WO2014112417A1 - 冷凍機油および冷凍機用作動流体組成物 - Google Patents
冷凍機油および冷凍機用作動流体組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014112417A1 WO2014112417A1 PCT/JP2014/050152 JP2014050152W WO2014112417A1 WO 2014112417 A1 WO2014112417 A1 WO 2014112417A1 JP 2014050152 W JP2014050152 W JP 2014050152W WO 2014112417 A1 WO2014112417 A1 WO 2014112417A1
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- Prior art keywords
- refrigerating machine
- machine oil
- refrigerant
- oil
- mass
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- LUFPJJNWMYZRQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(c1ccccc1)SCc1ccccc1 Chemical compound C(c1ccccc1)SCc1ccccc1 LUFPJJNWMYZRQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B31/00—Compressor arrangements
- F25B31/002—Lubrication
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a refrigerating machine oil used for a refrigerating machine and a working fluid composition for the refrigerating machine.
- the “refrigerator” in the present invention includes an automobile air conditioner, a dehumidifier, a refrigerator, a refrigerator / freezer warehouse, a vending machine, a showcase, a cooling device in a chemical plant, a residential air conditioner, a packaged air conditioner, a hot water supply. Heat pumps and the like are included.
- R134a hydrofluorocarbon (HFC), difluoromethane (R32) and pentafluoro
- HFC hydrofluorocarbon
- R32 difluoromethane
- pentafluoro as refrigerants for refrigerators, car air conditioners, room air conditioners, industrial refrigerators, etc.
- R410A which is a mixed refrigerant whose mass ratio of ethane (R125) is 1/1
- ODP ozone depletion potential
- GWP global warming potential
- HFO-1234yf 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene
- R32 difluoromethane
- these refrigerants and mixed refrigerants with other refrigerants those that balance GWP and various characteristics have been studied.
- HFC refrigerant low GWP is essential, and HFO-1234yf has a low GWP of 4.
- the GWP of R32 is slightly higher as 675, it is being considered as a promising candidate because it has a high gas pressure and is a highly efficient refrigerant.
- hydrocarbon refrigerants such as isobutane (R600a) and propane (R290) that have already been put to practical use for refrigerators have a low GWP of 20 or less and are suitable for physical properties.
- Patent Document 1 uses a lubricating oil including a refrigerating machine in which a phosphorus-based additive and a specific epoxy compound are added together
- Patent Document 2 uses triphenyl phosphate and tri (alkylphenyl) phosphate together for HFC refrigerant.
- Patent Document 3 proposes a refrigerating machine oil to which tricresyl phosphate and an epoxy or carbodiimide composed of glycidyl ether are added for an HFC refrigerant.
- the oily agent is a lubricating film by adsorption, so the friction coefficient can be kept low when the load condition is relatively mild such as in the mixed lubrication region, but when the load condition becomes severe, the wear resistance is reduced. The effect is lost.
- triphenyl phosphate and tricresyl phosphate have a certain degree of wear resistance, they are insufficient in wear resistance in the presence of low GWP refrigerants with severe lubrication conditions.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and provides a refrigerating machine oil and a working fluid composition for a refrigerating machine that have a large wear resistance effect even under severe lubricating conditions in the presence of a refrigerant and are excellent in long-term reliability. For the purpose.
- the inventors of the present invention have developed a refrigerating machine oil composed of a base compound containing a sulfide compound and a gallic acid ester, and a refrigerant working fluid composed of a refrigerant, which significantly improves the wear resistance of the refrigerating machine oil without adversely affecting other characteristics.
- the present invention has been completed by finding out what can be done.
- the present invention provides a refrigerating machine oil and a working fluid composition for a refrigerating machine as described in the following [1] to [9].
- a base oil, a sulfide compound, and a gallic acid ester, wherein the content of the sulfide compound is 0.01 to 2.0% by mass based on the total amount of refrigerating machine oil, and the gallic acid ester A refrigerating machine oil having a content of 10 to 500 ppm by mass and a kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. of 3 to 500 mm 2 / s.
