic mirror 22 and irradiated to the gap arrangement structure 1 by the parabolic mirror 23.
- the terahertz wave transmitted through the gap arrangement structure 1 is received by the photoconductive element 72 by the parabolic mirrors 24 and 25.
- the electromagnetic wave signal received by the photoconductive element 72 is amplified by the amplifier 6 and then acquired as a time waveform by the lock-in amplifier 4. Then, after a signal processing such as Fourier transform is performed by a PC (personal computer) 5 including a calculating means, the transmittance spectrum of the gap arrangement structure 1 is calculated.
- the bias voltage from the power source 3 applied to the gap of the photoconductive element 71 on the generation side is modulated (amplitude 5V to 30V) by the signal of the oscillator 8.
- the S / N ratio can be improved by performing synchronous detection.
- the measurement method described above is a method generally called terahertz time domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS).
- FIG. 14 shows a case where the scattering is transmission, that is, a case where the transmittance of the electromagnetic wave is measured.
- scattering means one form of forward scattering and one form of backscattering. Means a broad concept including reflection, etc., preferably transmission or reflection. More preferably, transmission in the 0th order direction or reflection in the 0th order direction.
- the electromagnetic wave used in such a measurement method is not particularly limited as long as the electromagnetic wave can cause scattering according to the structure of the void-arranged structure. Radio waves, infrared rays, visible rays, ultraviolet rays, X-rays, gamma rays, etc. Any of the above can be used, and the frequency is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 GHz to 1 PHz, and more preferably a terahertz wave having a frequency of 20 GHz to 120 THz.
- the electromagnetic wave used in the present invention is usually a linearly polarized electromagnetic wave.
- Specific electromagnetic waves include, for example, a terahertz wave generated by a light rectifying effect of an electro-optic crystal such as ZnTe using a short light pulse laser as a light source, an infrared ray emitted from a high-pressure mercury lamp or a ceramic lamp, or a semiconductor laser. Examples include visible light emitted and electromagnetic waves radiated from a photoconductive antenna.
- the electromagnetic wave irradiated to the void-arranged structure of the present invention is preferably a plane wave. Specifically, it is preferable that the electromagnetic wave emitted from the light source is converted into a plane wave (parallel light) by a parabolic mirror, a lens, or the like and then irradiated to the gap arrangement structure.
- the electromagnetic waves have substantially the same phase in the main surface of the void-arranged structure at least within a range where the electromagnetic waves are irradiated.
- the phase of the electromagnetic wave is substantially equal at all positions (points) of the portion irradiated with the electromagnetic wave in the main surface of the gap arrangement structure. This is because the dip waveform of the transmittance spectrum (or the peak waveform of the reflectance spectrum) becomes sharper when the phases are equal, and the characteristics of the object to be measured can be measured with high sensitivity.
- the electromagnetic waves have substantially the same amplitude in the main surface of the void-arranged structure at least within the range where the electromagnetic waves are irradiated. This is because the dip waveform of the transmittance spectrum (or the peak waveform of the reflectance spectrum) becomes sharper when the amplitudes are equal, and the characteristics of the object to be measured can be measured with high sensitivity.
- the electromagnetic wave can be irradiated from a direction perpendicular to the main surface of the gap arrangement structure.
- measurement sensitivity is improved because measurement errors due to variations in the incident angle of electromagnetic waves are reduced or eliminated.
- the measurement of the presence or amount of the object to be measured is to detect or quantify the presence or absence of the compound to be measured, for example, to measure the content of a minute amount of the object to be measured such as in a solution. If you want to. Specifically, for example, the void-arranged structure is immersed in a solution in which the object to be measured is dissolved, and after the object to be measured is attached to the surface of the void-arranged structure, the solvent or excess object to be measured is washed, There is a method in which after the arrangement structure is dried, the presence / absence or amount of the object to be measured is measured using the measuring apparatus as described above.
- gap arrangement structure of this invention has a pair of main surface which mutually opposes, and the several space part formed so that this pair of main surface might be penetrated.
