WO2014101392A1 - 一种无机架ct装置 - Google Patents

一种无机架ct装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014101392A1
WO2014101392A1 PCT/CN2013/079384 CN2013079384W WO2014101392A1 WO 2014101392 A1 WO2014101392 A1 WO 2014101392A1 CN 2013079384 W CN2013079384 W CN 2013079384W WO 2014101392 A1 WO2014101392 A1 WO 2014101392A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ray
rackless
shape
ray source
detector
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Application number
PCT/CN2013/079384
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张金宇
唐虎
段占军
张丽
赵自然
Original Assignee
同方威视技术股份有限公司
清华大学
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Application filed by 同方威视技术股份有限公司, 清华大学 filed Critical 同方威视技术股份有限公司
Publication of WO2014101392A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014101392A1/zh

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V5/00—Prospecting or detecting by the use of ionising radiation, e.g. of natural or induced radioactivity
    • G01V5/20—Detecting prohibited goods, e.g. weapons, explosives, hazardous substances, contraband or smuggled objects
    • G01V5/22—Active interrogation, i.e. by irradiating objects or goods using external radiation sources, e.g. using gamma rays or cosmic rays
    • G01V5/226—Active interrogation, i.e. by irradiating objects or goods using external radiation sources, e.g. using gamma rays or cosmic rays using tomography
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/02—Arrangements for diagnosis sequentially in different planes; Stereoscopic radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/03—Computed tomography [CT]
    • A61B6/032—Transmission computed tomography [CT]
    • A61B6/035—Mechanical aspects of CT
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/44—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/4429—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis related to the mounting of source units and detector units
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
    • G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
    • G01N23/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material
    • G01N23/046—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material using tomography, e.g. computed tomography [CT]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
    • G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
    • G01T1/29—Measurement performed on radiation beams, e.g. position or section of the beam; Measurement of spatial distribution of radiation
    • G01T1/2914—Measurement of spatial distribution of radiation
    • G01T1/2985—In depth localisation, e.g. using positron emitters; Tomographic imaging (longitudinal and transverse section imaging; apparatus for radiation diagnosis sequentially in different planes, steroscopic radiation diagnosis)
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2223/00—Investigating materials by wave or particle radiation
    • G01N2223/40—Imaging
    • G01N2223/419—Imaging computed tomograph
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V5/00—Prospecting or detecting by the use of ionising radiation, e.g. of natural or induced radioactivity
    • G01V5/20—Detecting prohibited goods, e.g. weapons, explosives, hazardous substances, contraband or smuggled objects
    • G01V5/22—Active interrogation, i.e. by irradiating objects or goods using external radiation sources, e.g. using gamma rays or cosmic rays
    • G01V5/224—Multiple energy techniques using one type of radiation, e.g. X-rays of different energies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a frameless CT device, particularly a frameless CT device for security inspection. Background technique
  • CT technology Due to the superior performance of CT technology in material density identification, the application of CT technology in security systems has been expanding.
  • CT technology needs to collect data from different angles for data reconstruction, the traditional solution is to use a slip ring system rotating at a certain speed to collect X-ray data of different angles for reconstruction, and the appearance of rotating parts leads to the structure of the device. Complex, high noise, large equipment, high operating and maintenance costs.
  • CT technology has provided new ideas for data reconstruction from different angles.
  • the trigger timing of the ray emission point of the carbon nano X-ray source is controlled by a certain time series. If the ray emission point of the X-ray source is sufficient, the layout of the detector receiving surface is effective, and the timing control of the transmitting and receiving is reasonable, A sufficient amount of data needed to reconstruct the CT data is obtained, thereby realizing a rotation-free slip ring system to achieve
  • the scanned object to be inspected is relatively simple, and the fixed position in the scanning channel can be ensured. Therefore, the most common layout method is that the detector layout is linear or circular. Shape, through the relative motion of the ray emission point of the multi-point X-ray source and the detector receiving surface to obtain different angular directions
  • a frameless CT apparatus comprising: a scanning channel; a stationary X-ray source disposed around the scanning channel, the X-ray source comprising a plurality of ray emission And a plurality of fixed detector modules arranged around the scanning channel, the plurality of detector modules being disposed opposite the X-ray source.
  • At least some of the plurality of detector modules are arranged in a substantially L-shape when viewed in a plane intersecting the scanning channel.
  • the plane is substantially perpendicular to the scanning channel or the plane is inclined relative to the scanning channel.
  • At least some of the plurality of ray emission points of the X-ray source are arranged in a substantially rectilinear or polygonal shape when viewed in a plane intersecting the scanning channel.
  • the plane is substantially perpendicular to the scan channel or the plane is inclined relative to the scan channel.
  • the angle between the first end ray emission point of the ray emission point arranged in a substantially straight line or a line shape and the line connecting the center of the scanning channel and the head end of the detector module arranged in a substantially L shape The sum of the angles between the detector module and the line connecting the center of the scanning channel is greater than 180 degrees. This ensures that the data acquisition system is able to get enough scan data.
  • the plurality of ray emission points of the X-ray source emit a beam of rays perpendicular to a direction in which the object to be inspected advances along the scanning channel or perpendicular to the scanning channel, or a direction in which the object advances or a scanning channel tilt.