- the base oil is at least one selected from esters having a carbon / oxygen molar ratio of 2.5 to 5.8 and ethers having a carbon / oxygen molar ratio of 2.5 to 5.8,
- the base oil is etherified with a polyol ester synthesized from a fatty acid having 4 to 9 carbon atoms and a polyhydric alcohol having 4 to 12 carbon atoms, and hydroxyl groups at both ends of the polyalkylene glycol.
- a working fluid composition comprising a refrigerant having a global warming potential of 700 or less and the refrigerating machine oil according to any one of [1] to [6].
- the refrigerant contains at least one selected from hydrofluorocarbons, hydrofluoroolefins, carbon dioxide, and hydrocarbons having 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the refrigerating machine oil and working fluid composition of the present invention has a great effect of wear resistance even under lubricating conditions where coexistence with a refrigerant is severe, and exhibits an exceptional effect that it can be used stably over a long period of time.
- the refrigerating machine oil according to the embodiment of the present invention contains 0.01 to 2.0% by mass of a sulfide compound and 10 to 500 mass ppm of gallic acid ester based on the total amount of base oil and refrigerating machine oil, and has a kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. 3 to 500 mm 2 / s.
- the base oil can be at least one selected from mineral oil base oil and synthetic oil base oil. Two or more of these base oils may be mixed and used.
- Mineral oil base oils include paraffinic mineral oils, naphthenic mineral oils, and mixed base mineral oils. All of these oils are obtained by subjecting crude oil to atmospheric distillation and then vacuum distillation to remove the lubricating oil fraction.
- a refined lubricating oil fraction obtained by appropriately combining lubricating oil refining means such as extraction, hydrorefining, hydrocracking, solvent dewaxing, hydrodewaxing, clay treatment, etc. it can.
- the process for controlling the composition is solvent extraction, hydrorefining, and hydrocracking
- the process for controlling the low temperature characteristics such as pour point is solvent dewaxing and hydrodewaxing excluding wax
- the clay treatment is the main.
- the nitrogen content is removed to improve the stability of the base oil.
- Refined lubricating oil fractions having different properties obtained from a combination of various raw materials and various purification means may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Synthetic oil base oils include oxygen-containing compounds such as esters and ethers, and hydrocarbon oils such as poly- ⁇ -olefin (PAO), ethylene- ⁇ -olefin oligomers, alkylbenzene, and alkylnaphthalene. .
- PAO poly- ⁇ -olefin
- ethylene- ⁇ -olefin oligomers ethylene- ⁇ -olefin oligomers
- alkylbenzene alkylnaphthalene
- esters have compounds with various molecular structures, each having unique viscosity characteristics and low-temperature characteristics, and have a higher flash point than hydrocarbon base oils with the same viscosity.
- the ester can be obtained by dehydration condensation reaction of alcohol and fatty acid.
- Polyol) and a monovalent fatty acid, or a complex ester of a polyol, a polybasic acid, and a monohydric alcohol (or monohydric fatty acid) can be mentioned as a suitable base oil component.
- an ester having a carbon / oxygen molar ratio of 2.5 or more and 5.8 or less is preferable from the viewpoint of compatibility with a low polarity GWP refrigerant (R32 or the like) having a large polarity.
- linear fatty acid having 4 to 9 carbon atoms include butanoic acid, pentanoic acid, hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, octanoic acid and nonanoic acid.
- branched fatty acid include branched butanoic acid, branched pentanoic acid, branched hexanoic acid, branched heptanoic acid, branched octanoic acid, and branched nonanoic acid.
- fatty acids having a branch at the ⁇ -position and / or ⁇ -position are preferred, and 2-methylpropanoic acid, isobutanoic acid, 2-methylbutanoic acid, 2-methylpentanoic acid, 2-methylhexanoic acid, 2-ethyl Pentanoic acid, 2-methylheptanoic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid and the like are preferable. Among them, 2-methylpropanoic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid and / or 3,5,5-trimethyl are preferred. Hexanoic acid is most preferred. Note that fatty acids other than fatty acids having 4 to 9 carbon atoms may be included.
