WO2014119332A1 - 非水電解質二次電池用セパレータ及び非水電解質二次電池 - Google Patents
非水電解質二次電池用セパレータ及び非水電解質二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014119332A1 WO2014119332A1 PCT/JP2014/000522 JP2014000522W WO2014119332A1 WO 2014119332 A1 WO2014119332 A1 WO 2014119332A1 JP 2014000522 W JP2014000522 W JP 2014000522W WO 2014119332 A1 WO2014119332 A1 WO 2014119332A1
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- porous membrane
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/429—Natural polymers
- H01M50/4295—Natural cotton, cellulose or wood
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/44—Fibrous material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/30—Batteries in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a separator for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery and a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- Mobile information terminals such as mobile phones and notebook PCs are rapidly becoming smaller and lighter, and non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries with high energy density and high capacity are widely used as drive power sources. Yes.
- a separator for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery a polyolefin-based porous film is used as a separator having high air density and a large number of through holes.
- the polyolefin system has low heat resistance, when the internal temperature of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery becomes high, a shrinkage defect part or the like is generated in the porous film, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode are in contact with each other at the shrinkage defect part or the like. A short circuit may occur. Accordingly, there is a separator for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using cellulose having high heat resistance as a raw material.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a separator for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery in which a wet paper is manufactured using cellulose as a raw material and dried while maintaining a void structure present in the wet paper.
- the separator when charging / discharging is repeated or overcharged, metallic lithium may be deposited on the negative electrode surface. This deposit is called lithium dendrite. When lithium dendrite grows gradually and penetrates the separator to reach the positive electrode, it may cause an internal short circuit.
- the separator in order to suppress lithium dendrite made of graphite, the separator preferably has a small pore diameter. A separator made of cellulose fiber obtained by the measurement method described in Document 1 cannot satisfy a sufficiently small pore size. In addition, the prevention of internal short circuit due to lithium dendrite is still not sufficient even in a conventional separator for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using cellulose as a raw material.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a separator for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery and a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery in which the occurrence of an internal short circuit is suppressed.
- the separator for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present invention has a porous film mainly composed of cellulose fibers, and the maximum pore diameter of the porous film is 0.2 ⁇ m or less.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the battery separator has a porous film mainly composed of cellulose fibers, and the maximum pore diameter of the porous film is 0.2 ⁇ m or less.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a separator for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery and a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery in which the occurrence of an internal short circuit is suppressed.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the configuration of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present embodiment.
- a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery 30 shown in FIG. 1 includes a negative electrode 1, a positive electrode 2, and a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery separator 3 interposed between the negative electrode 1 and the positive electrode 2 (hereinafter simply referred to as a separator 3).
- a non-aqueous electrolyte (not shown), a cylindrical battery case 4 and a sealing plate 5.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte is injected into the battery case 4.
- the negative electrode 1 and the positive electrode 2 are wound with a separator 3 interposed therebetween, and constitute a wound electrode group together with the separator 3.
- An upper insulating plate 6 and a lower insulating plate 7 are attached to both ends in the longitudinal direction of the wound electrode group, and the battery case 4 Is housed inside.
- One end of a positive electrode lead 8 is connected to the positive electrode 2, and the other end of the positive electrode lead 8 is connected to a positive electrode terminal 10 provided on the sealing plate 5.
- One end of a negative electrode lead 9 is connected to the negative electrode 1, and the other end of the negative electrode lead 9 is connected to the inner bottom of the battery case 4.
- the lead and the member are connected by welding or the like.
- the open end of the battery case 4 is caulked to the sealing plate 5, and the battery case 4 is sealed.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the configuration of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery separator according to this embodiment.
- the separator 3 of Embodiment 1 is interposed between the positive electrode 2 and the negative electrode 1 and has a function of transmitting Li ions while preventing a short circuit between the positive electrode 2 and the negative electrode 1.
- the separator 3 of Embodiment 1 is comprised from the porous film which has a cellulose fiber as a main component.
- the separator 3 according to the first embodiment is not limited to one composed only of a porous film mainly composed of cellulose fibers. For example, iron oxide, SiO 2 (silica), Al on the porous film or in the porous film.
- a porous layer mainly composed of heat-resistant fine particles such as 2 O 3 (alumina) and TiO 2 may be formed.
- the porous film of Embodiment 1 has a plurality of holes that form a path 41 through which Li ions pass when charging and discharging the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery 30.
- the maximum pore diameter of the porous membrane is in the range of 0.2 ⁇ m or less, preferably in the range of 0.05 ⁇ m or less.
- lithium dendrite 42 may be generated on the surface of the negative electrode 1 when charging / discharging is repeated or overcharged.
- the lithium dendrite 42 gradually grows in the shortest distance toward the positive electrode and penetrates the separator to reach the positive electrode 2, it may cause an internal short circuit.
- the fiber 40 is multi-bundleed, and the maximum pore diameter of the porous membrane is in a range of 0.2 ⁇ m or less, so that the maximum pore diameter of the porous membrane exceeds 0.2 ⁇ m.
- the denseness of the film is increased, and the occurrence of internal short circuit due to the generation of the lithium dendrite 42 is suppressed.
- the maximum pore diameter of the porous membrane is in the range of 0.05 ⁇ m or less, the mechanical strength of the membrane, the denseness of the membrane, the curvature of the membrane are compared with the case where the maximum pore size of the porous membrane exceeds 0.05 ⁇ m.
- a road ratio etc. become high and generation
- the curvature refers to the shape of the pore path leading from one side of the porous membrane to the opposite surface, and the small curvature means that there are many vertical through-holes to the membrane, and internal short-circuiting due to lithium dendrite. It can also be a cause.
- the maximum pore size of the porous membrane is more preferably in the range of 0.03 ⁇ m or less.
- the lower limit value of the maximum pore diameter of the porous membrane is preferably 0.02 ⁇ m or more.
- pores having a pore diameter range of more than 0.01 ⁇ m to 0.03 ⁇ m occupy a range of 10% to 50% of the total pore volume.
- pores having a pore diameter range of 0.01 ⁇ m or less occupy 50% or more of the total pore volume.
- a hole having a pore diameter range of more than 0.01 ⁇ m to 0.03 ⁇ m occupies 10% to 50% of the total pore volume, or a hole having a pore diameter range of 0.01 ⁇ m or less is 50% of the total pore volume.
- the mechanical strength of the film, the denseness of the film, the curvature of the film, and the like become higher, and the occurrence of internal short circuit due to the lithium dendrite 42 is further suppressed.
