WO2020087825A1 - 一种多级能量型静态安检ct系统及成像方法 - Google Patents

一种多级能量型静态安检ct系统及成像方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020087825A1
WO2020087825A1 PCT/CN2019/077239 CN2019077239W WO2020087825A1 WO 2020087825 A1 WO2020087825 A1 WO 2020087825A1 CN 2019077239 W CN2019077239 W CN 2019077239W WO 2020087825 A1 WO2020087825 A1 WO 2020087825A1
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Prior art keywords
image chain
detector
focus
ray source
level image
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PCT/CN2019/077239
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李保磊
胡艳涛
李运祥
崔志立
高建
罗杰
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北京纳米维景科技有限公司
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Priority claimed from CN201821783336.XU external-priority patent/CN209167556U/zh
Priority claimed from CN201811287240.9A external-priority patent/CN109343135B/zh
Application filed by 北京纳米维景科技有限公司 filed Critical 北京纳米维景科技有限公司
Priority to AU2019373486A priority Critical patent/AU2019373486A1/en
Priority to JP2021523592A priority patent/JP7352304B2/ja
Priority to EP19879454.7A priority patent/EP3872535A4/en
Publication of WO2020087825A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020087825A1/zh
Priority to US17/302,320 priority patent/US11789175B2/en
Priority to AU2023204307A priority patent/AU2023204307A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V5/00—Prospecting or detecting by the use of ionising radiation, e.g. of natural or induced radioactivity
    • G01V5/20—Detecting prohibited goods, e.g. weapons, explosives, hazardous substances, contraband or smuggled objects
    • G01V5/22—Active interrogation, i.e. by irradiating objects or goods using external radiation sources, e.g. using gamma rays or cosmic rays
    • G01V5/226—Active interrogation, i.e. by irradiating objects or goods using external radiation sources, e.g. using gamma rays or cosmic rays using tomography

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  • the invention relates to a multi-level energy type static security inspection CT system (hereinafter referred to as a static security inspection CT system), and also relates to an imaging method adopted by the static security inspection CT system, which belongs to the field of radiation imaging technology.
  • a static security inspection CT system multi-level energy type static security inspection CT system
  • an imaging method adopted by the static security inspection CT system which belongs to the field of radiation imaging technology.
  • Existing security inspection CT systems can be divided into two categories, one is a spiral CT system based on slip ring technology, and the other is a static CT system.
  • the ray source and detector need to rotate around the measured object, and each component needs to withstand huge centrifugal force during the rotation process, which places high requirements on the design of key components, and the implementation cost and technical difficulty are very high.
  • There is no slip ring in the static CT system and there is no rotational movement of the ray source and detector relative to the detected object. It has the characteristics of fast inspection speed, low maintenance cost, and high reliability. It has been highly valued in recent years.
  • the existing static CT system still has certain deficiencies in imaging accuracy and imaging speed, and it is difficult to fully meet the requirements of the security inspection site.
  • the primary technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a multi-level energy type static security inspection CT system.
  • Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an imaging method adopted by a multi-level energy type static security CT system.
  • a multi-level energy-based static security CT system which includes at least one set of N-level image chain structures, and a luggage conveyor belt is provided inside the bottom of the N-level image chain structure.
  • the N-level image chain structure and the luggage conveyor belt are fixed at preset positions by a rack, where N is a positive integer;
  • the N-level image chain structures of each group are sequentially arranged in the forward direction of the baggage passage, and the N-level image chain structures of adjacent groups are misaligned.
  • the N-level image chain structure of each group is composed of N single-level image chain units
  • the single-level image chain units in each group of the N-level image chain structure are sequentially arranged in the forward direction of the baggage aisle, and adjacent single-level image chain units are misaligned.
  • each of the single-stage image chain units includes a multi-focus X-ray source and a detector assembly; wherein, among the multiple focal points formed by the multi-focus X-ray source, between adjacent focal points is Either one of equal-distance straight-line arrangement, equal-angle arc arrangement or equal-angle curve arrangement.
  • the lines between the two outermost focal points and the virtual rotation center are respectively located in the middle position
  • the angle formed by the line from the focal point to the virtual rotation center is not greater than 5 °, and the angle formed by the line between the two outermost focal points and the virtual rotation center is not greater than 10 °.
  • the fan angle of the ray beam corresponding to each focal point covers the edge of the luggage passage; and each of the single-stage image chain units
  • the equivalent rotation angle formed by the multi-focus X-ray source and the detector assembly is not less than 180 ° + max (theta1, theta2, theta3, ..., thetaM), where max (theta1, theta2, theta3, ..., ThetaM) is to select the largest fan angle among the fan angles at which the beams corresponding to the multiple focal points formed by the multi-focus X-ray source expand.
  • the multi-level energy type static security CT system is provided with a gate control switch for controlling the emission / stop emission of each ray tube or ray source of each of the single-stage image chain units.
  • the detector assembly includes an arc detector bracket and a plurality of detectors, and the plurality of detectors are arranged on the arc detector bracket centered on the center of the luggage passage, and more The detectors face the middle positions of the multiple focal points of the multi-focus X-ray source.
  • the detector is a combination of any one or more of a single energy detector, a dual energy sandwich detector, and a photon counting detector.
  • the detector is the single-row detector
  • the single-row detector and the focal point of the multi-focus X-ray source share an XY plane
  • the single-row detector is directly opposite to the The intermediate position of the multiple focal points of the multi-focus X-ray source
  • the detector is the multi-row detector
  • the middle-row detector in the multi-row detector and the multiple focal points of the multi-focus X-ray source share an XY plane
  • the multi-row detector Directly facing the middle position of the multiple focal points of the multi-focus X-ray source.