- the polyhydric alcohol is preferably a polyhydric alcohol having 2 to 6 hydroxyl groups.
- the polyhydric alcohol preferably has 4 to 12 carbon atoms.
- hindered alcohols such as neopentyl glycol, trimethylol ethane, trimethylol propane, trimethylol butane, di- (trimethylol propane), pentaerythritol, and di- (pentaerythritol) are preferable.
- Pentaerythritol or a mixed ester of pentaerythritol and di- (pentaerythritol) is most preferred because of its excellent compatibility with the refrigerant and hydrolysis stability.
- examples of the ether include polyalkylene glycol, a compound obtained by etherifying one end or both ends of polyalkylene glycol, and polyvinyl ether.
- examples of the polyalkylene glycol include polypropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, and a copolymer of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide.
- a compound in which a hydroxyl group at one end is etherified and the remaining ends are left as hydroxyl groups is generally used, but a compound in which both ends are etherified is preferably low hygroscopic, and the skeleton is more highly hygroscopic than oxyethylene.
- the alkyl group preferably has 1 to 4 carbon atoms because of compatibility with the refrigerant, and the smaller the carbon number, the better the compatibility. Considering compatibility, stability, electrical insulation, low hygroscopicity, etc., polypropylene glycol having both ends methylated is most preferable.
- a preferred polyvinyl ether used as the base oil has a structural unit represented by the following general formula (1).
- This polyvinyl ether may be a homopolymer having the same structural unit or a copolymer composed of two or more kinds of structural units. It is preferable because it can be adjusted well.
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 may be the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group
- R 4 represents a divalent hydrocarbon group or a divalent ether-bonded oxygen-containing hydrocarbon.
- R 5 represents a hydrocarbon group
- m represents an integer of 0 or more, and is preferably a number such that the average value of m is 0 to 10, and R 1 to R 5 are the same for each structural unit. If m is 2 or more in one structural unit, the plurality of R 4 Os may be the same or different.
- ethers are also more preferably ethers having a carbon / oxygen molar ratio of 2.5 or more and 5.8 or less, which is excellent in compatibility with a low GWP refrigerant, particularly a refrigerant containing R32.
- PAO is widely used and is a polymer of ⁇ -olefin, and its characteristics are determined by the degree of polymerization.
- Alkylbenzene is used in the field of lubricating oil for refrigerating machines, but there are linear and branched types depending on the structure of the alkyl group.
- these mineral oil-based and synthetic oil-based base oils can be appropriately combined and blended at an appropriate ratio so as to satisfy various performances required for each application.
- a plurality of mineral oil-based and synthetic oil-based base oils may be used.
- any of a monosulfide compound, a disulfide compound, a polysulfide compound and the like can be used, but a monosulfide compound is preferable.
- a monosulfide compound is preferable in terms of, for example, low activity compared to a disulfide compound, stability of refrigerating machine oil, suppression of deterioration of copper often used in refrigeration equipment, and the like.
- the sulfide compound examples include diphenyl sulfide, dibenzyl sulfide, didecyl sulfide, didodecyl sulfide, and thiobisphenol compound.
- the use of the present invention is generally known as an antioxidant and has a radical scavenging ability.
- a thiobisphenol compound which is also a stabilizer is preferred.
- As the thiobisphenol compound a compound represented by the following general formula (2) is preferably used.
- R 6 and R 7 may be the same or different and each represents a hydrocarbon group; p, q, r and s may be the same or different, and the sum of p + q and r + s is 0 to 5 represents an integer of 0 to 5 which is 5. However, at least one of q and s is 1 or more, and t and u may be the same or different and each represents an integer of 0 to 10. )
- R 6 and R 7 may be the same or different and each represents a hydrocarbon group, and p, q, r and s may be the same or different, and the sum of p + q and r + s respectively.