  • the radiation beam emitted by the plurality of radiation emitting points of the X-ray source is in a plane with the radiation receiving surface of the detector module.
  • the radiation receiving faces of the detector modules are adjacent end to end such that rays emitted from the plurality of radiation emitting points cannot pass between the radiation receiving faces.
  • the midpoint line of the radiation receiving face of the detector receiving module when viewed in a plane intersecting the scanning channel can form two straight lines, and the two straight lines intersect at one point.
  • the plane is substantially perpendicular to the scan channel or the plane is inclined relative to the scan channel.
  • the plurality of ray emission points of the X-ray source and the receiving surfaces of the plurality of detector modules are arranged in the same plane, and the direction of the beam is substantially equal to the receiving surface of the corresponding detector module.
  • the plane is substantially perpendicular to the scan channel or the plane is inclined relative to the scan channel.
  • each detector module is capable of receiving radiation emitted by at least one of a plurality of ray emission points from an X-ray source.
  • the plurality of ray emission points of the X-ray source and the corresponding ray emission point and detector module of the plurality of detector modules are arranged in the same plane.
  • the plane is substantially perpendicular to the scan channel or the plane is inclined relative to the scan channel.
  • the plurality of ray emission points are arranged in at least one row in the direction of the scanning channel.
  • the rackless CT apparatus further includes: a front alignment device that adjusts the energy of the beam, the front alignment device being disposed between the plurality of radiation emission points and the detector module.
  • the front alignment device is a correction grid.
  • the distance of the front alignment device from the receiving surface of the detector module is greater than the distance of the correction grid from the ray emission point.
  • the distance of the front alignment device from the receiving surface of the detector module is at least 5 times the distance of the correction grid from the ray emission point.
  • the correction grid shape is a fitting curve shape.
  • the X-ray source is a carbon nanotube X-ray source.
  • the invention can adopt the carbon nano X-ray source, overcomes the shortcomings of the traditional frameless CT device with complicated structure and large volume by rationally arranging the X-ray source and the detector module, thereby realizing the miniaturization of the CT security inspection device and reducing the size.
  • the floor space improves the availability of the rackless CT system at the security check site.
  • the carbon nano X-ray source-based rackless CT system of the present invention can ensure sufficient rackless CT under the condition of small device width by controlling the emission of the carbon nanometer source and the optimized layout of the detector arm frame. The required data, so as to reduce the footprint of the rackless CT device and reduce the cost of the device.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a rackless CT apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of a radiation source, a detector, and a front alignment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of a radiation source and a detector according to an embodiment of the present invention. detailed description
  • a frameless CT apparatus includes a scanning channel 4; a stationary X-ray source 7, the X-ray source including a plurality of ray emission points 71; and a plurality of fixed types Detector module 10, detector module 10 is mounted on detector arm 5, which is disposed opposite X-ray source 7 and in a plane intersecting scan channel 4 (the plane may be substantially perpendicular to the scan channel or The detector module 10 is arranged in a substantially L-shape when viewed from the tilting of the scanning channel, i.e., there are distinct cross arms 13 and vertical arms 11, and the cross arms 13 and the vertical arms 11 are connected to each other without disconnection.
  • the plane formed by the radiation emission point 71 of the X-ray source 7 and the detector boom 5 or the detector module 10 is substantially perpendicular to the direction of travel of the scanning channel 4 or the transport device 1 or is inclined with respect to the direction of travel of the scanning channel 4 or the transport device 1. .
  • a plurality of ray emission points 71 and a detector boom 5 or detector module 10 are arranged around the scanning channel 4.
  • the rackless CT apparatus further includes a light barrier system 3 for detecting an object in and out of the scanning channel, an acquisition control unit 6, a computer reconstruction unit 8, and a transporting device. Check the transport of the object 2 Device 1.
  • the X-ray source ⁇ can be a nanotube X-ray source having a plurality of X-ray emission points 71.
  • the X-ray source 7 can also be other suitable X-ray sources as long as it contains a plurality of controllable ray emission points.
  • the plurality of ray emission points of the X-ray source 7 are linearly arranged and can be arranged in a straight type (shown in Fig. 1) or a broken line type (shown in Fig. 3).
  • the direction of the radiation emitted by the X-ray emission point 71 is substantially perpendicular to the direction of travel of the scanning channel 4 or the delivery device 1 or is inclined with respect to the direction of travel of the scanning channel 4 or the delivery device 1, and the reception of the X-ray emission point 71 and the detector module 10
  • the faces can be in the same plane.
  • all the fan-shaped X-ray beams emitted by the X-ray source 7 can fill the effective scanning area 15 in the scanning channel 4, without blocking the dead angle.
  • the X-ray beam exit of each of the radiation exit points 71 of the X-ray source 7 is controlled by the acquisition control unit 6, and the emission time, interval and intensity of the X-ray emission point 71 are adjustable.
  • the ray launch point 71 can be controlled intermittently or continuously.
  • the angle between the leading end ray emitting point 9 and the end ray emitting point 17 of the X-ray source 7 and the line C of the (cross-sectional) center of the scanning channel 4 is ⁇ , and the first and the end of the plurality of detector modules 10 are detected.