  • an imaging method is provided, which is implemented by the multi-level energy type static security CT system described above, and includes the following steps:
  • Baggage or parcels enter the baggage aisle, and according to the preset timing, control the focus of the multi-focus X-ray source of each single-stage image chain unit to sequentially expose, and collect the baggage or parcels through the corresponding single-stage image chain unit through the corresponding detector components Projection data at time;
  • each tomographic image is reconstructed and identified sequentially from the first tomographic image of the baggage or package.
  • the static security CT system adopts a plurality of single-level image chain units composed of a multi-focus X-ray source and a detector assembly to form an N-level image chain structure.
  • images with higher time resolution and more energy spectrum level than the spiral CT system can be generated, which improves the identification rate of contraband and the speed of luggage inspection.
  • the static security CT system has got rid of the dependence on the slip ring, the multi-focus X-ray source and detector do not need to rotate, and realize non-rotation static imaging, thereby reducing maintenance costs and improving equipment stability.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a static security CT system provided by the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is an internal structure diagram of a static security CT system provided by the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of an N-level image chain structure in a static security CT system provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the optical path of the adjacent single-stage image chain unit in the static security CT system provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the optical path of a single-stage image link unit in the static security CT system provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a structural diagram of a single-row detector in a static security CT system provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a structural diagram of a multi-row detector in a static security CT system provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart of an imaging method of a static security CT system provided by the present invention.
  • the static security CT system provided by the present invention includes a housing 1 connected in sequence, a shielding curtain 2 at the entrance, and a shielding curtain 7 at the outlet. At least one set of N-level images is provided inside the housing 1
  • the chain structure 5 is provided with a luggage conveyor belt 4 on the inner side of the bottom of the N-level image chain structure 5.
  • the N-level image chain structure 5 and the luggage conveyor belt 4 are fixed to the preset position of the static security CT system by a rack 8 to facilitate Transfer the checked baggage or parcel 3 to the N-level image chain structure 5 on the baggage conveyor belt 4, complete the projection data collection through the N-level image chain structure 5, and transmit the collected projection data to the computer to generate the checked baggage or Three-dimensional tomographic image of package 3.
  • each group of N-level image chain structures 5 is composed of N single-level image chain units.
  • N is a positive integer, and the value range is preferably between 10 and 30.
  • each group of N-level image chain structures 5 is a 5-level image chain structure composed of 5 single-level image chain units.
  • the 5-level image chain structures include: Single-level image chain unit 5-1, single-level image chain unit 5-2, single-level image chain unit 5-3, single-level image chain unit 5-4 and single-level image chain unit 5-5.
  • the single-level image chain units in each group of N-level image chain structures 5 are sequentially arranged in the direction of the baggage passage, and are adjacent Single-stage image chain units can be misaligned at the same or different angles, that is, adjacent single-stage image chain units need to be staggered by a certain angle ⁇ (such as single-stage image chain unit 5-1 and single-stage image chain unit 5- Stagger angle between 2).
  • the first single-level image chain unit is arranged at the position of 0 °, and the second single-level image chain unit is circumferentially offset from the first single-level image chain unit by an angle ⁇ ,
  • the third single-level image chain unit is offset from the second single-level image chain unit by an angle ⁇ in the circumferential direction, and so on.
  • the selection of the offset angle ⁇ between adjacent single-level image chain units and the number of single-level image chain units of each group of N-level image chain structures needs to be adjusted according to actual imaging needs.
  • each group of N-level image chain structures 5 are sequentially arranged in the direction of the baggage passage, and adjacent groups of N-level image chain structures 5 may be the same or The different angles are misaligned, that is, the adjacent groups of N-level image chain structures 5 need to be offset by a certain angle. Among them, the selection of the offset angle between the adjacent groups of N-level image chain structures 5 and the number of groups of N-level image chain structures needs to be adjusted according to the actual imaging requirements.
  • each single-stage image chain unit includes a multi-focus X-ray source 9 and a detector assembly 10.
  • the multi-focus X-ray source 9 can be packaged by M ray tubes as a whole ray source. M is a positive integer, and the value range is preferably between 2 and 24.
  • the multi-focus X-ray source 9 can also be assembled from multiple small ray sources into one assembly. Among the multiple focal points formed by the multi-focus X-ray source 9, adjacent focal points may be arranged in a straight line at equal intervals, or may be arranged in an equal-angle circular arc or a curved line.
  • each single-level image link unit of each group of N-level image chain structures 5 since there is a virtual rotation center in the XY plane between each single-level image link unit of each group of N-level image chain structures 5, the coordinates of the virtual rotation center in the XY plane are (0, 0), each The coordinates of the virtual rotation center of each single-stage image chain unit are the same, that is, the common rotation center.
  • the coordinates of the virtual rotation center in the XY plane are (0, 0) as the center coordinates of the arc structure synthesized by each single-level image chain unit of each group of N-level image chain structures 5. Among them, as shown in FIGS.
  • the XY plane refers to the direction parallel to the width direction of the luggage conveyor belt 4 as the X axis, and the direction perpendicular to the surface of the luggage conveyor belt 4 as the Y axis to convey the luggage
  • the length direction of the belt 4 is taken as the Z axis; the plane composed of the X axis and the Y axis is the XY plane.
  • the pixels of the dual-energy interlayer detector can be directly aligned, as described later, the pixels of the low-energy detector and the pixels of the high-energy detector are aligned, so that the low energy
  • the imaging data of each pixel of the detector corresponds to the imaging data of each pixel of the high-energy detector.