- at least one of q or s is 1 or more, and the one in which both are 1 is most preferable.
- T and u may be the same or different and each represents an integer of 0 to 10.
- t and u are preferably 0 to 4, more preferably 0 or 1, and most preferably 0.
- Preferred hydrocarbon groups are alkyl groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl groups, alkenyl groups, and phenyl groups.
- methyl groups, ethyl groups, n- Examples thereof include a propyl group, an i-propyl group, an n-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, and a tert-butyl group.
- Preferable examples of the compound represented by the general formula (2) are specifically 4,4′-thiobis (3-methyl-6-tertiarybutylphenol), 4,4′-thiobis (2,6- Ditertiary butylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis (2-methyl-6-tertiarybutylphenol), 2,2'-thiobis (4-methyl-6-tertiarybutylphenol), 2,2'-thiobis (4 6-di-tertiary butylphenol), bis (3,5-di-tertiary butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) sulfide, and the like.
- the content ratio of the sulfide compound is 0.01 to 2% by mass, preferably 0.05 to 1% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 0.5% by mass, based on the total amount of refrigerating machine oil. .
- the effect of improving wear resistance is high, and there is no fear of causing corrosive wear depending on the atmosphere, which is preferable.
- gallic acid is an aromatic carboxylic acid having three hydroxyl groups bonded to an aromatic ring, also known as 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid. And the ester which gallic acid and alcohol reacted is gallic acid ester.
- examples of gallic acid esters include methyl gallate, ethyl gallate, propyl gallate, isoamyl gallate, octyl gallate, and dodecyl gallate, and some are used as food additives.
- a compound having an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms is preferable, and if the alkyl group has more than 18 carbon atoms, the effect of wear resistance decreases. Esters with alcohols having 1 to 8 carbon atoms are more preferred, with ethyl gallate and propyl gallate being most preferred.
- the content ratio of the gallic acid ester is 10 to 500 ppm by mass, preferably 10 to 100 ppm by mass, based on the total amount of the refrigerating machine oil.
- the refrigerating machine oil can further contain a normal phosphate ester as an antiwear additive.
- Preferred compounds of the normal phosphate ester include triphenyl phosphate (TPP), tricresyl phosphate (TCP), alkylphenyl phosphate (APP) having an alkyl group having 3 to 4 carbon atoms, and the like.
- TPP and TCP are single structures, but APP is a mixture of one (mono-type), two (di-type), and three (tri-type) alkylphenyls. There is no particular limitation.
- the content of the normal phosphate ester is preferably 0.05 to 3% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 2% by mass, and still more preferably 0.2 to 1.5% by mass, based on the total amount of refrigerating machine oil. is there. By setting it as the above range, a sufficient effect of improving wear resistance can be obtained, and high stability can be obtained.
- the wear resistance of the working fluid is significantly improved by further blending pentaerythritol tetra (2-ethylhexanoate) with the refrigerating machine oil.
- Pentaerythritol tetra (2-ethylhexanoate) is an ester synthesized from pentaerythritol and 2-ethylhexanoic acid. These are preferably complete esters in which all the hydroxyl groups of pentaerythritol are esterified (also referred to as “full esters”).
- the acid value of these esters is preferably 0.1 mgKOH / g or less, and the hydroxyl value is preferably 10 mgKOH / g or less.
- the amount of the ester is 2 to 20% by mass based on the total amount of refrigerating machine oil, and the optimal amount varies depending on the type and viscosity of the base oil, but is preferably 2 to 7% by mass. Although the mechanism has not been clarified, the effect of significant improvement in wear resistance is not exhibited at most.
- antioxidants In the present embodiment, antioxidants, friction modifiers, antiwear agents, extreme pressure agents, rust inhibitors, which have been conventionally used in lubricating oils in refrigeration oils, as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired.
- additives such as a metal deactivator and an antifoaming agent can be contained in order to improve the performance.