  • the angle between the module 10 and the line of the (cross-sectional) center C of the channel is ⁇ , and the sum of ⁇ and ⁇ is greater than 180 degrees.
  • the detector boom 5 includes a cross arm 13 and a vertical arm 11, and the detector cross arm intersects the detector arm without breaking.
  • the midpoint of the radiation receiving surface of the detector receiving module 10 on the detector cross arm 13 is located on a straight line
  • the midpoint of the radiation receiving surface of the detector receiving module 10 on the detector vertical arm 11 is located on another straight line, and this The two intersect at a point.
  • the rays emitted by the plurality of ray emission points 71 cannot pass between the detector booms 5.
  • the detector module 10 In the plane of the rays emitted by the X-ray emission point 71, the detector module 10 is connected end to end without disconnection, that is, the rays emitted by all the X-ray points must pass through the receiving surface of the detector.
  • the detector module 10 in the illustration may be constructed of a linear detector or an area array detector.
  • the ray emission points 71 are linearly arranged when viewed in a plane intersecting the scanning channel 4, and may be arranged in a linear type (as shown in FIG. 2) or a broken line type (as shown in FIG. 3), the first of the ray emission points.
  • the angle between the end ray emission points 9 and 17 and the center of the channel C (the center of the channel cross section) and the angle ⁇ between the first end detector module and the channel center C in the detector module are greater than 180 degrees.
  • the direction in which the X-ray source emits radiation is substantially perpendicular to the scanning direction of the scanning channel 4 or the conveying device 1, or is inclined with respect to the conveying direction of the scanning channel 4 or the conveying device 1, and the ray direction is consistent with the direction of the receiving plane of the detector.
  • the detector module 10 is capable of receiving radiation from at least a portion of the plurality of radiation emitting points 71 of the X-ray source 7, some of which are perpendicular to the receiving surface, some relative to the receiving surface tilt.
  • the ray emission points 71 are arranged in a row when viewed in a plane intersecting the scanning channel 4, and the detector modules 10 are arranged in a row, and the beam outgoing direction may be substantially the same as the scanning path 4 or the conveying direction of the conveying device 1. It is inclined vertically or with respect to the scanning path 4 or the conveying direction of the conveying device 1.
  • the detector receiving surfaces can be arranged in a single row or in multiple rows. If arranged in multiple rows, the corresponding front calibration device needs to correspond to a multi-row structure.
  • the frameless CT apparatus further comprises: a front alignment device 16 for controlling the dose of the radiation beam, the front alignment device 16 being disposed at the plurality of radiation emission points 71 and the plurality of detector modules Between 10.
  • the front gauge 16 can be a curved grid or other suitable calibration grid.
  • the front alignment device 16 is at least 5 times the distance from the receiving surface of the detector module 10 to the distance between the radiation emitting point 71 and the front alignment device 16.
  • the detector arm frame 5 has an L-shaped structure, or the detector module 10 is arranged in a substantially L shape, and the ray emission point 71 of the X-ray source 7 may also be a fold line.
  • Type arrangement and the angle ⁇ between the first end ray emitting points 9 and 17 in the ray emitting point 71 and the line connecting the center C of the channel and the line connecting the head end detecting module 10 and the channel center C in the detector module 10 The sum of the angles ⁇ is greater than 180 degrees.
  • the detector module 12 can be arranged in other shapes, such as semi-circular, U-shaped, circular arc, parabolic, curved, and the like.
  • the ray emission point 71 of the X-ray source 7 can also be arranged in an L shape, a U shape, a semicircular shape, a circular arc shape, a parabolic shape, a curved shape or the like.
  • the X-ray energy reaching the detector module 10 on the detector boom 5 may be from a single ray emission point 71 of the X-ray source 7 or several ray from the X-ray source 7 during a certain period of time. A combination of launch points 71.
  • the intensity of the X-rays emitted by the X-ray source 7 at different ray emission points 71 can be programmed.
  • the number of ray emission points of the xenon ray source 7, the size of the detector cross arm and the vertical arm, and the size of the effective scanning area 15 in the scanning channel 4 turn off.
  • the X-ray beams emitted by all of the ray-emitting points 71 cover the scanning channel 4.
  • the triggering mode of the X-ray emission point 71 is related to the acquisition control mode of the fixed rack non-rack CT device, and whether the single ray emission point 71 is triggered by the acquisition control unit 6 of the rackless CT device. Under the command of the acquisition control unit 6, the ray emission point 71 of the X-ray source 7 can sequentially emit X-rays, and the ray emission point emission interval and frequency are governed by the command of the acquisition control unit 6.
  • the acquisition control unit 6 is controlled by the Can bus, including control of the X-ray source 7, and control of the detector module 10.
  • the computer system 8 communicates the control command to the acquisition control unit 6 through the protocol, and the detector module 10 is required to start the acquisition.
  • the acquisition control unit starts the release by parsing the command of the acquisition control unit 6.
  • the acquisition command and the transmission and error correction of the collected data, the data collected by the detector module 10 is transmitted to the computer reconstruction unit 8.
