WO2014128941A1 - 並列接続蓄電システム - Google Patents
並列接続蓄電システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014128941A1 WO2014128941A1 PCT/JP2013/054648 JP2013054648W WO2014128941A1 WO 2014128941 A1 WO2014128941 A1 WO 2014128941A1 JP 2013054648 W JP2013054648 W JP 2013054648W WO 2014128941 A1 WO2014128941 A1 WO 2014128941A1
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- storage element
- parallel connection
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- power storage
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 310
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 title abstract 20
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 32
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002001 electrolyte material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 nickel metal hydride Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0024—Parallel/serial switching of connection of batteries to charge or load circuit
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a parallel connection power storage system.
- Patent Document 1 proposes a power storage system that switches on only a power storage element array having a predetermined voltage difference.
- FIG. 10 shows how the current flows at this time.
- the battery open voltage is equal when the remaining battery levels are equal.
- FIG. 11 shows how the current flows at this time.
- Current gradually begins to flow at the relaxation time ⁇ .
- An object of the present invention is to prevent an excessive current from flowing to some of the storage elements when the storage battery rows in the parallel-connected storage system are disconnected and then restored.
- the present invention provides a parallel connection power storage system in which a plurality of chargeable / dischargeable power storage elements are connected in series to form a power storage element array, and the plurality of power storage element arrays are connected in parallel.
- a storage element voltage measurement device that measures a storage element voltage for each storage element, a storage element state estimation device that estimates a storage element state for each storage element, and a storage element current that measures a storage element current for each storage element column
- a measuring device a parallel connection switch for connecting to and disconnecting from the parallel connection storage system for each storage element array; and turning on the parallel connection switch based on the storage element voltage, the storage element state, and the storage element current
- a parallel connection switch control means for controlling the parallel connection switch based on the storage element voltage, the storage element state, and the storage element current.
- a parallel connection power storage system 1401 connects a plurality of power storage elements B11 to B33, bus bars 111 to 113 for connecting them in series, power storage element rows Row1 to Row3 in which a plurality of power storage elements are connected in series, and power storage elements.
- a parallel connection switch control device 160 for controlling the switch for this purpose, a parallel connection energy storage system integrated control controller 1403 for controlling the entire parallel connection energy storage system 1401, a power conversion device 1402 for converting direct current to alternating current, an external charging source And a connection terminal 1406 for connecting to a load, a state display monitor 1405 for displaying the state of the storage element and the parallel connection storage system, and a rack 1404 for storing each device and the storage element.
- the power storage elements B11 to B33 may be secondary batteries that can be charged and discharged.
- a nickel metal hydride battery, a lithium ion battery, a lead storage battery, a lithium ion capacitor, etc. can be considered.
- the power conversion device 1402 includes a converter, an inverter, and the like, discharges the electrical energy stored in the storage elements B11 to B33 as DC power, converts the discharged DC power into AC power, and connects it to the connection terminal 1406. It is possible to output the AC power supplied to the AC power system or input AC power supplied from the AC power system or the power generation system, and convert the input AC power into DC power.
- the parallel-connected power storage system 1401 includes a power storage element row Row1 configured by connecting a plurality (three in this embodiment) of power storage elements B11, B21, and B31 in series, and a power storage element row Row2 having the same configuration as There is a storage element row Row3, and parallel connection switches 101 to 103 are connected in series to these storage element rows Row1, Row2, and Row3, respectively. Further, in configuring the storage element rows, the resistance values generated by the bus bars for connecting the storage elements to each other and the shunt resistor for current detection described below are collected, and the wiring resistance value 111 is determined for each storage element row. 113 exists.
- storage element row states that can detect / estimate the storage element voltage, internal resistance, storage element temperature, remaining storage element amount, etc. of each storage element in each storage element row
- the detection devices 121, 122, and 123 are connected, and those signals are transmitted to the parallel connection switch control device 160.
- there is a voltage detection device 140 that can detect the voltage of the entire parallel connection power storage system, and the detected values are transmitted to the parallel connection switch control device 160.
- the parallel connection switches 101 to 103 mechanical relays or semiconductor switches can be used.
- a form using a Hall element or a shunt resistor is common.
- the parallel connection switch control device 160 controls the parallel connection switches 101 to 103 based on the open circuit voltage of each of the storage elements, the internal resistance, the current value of each storage element array, and the number of storage element arrays connected to the parallel connection storage system. I do.