- the ratio of the holes having a hole diameter of 0.01 ⁇ m or less is set in the above range, since the holes serving as the paths 41 through which the Li ions pass are ensured, the significant battery performance deterioration is suppressed.
- the pores having a pore diameter of 0.01 ⁇ m or less are more preferably in the range of 50% to 80% of the total pore volume.
- the pores having a pore diameter range of more than 0.01 ⁇ m are more than 50% of the total pore volume (the pores having a pore diameter range of 0.01 ⁇ m or less are less than 50% of the total pore volume)
- the mechanical strength of the membrane, the denseness of the membrane, the curvature of the membrane, and the like may be lower than when the pores having a pore diameter range of 0.01 ⁇ m or less are 50% or more of the total pore volume.
- the pore size distribution of the porous membrane is measured, for example, using a palm porometer that can measure the pore size by the bubble point method (JIS K3832, ASTM F316-86).
- a palm porometer manufactured by Seika Sangyo Co., Ltd., CFP-1500AE type
- SILWICK (20 dyne / cm) or GALKWICK (16 dyne / cm)
- GALKWICK (16 dyne / cm
- the maximum pore size of the porous membrane is the maximum pore size at the peak observed from the pore size distribution obtained as described above. Moreover, by calculating
- the porous membrane of Embodiment 1 preferably has one peak in the pore size range of 0.2 ⁇ m or less, preferably in the range of pore size 0.05 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness of the porous film is preferably in the range of 5 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of improving the charge / discharge performance of the secondary battery in addition to the mechanical strength of the film.
- the thickness of the porous film is 5 ⁇ m or more, the mechanical strength of the film is improved or it is difficult to form vertical through-holes in the film as compared with the case where the thickness of the porous film is less than 5 ⁇ m, and lithium dendrite is generated. The occurrence of an internal short circuit due to the is further suppressed.
- the fall of charging / discharging performance is suppressed as compared with the case where the thickness of a porous film exceeds 30 micrometers as the thickness of a porous film is 30 micrometers or less.
- the fiber diameter of the cellulose fiber 40 as the main component is 1/10 or less of the thickness of the porous membrane.
- the porous membrane of Embodiment 1 has a thickness of 5 ⁇ m or more, and in order that the fiber diameter of the fiber 40 is 1/10 or less of the thickness of the porous membrane, the average fiber diameter may be 0.5 ⁇ m or less. preferable.
- the visual confirmation by SEM is sufficient for the confirmation method of the average fiber diameter here.
- the porosity of the porous film of Embodiment 1 is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 30% or more and 70% or less, for example, in terms of maintaining high charge / discharge performance. .
- the porosity is a percentage of the total volume of pores of the porous membrane with respect to the volume of the porous membrane.
- the air permeability of the porous film of the first embodiment is not particularly limited, but is, for example, in the range of 150 seconds / 100 cc or more and 800 seconds / 100 cc or less in that high charge / discharge performance is maintained. Preferably there is.
- the air permeability is obtained by passing air (Air) in the direction perpendicular to the porous membrane surface given under a certain pressure and measuring the time taken until 100 cc of air passes.
- the basis weight of the porous film of Embodiment 1 is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 5 g / m 2 or more in terms of improving the mechanical strength of the film and maintaining high charge / discharge performance.
- the range is preferably 20 g / m 2 or less.
- the porous membrane of Embodiment 1 may be any material that has cellulose fibers as the main component.
- having cellulose fibers as a main component means that 80% by mass or more of cellulose fibers are contained with respect to the total amount of the porous membrane. That is, as long as the cellulose fibers are contained in an amount of 80% by mass or more, organic fibers other than cellulose may be included.
- Organic fibers other than cellulose may be laminated with cellulose as a main component, or may be included in a mixed state with cellulose as a main component.
- cellulose fibers and the like are dispersed in an aqueous solvent to prepare an aqueous dispersion.
- the obtained aqueous dispersion is coated on the surface of a substrate having a smooth surface (for example, a glass plate or a stainless steel plate), dried, the solvent is removed, and a film (porous) formed on the substrate Film) is peeled off.
- a porous film can be obtained.
- the aqueous solvent include those containing a surfactant, a thickener, and the like, and adjusting the viscosity and dispersion state.
- An organic solvent may be added to the aqueous dispersion from the viewpoint of forming pores in the porous film.
- the organic solvent include alcohols such as butanol, glycols such as glycerin, and polar solvents such as N-methyl-pyrrolidone, which are highly compatible with water.
- an aqueous binder such as CMC and PVA and an emulsion binder such as SBR, the viscosity of the slurry can be adjusted and the membrane strength of the porous membrane can be enhanced.
- long fibers of resin that do not affect the coating properties of the slurry are mixed, and a porous membrane is formed by welding the resin fibers with a thermal calendar press.
- the cellulose fiber of Embodiment 1 is not particularly limited, for example, natural cellulose fibers such as softwood wood pulp, hardwood wood pulp, esparto pulp, manila hemp pulp, sisal hemp pulp, and cotton pulp, or these natural celluloses Any of regenerated cellulose fibers such as lyocell obtained by spinning fibers with an organic solvent may be used.
- natural cellulose fibers such as softwood wood pulp, hardwood wood pulp, esparto pulp, manila hemp pulp, sisal hemp pulp, and cotton pulp
- Any of regenerated cellulose fibers such as lyocell obtained by spinning fibers with an organic solvent may be used.
- the cellulose fiber of Embodiment 1 is preferably a fibrillated cellulose fiber from the viewpoint of pore diameter control, nonaqueous electrolyte retention, battery life, and the like.
- Fibrilization refers to a phenomenon in which the above-mentioned fibers composed of a multi-bundle structure of small fibers are broken into small fibers (fibrils) or the surface of the fibers is fluffed by frictional action or the like. Fibrilization is obtained by beating fibers using a beater such as a beater, refiner, or mill, or by fibrillating fibers using a bead mill, an extrusion kneader, or a high-pressure shear force.
- a beater such as a beater, refiner, or mill
- a cellulose fiber having a fiber diameter of 0.5 ⁇ m or less and a fiber length of 50 ⁇ m or less, for example, should be used. Is preferred.
- the separator 3 of Embodiment 2 is comprised from the porous film which has a cellulose fiber as a main component similarly to the separator of Embodiment 1. As shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of holes serving as paths 41 through which Li ions pass are formed in the porous film of the second embodiment when the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery 30 is charged and discharged.
- the maximum pore size of the porous membrane is in the range of 0.2 ⁇ m or less, and the pores having a pore size in the range of 0.05 ⁇ m or less account for 50% or more of the total pore volume in the pore size distribution of the porous membrane. ing.