- the gap arrangement structure includes a plurality of unit structures of the same shape having at least two gap portions arranged and arranged at predetermined intervals in a two-dimensional and periodic manner in the direction of the main surface of the gap arrangement structure. It is a connected structure.
- the voids are “arranged and arranged at a predetermined interval”. All the voids may be periodically arranged at a constant interval, and the effect of the present invention is not impaired. This means that some of the gaps may be periodically arranged and other gaps may be non-periodically arranged.
- a plurality of unit structures having the same shape are connected two-dimensionally and periodically in the direction of the main surface of the gap arrangement structure” means that, for example, one main surface of the unit structure is coupled. This means that one main surface of the void arrangement structure is formed.
- gap arrangement structure of this invention has a 1st space
- the overall shape of the unit structure when the main surface is viewed in plan is a shape that is not mirror-symmetrical with respect to a predetermined virtual plane orthogonal to the main surface of the void-arranged structure.
- the void arrangement structure is preferably a quasi-periodic structure or a periodic structure.
- a quasi-periodic structure is a structure that does not have translational symmetry but is maintained in order. Examples of the quasi-periodic structure include a Fibonacci structure as a one-dimensional quasi-periodic structure and a Penrose structure as a two-dimensional quasi-periodic structure.
- a periodic structure is a structure having spatial symmetry as represented by translational symmetry, and a one-dimensional periodic structure, a two-dimensional periodic structure, or a three-dimensional periodic structure according to the symmetry dimension. Classified into the body. Examples of the one-dimensional periodic structure include a wire grid structure and a one-dimensional diffraction grating.
- Examples of the two-dimensional periodic structure include a mesh filter and a two-dimensional diffraction grating.
- a two-dimensional periodic structure is preferably used.
- a structure having void portions regularly arranged in at least one arrangement direction can be given.
- the two-dimensional periodic structure for example, a plate-like structure (lattice structure) in which void portions are arranged at regular intervals in a matrix shape as shown in FIGS.
- the gap arrangement structure 1 shown in FIGS. 15A and 15B is a structure in which square gaps 11 as viewed from the main surface 10a side are provided at equal intervals in the vertical and horizontal directions in the figure. is there.
- FIGS. 15A and 15B are diagrams used only for explaining the two-dimensional periodic structure (the entire configuration of the gap arrangement structure), and details of the shape of the gap (provided in the gap). Projections and the like are omitted.
- the “unit structure” means a periodically minimum structural unit constituting the void arrangement structure, and is a structure including at least two void portions.
- the unit structure includes a first void portion and a second void portion having a shape different from the first void portion
- the overall shape of the unit structure when the main surface of the void arrangement structure is viewed in plan is a shape that is not mirror-symmetric with respect to a predetermined virtual plane orthogonal to the main surface of the void arrangement structure.
- the “overall shape” of the unit structure here is a shape defined by the opening shape of the gap and its arrangement.
- the above condition (i) means that the unit structure has a plurality of first voids, but at least one second void having a shape different from that of the first voids.
- the different shapes here include those in which other shapes are arranged in different directions.
- the types of voids included in the unit structure are not limited to only two types (first void and second void).
- the predetermined virtual plane orthogonal to the main surface of the void arrangement structure is a plane perpendicular to the polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave when irradiated with the electromagnetic wave.
- the shape of the first gap is not particularly limited, but is a shape that is not mirror-symmetric with respect to a predetermined virtual plane that is orthogonal to the main surface of the gap arrangement structure and perpendicular to the polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave. It is preferable. In this case, measurement is possible even if the electromagnetic wave is irradiated from a direction perpendicular to the main surface of the void-arranged structure, and measurement error due to variations in the incident angle of the electromagnetic wave compared to the case where the electromagnetic wave is incident obliquely. Is reduced or eliminated, and the measurement sensitivity of the object to be measured is improved.
- Examples of the two-dimensional shape of the void that is not mirror-symmetrical with respect to the virtual plane include, for example, a trapezoid, a convex, a concave, a polygon other than a regular polygon, and a regular polygon having an odd number of angles (regular triangle, regular pentagon, etc. ), Star shape.