  • the computer reconstruction unit 8 is a key device for realizing analysis, reconstruction and feature recognition of data of the rackless CT device.
  • the computer reconstruction unit 8 firstly according to the format of the data packet. Classify the data, determine the source of the data, establish a feature matrix based on the scanned baggage in the scanned area, and then solve the corresponding feature values in the feature matrix, and compare with the characteristic values of the specific substances in the database to determine whether the substance is For substances that require special attention, provide prompts for warnings.
  • the purpose of the scanning channel 4 is to provide a path for the scanned baggage 2 to travel and a shield wall for irrelevant X-rays.
  • the shielding wall is a radiation-proof material, which may be a heavy metal such as lead or steel.
  • the checked baggage 2 is transported into the scanning channel 4 by the conveyor of the conveying device 1 at a certain speed.
  • the inspected baggage 2 triggers the light barrier system 3 or the photoelectric sensor 3, the X-ray source 7 enters the beam ready state.
  • the acquisition control unit 6 controls the ray emission point 71 of the X-ray source 7 to emit an electron beam in a predetermined time series, and generates X-rays continuously or at intervals, and at the same time, the acquisition control unit 6 starts publishing.
  • the collected command, the corresponding position of the detector module 10 starts to collect data, and simultaneously records the time point of the collected data and the position point of the detector module 10, and the collected number
  • the computer reconstruction unit 8 performs correction and data processing by comparing the control ray emission point instruction information and the collected data information at the same time, and then Reconstructing the data at the corresponding position, establishing a matrix based on the material characteristics of the scanned baggage 2, and performing a reverse solution by the calculation module in the computer reconstruction unit 8 to obtain one or more substances of the scanned bag 2 at the corresponding position.
  • Material properties establish material properties data within a fault location.
  • the computer reconstruction unit 8 obtains the material property data of the entire baggage layer by layer, and performs centralized analysis and determination of the fault data characteristics through a dedicated identification algorithm, and compares the material property table in the existing database. A conclusion is drawn as to whether the scanned baggage 2 contains the specific substance of interest to the user, and is displayed by a display connected to the computer system.