- lithium dendrite 42 may be generated on the surface of the negative electrode 1 when charging / discharging is repeated or overcharged.
- the lithium dendrite 42 gradually grows in the shortest path toward the positive electrode and penetrates the separator to reach the positive electrode 2, it may cause an internal short circuit.
- the fibers 40 are multi-bundleed, the maximum pore diameter of the porous membrane is in the range of 0.2 ⁇ m or less, and the pore diameter distribution has a pore diameter range of 0.05 ⁇ m or less.
- the porous membrane of Embodiment 2 is composed of fine fibers formed by fibrillation with cellulose fibers having a fiber diameter of 0.5 ⁇ m or less and a fiber length of 50 ⁇ m or less in a high-order structure. A porous film can be formed.
- the maximum pore size of the porous membrane of Embodiment 2 is 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 0.2 ⁇ m.
- the following range is preferred, and in the pore size distribution of the porous membrane, pores having a pore size of 0.05 ⁇ m or less are more preferably in the range of 50% to 80% of the total pore volume.
- the maximum pore size of the porous membrane exceeds 0.2 ⁇ m, the mechanical strength of the membrane, the denseness of the membrane, the curvature, etc. are reduced compared to the case where the maximum pore size of the porous membrane is 0.2 ⁇ m or less.
- the dendrite penetrates the separator, and an internal short circuit is likely to occur.
- the maximum pore diameter is less than 0.1 ⁇ m, the input output may decrease.
- the pores having a pore diameter range of more than 0.05 ⁇ m are more than 50% of the total pore volume (the pores having a pore diameter range of 0.05 ⁇ m or less are less than 50% of the total pore volume)
- the mechanical strength of the membrane, the denseness of the membrane, the curvature, etc. are reduced, and the lithium dendrite has a separator. It penetrates easily and an internal short circuit occurs easily.
- the pore size distribution of the porous membrane if the range exceeding the pore size of 0.05 ⁇ m is less than 20%, the input output may be lowered.
- the pore size distribution of the porous membrane is measured, for example, using a palm porometer that can measure the pore size by the bubble point method (JIS K3832, ASTM F316-86).
- a palm porometer manufactured by Seika Sangyo Co., Ltd., CFP-1500AE type
- SILWICK (20 dyne / cm) or GAKWICK (16 dyne / cm)
- the pressure up to 3.5 Mpa pores up to 0.01 ⁇ m can be measured, and the pore size distribution can be obtained from the air passage amount at the measurement pressure at that time.
- the maximum pore size of the porous membrane is the maximum pore size at the peak observed from the pore size distribution obtained as described above. Further, by obtaining the ratio (B / A) of the peak area (B) observed at a pore diameter of 0.05 ⁇ m or less to all the peak areas (A) observed from the pore diameter distribution obtained as described above, the pore diameter of 0 It can be determined what percentage of the total pore volume the pores of 0.05 ⁇ m or less.
- the porous membrane of Embodiment 2 preferably has a wide distribution over a range of pore size of 0.01 ⁇ m or more and 0.2 ⁇ m or less. It is preferred to have one or more peaks in the range of 2 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness of the porous film is preferably in the range of 5 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of improving the charge / discharge performance of the secondary battery in addition to the mechanical strength of the film.
- the thickness of the porous film is 5 ⁇ m or more, the mechanical strength of the film is improved or it is difficult to form vertical through-holes in the film as compared with the case where the thickness of the porous film is less than 5 ⁇ m, and lithium dendrite is generated. The occurrence of an internal short circuit due to the is further suppressed.
- the fall of charging / discharging performance is suppressed as compared with the case where the thickness of a porous film exceeds 30 micrometers as the thickness of a porous film is 30 micrometers or less.
- the porosity of the porous film of Embodiment 2 is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 30% or more and 70% or less, for example, in view of maintaining high charge / discharge performance. .
- the porosity is a percentage of the total volume of the pores of the porous membrane with respect to the volume of the porous membrane.
- the air permeability of the porous film of the second embodiment is not particularly limited, but is, for example, in the range of 150 seconds / 100 cc or more and 800 seconds / 100 cc or less in that high charge / discharge performance is maintained. Preferably there is.
- the air permeability is obtained by passing air (Air) in the direction perpendicular to the porous membrane surface given under a certain pressure and measuring the time taken until 100 cc of air passes.
- the basis weight of the porous film of Embodiment 2 is not particularly limited, but it is, for example, 5 g / m 2 or more in terms of improving the mechanical strength of the film and maintaining high charge / discharge performance.
- the range is preferably 20 g / m 2 or less.
- the porous film of the second embodiment may be anything as long as it has cellulose fibers as the main component.
- having cellulose fibers as a main component means that 80% by mass or more of cellulose fibers are contained with respect to the total amount of the porous membrane. That is, as long as the cellulose fibers are contained in an amount of 80% by mass or more, organic fibers other than cellulose may be included.
- Organic fibers other than cellulose may be laminated with cellulose as a main component, or may be included in a mixed state with cellulose as a main component.
- cellulose fibers and the like are dispersed in an aqueous solvent to prepare an aqueous dispersion.
- the obtained aqueous dispersion is coated on the surface of a substrate having a smooth surface (for example, a glass plate or a stainless steel plate), dried, the solvent is removed, and a film (porous) formed on the substrate Film) is peeled off.
- a porous film can be obtained.
- the aqueous solvent include those containing a surfactant, a thickener, and the like, and adjusting the viscosity and dispersion state.
- An organic solvent may be added to the aqueous dispersion from the viewpoint of forming pores in the porous film.
- the organic solvent is selected from those having high compatibility with water, and examples thereof include polar solvents such as glycols such as ethylene glycol, glycol ethers, glycol diethers, and N-methyl-pyrrolidone.
- polar solvents such as glycols such as ethylene glycol, glycol ethers, glycol diethers, and N-methyl-pyrrolidone.
- an aqueous binder such as CMC and PVA and an emulsion binder such as SBR, the viscosity of the slurry can be adjusted and the membrane strength of the porous membrane can be enhanced.
- the cellulose fiber of Embodiment 2 is not particularly limited, for example, natural cellulose fibers such as softwood wood pulp, hardwood wood pulp, esparto pulp, manila hemp pulp, sisal hemp pulp, cotton pulp, or these natural fibers Any of regenerated cellulose fibers such as lyocell obtained by spinning cellulose fibers with an organic solvent may be used.
- natural cellulose fibers such as softwood wood pulp, hardwood wood pulp, esparto pulp, manila hemp pulp, sisal hemp pulp, cotton pulp, or these natural fibers
- Any of regenerated cellulose fibers such as lyocell obtained by spinning cellulose fibers with an organic solvent may be used.