- the number of the first void portions is preferably more than 50%, more preferably 75% or more with respect to the total number of the void portions included in the unit structure. In this case, the dip waveform generated in the transmittance spectrum of the void-arranged structure tends to be sharp.
- the size of the gap is appropriately designed according to the measurement method, the material properties of the gap arrangement structure, the frequency of the electromagnetic wave used, etc., and its range is difficult to generalize, but the forward scattered electromagnetic wave In the gap arrangement structure 1 in which the gaps are regularly arranged vertically and horizontally as shown in FIG. 15A, the lattice spacing of the gaps indicated by s in FIG. 15B is measured. It is preferable that it is 1/10 or more and 10 times or less of the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave used for. If the lattice spacing s of the gap is outside this range, scattering may be difficult to occur.
- gap part shown by d in FIG.15 (b) is 1/10 or more and 10 times or less of the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves used for a measurement. If the pore size of the gap is outside this range, the intensity of the transmitted (forward scattered) electromagnetic wave becomes weak and it may be difficult to detect the signal.
- the average thickness of the void-arranged structure is appropriately designed according to the measurement method, the material characteristics of the void-arranged structure, the frequency of the electromagnetic wave used, etc., and it is difficult to generalize the range.
- it is preferably not more than several times the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave used for measurement. If the average thickness of the structure is larger than this range, the intensity of the electromagnetic waves scattered forward becomes weak and it may be difficult to detect the signal.
- various known methods can be used as a method for holding the object to be measured in the void arrangement structure.
- it may be directly attached to the void arrangement structure via a support film or the like. It may be attached. From the viewpoint of performing measurement with high reproducibility by improving measurement sensitivity and suppressing variation in measurement, it is preferable to attach the measurement object directly to the surface of the void arrangement structure.
- the case where the object to be measured is directly attached to the void arrangement structure is not limited to the case where a chemical bond or the like is directly formed between the surface of the void arrangement structure and the object to be measured. This includes a case where the object to be measured is bound to the host molecule with respect to the void-arranged structure to which is bound.
- the chemical bond include a covalent bond (for example, a covalent bond between a metal and a thiol group), a van der Waals bond, an ionic bond, a metal bond, a hydrogen bond, and the like, and preferably a covalent bond.
- the host molecule is a molecule that can specifically bind the analyte, and examples of the combination of the host molecule and the analyte include an antigen and an antibody, a sugar chain and a protein, a lipid and a protein, Examples include low molecular weight compounds (ligands) and proteins, proteins and proteins, single-stranded DNA and single-stranded DNA, and the like.
- ligands low molecular weight compounds
- the conductor is an object (substance) that conducts electricity, and includes not only metals but also semiconductors.
- the metal a metal that can be bonded to a functional group of a compound having a functional group such as a hydroxy group, a thiol group, or a carboxyl group, a metal that can coat a functional group such as a hydroxy group or an amino group on the surface, and these An alloy of these metals can be mentioned.
- Specific examples include gold, silver, copper, iron, nickel, chromium, silicon, germanium, and the like, preferably gold, silver, copper, nickel, and chromium, and more preferably gold and nickel.
- Use of gold or nickel is advantageous because the thiol group can be bonded to the surface of the void-arranged structure, particularly when the object to be measured has a thiol group (-SH group).
- nickel particularly when the object to be measured has a hydroxy group (—OH) or a carboxyl group (—COOH)
- the functional group can be bonded to the surface of the void-arranged structure, which is advantageous. .
- semiconductors examples include group IV semiconductors (Si, Ge, etc.), group II-VI semiconductors (ZnSe, CdS, ZnO, etc.), group III-V semiconductors (GaAs, InP, GaN, etc.), group IV compounds, and the like.
- Compound semiconductors such as semiconductors (SiC, SiGe, etc.), I-III-VI group semiconductors (CuInSe2, etc.), and organic semiconductors can be used.