  • the present invention by using the transformation of the position of the ray emission point 71 of the X-ray source 7, by transforming the ray emission point and scanning the acquisition area, the collected data of the scanned baggage at different timings can be obtained, and thus the conventional computed tomography technique can be utilized ( That is, CT technology), to perform tomographic scanning of the scanned baggage without rotating the scanned object or rotating the detector and the X-ray source.
  • CT technology computed tomography
  • the accuracy of the computer's reconstruction of the tomographic data is related to the angle of observation of the scanned baggage.
  • the invention can adopt an X-ray source based on carbon nano material, and the spacing between the ray emission points can be the same within a certain length range, and can be programmed by the acquisition control unit 6, and the order of the ray emission points can be arranged in a straight line. , or they can be arranged along a broken line.
  • Detectors can be divided into linear detectors or area array detectors to maximize cost and system identification accuracy.
  • the scanned baggage passes through the scanning area at a certain speed.
  • the substance to be scanned may remain stationary in the scanning area, and then after a shift of the displacement, the static scanning is continued until the scanning is completed.
  • Computer systems distinguish substances by identifying the material properties of the baggage fault. In the process of material identification, the system should contain at least one material property, such as density and atomic number.
  • the frameless CT device of the invention fully considers the application of CT technology in the field of security inspection, comprehensively considers the scanning channel, the carbon nano-ray source and the detector system, and solves the problem that the frameless CT system has large equipment and low acquisition precision. , to achieve the rapid development of CT technology

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Abstract

一种无机架CT装置，包括：扫描通道（4）、围绕扫描通道（4）布置的固定式X射线源（7）和围绕扫描通道（4）布置的固定式的多个探测器模块（10），其中该X射线源（7）包括多个射线发射点（71）并且所述多个探测器模块（10）与X射线源（7）相对设置。在与扫描通道（4）相交的平面中观看时，所述多个探测器模块（10）中的至少一些探测器模块（10）布置成大致L形、半圆形、U形、圆弧形、抛物线形或曲线形。该无机架CT系统提供了小尺寸和数据识别的高精度。

Description

一种无机架 CT装置 技术领域
本发明涉及一种无机架 CT装置， 特别是用于安检的无机架 CT 装置。 背景技术
由于 CT技术在物质密度识别方面的卓越性能， 使得 CT技术在 安检系统中的应用不断拓展。但由于 CT技术需要采集到不同角度的 数据来进行数据重建，传统的解决办法是以一定速度旋转的滑环系统 来采集不同角度的 X射线透视数据来进行重建， 旋转部件的出现导 致设备的结构复杂， 运转噪音大， 设备体积大， 运行及维护的成本较 高。 近年来， 随着 X射线源技术的不断发展， 特别是基于碳纳米技 术的多点 X射线源的出现，给 CT技术从不同角度进行数据重建提供 了新的思路。
通过一定的时间序列对碳纳米 X射线源的射线发射点的触发时 序进行控制， 如果 X射线源的射线发射点足够多， 探测器接收面的 布局有效， 发射和接收的时序控制合理， 就能够得到满足 CT数据重 建所需要的足够的数据量，从而实现不依赖于旋转的滑环系统来实现