- the cellulose fiber of Embodiment 2 is preferably a fibrillated cellulose fiber from the viewpoint of pore diameter control, nonaqueous electrolyte retention, battery life, and the like.
- Fibrilization refers to a phenomenon in which the above-mentioned fibers composed of a multi-bundle structure of small fibers are broken into small fibers (fibrils) or the surface of the fibers is fluffed by frictional action or the like. Fibrilization is obtained by beating fibers using a beater such as a beater, refiner, or mill, or by fibrillating fibers using a bead mill, an extrusion kneader, or a high-pressure shear force.
- a beater such as a beater, refiner, or mill
- the fiber diameter is, for example, 0.5 ⁇ m or less from the viewpoint of setting the maximum pore diameter of the porous membrane to 0.2 ⁇ m or less and the pores having a pore diameter range of 0.05 ⁇ m or less to 50% or more of the total pore volume.
- Cellulose fibers having a fiber length of, for example, 50 ⁇ m or less are preferably used, cellulose fibers having a fiber diameter of, for example, 0.5 ⁇ m or less, and fiber lengths of, for example, 50 ⁇ m or less, and fiber diameters of, for example, more than 0.5 ⁇ m to 5.
- the porous membrane of Embodiment 2 is composed of fine fibers formed by fibrillation with cellulose fibers having a fiber diameter of 0.5 ⁇ m or less and a fiber length of 50 ⁇ m or less, thereby providing a dense pore size distribution with a pore diameter of 0.05 ⁇ m or less. Can be formed.
- the hole diameter distribution with a hole diameter of 0.2 micrometer or less can be formed by being comprised from the fiber winged by fibrillation with a fiber diameter of 0.5 micrometer or more and 5.0 micrometers or less and fiber length of 50 micrometers or less.
- the fiber diameter and fiber length are measured by SEM observation.
- the fiber diameter and fiber length can be changed by changing beating or defibrating conditions.
- the positive electrode 2 preferably contains a positive electrode active material such as a lithium-containing composite oxide.
- a positive electrode active material such as a lithium-containing composite oxide.
- the lithium-containing composite oxide include lithium cobaltate, lithium cobaltate modifications, lithium nickelate, lithium nickelate modifications, lithium manganate, lithium manganate modifications, and the like.
- the modified body of lithium cobaltate includes, for example, nickel, aluminum, magnesium and the like.
- the modified nickel nickelate contains, for example, cobalt and manganese.
- the positive electrode 2 includes a positive electrode active material as an essential component, and includes a binder and a conductive material as optional components.
- a binder for example, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), a modified PVDF, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), modified acrylonitrile rubber particles, and the like are used.
- PVDF and rubber particles are desirably used in combination with, for example, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polyethylene oxide (PEO), or soluble modified acrylonitrile rubber having a thickening effect.
- CMC carboxymethyl cellulose
- PEO polyethylene oxide
- soluble modified acrylonitrile rubber having a thickening effect.
- conductive material for example, acetylene black, ketjen black, various graphites, and the like are used.
- the negative electrode 1 preferably includes a negative electrode active material such as a carbon material such as graphite, a silicon-containing material, or a tin-containing material.
- a negative electrode active material such as a carbon material such as graphite, a silicon-containing material, or a tin-containing material.
- graphite include natural graphite and artificial graphite.
- a lithium alloy containing metallic lithium, tin, aluminum, zinc, magnesium, or the like may be used.
- the negative electrode 1 includes a negative electrode active material as an essential component, and includes a binder and a conductive material as optional components.
- a binder for example, PVDF, a modified PVDF, a styrene-butadiene copolymer (SBR), a modified SBR, or the like is used.
- SBR and modified products thereof are particularly preferable from the viewpoint of chemical stability. SBR and its modified products are preferably used in combination with CMC having a thickening effect.
- non-aqueous electrolyte it is preferable to use a non-aqueous solvent in which a lithium salt is dissolved.
- a non-aqueous solvent for example, ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) and the like can be used. These are preferably used in combination of plural kinds.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery 30 in FIG. 1 is a cylindrical battery including a wound electrode group, but the battery shape is not particularly limited.
- the battery is a square battery, a flat battery, or a coin battery.
- a laminated film pack battery or the like may be used.
- Example 1 [Production of positive electrode] They were mixed so that lithium cobaltate as a positive electrode active material was 95% by mass, acetylene black as a conductive agent was 2.5% by mass, and polyvinylidene fluoride as a binder was 2.5% by mass, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone was added to the mixture to make a slurry. Thereafter, the slurry was applied onto an aluminum foil current collector, which was a positive electrode current collector, and vacuum dried at 110 ° C. to produce a positive electrode.
- a metal lithium foil having a thickness of 300 ⁇ m was used as the negative electrode.
- non-aqueous electrolyte 4-Fluoroethylene carbonate (hereinafter referred to as FEC) as the fluorinated cyclic carbonate and methyl trifluoropropionate (hereinafter referred to as FMP) as the fluorinated chain ester in a volume ratio of 25:75. So that a non-aqueous solvent was obtained.
- a nonaqueous electrolyte was prepared by dissolving lithium hexafluorophosphate (hereinafter referred to as LiPF 6 ) as an electrolyte salt in the nonaqueous solvent so as to have a concentration of 1.0 mol / l.
- LiPF 6 lithium hexafluorophosphate
- the pores having a pore diameter range of more than 0.01 ⁇ m to 0.03 ⁇ m or less are 20% of the total pore volume, and the maximum pore size of the porous membrane is 0.03 ⁇ m. Met.
- the film thickness of the porous film was 30 ⁇ m.
- test cell A1 which is a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery having a rated capacity of 3 mAh was produced.
- Example 2 A porous membrane 2 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 100 parts by mass of cellulose fiber A and 30 parts by mass of ethylene glycol were added. In the pore size distribution of the porous membrane 2 measured with a palm porometer, the pores having a pore size range of more than 0.01 ⁇ m to 0.03 ⁇ m or less are 15% of the total pore volume, and the maximum pore size of the porous membrane is 0.04 ⁇ m. Met. The film thickness of the porous film was 30 ⁇ m. A test cell was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the separator 2 was used. This was designated as test cell A2.
- Example 3 Except that 100 parts by mass of cellulose fiber A and 50 parts by mass of ethylene glycol were added, porous membrane 3 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, and this was used as separator 3. In the pore size distribution of the porous membrane 3 measured with a palm porometer, the pores having a pore size range of more than 0.01 ⁇ m to 0.03 ⁇ m or less are 10% of the total pore volume, and the maximum pore size of the porous membrane is 0.05 ⁇ m. Met. The film thickness of the porous film was 30 ⁇ m. And the test cell was produced similarly to Example 1 except having used the separator 3. FIG. This was designated as test cell A3.