  • the two outermost focal points The angle between the connection line to the virtual rotation center and the connection line between the focal point in the middle position and the virtual rotation center is not more than 5 °, and the connection line between the two outermost focal points and the virtual rotation center The angle formed is not more than 10 °.
  • the fan angles of the ray beams corresponding to the different focal points may be different. Respectively corresponding to theta1, theta2, theta3, ... thetaM. Among them, the opening angle of the ray beam corresponding to each focal point covers the edge of the luggage passage to ensure that the X-ray beam emitted by the ray tube or ray source (small ray source) corresponding to each focal point can completely cover the luggage under inspection Or parcel.
  • the multi-focus X-ray source 9 and the detector assembly 10 of each single-level image chain unit form a certain angle projection range around the object, in order to ensure that when multi-focus X-ray The source 9 emits a ray beam, and the corresponding detector assembly will receive projection data equivalent to the rotation around the object.
  • the equivalent rotation angle formed by the multi-focus X-ray source 9 and detector assembly 10 of each single-stage image chain unit is not less than 180 ° + max (theta1, theta2, theta3, ..., thetaM), so that the equivalent rotation angle formed by the multi-focus X-ray source 9 and the detector assembly satisfies the half-scan data range; max (theta1, theta2, theta3, ..., thetaM) is to select the largest fan angle among the fan angles at which the beams corresponding to the multiple focal points formed by the multi-focus X-ray source 9 expand.
  • a grid for controlling each ray tube or ray source (small ray source) of the single-level image chain unit in each group of N-level image chain structures 5 to quickly emit / stop emitting X-ray beams is also provided ⁇ ⁇ Control switch.
  • the multi-focus X-rays can be precisely controlled according to the running speed of the luggage conveyor belt 4 in this static security CT system, the number of rows of each detector component in each group of N-level image chain structure 5 and its response time
  • the exposure sequence of the different focal points of the ray source 9 (such as focal points 9-1 to 9-3) and the size of the exposure dose.
  • the detector assembly 10 includes an arc-shaped detector holder 13 and a plurality of detectors 11, and the plurality of detectors 11 are arranged in a circular-arc detector holder centered on the center of the checked baggage channel (circle center 12) 13 and the multiple detectors are facing the middle position of the multiple focal points of the multi-focus X-ray source.
  • the multi-focus X-ray scanning area formed between the multiple detectors (detector 11-1 and detector 11-N) should be large enough to cover the entire luggage passage 15 under inspection.
  • the detector 11 may be any one or a combination of a single energy detector, a dual energy sandwich detector, and a photon counting detector.
  • a dual-energy interlayer detector which is a high-low energy detector; as shown in FIG. 6, each high-low energy detector consists of a low-energy detector 111 located at the upper layer and a lower-energy detector located at the lower layer.
  • High-energy detector 112 when the checked baggage or parcel 3 passes through the baggage conveyor belt 4 from the goods inlet and passes through a group of N-level image chain structure of each single-level image chain unit, each single-level image chain unit will The focus X-ray source 9 emits fan-shaped X-ray beams in time sequence, and the high and low energy detectors of the detector assembly 10 corresponding to each single-stage image chain unit will receive the X-ray beam after attenuation by the cargo. Contains low-energy and high-energy X-ray spectroscopy. The low-energy and high-energy detectors in the detector assembly 10 respectively receive corresponding X-ray signal data and transmit the data to the background computer. Each checked baggage or parcel will receive an N-level image chain The data collected by the structure is processed by a predetermined algorithm to generate a three-dimensional tomographic image of the luggage or package.
  • the detectors in the detector assembly 10 may be single-row or multi-row detectors.
  • a single-row detector can be selected.
  • the single-row detector and the focal point of the multi-focus X-ray source share the XY plane, and the single-row detector is facing the multi-focus X
  • the intermediate position of the multiple focal points of the light ray source when the imaging range is large, multiple rows of detector devices can be selected.
  • the middle row detector and the multiple focal points of the multi-focus X-ray source in the multi-row detector share the XY plane, and
  • the multi-row detector is directly in the middle of the multiple focal points of the multi-focus X-ray source.
  • the static security CT system further includes a high-voltage generator 6 for supplying high voltage to each multi-focus X-ray source.
  • a high-voltage generator 6 for supplying high voltage to each multi-focus X-ray source.
  • the high voltage emitted by the high-voltage generator 6 is controlled so that each multi-focus X-ray
  • the ray sources are at different operating voltages, and thus the static security CT system can complete dual-energy imaging, triple-energy imaging or multi-energy imaging.
  • the dual-energy sandwich detector can also be used to implement the dual-energy imaging of the static security CT system. For example, the same voltage value is used for the high and low-energy detectors to achieve dual-energy imaging of the static security CT system; Alternatively, a photon counting detector is used as the detector component to realize the multi-energy imaging of the static security inspection CT system.
  • the imaging method adopted by the static security CT system provided by the present invention includes the following steps:
  • Step S1 Baggage or parcel enters the baggage passage, according to the preset timing, controls the focus of the multi-focus X-ray source of each single-stage image chain unit to be sequentially exposed, and collects the package through the corresponding detector component through each single-stage image chain Projection data for the unit.
  • each group of N-level The number of rows of each detector component in the image chain structure 5 and its response time, the exposure of the focal point in the multi-focus X-ray source of each single-stage image chain unit in each group of N-level image chain structures 5 is controlled by a gate control switch The order and the size of the exposure dose.