- the storage element row state detection device 121 estimates the internal state of the storage element B11, B21, and B31, and the storage element internal state estimation that estimates the internal state of each storage element B11, B21, and B31.
- the storage element both-ends voltage measuring device 201 may be a method of measuring the both-ends voltage of the storage element using one voltmeter and a multiplexer.
- the storage element internal state estimation unit 203 uses the equivalent circuit to model the storage elements B11, B21, and B31, respectively, and the storage element voltage and the storage element voltage estimated by the storage element voltage and the storage element model group 202.
- a model error calculation unit 204 that calculates a model error of the storage element model by comparing the estimated values and a parameter calculation unit 207 that calculates a parameter value of the storage element model based on the model error are provided, and an open circuit voltage of the storage element model Value, polarization resistance value and series resistance value are output.
- the storage element remaining amount calculation unit 205 calculates the remaining amount of the storage element based on the storage element voltage, the current value flowing through the storage element, and the storage element temperature.
- a Coulomb count method for obtaining a charge by time integration of a flowing current value a method for obtaining a remaining amount using a relationship between a storage element voltage and a remaining storage element recorded in the storage medium 206, and a combination thereof. Possible methods.
- the storage element model group 202 includes equivalent circuit models of the storage elements B11 to B13.
- the storage element equivalent circuit model BM11 to be used has one resistor r0 and k pieces (where k is an integer equal to or greater than 1) of RC parallel circuits, a storage element remaining amount (SOC), and a battery open-circuit voltage calculated by battery temperature ( An open circuit voltage source VC (11) that outputs (OCV) is used in series.
- r0 is a series resistance parameter
- r1 to rk are polarization resistance parameters.
- these values differ depending on the type of the storage element, the electrode used, and the electrolyte material. Therefore, it is desirable to identify the parameter value and write it in the storage medium 206 before using the power storage element in the parallel connection power storage system.
- the current value that actually flows through the power storage element row Row1 is input to the power storage element equivalent circuit model BM11 created according to FIG.
- the model error calculation unit 204 compares the measured storage element voltage measurement values. A comparison example is shown in FIG. When a rectangular wave current shown in FIG. 4 is input as the input current, the storage element voltage behaves as shown in FIG. A deviation between the storage element voltage estimated value and the storage element voltage measurement value is used as a model error, and this value is transmitted to the parameter calculation unit 207.
- the parameter calculation unit 207 calculates model parameter values (r0 to rk, c1 to ck) so that the model error is minimized, and updates the parameters of the storage element model based on the result.
- model parameter values r0 to rk, c1 to ck
- the storage element array including the storage element for which the exchange command is issued from the parallel connection storage system integrated control controller 1403 is disconnected using the parallel connection switch.
- the parallel connection switch 101 is turned off in order to disconnect the power storage element row Row1.
- the storage element row Row1 is replaced at the storage element replacement stage of S502.
- the replacement method a method of exchanging with a storage element array that has been previously arranged as a spare in the parallel-connected storage system, a method of manually removing the storage element array, and installing a new storage element array can be considered.
- the process proceeds to the warning stage of S505.
- a mounting error is displayed on the status display monitor 1405 and prompts for confirmation of mounting. If the storage element row is correctly mounted in the rack, the process proceeds to S504, where the storage element row return process is performed, and the storage element replacement process ends.
- connection processing stage of S504 will be described with reference to FIG.
- Equation 1 a method for deriving (Equation 1) will be described with reference to FIGS.
- Equation 1 a method of modeling the power storage element rows Row1 to Row3 using a model of the power storage elements constituting the power storage element rows Row1 to Row3 will be described with reference to FIG.
- the storage element row model RowM1 obtained by modeling the storage element row Row1 is configured by connecting in series a storage resistance equivalent circuit model BM11, BM21, BM31, and a wiring resistance model 111M having a resistance value equivalent to that of the bus bar 111.
- the storage element rows Row2 and Row3 are modeled to create storage element row models RowM2 and RowM3.