- Example 4 A porous film 4 having a thickness of 5 ⁇ m was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, and this was used as a separator 4.
- pores having a pore size range of more than 0.01 ⁇ m to 0.03 ⁇ m or less are 20% of the total pore volume, and the maximum pore size of the porous membrane is 0. 0.03 ⁇ m.
- the test cell was produced similarly to Example 1 except having used the separator 4. FIG. This was designated as test cell A4.
- Example 5 A porous membrane 5 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that cellulose fiber B having a fiber diameter of 0.5 ⁇ m or less and a fiber length of 50 ⁇ m or less was used, and this was used as a separator 5.
- the pores having a pore size range of more than 0.01 ⁇ m to 0.03 ⁇ m or less are 10% of the total pore volume, and the maximum pore size of the porous membrane is 0.05 ⁇ m. Met.
- the film thickness of the porous film was 30 ⁇ m.
- the test cell was produced similarly to Example 1 except having used the separator 5. FIG. This was designated as test cell A5.
- Example 1 A porous film 6 having a film thickness of 30 ⁇ m was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the fiber was cellulose fiber C having a fiber diameter of 2 ⁇ m.
- the range of the pore size from more than 0.01 ⁇ m to 0.03 ⁇ m was 0% of the total pore volume, and the maximum pore size of the porous membrane was 0.4 ⁇ m.
- the test cell was produced similarly to Example 1 except having used the separator 6. FIG. This was designated as test cell A6.
- Table 1 summarizes the maximum pore diameters of the porous membranes in Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Example 1, and the ratio of pores having a pore diameter ranging from over 0.01 ⁇ m to 0.03 ⁇ m.
- test cell A6 of Comparative Example 1 As a result of repeating the above charging / discharging cycle, in test cell A6 of Comparative Example 1, a voltage drop due to an internal short circuit was observed during charging in the first cycle, but in test cells A1 to A5 of Examples 1 to 5, Even after 10 cycles, no capacity reduction due to internal short circuit was observed.
- test cells A1 to A5 of Examples 1 to 5 after 10 cycles were disassembled lithium dendrites were confirmed from the negative electrode, but none of them penetrated the separator and no internal short circuit occurred. .
- the test cell A6 of Comparative Example 1 at the time of charging in the first cycle was disassembled, the lithium dendrite penetrated the separator and an internal short circuit occurred.
- the internal pores caused by lithium dendrite can be used more than when using a separator having a porous film having a maximum pore diameter of 0.4 ⁇ m or more.
- the occurrence of short circuit was suppressed.
- Example 6 [Production of positive electrode] They were mixed so that lithium cobaltate as a positive electrode active material was 95% by mass, acetylene black as a conductive agent was 2.5% by mass, and polyvinylidene fluoride as a binder was 2.5% by mass, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone was added to the mixture to make a slurry. Thereafter, the slurry was applied onto an aluminum foil current collector, which was a positive electrode current collector, and dried to produce a positive electrode.
- non-aqueous electrolyte 4-Fluoroethylene carbonate (hereinafter referred to as FEC) as the fluorinated cyclic carbonate and methyl trifluoropropionate (hereinafter referred to as FMP) as the fluorinated chain ester in a volume ratio of 25:75. So that a non-aqueous solvent was obtained.
- a nonaqueous electrolyte was prepared by dissolving lithium hexafluorophosphate (hereinafter referred to as LiPF 6 ) as an electrolyte salt in the nonaqueous solvent so as to have a concentration of 1.0 mol / l.
- LiPF 6 lithium hexafluorophosphate
- Cellulose fiber D70 mass part with fiber diameter 0.5 ⁇ m or less and fiber length 50 ⁇ m or less, cellulose fiber E 30 mass part with fiber diameter 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 5 ⁇ m or less, fiber length 50 ⁇ m or less are dispersed in 100 mass parts water, 5 parts by mass of a glycol solution was added to prepare an aqueous dispersion. The aqueous dispersion was applied to a glass substrate and dried, and then the film formed on the glass substrate was peeled off to obtain a porous film 7. The porous film 7 was used as a separator 7.
- the pores having a pore size range of 0.05 ⁇ m or less were 60% of the total pore volume, and the maximum pore size of the porous membrane 7 was 0.2 ⁇ m.
- the film thickness of the porous membrane 7 was 15 ⁇ m.
- test cell A7 which is a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery with a rated capacity of 1000 mAh, was produced.
- Example 7 A porous film 8 was produced in the same manner as in Example 6 except that the cellulose fiber D was 80 parts by mass and the cellulose fiber E was 20 parts by mass. In the pore size distribution of the porous membrane 8 measured by the palm porometer, the pores having a pore size range of 0.05 ⁇ m or less were 80% of the total pore volume, and the maximum pore size of the porous membrane 8 was 0.1 ⁇ m. The film thickness of the porous film 8 was 20 ⁇ m. A test cell was prepared in the same manner as in Example 6 except that the separator 8 was used. This was designated as test cell A8.
- Example 8 A porous membrane 9 was produced in the same manner as in Example 6 by using 70 parts by mass of cellulose fiber D and 30 parts by mass of cellulose fiber E, and this was used as separator 9.
- the pores having a pore size range of 0.05 ⁇ m or less were 60% of the total pore volume, and the maximum pore size of the porous membrane 9 was 0.2 ⁇ m.
- the film thickness of the porous film 9 was 5 ⁇ m.
- a test cell was prepared in the same manner as in Example 6 except that the separator 9 was used. This was designated as test cell A9.
- Example 9 A porous membrane 10 was produced in the same manner as in Example 6 except that the cellulose fiber D was 50 parts by mass and the cellulose fiber E was 50 parts by mass. In the pore size distribution of the porous membrane 10 measured with a palm porometer, the pores having a pore size range of 0.05 ⁇ m or less were 50% of the total pore volume, and the maximum pore size of the porous membrane 10 was 0.1 ⁇ m. The film thickness of the porous film 10 was 30 ⁇ m. A test cell was prepared in the same manner as in Example 6 except that the separator 10 was used. This was designated as test cell A10.
- Example 10 A porous membrane 11 was produced in the same manner as in Example 6 except that the cellulose fiber D was 80 parts by mass and the cellulose fiber E was 20 parts by mass. In the pore size distribution of the porous membrane 11 measured by the palm porometer, the pores having a pore size range of 0.05 ⁇ m or less were 80% of the total pore volume, and the maximum pore size of the porous membrane 11 was 0.15 ⁇ m. The film thickness of the porous film 11 was 5 ⁇ m. A test cell was prepared in the same manner as in Example 6 except that the separator 11 was used. This was designated as test cell A11.