  • the exposure of the focal points in the multi-focus X-ray source of each single-stage image chain unit is successively Sequentially, through the gate control switch, one ray tube or ray source in the multi-focus X-ray source of each single-stage image chain unit can be controlled to emit rays simultaneously.
  • the focus in the multi-focus X-ray source of each single-stage image chain unit can be controlled to be sequentially exposed by the gate control switch, and the focus in the multi-focus X-ray source of each single-stage image chain unit is projected to the corresponding after exposure On the detector component of the camera, so as to collect the projection data of the luggage or package passing through each single-stage image chain unit through the corresponding detector component.
  • the projection data collected by the detector components of each single-stage image chain unit will be transmitted to the background computer.
  • Step S2 When the baggage or package reaches the last single-level image chain unit of each group of N-level image chain structures, the tomographic images are reconstructed and identified sequentially from the first tomographic image of the baggage or package.
  • each tomographic image is sequentially passed through the current group of N-level image chain structure by the tomographic position corresponding to the baggage or package After all the single-level image chain units of the, reconstruct the projection data of the fault position collected by each single-level image chain unit to form a tomographic image corresponding to the fault position.
  • each single-level image chain unit of the current group of N-level image chain structure has completed the projection data of the fault position of the luggage or package head Acquisition, therefore, the first tomographic image corresponding to the tomographic position of the luggage or parcel head can be reconstructed according to the collected projection data, and the identification program pre-installed by the computer (for example, image recognition commonly used in existing security inspection equipment Procedures, etc.), and based on the attenuation coefficient, electron density, and equivalent atomic number of the first tomographic image, identify the reconstructed first tomographic image to determine whether there are prohibited items in the tomographic image.
  • the identification program pre-installed by the computer
  • the first tomographic image reconstruction and recognition methods are used to sequentially check the baggage. Or other tomographic images of the package are sequentially reconstructed and identified.
  • the background computer can use analytical reconstruction algorithm or iterative reconstruction algorithm to reconstruct each tomographic image of baggage or parcel; the background computer can also use analytical and iterative hybrid reconstruction algorithm to reconstruct each tomographic image of baggage or parcel. .