- Disconnection storage element array series resistance R0 (:, 1) R0 (1,1) + R0 (2,1) + R0 (3,1) + 111M
- Disconnection storage element array polarization resistance R (:, 1) R (1, 1) + R (2, 1) + R (3, 1)
- Disconnected storage element array polarization capacity 1 / C (:, 1) 1 / C (1,1) + 1 / C (2,1) + 1 / C (3,1)
- Disconnected storage element array open circuit voltage VC (:, 1) VC (11) + VC (21) + VC (31) Is defined and modeled.
- the storage element array models Row2M and Row3M are created for the storage element array models of the storage element arrays Row2 and Row3 connected to the system.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
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- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Protection Of Static Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
並列接続蓄電システム統合制御コントローラ1403から蓄電素子交換処理の指令が並列接続スイッチ制御装置に伝送されると、並列接続蓄電システムは図7のフローチャートに従って制御される。
正しく蓄電素子列がラックに装着されていれば、S504に進み、蓄電素子列の復列処理を行い、蓄電素子交換処理が終了する。
ΔOCV = OCV(:,1)- OCVavg = Iavg×(R0avg+Ravg-R0(:,1)) (式1)
ΔOCVは解列された蓄電素子列の開放電圧差、Iavgはスイッチをオンにした後の蓄電素子列の電流平均値である。(式1)を満たしている場合、S603のスイッチ処理に進み、満たしていなければS601に進む。S603のスイッチ処理において、並列接続スイッチ制御装置は、並列接続スイッチ101をオンさせる処理を行い、復列処理S504は終了となる。
解列されている蓄電素子列の蓄電素子列モデルRow1Mについて、
解列蓄電素子列直列抵抗R0(:,1)= R0(1,1)+ R0(2,1)+ R0(3,1)+111M
解列蓄電素子列分極抵抗R(:,1)=R(1,1)+ R(2,1)+ R(3,1)
解列蓄電素子列分極容量1/C(:,1)=1/C(1,1)+1/C(2,1)+1/C(3,1)
解列蓄電素子列開放電圧VC(:,1)=VC(11)+ VC(21)+ VC(31)
を定義し、モデル化する。
接続蓄電素子列直列抵抗R0avg = (R0(:,2)+ R0(:,3))/2
接続蓄電素子列分極抵抗Ravg = (R(:,2)+ R(:,3))/2
接続蓄電素子列分極容量Cavg = (C(:,2)+C(:,3))/2
接続蓄電素子列開放電圧VCavg = (VC(:,2)+ VC(:,3))/2
次に,復列させた瞬間に蓄電素子列モデルRow1Mおよび接続蓄電素子列モデルRowavgMに流れる電流を考えると、復列させた瞬間にはR(:,1)にはほとんど電流は流れないと考えられる。Row1Mに流れる電流をI、 RowavgMに流れる電流をI’(ただし、I’、I’’共に充電時を正、放電時を負とする)とし、復列後の蓄電素子列の電圧が等しくなる条件から、以下の式が成り立つ。
VC(:,1)+I’×R0(:,1)=VCavg+I’’×(R0avg+Ravg) (式2)
(式2)において、復列させた瞬間に各蓄電素子列に等しい電流が流れるものとして、I’=I’’=Iavg(n)=I/nとし整理すると、(式1)となる。
1402 電力変換装置
1403 並列接続蓄電システム統合制御コントローラ
1404 ラック
1405 状態表示モニター
1406 接続端子
101,102,103 並列接続スイッチ
111,112,113 配線抵抗(バスバー)
B11…B33 蓄電素子
Row1,Row2,Row3 蓄電素子列
121,122,123 蓄電素子列状態検出装置
131,132,133 電流検出装置
140 電圧検出装置
160 並列接続スイッチ制御装置
201 蓄電素子両端電圧測定装置
202 蓄電素子モデル
203 蓄電素子内部状態推定部
204 モデル誤差演算部
205 蓄電素子残量演算部
206 記憶媒体
207 パラメータ演算部
r0 直列抵抗パラメータ
r1…rk 分極抵抗パラメータ
c1…ck 分極容量パラメータ
VC(11)…VC(33)開放電圧源
BM11…BM33 蓄電素子モデル
111M…113M 配線抵抗モデル
Row1M…Row3M 蓄電素子列モデル
R(1,1)…R(3,3)分極抵抗
R0(1,1)…R0(3,3) 直列抵抗
C(1,1)…C(3,3)分極容量
SW1 解列蓄電素子列スイッチ
SWon 接続蓄電素子列スイッチ
R(:,1)…R(:,3)解列蓄電素子列分極抵抗
R0(:,1)…R0(:,3) 解列蓄電素子列直列抵抗