- a porous membrane 12 was produced in the same manner as in Example 6 except that the cellulose fiber D was 30 parts by mass and the cellulose fiber E was 70 parts by mass.
- the pores having a pore size range of 0.05 ⁇ m or less were 40% of the total pore volume, and the maximum pore size of the porous membrane 12 was 0.2 ⁇ m.
- the film thickness of the porous membrane 12 was 25 ⁇ m.
- a test cell was prepared in the same manner as in Example 6 except that the separator 12 was used. This was designated as test cell A12.
- a porous membrane 13 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 6 except that the cellulose fiber D was 40 parts by mass and the cellulose fiber E was 60 parts by mass.
- the pores having a pore size range of 0.05 ⁇ m or less were 60% of the total pore volume, and the maximum pore size of the porous membrane 13 was 0.3 ⁇ m.
- the film thickness of the porous film 13 was 25 ⁇ m.
- a test cell was prepared in the same manner as in Example 6 except that the separator 13 was used. This was designated as test cell A13.
- Table 2 summarizes the ratio and film thickness of the pores having the maximum pore diameter and the pore diameter of 0.05 ⁇ m or less in Examples 6 to 11 and Comparative Example 2.
- test cells A7 to A13 were charged with a constant current of 2000 mA until the battery voltage reached 4.2 V, and further charged with a constant voltage of 4.2 V until the current value reached 100 mA, and then a constant current of 1000 mA. A charge / discharge cycle in which the battery was discharged with current until the battery voltage reached 3 V was repeated.
- Table 3 summarizes the results of battery capacity, internal short circuit, and input / output in Examples 6 to 11 and Comparative Example 2.
- test cell A12 of Example 11 Since the number of cycles until the occurrence is increased, it can be said that the test cell A12 of Example 11 is more suppressed from the occurrence of the internal short circuit than the test cell A13 of Comparative Example 2.
- test cell A12 of Example 11 and test cell A13 of Comparative Example 2 were disassembled, lithium dendrite penetrated the separator.
- the internal short circuit did not occur even after 500 cycles of charge / discharge, and the ratio of the battery capacity at the 500th cycle to the battery capacity at the 3rd cycle (input / output) Is maintained at 70% or more, and it can be said that the decrease in input / output is suppressed.
- a separator having a porous membrane in which the maximum pore size of the porous membrane is 0.3 ⁇ m or more, or the pores having a pore size range of 0.05 ⁇ m or less in the pore size distribution of the porous membrane is less than 50% of the total pore volume is used.
- the occurrence of internal short circuit due to lithium dendrite was suppressed, and the decrease in input / output was suppressed.
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Abstract
Description
を原料とした非水電解質二次電池用セパレータにおいてもいまだ十分ではない。
内に収容されている。正極2には正極リード8の一端が接続され、封口板5に設けられた正極端子10には正極リード8の他端が接続されている。負極1には負極リード9の一端が接続され、電池ケース4の内底には負極リード9の他端が接続されている。リードと部材との接続は溶接等により行われる。電池ケース4の開口端部は、封口板5にかしめ付けられ、電池ケース4が封口されている。
図2は、本実施形態に係る非水電解質二次電池用セパレータの構成の一例を示す模式断面図である。実施形態1のセパレータ3は、正極2と負極1との間に介在し、正極2と負極1との短絡を防止しつつ、Liイオンを透過する機能を有する。実施形態1のセパレータ3は、セルロース繊維を主成分とする多孔膜から構成される。実施形態1のセパレータ3は、セルロース繊維を主成分とする多孔膜のみから構成されるものに限定されず、例えば、該多孔膜上、もしくは多孔膜中に酸化鉄、SiO2(シリカ)、Al2O3(アルミナ)、TiO2等の耐熱性微粒子を主成分とする多孔層等が形成されていてもよい。
る。また、孔径0.01μm以下の範囲を有する孔の割合を上記範囲としても、Liイオンが通る経路41となる孔は確保されるため、著しい電池性能の低下は抑制される。多孔膜の製造における歩留まり等を考慮すれば、孔径0.01μm以下の範囲を有する孔は全孔容積の50%以上80%以下の範囲であることがより好ましい。
実施形態2のセパレータ3は、実施形態1のセパレータと同様に、セルロース繊維を主成分とする多孔膜から構成される。そして、図2に示すように、実施形態2の多孔膜には、非水電解質二次電池30の充放電の際に、Liイオンが通過する経路41となる孔が複数形成されている。また、実施形態2では、多孔膜の最大孔径は0.2μm以下の範囲であり、多孔膜の孔径分布において、孔径0.05μm以下の範囲を有する孔が、全孔容積の50%以上を占めている。
[正極の作製]