  • the analytical reconstruction algorithm reconstructs each tomographic image of luggage or parcel; for the implementation process of the analytical reconstruction algorithm, please refer to the paper "Optimization Iteration Method of X-ray Dual-energy Computer Tomography Projection Decomposition” (published in “Optics” Journal, 2017, 10: 365-374), Xiangyang, Tang, and others ’paper”
  • CB-FBP three-dimensional-weighted cone beam filtered backprojection
  • step S2 is used to continue Remaining tomographic images that have not been reconstructed and identified in the package are sequentially reconstructed and identified.
  • the static security CT system adopts a plurality of single-level image chain units composed of a multi-focus X-ray source and a detector assembly to form an N-level image chain structure.
  • images with higher time resolution and more energy spectrum level than the spiral CT system can be generated, which improves the identification rate of contraband and the speed of luggage inspection.
  • the static security CT system has got rid of the dependence on the slip ring, the multi-focus X-ray source and detector do not need to rotate, and realize non-rotation static imaging, thereby reducing maintenance costs and improving equipment stability.

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Abstract

一种多级能量型静态安检CT系统，包括至少一组N级影像链结构（5），N级影像链结构（5）底部的内侧设置有行李传输带（4），N级影像链结构（5）和行李传输带（4）通过机架（8）固定在预设位置上；各组N级影像链结构（5）在行李通道的前进方向上依次顺序布置，并且，相邻N级影像链结构（5）之间错位布局。该静态安检CT系统通过N级影像链结构（5）中不同时序射线源的曝光，可以生成比螺旋CT系统具有更高时间分辨率、更多能谱级别的图像，提高了违禁品的识别率以及行李检查速度。还提供一种通过该静态安检CT系统实现的成像方法。

Description

一种多级能量型静态安检CT系统及成像方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种多级能量型静态安检CT系统(以下简称静态安检CT系统)，同时也涉及该静态安检CT系统所采用的成像方法，属于辐射成像技术领域。
背景技术
现有的安检CT系统可以分为两类，一类是基于滑环技术的螺旋CT系统，另一类是静态CT系统。在螺旋CT系统中，射线源和探测器需要围绕被测物体旋转，旋转过程中各部件需要承受巨大的离心力，这对关键部件的设计提出了很高的要求，实施成本和技术难度都很高。静态CT系统中没有滑环，射线源和探测器不存在相对被检测物体的旋转运动，具有检查速度快、维修成本低，可靠性高等特点，近年来受到高度重视。但是，现有的静态CT系统在成像精度及成像速度等方面还存在一定的不足，难以充分满足安检现场的要求。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的首要技术问题在于提供一种多级能量型静态安检CT系统。
本发明所要解决的另一技术问题在于提供一种多级能量型静态安检CT系统采用的成像方法。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用下述的技术方案：
根据本发明实施例的第一方面，提供一种多级能量型静态安检CT系统，包括至少一组N级影像链结构，所述N级影像链结构底部的内侧设置有行李传输带，所述N级影像链结构和所述行李传输带通过机架固定在预设位置上，其中N为正整数；
各组所述N级影像链结构在行李通道的前进方向上依次顺序布置，并且，相邻组所述N级影像链结构之间错位布局。
其中较优地，每组所述N级影像链结构由N个单级影像链单元组成；
每组所述N级影像链结构中的各所述单级影像链单元在行李通道 的前进方向上依次顺序布置，并且，相邻所述单级影像链单元之间错位布局。
其中较优地，每个所述单级影像链单元包括多焦点X光射线源和探测器组件；其中，所述多焦点X光射线源所形成的多个焦点中，相邻焦点之间为等间距直线排布、等角度圆弧式排布或者等角度曲线式排布中的任意一种。
其中较优地，对于同一个所述单级影像链单元，所述多焦点X光射线源所形成的多焦点中，位于最外侧的两个焦点到虚拟旋转中心的连线分别与位于中间位置的焦点到虚拟旋转中心的连线之间所形成的夹角不大于5°，并且，位于最外侧的两个焦点到虚拟旋转中心的连线所形成的夹角不大于10°。
其中较优地，所述多焦点X光射线源所形成的多个焦点中，与每个焦点对应的射线束张开的扇角覆盖行李通道的边缘；并且，各所述单级影像链单元的所述多焦点X光射线源和所述探测器组件形成的等效旋转角度不低于180°+max(theta1，theta2，theta3，…，thetaM)，其中，max(theta1，theta2，theta3，…，thetaM)为在与所述多焦点X光射线源所形成的多个焦点对应的射线束张开的扇角中选取最大的扇角。
其中较优地，所述多级能量型静态安检CT系统中设置有用于控制各所述单级影像链单元的每个射线管或射线源发射/停止发射的栅控开关。