CT技术的重建工作。无机架 CT技术的推出，解决了以往 CT技术面 临的复杂的数据传输问题， 并且运行费用更低， 可靠性更高。 但由于 无机架 CT技术取消了旋转部件， 也对 CT设备的射线源和探测器布 局提出了更高的要求， 如何合理布局也成了各个无机架 CT厂家所面 临的难题之一。
由于早期的无机架 CT技术大多应用于医疗检查领域，检查的被 扫描对象比较单一， 且能够保证在扫描通道内的固定位置， 因而最常 见的布局方式是探测器布局为直线型或圆弧形， 通过多点 X射线源 的射线发射点与探测器接收面的相对运动来获取不同角度方向上的
CT重建数据。 对比早期的无机架 CT系统， 无论是直线型布局， 或 圆弧形布局， 都没有综合考虑扫描通道对 X射线源和探测器布局的 影响， 即如何在小尺寸条件下保证足够大的扫描通道， 因此应用于安 检领域时， 无机架 CT设备的总体尺寸较大， 查验速度慢， 远不能满 足安检领域的快速检查对无机架 CT设备的占地面积的需求。在安检 领域， 扫描通道的大小、 扫描速度是影响检查效果的两个重要因素， 因此安检 CT设备的扫描通道会明显大于医疗 CT设备， 且速度明显 高于医用 CT系统， 加上安检设备大多处于公共区域， 因此设备自身 的辐射防护要求较高， 这些给安检设备的设计带来诸多苛刻的要求。 发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种无机架 CT装置， 该无机架 CT装置例 如具有较小的体积， 由此能够减小占地面积。
根据本发明的一方面， 本发明提供了一种无机架 CT装置， 该无 机架 CT装置包括：扫描通道；围绕扫描通道布置的固定式 X射线源， 该 X射线源包括多个射线发射点；以及围绕扫描通道布置的固定式的 多个探测器模块， 所述多个探测器模块与 X射线源相对设置。
根据本发明的一方面， 在与扫描通道相交的平面中观看时所述 多个探测器模块中的至少一些探测器模块布置成大致 L形。所述平面 与扫描通道大致垂直或所述平面相对于扫描通道倾斜。
根据本发明的一方面， 所述 X射线源的多个射线发射点中的至 少一些在与扫描通道相交的平面中观看时布置成大致直线形或折线 形。 所述平面与扫描通道大致垂直或所述平面相对于扫描通道倾斜。
根据本发明的一方面， 布置成大致直线形或折线形的射线发射 点中的首末端射线发射点与扫描通道中心的连线的夹角以及布置成 大致 L 形的探测器模块中的首末端探测器模块与扫描通道中心的连 线的夹角之和大于 180度。从而保证数据采集系统能够得到足够的扫 描数据。
根据本发明的一方面， 所述 X射线源的多个射线发射点所发射 的射线束垂直于被检查物体沿扫描通道前进的方向或垂直于扫描通 道， 或相对于物体前进的方向或扫描通道倾斜。 根据本发明的一方面， 所述 X射线源的多个射线发射点所发射 的射线束与探测器模块的射线接收面在一个平面内。
根据本发明的一方面， 探测器模块的射线接收面首尾相邻， 使 从多个射线发射点发射的射线不能从射线接收面之间通过。
根据本发明的一方面， 在与扫描通道相交的平面中观看时探测 器接收模块的射线接收面的中点连线可形成两条直线，且两条直线相 交于一点。所述平面与扫描通道大致垂直或所述平面相对于扫描通道 倾斜。
根据本发明的一方面， 所述 X射线源的多个射线发射点和所述 多个探测器模块的接收面在同一平面中布置，且射线束的方向与对应 的探测器模块的接收面大致垂直。所述平面与扫描通道大致垂直或所 述平面相对于扫描通道倾斜。
根据本发明的一方面， 每个探测器模块能够接收来自 X射线源 的多个射线发射点中的至少一个所发射的射线。
根据本发明的一方面， 所述 X射线源的多个射线发射点和所述 多个探测器模块中的、对应的射线发射点和探测器模块在同一平面中 布置。 所述平面与扫描通道大致垂直或所述平面相对于扫描通道倾 斜。
根据本发明的一方面， 在扫描通道的方向上所述多个射线发射 点布置成至少一排。
根据本发明的一方面， 所述无机架 CT装置还包括： 调节射线束 能量的前准装置，前准装置设置在所述多个射线发射点与所述探测器 模块之间。
根据本发明的一方面， 所述前准装置是校正栅格。
根据本发明的一方面， 所述前准装置距离探测器模块的接收面 的距离大于校正栅格距离射线发射点的距离。
根据本发明的一方面， 所述前准装置距离探测器模块的接收面 的距离是校正栅格距离射线发射点的距离的至少 5倍。
根据本发明的一方面， 所述校正栅格形状为拟合曲线状。
根据本发明的一方面， 所述 X射线源是碳纳米管 X射线源。 本发明可以采用碳纳米 X射线源， 通过对 X射线源和探测器模 块的合理布局， 克服了传统无机架 CT装置结构复杂， 体积庞大的缺 点， 实现了 CT安检设备的小型化， 减少了占地面积， 提高了无机架 CT系统在安检现场的可用性。
本发明的基于碳纳米 X射线源的无机架 CT系统， 通过对碳纳 米源的控制发射以及探测器臂架的优化布局，可保证在较小设备宽度 尺寸条件下获取足够的无机架 CT所需要的数据， 从而达到降低无机 架 CT设备的占地， 降低设备成本的目的。 附图说明
图 1是根据本发明的实施例的无机架 CT装置的示意图； 图 2是根据本发明的实施例的射线源、探测器以及前准装置的布 置示意图； 以及
图 3是根据本发明的实施例的射线源和探测器的布置示意图。 具体实施方式
下面结合附图及具体实施方式对本发明做进一歩说明。
如图 1至 3所示， 根据本发明的实施例， 无机架 CT装置包括扫 描通道 4; 固定式 X射线源 7， 该 X射线源包括多个射线发射点 71 ; 以及固定式的多个探测器模块 10， 探测器模块 10安装在探测器臂架 5上， 探测器臂架 5与 X射线源 7相对设置， 并且在与扫描通道 4相 交的平面（该平面可与扫描通道大致垂直或该平面可相对于扫描通道 倾斜） 中观看时探测器模块 10布置成大致 L形， 即有明显的横臂 13 和竖臂 11， 且横臂 13与竖臂 11相互连接， 无断开。 X射线源 7的射 线发射点 71和探测器臂架 5或探测器模块 10形成的平面与扫描通道 4或输送装置 1的行进方向大致垂直或相对于扫描通道 4或输送装置 1的行进方向倾斜。 多个射线发射点 71和探测器臂架 5或探测器模 块 10围绕扫描通道 4布置。 如图所示， 在一种优选实施例中， 该无 机架 CT装置还包括用于探测被检查物体进出扫描通道的光障系统 3、 采集控制单元 6、 计算机重建单元 8、 用于输送被检查物体 2的输送 装置 1。