正極活物質としてのコバルト酸リチウムが95質量%、導電剤としてのアセチレンブラックが2.5質量%、結着剤としてのポリフッ化ビニリデンが2.5質量%となるようにそれらを混合し、該混合物にN-メチル-2-ピロリドンを添加してスラリー化した。その後、正極集電体であるアルミニウム箔集電体上に当該スラリーを塗布し、110℃で真空乾燥して正極を作製した。
負極として、厚み300μmの金属リチウム箔を用いた。
フッ素化環状炭酸エステルとして4-フルオロエチレンカーボネート(以下、FECとする)と、フッ素化鎖状エステルとしてトリフルオロプロピオン酸メチル(以下、FMPとする)とを体積比で25:75の割合になるように混合して非水溶媒を得た。当該非水溶媒に、電解質塩として六フッ化リン酸リチウム(以下、LiPF6とする)を1.0mol/lの濃度になるように溶解させて非水電解質を作製した。
繊維径0.1μm以下、繊維長50μm以下のセルロース繊維A100質量部を100質量部の水に分散させ、次いで、エチレングリコールを5質量部添加し、水系分散液を調整した。該水系分散液をガラス基板に塗工し、110℃で乾燥させた後、ガラス基板上に形成された膜を剥がして、多孔膜1を得た。該多孔膜1をセパレータ1とした。パームポロメーターで測定される多孔膜1の孔径分布において、孔径0.01μm超から0.03μm以下の範囲を有する孔は、全孔容積の20%であり、多孔膜の最大孔径は0.03μmであった。また、多孔膜の膜厚は30μmであった。
セルロース繊維Aを100質量部、エチレングリコールを30質量部添加したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして多孔膜2を作製し、これをセパレータ2とした。パームポロメーターで測定される多孔膜2の孔径分布において、孔径0.01μm超から0.03μm以下の範囲を有する孔は、全孔容積の15%であり、多孔膜の最大孔径は0.04μmであった。また、多孔膜の膜厚は30μmであった。そして、セパレータ2を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様に試験セルを作製した。これを試験セルA2とした。
セルロース繊維Aを100質量部、エチレングリコールを50質量部添加したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして多孔膜3を作製し、これをセパレータ3とした。パームポロメーターで測定される多孔膜3の孔径分布において、孔径0.01μm超から0.03μm以下の範囲を有する孔は、全孔容積の10%であり、多孔膜の最大孔径は0.05μmであった。また、多孔膜の膜厚は30μmであった。そして、セパレータ3を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様に試験セルを作製した。これを試験セルA3とした。
実施例1と同様にして膜厚は5μmの多孔膜4を作製し、これをセパレータ4とした。パームポロメーターで測定される多孔膜4の孔径分布において、孔径0.01μm超から0.03μm以下の範囲の範囲を有する孔は、全孔容積の20%であり、多孔膜の最大孔径は0.03μmであった。そして、セパレータ4を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様に試験セルを作製した。これを試験セルA4とした。
繊維径0.5μm以下、繊維長50μm以下のセルロース繊維Bを用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして多孔膜5を作製し、これをセパレータ5とした。パームポロメーターで測定される多孔膜5の孔径分布において、孔径0.01μm超から0.03μm以下の範囲を有する孔は、全孔容積の10%であり、多孔膜の最大孔径は0.05μmであった。また、多孔膜の膜厚は30μmであった。そして、セパレータ5を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様に試験セルを作製した。これを試験セルA5とした。
繊維を繊維径2μmのセルロース繊維Cとしたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして膜厚は30μmの多孔膜6を作製し、これをセパレータ6とした。パームポロメーターで測定される多孔膜6の孔径分布において、孔径0.01μm超から0.03μm以下の範囲は、全孔容積の0%であり、多孔膜の最大孔径は0.4μmであった。そして、セパレータ6を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様に試験セルを作製した。これを試験セルA6とした。
作製した試験セルA1~A6を、1.5mAの定電流で、電池電圧が4.4Vに達するまで充電し、さらに、4.4Vの定電圧で電流値が0.01mAになるまで充電した後、1.5mAの定電流で、電池電圧が2.5Vに達するまで放電する充放電サイクルを繰り返し行った。
[正極の作製]
正極活物質としてのコバルト酸リチウムが95質量%、導電剤としてのアセチレンブラックが2.5質量%、結着剤としてのポリフッ化ビニリデンが2.5質量%となるようにそれらを混合し、該混合物にN-メチル-2-ピロリドンを添加してスラリー化した。その後、正極集電体であるアルミニウム箔集電体上に当該スラリーを塗布し、乾燥して正極を作製した。
負極活物質としての人造黒鉛が98質量%、増粘剤としてのカルボキシメチルセルロースのナトリウム塩が1質量%、結着剤としてのスチレン-ブタジエン共重合体が1質量%となるようにそれらを混合し、該混合物に水を添加してスラリー化した。その後、負極集電体である銅箔集電体上に当該スラリーを塗布し、乾燥して負極を作製した。
フッ素化環状炭酸エステルとして4-フルオロエチレンカーボネート(以下、FECとする)と、フッ素化鎖状エステルとしてトリフルオロプロピオン酸メチル(以下、FMPとする)とを体積比で25:75の割合になるように混合して非水溶媒を得た。当該非水溶媒に、電解質塩として六フッ化リン酸リチウム(以下、LiPF6とする)を1.0mol/lの濃度になるように溶解させて非水電解質を作製した。
繊維径0.5μm以下、繊維長50μm以下のセルロース繊維D70質量部、繊維径0.5μm以上5μm以下、繊維長50μm以下のセルロース繊維E30質量部を100質量部の水に分散させ、次いで、エチレングリコール溶液を5質量部添加し、水系分散液を調整した。該水系分散液をガラス基板に塗工し、乾燥させた後、ガラス基板上に形成された膜を剥がして、多孔膜7を得た。該多孔膜7をセパレータ7とした。パームポロメーターで測定される多孔膜7の孔径分布において、孔径0.05μm以下の範囲を有する孔は、全孔容積の60%であり、多孔膜7の最大孔径は0.2μmであった。また、多孔膜7の膜厚は15μmであった。
セルロース繊維Dを80質量部、セルロース繊維Eを20質量部としたこと以外は、実施例6と同様にして多孔膜8を作製し、これをセパレータ8とした。パームポロメーターで測定される多孔膜8の孔径分布において、孔径0.05μm以下の範囲を有する孔は、全孔容積の80%であり、多孔膜8の最大孔径は0.1μmであった。また、多孔膜8の膜厚は20μmであった。そして、セパレータ8を用いたこと以外は実施例6と同様に試験セルを作製した。これを試験セルA8とした。
セルロース繊維Dを70質量部、セルロース繊維Eを30質量部として実施例6と同様にして多孔膜9を作製し、これをセパレータ9とした。パームポロメーターで測定される多孔膜9の孔径分布において、孔径0.05μm以下の範囲を有する孔は、全孔容積の60%であり、多孔膜9の最大孔径は0.2μmであった。また、多孔膜9の膜厚は5μmであった。そして、セパレータ9を用いたこと以外は実施例6と同様に試験セルを作製した。これを試験セルA9とした。
セルロース繊維Dを50質量部、セルロース繊維Eを50質量部としたこと以外は、実施例6と同様にして多孔膜10を作製し、これをセパレータ10とした。パームポロメーターで測定される多孔膜10の孔径分布において、孔径0.05μm以下の範囲を有する孔は、全孔容積の50%であり、多孔膜10の最大孔径は0.1μmであった。また、多孔膜10の膜厚は30μmであった。そして、セパレータ10を用いたこと以外は実施例6と同様に試験セルを作製した。これを試験セルA10とした。
セルロース繊維Dを80質量部、セルロース繊維Eを20質量部としたこと以外は、実施例6と同様にして多孔膜11を作製し、これをセパレータ11とした。パームポロメーターで測定される多孔膜11の孔径分布において、孔径0.05μm以下の範囲を有する孔は、全孔容積の80%であり、多孔膜11の最大孔径は0.15μmであった。また、多孔膜11の膜厚は5μmであった。そして、セパレータ11を用いたこと以外は実施例6と同様に試験セルを作製した。これを試験セルA11とした。