其中较优地，所述探测器组件包括圆弧形探测器支架和多个探测器，多个所述探测器布置在以行李通道的中心为圆心的所述圆弧探测器支架上，并且多个所述探测器正对所述多焦点X光射线源的多个焦点的中间位置。
其中较优地，所述探测器为单能探测器、双能夹层探测器、光子计数探测器中任意一种或多种的组合。
其中较优地，当所述探测器为所述单排探测器时，所述单排探测器与所述多焦点X光射线源的焦点共XY平面，并且所述单排探测器正对所述多焦点X光射线源的多个焦点的中间位置；
当所述探测器为所述多排探测器时，所述多排探测器中的中间排 探测器与所述多焦点X光射线源的多个焦点共XY平面，并且所述多排探测器正对所述多焦点X光射线源的多个焦点的中间位置。
根据本发明实施例的第二方面，提供一种成像方法，通过上述的多级能量型静态安检CT系统实现，包括如下步骤：
行李或包裹进入行李通道，按照预设时序，控制各单级影像链单元的多焦点X光射线源中的焦点依次曝光，并通过对应的探测器组件采集行李或包裹经过各单级影像链单元时的投影数据；
当所述行李或包裹到达每组N级影像链结构的最后一个单级影像链单元时，从行李或包裹的第一个断层图像开始，依次对各断层图像进行重建和识别。
本发明所提供的静态安检CT系统，采用多个由多焦点X光射线源和探测器组件组成的单级影像链单元，构成N级影像链结构。通过N级影像链结构中不同时序射线源的曝光，可以生成比螺旋CT系统具有更高时间分辨率、更多能谱级别的图像，提高了违禁品的识别率以及行李检查速度。另一方面，本静态安检CT系统摆脱了对滑环的依赖，多焦点X光射线源和探测器不需要旋转，实现了无旋转静态成像，从而降低了维护成本，提高了设备稳定性。
附图说明
图1为本发明所提供的静态安检CT系统的剖面图；
图2为本发明所提供的静态安检CT系统的内部结构图；
图3为本发明所提供的静态安检CT系统中，N级影像链结构的结构图；
图4为本发明所提供的静态安检CT系统中，相邻单级影像链单元的光路示意图；
图5为本发明所提供的静态安检CT系统中，单级影像链单元的光路示意图；
图6为本发明所提供的静态安检CT系统中，单排探测器的结构图；
图7为本发明所提供的静态安检CT系统中，多排探测器的结构图；
图8为本发明所提供的静态安检CT系统的成像方法流程图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明的技术内容做进一步的详细 说明。
如图1和图2所示，本发明所提供的静态安检CT系统包括依次连接的外壳1、进货口屏蔽帘2及出货口屏蔽帘7，在外壳1内部设置有至少一组N级影像链结构5，在N级影像链结构5底部的内侧设置有行李传输带4，N级影像链结构5和行李传输带4通过机架8固定在本静态安检CT系统的预设位置上，以便于行李传输带4将被检行李或包裹3运送至N级影像链结构5，通过N级影像链结构5完成投影数据的采集，并将所采集的投影数据传输至计算机生成该被检行李或包裹3的三维断层图像。
其中，每组N级影像链结构5由N个单级影像链单元组成。N为正整数，取值范围优选为10～30之间。例如，假设在本静态安检CT系统中，每组N级影像链结构5为由5个单级影像链单元组成的5级影像链结构，如图3所示，该5级影像链结构分别包括单级影像链单元5-1、单级影像链单元5-2、单级影像链单元5-3、单级影像链单元5-4及单级影像链单元5-5。
如图4所示，为了实现不同行李或包裹的多个扫描视角需求，每组N级影像链结构5中的各单级影像链单元在行李通道的前进方向上依次顺序布置，并且，相邻单级影像链单元之间可以以相同或不同的角度错位布局，即相邻单级影像链单元之间需要错开一定角度θ(如单级影像链单元5-1与单级影像链单元5-2之间错开角度θ)。例如，每组N级影像链结构5中，第一个单级影像链单元布置在0°位置，第二个单级影像链单元相对于第一个单级影像链单元沿圆周方向错开角度θ，第三个单级影像链单元相对于第二个单级影像链单元沿圆周方向错开角度θ，依次类推下去……。其中，相邻单级影像链单元之间错开的角度θ和每组N级影像链结构的单级影像链单元的数量的选择需要根据实际成像需求调整。例如，根据每组N级影像链结构5的各个单级影像链单元所形成一定角度的围绕物体旋转的投影范围(围绕物体旋转的角度)，调整每组N级影像链结构中相邻单级影像链单元之间错开的角度θ和单级影像链单元的数量。
同样，为了满足不同行李或包裹的多角度成像需求，各组N级影像链结构5在行李通道的前进方向上依次顺序布置，并且，相邻组N 级影像链结构5之间可以以相同或不同的角度错位布局，即相邻组N级影像链结构5之间需要错开一定角度。其中，相邻组N级影像链结构5之间错开的角度和N级影像链结构的组数的选择需要根据实际成像需求调整。
如图5所示，每个单级影像链单元包括多焦点X光射线源9和探测器组件10。多焦点X光射线源9可以由M个射线管封装成一个整体射线源。M为正整数，取值范围优选为2～24之间。多焦点X光射线源9也可以由多个小射线源装配成一个组件。其中，多焦点X光射线源9所形成的多个焦点中，相邻焦点之间可以成等间距直线排布，还可以成等角度圆弧式或曲线式排布。
具体地说，由于每组N级影像链结构5的各单级影像链单元之间在XY平面内存在一个虚拟旋转中心，该虚拟旋转中心在XY平面内的坐标为(0，0)，每个单级影像链单元的虚拟旋转中心坐标相同，即共用旋转中心。虚拟旋转中心在XY平面内的坐标为(0，0)为每组N级影像链结构5的各单级影像链单元所围合成的弧形结构的圆心坐标。其中，如图1和图2所示，XY平面指的是，以与行李传输带4宽度方向平行的方向作为X轴，以垂直于行李传输带4表面向上的方向作为Y轴，以行李传输带4长度方向作为Z轴；由X轴与Y轴所组成的平面即为XY平面。
为了保证本静态安检CT系统的成像视野足够大(FOV足够大)，使得每个单级影像链单元的多焦点X光射线源9的多个焦点能够共用同一个探测器组件，并且还保证本静态安检CT系统实现双能成像时，双能夹层探测器的像素能正对位，如后面所述的高低能探测器的低能探测器的像素与高能探测器的像素正对位，以使得低能探测器各像素的成像数据与高能探测器各像素的成像数据一一对应，对于同一个单级影像链单元，多焦点X光射线源9所形成的多焦点中，位于最外侧的两个焦点到虚拟旋转中心的连线分别与位于中间位置的焦点到虚拟旋转中心的连线之间所形成的夹角不大于5°，并且，位于最外侧的两个焦点到虚拟旋转中心的连线所形成的夹角不大于10°。
多焦点X光射线源9所形成的多个焦点中，由于不同焦点对应的射线管或射线源(小射线源)的位置不同，因此不同焦点对应的射线 束张开的扇角可能不同，可以分别对应表示theta1，theta2，theta3，……thetaM。其中，与每个焦点对应的射线束张开的扇角覆盖行李通道的边缘，以保证与每个焦点对应的射线管或射线源(小射线源)发射的X射线束能够完全覆盖被检行李或包裹。另外，每组N级影像链结构5中，各单级影像链单元的多焦点X光射线源9和探测器组件10形成一定角度的围绕物体旋转的投影范围，为了保证当多焦点X光射线源9发射射线束，对应的探测器组件将接受等效围绕物体旋转的投影数据，各单级影像链单元的多焦点X光射线源9和探测器组件10形成的等效旋转角度不低于180°+max(theta1，theta2，theta3，…，thetaM)，从而使得多焦点X光射线源9和探测器组件形成的等效旋转角度满足半扫描的数据范围；max(theta1，theta2，theta3，…，thetaM)为在与多焦点X光射线源9所形成的多个焦点对应的射线束张开的扇角中选取最大的扇角。