X射线源 Ί可以是纳米管 X射线源，具有多个 X射线发射点 71。 此外， X射线源 7也可以是其它合适的 X射线源， 只要包含多个可 控制的射线发射点即可。 X射线源 7的多个射线发射点呈线性排布， 可布置为直线型 （图 1所示） 或折线型 （图 3所示）。 X射线发射点 71发出的射线方向与扫描通道 4或输送装置 1的行进方向大致垂直 或相对于扫描通道 4或输送装置 1的行进方向倾斜，并且 X射线发射 点 71与探测器模块 10的接收面可处于同一平面内。
如图 2所示， X射线源 7所发射的所有扇形 X射线束可充满扫 描通道 4中的有效扫描区域 15， 无遮挡死角。 X射线源 7的每个射 线发射点 71的 X射线出束受采集控制单元 6控制， X射线发射点 71 的发射时间、 间隔和强度可调。 射线发射点 71可以间隔或连续控制 触发。 X射线源 7的首端射线发射点 9和末端射线发射点 17与扫描 通道 4的（横截面的） 中心 C的连线的夹角为 β， 多个探测器模块 10 中的首、 末端探测器模块 10与通道的 （横截面的） 中心 C的连线的 夹角为 α， 且满足 β和 α之和大于 180度。
如图 2所示， 探测器臂架 5包括横臂 13和竖臂 11， 探测器横臂 与探测器竖臂相交， 无断开。 其中探测器横臂 13上探测器接收模块 10的射线接收面的中点位于一条直线上， 探测器竖臂 11上探测器接 收模块 10的射线接收面的中点位于另一条直线上， 且这两条之间相 交于一点。 多个射线发射点 71发射的射线不能从探测器臂架 5之间 通过。在 X射线发射点 71发出的射线的平面内， 探测器模块 10首尾 衔接， 无断开， 即所有 X射线点发射的射线必须经过探测器的接收 面。 图示中的探测器模块 10可以由线性探测器构成， 也可以由面阵 式探测器构成。
如图 2所示， 在与扫描通道 4相交的平面中观看时射线发射点 71呈线性排列， 可以布置为直线型（如图 2)或者折线型（如图 3 ) ， 射线发射点中的首末端射线发射点 9和 17与通道中心 C (通道横截 面的中心） 连线的夹角 β和探测器模块中的首末端探测器模块与通道 中心 C连线的夹角 α之和大于 180度， 以保证得到足够的断层扫描数 据进行重建。在图 3中， X射线源发射射线的方向与扫描通道 4或输 送装置 1的输送方向大致垂直或相对于扫描通道 4或输送装置 1的输 送方向倾斜， 并且射线方向与探测器接收平面方向一致。
在探测器臂架 5上，探测器模块 10能够接收来自 X射线源 7的 多个射线发射点 71中的至少一部分的射线， 这些射线中， 有的垂直 于接收面， 有的相对于接收面倾斜。
如图 2所示， 在与扫描通道 4相交的平面中观看时射线发射点 71排列成一排， 探测器模块 10布置成一排， 射线出束方向可以与扫 描通道 4或输送装置 1的输送方向大致垂直或相对于扫描通道 4或输 送装置 1的输送方向倾斜。在行李输送系统行进方向上， 探测器接收 面可排列成单排或多排。如排列为多排， 则相应的前校准装置需要对 应为多排结构。
如图 2所示， 根据本发明的无机架 CT装置还包括： 对射线束的 剂量进行控制的前准装置 16， 该前准装置 16设置在多个射线发射点 71与多个探测器模块 10之间。 前准装置 16可以是拟合曲线状的校 正栅格或其它合适的校正栅格。前准装置 16距离探测器模块 10接收 面的距离至少 5倍于射线发射点 71与前准装置 16的距离。
如图 3所示的固定机架无机架 CT装置中， 探测器臂架 5为 L 形结构， 或探测器模块 10布置成大致 L形， X射线源 7的射线发射 点 71也可以是折线型布置，并且射线发射点 71中的首末端射线发射 点 9和 17与通道中心 C的连线的夹角 β和探测器模块 10中的首末端 探测器模块 10与通道中心 C的连线的夹角 α之和大于 180度。 作为 选择， 探测器模块 12也可以布置成其它的形状， 例如半圆形、 U形、 圆弧形、 抛物线形、 曲线形等等。 X射线源 7的射线发射点 71也可 以布置成 L形、 U形、 半圆形、 圆弧形、 抛物线形、 曲线形等等。
在一定时间段内， 到达探测器臂架 5上的探测器模块 10上的 X 射线能量， 可来自于 X射线源 7的单一射线发射点 71， 也可来自于 X射线源 7的几个射线发射点 71的组合。 X射线源 7不同射线发射 点 71发射的 X射线强度可程序控制。Χ射线源 7的射线发射点数量、 探测器横臂和竖臂的大小与扫描通道 4内的有效扫描区域 15大小相 关。 所有射线发射点 71所发射的 X射线束覆盖扫描通道 4。
X射线发射点 71的触发方式与固定机架无机架 CT装置的采集 控制方式相关， 单个射线发射点 71是否触发由无机架 CT装置的采 集控制单元 6控制。在采集控制单元 6的命令下， X射线源 7的射线 发射点 71可顺序发射 X射线， 射线发射点发射间隔、 频率受采集控 制单元 6的命令支配。
在本发明的无机架系统中， 采集控制单元 6通过 Can总线进行 控制， 包括对 X射线源 7的控制、 对探测器模块 10的控制。 当被检 查行李 2触发光障系统 3时，计算机系统 8将控制命令通过协议传达 给采集控制单元 6， 要求探测器模块 10开始进行采集， 采集控制单 元通过解析采集控制单元 6的命令，发布开始采集命令以及对采集数 据进行传输和纠错， 探测器模块 10采集后的数据传输到计算机重建 单元 8中。
计算机重建单元 8是实现无机架 CT装置的数据的解析、重构以 及特征识别的关键器件， 当采集到的数据被传输到计算机重建单元 8 中时， 计算机重建单元 8首先根据数据包的格式对数据进行分类， 确 定数据的来源， 建立基于扫描区域内被扫描行李的特征矩阵， 然后求 解特征矩阵中对应的特征值，通过与数据库中特异物质的特征值进行 比对， 得出该物质是否为所要特别关注的物质， 进而提供是否进行报 警的提示。
扫描通道 4的作用是提供被扫描行李 2输送行进的通道和无关 X 射线的屏蔽墙。屏蔽墙为防辐射的材料，该防辐射的材料可为重金属， 如铅或钢材。