- the object to be measured can be selectively selected. It is possible to increase the rate of change of the dip waveform in the frequency characteristic of the forward scattered electromagnetic wave or the peak waveform in the frequency characteristic of the back scattered electromagnetic wave due to the object to be measured.
- the characteristic of the object to be measured can be measured based on at least one parameter related to the frequency characteristic of the void-arranged structure obtained as described above.
- the dip waveform generated in the frequency characteristics of the electromagnetic wave forward scattered (transmitted) in the void-arranged structure and the peak waveform generated in the frequency characteristics of the electromagnetic wave back scattered (reflected) vary depending on the presence of the object to be measured.
- the characteristics of the object to be measured can be measured based on the above.
- the dip waveform refers to the frequency characteristic (for example, transmittance spectrum) of the void-arranged structure in a frequency range in which the ratio of the detected electromagnetic wave to the irradiated electromagnetic wave (for example, the transmittance of the electromagnetic wave) is relatively large. It is the waveform of the part of the valley type (convex downward) seen partially.
- the peak waveform is a part of the frequency characteristics (for example, reflectance spectrum) of the void-arranged structure in a frequency range where the ratio of the detected electromagnetic wave to the irradiated electromagnetic wave (for example, the reflectance of the electromagnetic wave) is relatively small. It is a mountain-shaped (convex upward) waveform.
- Z indicates the traveling direction of the electromagnetic wave to be irradiated
- Y indicates the polarization direction (electric field direction) of the electromagnetic wave
- X indicates the magnetic field direction (direction perpendicular to X and Z).
- the numerical values other than the reference numerals indicate the dimensions of each part, and the unit is mm.
- the unit structure shown in the perspective view of FIG. 1 is periodically arranged in the X-axis and Y-axis directions.
- the unit structure shown in FIG. 1 has one gap portion 11, and in order to generate a dip waveform, the shape of the gap portion 11 is a mirror with respect to the Y axis direction (with respect to a plane parallel to the XZ plane). Designed to have no screen symmetry.
- the conductor thickness (Z direction) is 20 ⁇ m, and the material is a complete conductor.
- the transmittance spectrum of the conventional void-arranged structure was determined. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, the gap arrangement structure 1 is arranged between the two ports 91 and 92, and a plane wave polarized in the Y-axis direction from the port 91 is applied to the main surface of the gap arrangement structure 1.
- the distance between the gap arrangement structure 1 and the ports 91 and 92 was 600 ⁇ m.
- the obtained transmittance spectrum is shown in FIG.
- FIG. 4 shows the current density distribution of the void-arranged structure at an arbitrary time with respect to the frequency (0.917174 THz) at which the dip waveform appears in FIG.
- the distribution of charges modulated at a frequency of 0.917174 THz is mirror-symmetric with respect to the Y-axis direction in the conductor portion between the gaps adjacent in the Y-axis direction. It is designed not to have sex. 4 shows the current density distribution at a certain arbitrary time, but the current density distribution does not have mirror symmetry with respect to the Y-axis direction at any time.
- Example 1 As the gap arrangement structure of Example 1, the unit structure shown in the perspective view of FIG. 5 was periodically arranged in the X-axis and Y-axis directions. In the unit structure shown in FIG. 5, only the second lower right gap 11b of the four gaps has a shape that is upside down with respect to the gap 11 shown in FIG. 1 gap 11a has the same shape as in FIG. Thus, the unit structure shown in FIG. 5 is designed so that the overall shape does not have mirror symmetry with respect to the Y-axis direction (with respect to a plane parallel to the XZ plane).
- the conductor thickness (Z direction) is 20 ⁇ m, and the material is a complete conductor.
- the transmittance spectrum was determined in the same manner as in the conventional example.
- the obtained transmittance spectrum is shown in FIG. FIG. 6 shows that a sharp dip waveform can be generated at a frequency of 0.917694 THz (91.694 GHz).
- FIG. 7 shows the current density distribution of the void-arranged structure at an arbitrary time with respect to the frequency (0.917694 THz) at which the dip waveform appears in FIG.