在本静态安检CT系统中，还设置有用于控制每组N级影像链结构5中单级影像链单元的每个射线管或射线源(小射线源)快速发射/停止发射X射线束的栅控开关。利用该栅控开关，可以根据本静态安检CT系统中的行李传输带4的运行速度、每组N级影像链结构5中各探测器组件的排数及其响应时间，精确控制多焦点X光射线源9的不同焦点(如焦点9-1～9-3)的曝光先后顺序和曝光剂量的大小。
如图5所示，探测器组件10包括圆弧形探测器支架13和多个探测器11，多个探测器11布置在以托运行李通道的中心为圆心(圆心12)的圆弧探测器支架13上，并且多个探测器正对多焦点X光射线源的多个焦点的中间位置。多个探测器(探测器11-1和探测器11-N)之间所形成的多焦点X光扫描区域应该足够大到覆盖整个被检行李通道15。
其中，探测器11可以为单能探测器、双能夹层探测器、光子计数探测器中任意一种或多种的组合。例如，假设探测器采用的是双能夹层探测器，该双能夹层探测器为高低能探测器；如图6所示，每个高低能探测器由位于上层的低能探测器111和位于下层的高能探测器112组成；当被检行李或包裹3从进货口通过行李传输带4依次通过某一组N级影像链结构的各个单级影像链单元时，每个单级影像链单 元都会从多焦点X射线源9中按时序发出扇形X射线束，对应每个单级影像链单元的探测器组件10的高低能探测器就会接收到通过货物衰减后的X射线束，该X射线束中含有低能和高能X光谱，探测器组件10中的低能和高能探测器分别接收对应的X光信号数据，并将该数据传输到后台计算机，每一个被检行李或包裹都会得到来自N级影像链结构所采集的数据，通过预定的算法处理将其生成该行李或包裹的三维断层图像。
根据成像范围的需求，探测器组件10中的探测器可以是单排或多排探测器。如图6所示，当成像范围较小时，可以选取单排探测器，此时，该单排探测器与多焦点X光射线源的焦点共XY平面，并且单排探测器正对多焦点X光射线源的多个焦点的中间位置。如图7所示，当成像范围较大时，可以选取多排探测器件，此时，该多排探测器中的中间排探测器和多焦点X光射线源的多个焦点共XY平面，并且多排探测器正对多焦点X光射线源的多个焦点的中间位置。
如图2所示，本静态安检CT系统还包括高压发生器6，用于给每个多焦点X光射线源提供高压。当探测器组件10中的探测器采用单能探测器时，由于每个多焦点X光射线源的工作电压可以是不同的电压，控制高压发生器6发射的高压，使得每个多焦点X光射线源处于不同的工作电压，进而可以实现本静态安检CT系统完成双能成像，三能成像或多能成像。除此之外，还可以将探测器采用双能夹层探测器实现本静态安检CT系统完成双能成像，例如，采用高低能探测器采用同一电压值，实现本静态安检CT系统完成双能成像；或者，将探测器组件采用光子计数探测器实现本静态安检CT系统完成多能成像。
以上具体描述了本发明所提供的静态安检CT系统的结构，下面详细说明本发明所提供的静态安检CT系统采用的成像方法。
如图8所示，本发明所提供的静态安检CT系统采用的成像方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤S1：行李或包裹进入行李通道，按照预设时序，控制各单级影像链单元的多焦点X光射线源中的焦点依次曝光，并通过对应的探测器组件采集包裹经过各单级影像链单元时的投影数据。
当行李或包裹从进货口通过行李传输带4依次通过某一组N级影 像链结构的各个单级影像链单元时，根据本静态安检CT系统的行李传输带4的运行速度、每组N级影像链结构5中各探测器组件的排数及其响应时间，通过栅控开关控制每组N级影像链结构5中的各单级影像链单元的多焦点X光射线源中的焦点的曝光先后顺序和曝光剂量的大小。
由于各单级影像链单元的多焦点X光射线源每次只有一个射线管或射线源能够发射射线束，因此，按照各单级影像链单元的多焦点X光射线源中的焦点的曝光先后顺序，通过栅控开关可以一次控制各单级影像链单元的多焦点X光射线源中的一个射线管或射线源同时发射射线束。这样，通过栅控开关即可控制各单级影像链单元的多焦点X光射线源中的焦点依次曝光，每个单级影像链单元的多焦点X光射线源中的焦点曝光后投影到对应的探测器组件上，从而通过对应的探测器组件采集行李或包裹经过各单级影像链单元时的投影数据。各单级影像链单元的探测器组件采集的投影数据会传输到后台计算机。
步骤S2：当行李或包裹到达每组N级影像链结构的最后一个单级影像链单元时，从行李或包裹的第一个断层图像开始，依次对各断层图像进行重建和识别。
由于一个行李或包裹的三维断层图像由多个断层图像组成，并且，每个行李或包裹的三维断层图像中，每个断层图像由行李或包裹对应的断层位置依次经过当前组N级影像链结构的所有单级影像链单元后，将各单级影像链单元所采集的该断层位置的投影数据进行重建，形成的与该断层位置对应的断层图像。
当行李或包裹到达每组N级影像链结构的最后一个单级影像链单元时，当前组N级影像链结构的各单级影像链单元已完成对行李或包裹头部断层位置的投影数据的采集，因此，可以根据所采集的投影数据，实现对行李或包裹头部断层位置对应的第一断层图像的重建，并通过计算机预先安装的识别程序(例如为现有安检设备中常用的图像识别程序等)，并根据第一断层图像的衰减系数、电子密度、等效原子序数，对所重建的第一断层图像进行识别，以判断该断层图像中是否有违禁物品存在。随着行李或包裹的行进，行李或包裹的多个断层位置依次通过每组N级影像链结构的最后一个单级影像链单元，此时， 采用第一断层图像的重建和识别方法依次对行李或包裹的其它断层图像依次进行重建和识别。
需要强调的是，后台计算机可以采用解析重建算法或迭代重建算法对行李或包裹的每一个断层图像进行重建；后台计算机还可以采用解析和迭代混合重建算法对行李或包裹的每一个断层图像进行重建。其中，当每组N级影像链结构的单级影像链单元的个数与每个单级影像链单元的多焦点射线源的焦点数的乘积较大时，如该乘积大于720时，优选采用解析重建算法对行李或包裹的每一个断层图像进行重建；关于解析重建算法的实现过程可以参见李保磊等人的论文《X射线双能计算机层析成像投影分解的优化迭代方法》(刊载于《光学学报》，2017，10：365-374)、Xiangyang Tang等人的论文《A three-dimensional-weighted cone beam filtered backprojection(CB-FBP)algorithm for image reconstruction in volumetric CT—helical scanning》(刊载于《Phys Med Bio》，51(2006)855–874)。