检查过程中， 被检查行李 2以一定的速度由输送装置 1 的传送 带运入扫描通道 4内，当被检查行李 2触发光障系统 3或光电传感器 3时， X射线源 7进入出束准备状态， 当行李 2进入扫描有效区域 15 内时， 采集控制单元 6操控 X射线源 7的射线发射点 71按预定的时 间序列发射电子束， 连续或间隔产生 X射线， 同时， 采集控制单元 6 发布开始采集的命令， 探测器模块 10的对应位置开始采集数据， 同 时记录所采集数据的时间点和探测器模块 10的位置点， 采集到的数 据通过专用线缆（例如， 光纤）传输到计算机重建单元 8中， 由计算 机重建单元 8 通过对比在同一时刻内的控制射线发射点指令信息和 采集到的数据信息， 进行校正和数据处理， 然后对相应位置处的数据 进行重建， 建立基于被扫描行李 2的物质特性的矩阵， 由计算机重建 单元 8中的计算模块进行逆向求解，得出对应位置处被扫描行李 2的 物质的一种或多种物质特性， 建立起一个断层位置内的物质特性数 据。随着行李 2以一定的速度移动， 计算机重建单元 8会逐层得到整 个行李的物质特性数据，通过专用的识别算法对断层数据特性进行集 中分析和判定， 对比现有数据库中的物质特性表， 得出被扫描行李 2 中是否包含用户所关心的特异物质的结论，并通过计算机系统相连接 的显示器显示出来。
在本发明中， 利用 X射线源 7的射线发射点 71位置的变换， 通 过变换射线发射点和扫描采集区域，得到不同时序下被扫描行李的采 集数据， 进而可以利用传统的计算机断层扫描技术 （即 CT技术） ， 在不旋转被扫描物体或者不旋转探测器与 X射线源的情况下， 实现 对被扫描行李的断层扫描。
在计算机重建的过程中， 计算机对断层数据重建的精度与对被 扫描行李观察的角度相关。 本发明可以采用基于碳纳米材料的 X射 线源， 在一定长度范围内， 射线发射点之间的间距可以相同， 可通过 采集控制单元 6进行程序控制，射线发射点发射射线的顺序可以沿直 线排列， 也可以是沿折线排列。探测器可以分为线性探测器或面阵式 探测器， 从而最大程度地解决成本与系统识别精度的问题。
一般情况下， 被扫描行李以一定的速度通过扫描区域。 对扫描 要求高的场合， 被扫描物质也可在扫描区域内保持静止， 然后移动一 段位移后， 继续静态扫描， 直至扫描完成。计算机系统通过识别行李 断层的物质特性来区分物质。对物质识别的过程中， 系统应至少包含 一种物质特性， 如密度和原子序数。
本发明的无机架 CT装置充分考虑了 CT技术在安检领域内的应 用， 将扫描通道、 碳纳米射线源和探测器系统综合考虑， 解决了无机 架 CT系统设备庞大， 采集精度低的问题， 实现了 CT技术的快速化
Figure imgf000011_0001

Claims

权 利 要 求
1 . 一种无机架 CT装置， 包括：
扫描通道；
围绕扫描通道布置的固定式 X射线源， 该 X射线源包括多个射 线发射点； 以及
围绕扫描通道布置的固定式的多个探测器模块， 所述多个探测 器模块与 X射线源相对设置。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的无机架 CT装置， 其中
在与扫描通道相交的平面中观看时所述多个探测器模块中的至 少一些探测器模块布置成大致 L形、 半圆形、 U形、 圆弧形、 抛物线 形或曲线形。
3. 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的无机架 CT装置， 其中
所述 X射线源的多个射线发射点中的至少一些在与扫描通道相 交的平面中观看时布置成大致直线形或折线形。
4. 根据权利要求 3所述的无机架 CT装置， 其中
布置成大致直线形或折线形的射线发射点中的首末端射线发射 点与扫描通道中心的连线的夹角以及布置成大致 L 形的探测器模块 中的首末端探测器模块与扫描通道中心的连线的夹角之和大于 180 度。
5. 根据权利要求 1所述的无机架 CT装置， 其中
所述 X射线源的多个射线发射点所发射的射线束垂直于被检查 物体沿扫描通道前进的方向或垂直于扫描通道，或相对于物体前进的 方向或扫描通道倾斜。
6. 根据权利要求 1所述的无机架 CT装置， 其中 所述 X射线源的多个射线发射点所发射的射线束与探测器模块 的射线接收面在一个平面内。
7. 根据权利要求 1所述的无机架 CT装置， 其中
探测器模块的射线接收面首尾相邻， 使从多个射线发射点发射 的射线不能从射线接收面之间通过。
8. 根据权利要求 1所述的无机架 CT装置， 其中
在与扫描通道相交的平面中观看时探测器接收模块的射线接收 面的中点连线可形成两条直线， 且两条直线相交于一点。
9. 根据权利要求 1所述的无机架 CT装置， 其中
所述 X射线源的多个射线发射点和所述多个探测器模块的接收 面在同一平面中布置，且射线束的方向与对应的探测器模块的接收面 大致垂直。
10. 根据权利要求 1所述的无机架 CT装置， 其中
每个探测器模块能够接收来自 X射线源的多个射线发射点中的 至少一个所发射的射线。
11. 根据权利要求 1所述的无机架 CT装置， 其中
所述 X射线源的多个射线发射点和所述多个探测器模块中的、 对应的射线发射点和探测器模块在同一平面中布置。
12. 根据权利要求 1所述的无机架 CT装置， 其中
在扫描通道的方向上所述多个射线发射点布置成至少一排。
13. 根据权利要求 1所述的无机架 CT装置， 还包括： 调节射线 束能量的前准装置，前准装置设置在所述多个射线发射点与所述探测 器模块之间。
14. 根据权利要求 1所述的无机架 CT装置， 其中所述前准装置 是校正栅格。
15. 根据权利要求 13或 14所述的无机架 CT装置， 其中 所述前准装置距离探测器模块的接收面的距离大于校正栅格距 离射线发射点的距离。
16. 根据权利要求 13或 14所述的无机架 CT装置， 其中 所述前准装置距离探测器模块的接收面的距离是校正栅格距离 射线发射点的距离的至少 5倍。
17. 根据权利要求 14所述的无机架 CT装置， 其中
所述校正栅格形状为拟合曲线状。
18. 根据权利要求 1所述的无机架 CT装置， 其中
所述 X射线源是碳纳米管 X射线源。
19. 根据权利要求 1所述的无机架 CT装置， 其中
所述 X射线源包括多个射线发射点以间隔顺序或连续发射 X射 线。
20. 根据权利要求 1所述的无机架 CT装置， 其中
所述 X射线源的射线发射点布置成 L形、 U形、 半圆形、 圆弧 形、 抛物线形或曲线形。
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