- the distribution of charges modulated at a frequency of 0.917694 THz does not have mirror symmetry with respect to the Y-axis direction in the conductor portion between the gaps adjacent in the Y-axis direction.
- FIG. 7 shows the current density distribution at a certain arbitrary time, but the current density distribution does not have mirror symmetry with respect to the Y-axis direction at any time.
- FIG. 7 When FIG. 7 is compared with FIG. 4, the density of current flowing on the surface of the void arrangement structure in FIG. 7 (particularly, the inner wall of each void portion (for example, the upper left corner portion when viewed from the perspective direction of the inner wall of each void portion) It can be seen that the current density is larger than that in FIG.
- the void arrangement structure of the present invention has at least one void portion that is not the same shape (in the same direction) as the other in the unit structure, so that the surface of the void arrangement structure when irradiated with electromagnetic waves.
- the current density distribution changes greatly (see FIGS. 4 and 7).
- the ratio of the portions with a small current density on the surface of the void-arranged structure (the dark black portion in the figure) can be reduced, and in particular, the current density on the inner wall of the void portion can be increased (in the figure).
- the black part is thin). For this reason, the characteristic change of the scattered electromagnetic wave when the object to be measured adheres to the void arrangement structure (particularly when it adheres to the inner wall of the void portion) can be increased, and the measurement sensitivity can be improved.
- Comparative Example 1 As the gap arrangement structure of Comparative Example 1, the unit structure shown in the perspective view of FIG. 8 was periodically arranged in the X-axis and Y-axis directions.
- the lower second gap 11b of the two gaps has a shape that is upside down with respect to the gap 11 shown in FIG.
- the part 11a has the same shape as in FIG.
- the unit structure shown in FIG. 8 is designed to have mirror symmetry with respect to the Y-axis direction (with respect to a plane parallel to the XZ plane).
- the conductor thickness (Z direction) is 20 ⁇ m, and the material is a complete conductor.
- the transmittance spectrum of the void-arranged structure of Comparative Example 1 was determined in the same manner as in the conventional example. The obtained transmittance spectrum is shown in FIG. From FIG. 9, it can be seen that no dip waveform occurs in Comparative Example 1.
- Comparative Example 2 In Comparative Example 2, as the gap arrangement structure, the unit structure shown in the perspective view of FIG. 10 was periodically arranged in the X-axis and Y-axis directions. In the unit structure shown in FIG. 10, two lower left and upper right second gaps 11b out of the four gaps have a shape that is upside down with respect to the gap 11 shown in FIG. The two first gap portions 11a have the same shape as in FIG. As described above, the unit structure shown in FIG. 10 is designed to have mirror symmetry with respect to the Y-axis direction (with respect to a plane parallel to the XZ plane). The conductor thickness (Z direction) is 20 ⁇ m, and the material is a complete conductor.
- the transmittance spectrum was determined in the same manner as in the conventional example.
- the obtained transmittance spectrum is shown in FIG. From FIG. 11, it can be seen that in Comparative Example 2, the dip waveform is only slightly generated in the vicinity of 0.9 THz. Therefore, even when the unit structure includes the first gap and the second gap having a shape different from the first gap, the overall shape of the unit structure is In the case of mirror symmetry with respect to a predetermined virtual plane orthogonal to the main surface of the gap arrangement structure, it is considered that a dip waveform is hardly generated in the transmission spectrum.
- Example 2 As the gap arrangement structure of Example 2, the unit structure shown in the perspective view of FIG. 12 was periodically arranged in the X-axis and Y-axis directions. In the unit structure shown in FIG. 12, only the lower right second gap 11b of the nine gaps has a shape that is upside down with respect to the gap 11 shown in FIG. The first gap portion 11a has the same shape as that in FIG. Thus, the unit structure shown in FIG. 12 is designed not to have mirror symmetry with respect to the Y-axis direction (with respect to a plane parallel to the XZ plane) in order to generate a dip waveform. Yes.
- the conductor thickness (Z direction) is 20 ⁇ m, and the material is a complete conductor.