セルロース繊維Dを30質量部、セルロース繊維Eを70質量部としたこと以外は、実施例6と同様にして多孔膜12を作製し、これをセパレータ12とした。パームポロメーターで測定される多孔膜12の孔径分布において、孔径0.05μm以下の範囲を有する孔は、全孔容積の40%であり、多孔膜12の最大孔径は0.2μmであった。また、多孔膜12の膜厚は25μmであった。そして、セパレータ12を用いたこと以外は実施例6と同様に試験セルを作製した。これを試験セルA12とした。
セルロース繊維Dを40質量部、セルロース繊維Eを60質量部としたこと以外は、実施例6と同様にして多孔膜13を作製し、これをセパレータ13とした。パームポロメーターで測定される多孔膜13の孔径分布において、孔径0.05μm以下の範囲を有する孔は、全孔容積の60%であり、多孔膜13の最大孔径は0.3μmであった。また、多孔膜13の膜厚は25μmであった。そして、セパレータ13を用いたこと以外は実施例6と同様に試験セルを作製した。これを試験セルA13とした。
作製した試験セルA7~A13を、200mAの定電流で、電池電圧が4.2Vに達するまで充電し、さらに、4.2Vの定電圧で電流値が50mAになるまで充電した後、200mAの定電流で、電池電圧が3Vに達するまで放電する充放電サイクルを繰り返し行った。そして、3回目の放電容量を電池容量とした。
作製した試験セルA7~A13を、2000mAの定電流で、電池電圧が4.2Vに達するまで充電し、さらに、4.2Vの定電圧で電流値が100mAになるまで充電した後、1000mAの定電流で、電池電圧が3Vに達するまで放電する充放電サイクルを繰り返し行った。
Claims (13)
- セルロース繊維を主成分とする多孔膜を有する非水電解質二次電池用セパレータであって、
前記多孔膜の最大孔径が0.2μm以下であることを特徴とする非水電解質二次電池用セパレータ。 - 前記多孔膜の最大孔径が0.05μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池用セパレータ。
- 前記多孔膜の最大孔径が0.03μm以下の範囲であることを特徴とする請求項2記載の非水電解質二次電池用セパレータ。
- 前記多孔膜の孔径分布において、孔径0.01μm超から0.03μm以下の範囲を有する孔が、全孔容積の10%以上から50%以下を占めることを特徴とする請求項2記載の非水電解質二次電池用セパレータ。
- 前記多孔膜の厚さが5μm以上30μm以下の範囲であることを特徴とする請求項2記載の非水電解質二次電池用セパレータ。
- 前記多孔膜を形成する前記セルロースの繊維径が前記多孔膜の厚みの10分の1以下であることを特徴とする請求項2記載の非水電解質二次電池用セパレータ。
- 前記多孔膜を形成する前記セルロースの平均繊維径が0.5μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項2記載の非水電解質二次電池用セパレータ。
- 正極と、負極と、正極と負極との間に介在する請求項2記載の非水電解質二次電池用セパレータと、非水電解質と、を備えることを特徴とする非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記多孔膜の最大孔径が0.2μm以下であり、
前記多孔膜の孔径分布において、孔径0.05μm以下の範囲を有する孔が、全孔容積の50%以上を占めることを特徴とする請求項1記載の非水電解質二次電池用セパレータ。 - 前記多孔膜の厚さが5μm以上30μm以下の範囲であることを特徴とする請求項9記載の非水電解質二次電池用セパレータ。
- 前記多孔膜の最大孔径が0.1μm以上0.2μm以下であり、
前記多孔膜の孔径分布において、孔径0.05μm以下の範囲を有する孔が、全孔容積の50%以上から80%以下を占めることを特徴とする請求項9記載の非水電解質二次電池用セパレータ。 - 前記セルロース繊維において、繊維径が5μm以下、繊維長が50μm以下のセルロース繊維の含有率が、前記セルロース繊維の全量に対して50%以上80%以下の範囲であることを特徴とする請求項9記載の非水電解質二次電池用セパレータ。
- 正極と、負極と、正極と負極との間に介在する請求項9記載の非水電解質二次電池用セパレータと、非水電解質と、を備えることを特徴とする非水電解質二次電池。
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CN201480002247.5A CN104603982B (zh) | 2013-01-31 | 2014-01-31 | 非水电解质二次电池用分隔件和非水电解质二次电池 |
US14/423,575 US20150221918A1 (en) | 2013-01-31 | 2014-01-31 | Separator for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery and non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
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JP6338759B1 (ja) * | 2017-11-21 | 2018-06-06 | ニッポン高度紙工業株式会社 | 電気化学素子用セパレータ及び電気化学素子 |
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JPH10223196A (ja) * | 1997-01-31 | 1998-08-21 | Nippon Koudoshi Kogyo Kk | 非水系電池 |
JP2006049797A (ja) * | 2004-07-06 | 2006-02-16 | Asahi Kasei Corp | 蓄電デバイス用セパレータ |
WO2008139619A1 (ja) * | 2007-05-14 | 2008-11-20 | Asahi Kasei Fibers Corporation | 蓄電デバイス用セパレーター及び蓄電デバイス |
WO2013054879A1 (ja) * | 2011-10-13 | 2013-04-18 | 特種東海製紙株式会社 | 微多孔膜及びその製造方法 |
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GB2320261B (en) * | 1996-11-11 | 2000-10-25 | Nippon Kodoshi Corp | Method of manufacturing highly-airtight porous paper, highly airtight porous paper manufactured by the method, and non-aqueous battery using the paper |
US8383529B2 (en) * | 2004-07-01 | 2013-02-26 | Asahi Kasei Kabushiki Kaisha | Cellulose nonwoven fabric |
JP4777487B1 (ja) * | 2008-08-11 | 2011-09-21 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | アルミニウム合金線の製造方法 |
JP2014139903A (ja) * | 2013-01-21 | 2014-07-31 | Daicel Corp | 蓄電素子用積層体の製造方法及びリチウムイオン電池 |
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JPH10223196A (ja) * | 1997-01-31 | 1998-08-21 | Nippon Koudoshi Kogyo Kk | 非水系電池 |
JP2006049797A (ja) * | 2004-07-06 | 2006-02-16 | Asahi Kasei Corp | 蓄電デバイス用セパレータ |
WO2008139619A1 (ja) * | 2007-05-14 | 2008-11-20 | Asahi Kasei Fibers Corporation | 蓄電デバイス用セパレーター及び蓄電デバイス |
WO2013054879A1 (ja) * | 2011-10-13 | 2013-04-18 | 特種東海製紙株式会社 | 微多孔膜及びその製造方法 |
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JP6169624B2 (ja) | 2017-07-26 |
JPWO2014119332A1 (ja) | 2017-01-26 |
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