- Antioxidants include phenolic compounds such as di-tertiary butyl-p-cresol, amine compounds such as alkyldiphenylamine, and friction modifiers include aliphatic amines, aliphatic amides, aliphatic imides, alcohols, Esters such as esters, acidic phosphate ester amine salts, phosphite ester amine salts, zinc dialkyldithiophosphates, extreme pressure agents such as sulfurized olefins and sulfurized fats and oils, and rust preventives such as alkenyl succinic acid esters Alternatively, partial esters, metal deactivators include benzotriazole and thiadiazole, and antifoaming agents include silicone compounds and polyester compounds.
- the kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. of the refrigerating machine oil is 3 to 500 mm 2 / s, preferably 3 to 300 mm 2 / s, more preferably 5 to 150 mm 2 / s. By setting it as the said range, sufficient abrasion resistance and compatibility with a refrigerant
- coolant can be improved.
- the viscosity index is preferably 10 or more.
- the pour point is preferably ⁇ 10 ° C. or lower, more preferably ⁇ 20 ° C. or lower.
- the flash point is preferably 120 ° C. or higher, more preferably 200 ° C. or higher.
- the acid value of the refrigerating machine oil is not particularly limited, but preferably 0.1 mgKOH / g or less in order to prevent corrosion of the metal used in the refrigerating machine or piping and to suppress deterioration of the refrigerating machine oil itself. More preferably, it can be 0.05 mgKOH / g or less.
- the acid value in the present invention means an acid value measured in accordance with JIS K2501 “Petroleum products and lubricating oils—neutralization test method”.
- the water content of the refrigerating machine oil is not particularly limited, but is preferably 200 ppm or less, more preferably 100 ppm or less, and most preferably 50 ppm or less.
- the moisture content is required to be low from the viewpoint of stability of the refrigerator oil and electrical insulation.
- hydrocarbon refrigerants such as hydrofluoroolefin (HFO), difluoromethane (R32), isobutane (R600a) and propane (R290), which are low GWP unsaturated hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide (R744), Mixed refrigerants containing them have been studied and are promising candidates.
- HFO hydrofluoroolefin
- R32 difluoromethane
- R600a isobutane
- propane R290
- R744 propane
- HFO-1234yf 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene
- HFO-1234ze 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene
- HFO-1225ye 1,2,3,3,3 -Pentafluoropropene
- the refrigerant in the present embodiment is not particularly limited, but a compatible refrigerant, that is, a compatible refrigerant without separating into two layers at room temperature is preferable. Further, from the viewpoint of environmental protection, those having a global warming potential (GWP) of 700 or less are preferable, and in particular, hydrofluorocarbon (HFC), hydrofluoroolefin (HFO), carbon dioxide (R744), carbon number 2 to 4 A refrigerant containing at least one selected from hydrocarbons is more preferred, and a refrigerant containing difluoromethane (R32) and / or 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf) is most preferred.
- HFC hydrofluorocarbon
- HFO hydrofluoroolefin
- R744 carbon number 2 to 4
- a refrigerant containing at least one selected from hydrocarbons is more preferred, and a refrigerant containing difluoromethane (R32) and / or
- the mixing ratio of the refrigerator oil / refrigerant is not particularly limited, but is usually 1 to 1000 parts by weight, preferably 2 to 800 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the refrigerant. Part.
- Example 1 to 12 Comparative Examples 1 to 10
- refrigeration oils having the compositions shown in Tables 1 to 3 were prepared using the following base oils and additives.
- the content ratios of the base oil and additives shown in Tables 1 to 3 are content ratios based on the total amount of refrigerating machine oil.
- A-1 Polyol ester (POE-1): ester of pentaerythritol, 2-methylpropanoic acid and 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid in a mixed ratio of 35:65 by mass ratio (kinematic viscosity 68. 1mm 2 / s @ 40 ° C, viscosity index 84, pour point -40 ° C, flash point 240 ° C)
- A-2) Polyol ester (POE-2): ester of pentaerythritol, 2-ethylhexanoic acid and 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid in a 50:50 mixed acid (mass viscosity 66.50).