C(:,1)…C(:,3)解列蓄電素子列分極容量
VC(:,1)…VC(:,3) 解列蓄電素子列開放電圧
RowavgM 接続蓄電素子列モデル
Ravg 接続蓄電素子列分極抵抗
R0avg 接続蓄電素子列直列抵抗
Cavg 接続蓄電素子列分極容量
VCavg 接続蓄電素子列開放電圧
Claims (4)
- 充放電が可能な蓄電素子を複数個直列に接続して蓄電素子列とし、前記蓄電素子列を複数個並列に接続した並列接続蓄電システムにおいて、
前記蓄電素子ごとの蓄電素子電圧を測定する蓄電素子電圧測定装置と、
前記蓄電素子ごとの蓄電素子状態を推定する蓄電素子状態推定装置と、
前記蓄電素子列ごとの蓄電素子電流を測定する蓄電素子電流測定装置と、
前記蓄電素子列ごとに当該並列接続蓄電システムに接続と切離しを行う並列接続スイッチと、
前記蓄電素子電圧、前記蓄電素子状態、前記蓄電素子電流に基づいて前記並列接続スイッチをオンにする並列接続スイッチ制御手段とを備えることを特徴とする並列接続蓄電システム。 - 請求項1において、前記並列接続スイッチ制御手段は、各蓄電素子列に等しい電流が流れる蓄電素子列開放電圧差の時に、前記並列接続蓄電システムに接続されていない蓄電素子列の並列接続スイッチをオンにすることを特徴とする並列接続蓄電システム。
- 請求項2において、前記蓄電素子列開放電圧差をΔOCV、前記並列接続蓄電システムに接続されていない蓄電素子列の並列接続スイッチをオンにした後の電流平均値をIavg(n)、蓄電素子列数をn、前記並列接続蓄電システムに接続されていない蓄電素子列の直列抵抗をR0(:,1)、前記並列接続蓄電システムに接続されている蓄電素子列の直列抵抗平均値をR0avg、前記並列接続蓄電システムに接続されている蓄電素子列の分極抵抗平均値をRavgとした場合に、以下の式を満たすことを特徴とする並列接続蓄電システム。
ΔOCV= Iavg(n)×(R0avg+ Ravg- R0(:,1)) - 請求項3において、前記電流平均値Iavg(n)は、前記並列接続蓄電システムに接続されていない蓄電素子列の並列接続スイッチをオンにする直前の各前記蓄電素子列電流の総和Iとした場合に、以下の式を満たすことを特徴とする並列接続蓄電システム。
Iavg (n)=I/n
Priority Applications (4)
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EP13875557.4A EP2961023B1 (en) | 2013-02-25 | 2013-02-25 | Parallel-connected electricity storage system |
US14/655,423 US9627718B2 (en) | 2013-02-25 | 2013-02-25 | Parallel-connected electricity storage system |
JP2015501204A JP5965538B2 (ja) | 2013-02-25 | 2013-02-25 | 並列接続蓄電システム |
PCT/JP2013/054648 WO2014128941A1 (ja) | 2013-02-25 | 2013-02-25 | 並列接続蓄電システム |
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JP2016092948A (ja) * | 2014-11-04 | 2016-05-23 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 蓄電装置及び蓄電器の接続方法 |
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JPWO2018056262A1 (ja) * | 2016-09-21 | 2019-04-25 | オートモーティブエナジーサプライ株式会社 | 電源システム |
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US11277013B2 (en) | 2017-06-08 | 2022-03-15 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Power storage system having a plurality of power storage blocks interconnected in parallel and control device |
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JP7323506B2 (ja) | 2020-12-25 | 2023-08-08 | プライムプラネットエナジー&ソリューションズ株式会社 | 蓄電システム、および蓄電システムの制御装置 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2961023A4 (en) | 2017-01-11 |
EP2961023A1 (en) | 2015-12-30 |
US9627718B2 (en) | 2017-04-18 |
JPWO2014128941A1 (ja) | 2017-02-02 |
JP5965538B2 (ja) | 2016-08-10 |
US20150364797A1 (en) | 2015-12-17 |
EP2961023B1 (en) | 2020-02-05 |
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