每组N级影像链结构的单级影像链单元的个数与每个单级影像链单元的多焦点射线源的焦点数的乘积较小时，如该乘积小于360时，优选采用迭代重建算法对行李或包裹的每一个断层图像进行重建。关于迭代重建算法的实现过程，可以参见Ruoqiao Zhang等人的论文《Model-Based Iterative Reconstruction for Dual-Energy X-Ray CT Using a Joint Quadratic Likelihood Model》(刊载于《IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging》，2014，33:117-134)。
当每组N级影像链结构的单级影像链单元的个数与每个单级影像链单元的多焦点射线源的焦点数的乘积，在360～720之间时，优选采用解析和迭代混合重建算法对行李或包裹的每一个断层图像进行重建；关于解析和迭代混合重建算法的实现过程，可以参见Mengfei Li等人的论文《Accurate iterative FBP reconstruction method for material decomposition of dual energy CT》(刊载于《IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging》，2018)。
当行李或包裹离开每组N级影像链结构的最后一个单级影像链单元后，完成当前组N级影像链结构对行李或包裹投影数据的采集，采 用步骤S2的方法，继续对当前行李或包裹中未进行重建和识别的余下断层图像，依次进行断层图像的重建和识别。
当完成整个行李或包裹的各断层图像的重建和识别后，如果识别出该行李或包裹中可能存在违禁物品，即给出报警信息，以便于安检人员进行后续的开包检验工作。
本发明所提供的静态安检CT系统，采用多个由多焦点X光射线源和探测器组件组成的单级影像链单元，构成N级影像链结构。通过N级影像链结构中不同时序射线源的曝光，可以生成比螺旋CT系统具有更高时间分辨率、更多能谱级别的图像，提高了违禁品的识别率以及行李检查速度。另一方面，本静态安检CT系统摆脱了对滑环的依赖，多焦点X光射线源和探测器不需要旋转，实现了无旋转静态成像，从而降低了维护成本，提高了设备稳定性。
以上对本发明所提供的多级能量型静态安检CT系统及成像方法进行了详细的说明。对本领域的一般技术人员而言，在不背离本发明实质精神的前提下对它所做的任何显而易见的改动，都将属于本发明专利权的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种多级能量型静态安检CT系统，其特征在于包括至少一组N级影像链结构，所述N级影像链结构底部的内侧设置有行李传输带，所述N级影像链结构和所述行李传输带通过机架固定在预设位置上，其中N为正整数；
    各组所述N级影像链结构在行李通道的前进方向上依次顺序布置，并且，相邻组所述N级影像链结构之间错位布局。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的多级能量型静态安检CT系统，其特征在于：
    每组所述N级影像链结构由N个单级影像链单元组成；
    每组所述N级影像链结构中的各所述单级影像链单元在行李通道的前进方向上依次顺序布置，并且，相邻所述单级影像链单元之间错位布局。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的多级能量型静态安检CT系统，其特征在于：
    每个所述单级影像链单元包括多焦点X光射线源和探测器组件；其中，所述多焦点X光射线源所形成的多个焦点中，相邻焦点之间为等间距直线排布、等角度圆弧式排布或者等角度曲线式排布中的任意一种。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的多级能量型静态安检CT系统，其特征在于：
    对于同一个所述单级影像链单元，所述多焦点X光射线源所形成的多焦点中，位于最外侧的两个焦点到虚拟旋转中心的连线分别与位于中间位置的焦点到虚拟旋转中心的连线之间所形成的夹角不大于5°，并且，位于最外侧的两个焦点到虚拟旋转中心的连线所形成的夹角不大于10°。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的多级能量型静态安检CT系统，其特征在于：
    所述多焦点X光射线源所形成的多个焦点中，与每个焦点对应的射线束张开的扇角覆盖行李通道的边缘；并且，各所述单级影像链单 元的所述多焦点X光射线源和所述探测器组件形成的等效旋转角度不低于180°+max(theta1，theta2，theta3，…，thetaM)，其中，max(theta1，theta2，theta3，…，thetaM)为在与所述多焦点X光射线源所形成的多个焦点对应的射线束张开的扇角中选取最大的扇角。
  6. 如权利要求2所述的多级能量型静态安检CT系统，其特征在于：
    所述多级能量型静态安检CT系统中设置有用于控制各所述单级影像链单元的射线管或射线源发射/停止发射的栅控开关。
  7. 如权利要求3所述的多级能量型静态安检CT系统，其特征在于：
    所述探测器组件包括圆弧形探测器支架和多个探测器，多个所述探测器布置在以行李通道的中心为圆心的所述圆弧探测器支架上，并且多个所述探测器正对所述多焦点X光射线源的多个焦点的中间位置。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的多级能量型静态安检CT系统，其特征在于：
    所述探测器为单能探测器、双能夹层探测器、光子计数探测器中任意一种或多种的组合。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的多级能量型静态安检CT系统，其特征在于：
    当所述探测器为所述单排探测器时，所述单排探测器与所述多焦点X光射线源的焦点共XY平面，并且所述单排探测器正对所述多焦点X光射线源的多个焦点的中间位置；
    当所述探测器为所述多排探测器时，所述多排探测器中的中间排探测器与所述多焦点X光射线源的多个焦点共XY平面，并且所述多排探测器正对所述多焦点X光射线源的多个焦点的中间位置。
  10. 一种成像方法，通过权利要求1～9中任意一项所述的多级能量型静态安检CT系统实现，其特征在于包括如下步骤：
    行李或包裹进入行李通道，按照预设时序，控制各单级影像链单元的多焦点X光射线源中的焦点依次曝光，并通过对应的探测器组件采集行李或包裹经过各单级影像链单元时的投影数据；
    当所述行李或包裹到达每组N级影像链结构的最后一个单级影像链单元时，从所述行李或包裹的第一个断层图像开始，依次对各断层图像进行重建和识别。
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