- Polyvinyl ether (PVE): Copolymer of ethyl vinyl ether and isobutyl vinyl ether (ethyl vinyl ether: isobutyl vinyl ether in a weight ratio of 7: 1), (average molecular weight 910, kinematic viscosity 66.4 mm 2 / s @ 40 °C, viscosity index 85, pour point -35 °C, flash point 210 °C) (A-5)
- the lubricity test was conducted in accordance with ASTM D3233-73 and a wear test at a constant load using a Falex (pin / V block) tester.
- the Falex wear test was conducted for 5 minutes under a refrigerant blowing control atmosphere (70 ml / min) at an initial temperature of 50 ° C., a rotation speed of 290 rpm, and a load of 50 Lbf.
- the total amount (mg) of pin and V block wear after the test was measured. Note that R32, HFO-1234yf, and R600a (isobutane) were used as blowing refrigerants.
- the stability test was performed in accordance with JIS K2211-09 (autoclave test), 90 g of sample oil with a moisture content adjusted to 100 ppm was weighed into an autoclave, and the catalyst (iron, copper, aluminum wires, all with an outer diameter of 1 .6 mm ⁇ length 50 mm) and 10 g of each refrigerant (R32, HFO-1234yf, R600a) were sealed, heated to 175 ° C., and the appearance and acid value (JIS C2101) of the sample oil after 100 hours were measured. .
- the acid value of the sample oil (new oil) before the stability test was all 0.01 mg KOH / g.
- Examples 1 to 12 all have a small amount of wear and good wear resistance.
- the amount of wear in Examples 3 and 8 in which the regular phosphate ester (P-1) was further blended and in Example 4 in which the blended substrate (D-1) was blended was small.
- Comparative Examples 1 and 2 have a considerably large wear amount.
- the wear amount is reduced as compared with Comparative Examples 1 and 2, but the additive compounding amount is larger than in the Examples.
- the effect of wear resistance is far less than that of the examples.
- the working fluid composition for refrigeration and air conditioning of the present invention is a working fluid with excellent long-term reliability that can maintain the effect of wear resistance even under severe lubrication conditions, a compressor, a condenser, a throttle device, an evaporator, etc. It is a refrigeration / air-conditioning system with high cooling efficiency that circulates refrigerant between them, and can be suitably used particularly in systems having compressors such as rotary type, swing type, scroll type, etc., room air conditioners, packages It can be used in fields such as air conditioners, refrigerators, car air conditioners, and industrial refrigerators.