- the transmittance spectrum was determined in the same manner as in the conventional example.
- the obtained transmittance spectrum is shown in FIG. From FIG. 13, it can be seen that a sharp dip waveform can be generated at a frequency of 0.917362 THz (917.362 GHz).
- the dip waveform of the transmittance spectrum becomes sharper in the order of FIG. 11 (Comparative Example 2), FIG. 6 (Example 1), FIG. 13 (Example 2), and FIG. Therefore, when the ratio of the voids having the same shape (the first void) is 2/4 with respect to the total number of voids included in the unit structure, 8 is the case where the ratio is 3/4. It can be seen that the dip waveform becomes sharper in the order of / 9 and 1/1.
- the electromagnetic wave scattered when the object to be measured adheres to the surface of the void-arranged structure by appropriately reducing the ratio of the first void to the total number of voids in the unit structure from 100%. Since the dip waveform generated in the transmission spectrum becomes sharper while increasing the characteristic change, the overall measurement sensitivity can be improved. That is, the unit structure includes a first void portion and a second void portion having a shape different from the first void portion, and the entire shape of the unit structure is a void arrangement structure.
- the measurement sensitivity can be improved by having a shape that is not mirror-symmetrical with respect to a predetermined virtual plane orthogonal to the main surface of the.
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Abstract
Description
互いに対向する一対の主面と、該一対の主面を貫通するように形成された複数の空隙部とを有し、
所定の間隔で整列配置された少なくとも2つの前記空隙部を有する同一形状の単位構造体が、前記主面の方向に2次元的かつ周期的に複数連結されてなる空隙配置構造体であり、
前記単位構造体は、第1の空隙部と、該第1の空隙部とは異なる形状を有する第2の空隙部とを含み、かつ、
前記主面を平面視したときの前記単位構造体の全体形状が、前記空隙配置構造体の主面と直交する所定の仮想面に対して鏡映対称とならない形状であることを特徴とする、空隙配置構造体である。
前記被測定物が保持された前記空隙配置構造体に電磁波を照射して、前記空隙配置構造体で散乱された該電磁波の特性を検出する工程と、
前記電磁波の特性によって、前記被測定物の有無または量を算出する工程と、
を備える、被測定物の測定方法にも関する。
d(sin i -sin θ)=nλ …(1)
と表すことができる。上記「0次方向」の0次とは、上記式(1)のnが0の場合を指す。dおよびλは0となり得ないため、n=0が成立するのは、sin i- sin θ=0の場合のみである。従って、上記「0次方向」とは、入射角と回折角が等しいとき、つまり電磁波の進行方向が変わらないような方向を意味する。
本発明の空隙配置構造体は、互いに対向する一対の主面と、該一対の主面を貫通するように形成された複数の空隙部とを有する。また、該空隙配置構造体は、所定の間隔で整列配置された少なくとも2つの空隙部を有する同一形状の単位構造体が、空隙配置構造体の主面の方向に2次元的かつ周期的に複数連結されてなる構造体である。
本発明において、「単位構造体」とは、空隙配置構造体を構成する周期的に最小の構成単位を意味し、少なくとも2つの空隙部を含む構造体である。