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Abstract
Description
[1]基油と、スルフィド化合物と、没食子酸エステルと、を含有し、冷凍機油全量を基準として、前記スルフィド化合物の含有量が0.01~2.0質量%であり、前記没食子酸エステルの含有量が10~500質量ppmであり、40℃における動粘度が3~500mm2/sである冷凍機油。
[2]前記基油が、炭素/酸素モル比が2.5以上5.8以下のエステル及び炭素/酸素モル比が2.5以上5.8以下のエーテルから選ばれる少なくとも1種であり、前記冷凍機油の40℃における動粘度が3~300mm2/sである、[1]に記載の冷凍機油。
[3]前記基油が、炭素数4以上9以下の脂肪酸と炭素数4以上12以下の多価アルコールとから合成されるポリオールエステル、ポリアルキレングリコール、ポリアルキレングリコールの両末端の水酸基をエーテル化した化合物及びポリビニルエーテルから選ばれる少なくとも1種である、[1]又は[2]に記載の冷凍機油。
[4]冷凍機油全量を基準として正リン酸エステル0.05~3質量%を更に含有する、[1]~[3]のいずれか一項に記載の冷凍機油。
[5]前記スルフィド化合物がチオビスフェノール化合物であり、前記没食子酸エステルが炭素数1~18のアルキル基を有する、[1]~[4]のいずれか一項に記載の冷凍機油。
[6]冷凍機油全量を基準としてペンタエリスリトールテトラ(2-エチルヘキサノアート)を更に2~20質量%含有する、[1]~[5]のいずれか一項に記載の冷凍機油。
[7]地球温暖化係数が700以下である冷媒と、[1]~[6]のいずれか一項に記載の冷凍機油からなる作動流体組成物。
[8]前記冷媒が、ハイドロフルオロカーボン、ハイドロフルオロオレフィン、二酸化炭素及び炭素数2~4の炭化水素から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含有する冷媒である、[7]に記載の作動流体組成物。
[9]前記冷媒が、ジフルオロメタン及び2,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペンから選ばれる少なくとも1種を含有する冷媒である、[8]に記載の作動流体組成物。
現在は1,1,1,2-テトラフルオロエタン(R134a)が冷蔵庫及びカーエアコン用として、ジフルオロメタン(R32)とペンタフルオロエタン(R125)の質量比1/1の混合冷媒であるR410Aがルームエアコン用として広く使用されている。これらの冷媒用の冷凍機油の基油としては、適度な相互溶解性(相溶性)のあるエステル、ポリエーテル、特にはポリオールエステル、ポリアルキレングリコール、ポリビニルエーテルが適している。
実施例1~12および比較例1~10においては、次に示す基油、添加剤を用いて、表1~3に示す組成を有する冷凍機油を調製した。なお、表1~3に示した基油及び添加剤の含有割合は、いずれも冷凍機油全量を基準とする含有割合である。
(A-1)ポリオールエステル(POE-1):ペンタエリスリトールと、2-メチルプロパン酸と3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸が質量比で35:65の混合酸とのエステル(動粘度68.1mm2/s@40℃、粘度指数84、流動点-40℃、引火点240℃)
(A-2)ポリオールエステル(POE-2):ペンタエリスリトールと、2-エチルヘキサン酸と3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサン酸が質量比で50:50の混合酸とのエステル(動粘度66.7mm2/s@40℃、粘度指数92、流動点-40℃、引火点248℃)
(A-3)ポリアルキレングリコール(PAG):両末端がメチル基で封鎖されたポリオキシプロピレン(平均分子量1000、動粘度46.0mm2/s@40℃、粘度指数190、流動点-45℃、引火点218℃)
(A-4)ポリビニルエーテル(PVE):エチルビニルエーテルとイソブチルビニルエーテルの共重合体(エチルビニルエーテル:イソブチルビニルエーテルが重量比で7:1)、(平均分子量910、動粘度66.4mm2/s@40℃、粘度指数85、流動点-35℃、引火点210℃)
(A-5)鉱油(MO):パラフィン系精製鉱油(動粘度22.3mm2/s@40℃、粘度指数95、流動点―15℃、引火点200℃)
なお、動粘度及び粘度指数はJIS K2283、流動点はJIS K2269、引火点は JIS K2265に準拠し測定した。
(S-1)ジベンジルスルフィド
(S-2)ジドデシルスルフィド
(S-3)4,4’-チオビス(3-メチル-6-ターシャリーブチルフェノール)
(G-1)没食子酸プロピル(n-プロピルガレート)
(G-2)没食子酸オクチル(n-オクチルガレート)
(P-1)トリクレジルフォスフェート(TCP)
(D-1)ペンタエリスリトールテトラ(2-エチルヘキサノアート)(ペンタエルスリトールと2-エチルヘキサン酸のエステル、酸価0.01mgKOH/g、水酸基価1.2mgKOH/g)
潤滑性試験は、ASTM D3233-73に準拠し、ファレックス(ピン/Vブロック)試験機を用いて、一定荷重での摩耗試験を行った。
ファレクス摩耗試験は、冷媒吹き込み制御雰囲気下(70ml/min)、初期温度50℃、回転数290rpm、荷重50Lbfでならし運転を5分間行い、その後に、同じ回転数で本試験を荷重100Lbfで1時間行い、試験後のピンとVブロックの摩耗量の合計値(mg)を測定した。
なお、吹き込み冷媒としてはR32、HFO-1234yf、R600a(イソブタン)を使用した。
安定性試験は、JIS K2211-09(オートクレーブテスト)に準拠し、含有水分量を100ppmに調整した試料油90gをオートクレーブに秤取し、触媒(鉄、銅、アルミの線、いずれも外径1.6mm×長さ50mm)と各々の冷媒(R32、HFO-1234yf、R600a)10gを封入した後、175℃に加熱し、100時間後の試料油の外観と酸価(JIS C2101)を測定した。
なお、安定性試験前の試料油(新油)の酸価は、すべて0.01mgKOH/gであった。
それに対し、比較例1、2は摩耗量がかなり多く、また、比較例3~10では、比較例1、2に比べれば摩耗量は低減されるものの、添加剤配合量が実施例より多い場合でも、その耐摩耗の効果は実施例にははるかに及ばないことがわかる。例えば、実施例1、2と比較例3、4を比べると、スルフィド化合物と少量の没食子酸エステルの配合で耐摩耗性が大幅に向上していることがわかる。また、比較例5の没食子酸エステルのみの添加ではそれほどの耐磨耗効果はない。比較例6では耐摩耗性が若干向上しているものの安定性が低下しており、腐食摩耗が加味されている可能性がある。
Claims (9)
- 基油と、スルフィド化合物と、没食子酸エステルと、を含有し、
冷凍機油全量を基準として、前記スルフィド化合物の含有量が0.01~2.0質量%であり、前記没食子酸エステルの含有量が10~500質量ppmであり、
40℃における動粘度が3~500mm2/sである冷凍機油。 - 前記基油が、炭素/酸素モル比が2.5以上5.8以下のエステル及び炭素/酸素モル比が2.5以上5.8以下のエーテルから選ばれる少なくとも1種であり、前記冷凍機油の40℃における動粘度が3~300mm2/sである、請求項1に記載の冷凍機油。
- 前記基油が、炭素数4以上9以下の脂肪酸と炭素数4以上12以下の多価アルコールとから合成されるポリオールエステル、ポリアルキレングリコール、ポリアルキレングリコールの両末端の水酸基をエーテル化した化合物及びポリビニルエーテルから選ばれる少なくとも1種である、請求項1又は2に記載の冷凍機油。
- 冷凍機油全量を基準として正リン酸エステル0.05~3質量%を更に含有する、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の冷凍機油。
- 前記スルフィド化合物がチオビスフェノール化合物であり、前記没食子酸エステルが炭素数1~18のアルキル基を有する、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の冷凍機油。
- 冷凍機油全量を基準としてペンタエリスリトールテトラ(2-エチルヘキサノアート)2~20質量%を更に含有する、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の冷凍機油。
- 地球温暖化係数が700以下である冷媒と、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の冷凍機油からなる冷凍機用作動流体組成物。
- 前記冷媒が、ハイドロフルオロカーボン、ハイドロフルオロオレフィン、二酸化炭素及び炭素数2~4の炭化水素から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含有する冷媒である、請求項7に記載の冷凍機用作動流体組成物。
- 前記冷媒が、ジフルオロメタン及び2,3,3,3-テトラフルオロプロペンから選ばれる少なくとも1種を含有する冷媒である、請求項7又は8に記載の冷凍機用作動流体組成物。
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JP2019504175A (ja) * | 2015-12-07 | 2019-02-14 | メキシケム フロー エセ・ア・デ・セ・ヴェ | 伝熱組成物 |
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JP2022037689A (ja) * | 2020-08-25 | 2022-03-09 | 出光興産株式会社 | 潤滑油組成物 |
WO2023074686A1 (ja) * | 2021-10-27 | 2023-05-04 | 友光商事株式会社 | 冷媒圧縮式冷凍サイクル装置用作動媒体および該作動媒体を用いた冷凍サイクル装置 |
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JP5977816B2 (ja) * | 2012-03-27 | 2016-08-24 | Jxエネルギー株式会社 | 冷凍機用作動流体組成物 |
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