従来例の空隙配置構造体として、図1の斜視図に示す単位構造を、X軸とY軸方向に周期的に配置したものを使用した。図1に示す単位構造体は、1つの空隙部11を有し、ディップ波形を生成するために、空隙部11の形状はY軸方向に対して(XZ面と平行な面に対して)鏡映対称性を持たないように設計されている。なお、導体の厚み(Z方向)は20μmであり、材質は完全導体である。
実施例1の空隙配置構造体として、図5の斜視図に示す単位構造体を、X軸とY軸方向に周期的に配置したものを使用した。図5に示す単位構造体では、4つの空隙部のうち右下の第2の空隙部11bのみが図1に示した空隙部11と上下が逆転した形状となっており、他の3つの第1の空隙部11aは図1と同様の形状である。このように、図5に示す単位構造体は、全体形状がY軸方向に対して(XZ面と平行な面に対して)鏡映対称性を持たないように設計されている。なお、導体の厚み(Z方向)は20μmであり、材質は完全導体である。
比較例1の空隙配置構造体として、図8の斜視図に示す単位構造体を、X軸とY軸方向に周期的に配置したものを使用した。図8に示す単位構造体では、2つの空隙部のうち下側の第2の空隙部11bが図1に示した空隙部11と上下が逆転した形状となっており、他の第1の空隙部11aは図1と同様の形状である。このように、図8に示す単位構造体は、Y軸方向に対して(XZ面と平行な面に対して)鏡映対称性を持つように設計されている。なお、導体の厚み(Z方向)は20μmであり、材質は完全導体である。
比較例2では、空隙配置構造体として、図10の斜視図に示す単位構造体を、X軸とY軸方向に周期的に配置したものを使用した。図10に示す単位構造体では、4つの空隙部のうち左下および右上の2つの第2の空隙部11bが、図1に示した空隙部11と上下が逆転した形状となっており、他の2つの第1の空隙部11aは図1と同様の形状である。このように、図10に示す単位構造体は、Y軸方向に対して(XZ面と平行な面に対して)鏡映対称性を持つように設計されている。なお、導体の厚み(Z方向)は20μmであり、材質は完全導体である。
実施例2の空隙配置構造体として、図12の斜視図に示す単位構造体を、X軸とY軸方向に周期的に配置したものを使用した。図12に示す単位構造体では、9つの空隙部のうち右下の第2の空隙部11bのみが、図1に示した空隙部11と上下が逆転した形状となっており、他の8つの第1の空隙部11aは図1と同様の形状である。このように、図12に示す単位構造体は、ディップ波形を生成するために、Y軸方向に対して(XZ面と平行な面に対して)鏡映対称性を持たないように設計されている。なお、導体の厚み(Z方向)は20μmであり、材質は完全導体である。
Claims (7)
- 被測定物が保持された空隙配置構造体に電磁波を照射して、前記空隙配置構造体で散乱された電磁波の特性を検出することにより、前記被測定物の有無または量を測定するための空隙配置構造体であって、
互いに対向する一対の主面と、該一対の主面を貫通するように形成された複数の空隙部とを有し、
所定の間隔で整列配置された少なくとも2つの前記空隙部を有する同一形状の単位構造体が、前記主面の方向に2次元的かつ周期的に複数連結されてなる空隙配置構造体であり、
前記単位構造体は、第1の空隙部と、該第1の空隙部とは異なる形状を有する第2の空隙部とを含み、かつ、
前記主面を平面視したときの前記単位構造体の全体形状が、前記空隙配置構造体の主面と直交する所定の仮想面に対して鏡映対称とならない形状であることを特徴とする、空隙配置構造体。 - 前記仮想面が、前記電磁波の偏光方向に対して垂直な面である、請求項1に記載の空隙配置構造体。
- 前記第1の空隙部は、前記仮想面に対して鏡映対称とならない形状を有する、請求項2に記載の空隙配置構造体。
- 前記単位構造体に含まれる前記空隙部の総数に対して、前記第1の空隙部の数が50%より多い、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の空隙配置構造体。
- 前記単位構造体に含まれる前記空隙部の総数に対して、前記第1の空隙部の数が75%以上である、請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の空隙配置構造体。
- 請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の空隙配置構造体に被測定物を保持する工程と、
前記被測定物が保持された前記空隙配置構造体に電磁波を照射して、前記空隙配置構造体で散乱された該電磁波の特性を検出する工程と、
前記電磁波の特性によって、前記被測定物の有無または量を算出する工程と、
を備える、被測定物の測定方法。 - 前記電磁波が前記空隙配置構造体の主面に対して垂直な方向から照射される、請求項6に記載の測定方法。
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US10408750B2 (en) | 2019-09-10 |
US20160011104A1 (en) | 2016-01-14 |
JP5991426B2 (ja) | 2016-09-14 |
JPWO2014156670A1 (ja) | 2017-02-16 |
CN205175908U (zh) | 2016-04-20 |
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