WO2014092031A1 - 電極ブロック、積層電池および積層電池の組立方法 - Google Patents
電極ブロック、積層電池および積層電池の組立方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014092031A1 WO2014092031A1 PCT/JP2013/082893 JP2013082893W WO2014092031A1 WO 2014092031 A1 WO2014092031 A1 WO 2014092031A1 JP 2013082893 W JP2013082893 W JP 2013082893W WO 2014092031 A1 WO2014092031 A1 WO 2014092031A1
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- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- separator
- holding member
- battery
- hole
- Prior art date
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Images
Classifications
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- H01M50/526—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing characterised by the material having a layered structure
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrode block, a laminated battery, and a method for assembling the same, in which a cooling performance is improved and a short circuit and a contact failure are prevented.
- a battery having a wound electrode structure (a wound battery: for example, Patent Document 1) is housed in a battery case in a state where a positive electrode and a negative electrode are wound in a spiral shape with a separator interposed therebetween.
- a battery having a stacked electrode structure laminated battery: for example, Patent Document 2
- an electrode group in which positive electrodes and negative electrodes are alternately stacked via separators is housed in a battery case.
- separators having low thermal conductivity are stacked in multiple layers between the surface and the center of the battery. As a result, even when the surface temperature of the battery case is close to the ambient temperature, the central portion of the wound battery becomes considerably hot. If the temperature inside the battery becomes high, the battery performance is impaired.
- the cylindrical stacked battery described in Patent Document 2 has a structure in which the stacked electrodes are individually collected by contacting the terminals. For this reason, in the assembly process, the positive electrode and the negative electrode may be short-circuited to cause an initial failure. In addition, a separator may be interposed between the electrode and the terminal to cause poor contact. Furthermore, the electrode is repeatedly contracted and expanded by repeated charging and discharging. As a result, the electrode may be deformed / displaced, resulting in poor contact between the electrode and the terminal, resulting in aging failure.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and suppresses a temperature rise inside the battery, prevents a contact failure and prevents a short circuit between electrodes, and is easy to assemble. Providing a simple battery is a problem to be solved.
- An electrode block according to the present invention includes an electrode group in which a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode are stacked, and a lid member provided at both ends of the electrode group in the stacking direction. And a first holding member attached to an outer surface of the electrode group and the lid member, and the first holding member is electrically connected to a first electrode that is one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode Connected and not electrically connected to the second electrode which is the other electrode of the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- the “outer surface” is a surface facing the outside of the electrode group and the lid member.
- the 1st holding member attaches to the outer side of an electrode group and a cover member, hold
- the first holding member may cover the outer side of the electrode group and the lid member except for the peripheral edge of the hole of the lid member.
- the first holding member may be attached to at least the side surfaces of the electrode group and the lid member. This is because the electrode group and the lid member can be integrally held without attaching the first holding member to the surface of the lid member.
- the first holding member may be a single metal plate or may be a plurality of strip-shaped metal plates. Further, the first holding member may be a metal foil. Further, the first holding member is connected to the first electrode and functions as a current collecting terminal of the first electrode. The first electrode is connected to the first holding member with a small thermal and electrical resistance. The first holding member acts advantageously for cooling and collecting the first electrode.
- the heat generated in the first electrode is transmitted to the first holding member.
- Heat generated in the second electrode is transferred to the first electrode through one separator.
- the heat generated at the electrode is transferred to the first holding member with a small thermal resistance.
- the electrode block can easily suppress the temperature rise inside the electrode block by cooling the surface of the first holding member.
- the electrode block does not include an exterior body that houses the electrode block or a current collector for the second electrode.
- the battery includes an exterior body and a current collector for the second electrode in addition to the electrode block.
- the electrode block is one of the components of the battery.
- each of the first electrode, the second electrode, and the separator has a hole in the center, and an outer edge of the second electrode is covered with the separator, and the hole of the first electrode It is preferable that the peripheral edge of the separator is covered with the separator, the outer edge of the separator is covered with the first electrode, and the peripheral edge of the hole of the separator is covered with the second electrode. For this reason, the 1st electrode and the 2nd electrode are reliably isolated by the separator in the outer edge and the peripheral edge of a hole. Therefore, even if the electrodes are deformed, both the electrodes do not come into contact with each other at the outer edge portion and the peripheral edge portion of the hole.
- the separator is not interposed between the electrode and the terminal, so that contact failure does not occur.
- the outer diameter of the separator is larger than the outer diameter of the second electrode, and the hole diameter of the separator is smaller than the hole diameter of the first electrode.
- the outer diameter of the first electrode is larger than the outer diameter of the separator, and the hole diameter of the separator is larger than the hole diameter of the second electrode.
- the first holding member preferably has a plurality of protrusions on at least one side.
- the first holding member has a plurality of protrusions on at least one of the surface in contact with the first electrode and the surface on the opposite side.
- the plurality of protrusions bite into the first electrode, hold the first electrode firmly and maintain its shape, and ensure contact between the first electrode and the first holding member.
- the plurality of protrusions are preferably provided on at least a surface in contact with the first electrode. In this way, even if a volume change occurs in the first electrode, the plurality of protrusions prevent poor contact between the first electrode and the first holding member.
- a metal plate having a plurality of protrusions on at least one surface may be interposed between the first holding member and the first electrode.
- the first electrode is included in the first separator so that an outer edge of the first electrode is exposed to the outside of the bag-shaped first separator.
- the second electrode may be included in the second separator in such a manner that the inner edge of the hole of the second electrode is exposed to the outside of the second separator formed in a bag shape. .
- the first separator has, for example, a bag shape in which the inner edge side is bonded by welding or the like, and the first electrode is included such that the outer edge is exposed inside the bag-shaped separator.
- a first separator can be manufactured, for example, by sandwiching the first electrode between sheet-like separators and welding the inner edge sides of both separators.
- the second separator has, for example, a bag shape in which the outer edge side is bonded by welding or the like, and the inner edge, that is, the peripheral edge of the hole is exposed inside the bag-shaped separator, and the second electrode is included.
- the second separator can be manufactured, for example, by sandwiching the second electrode between sheet-like separators and welding the outer edge sides of both separators.
- the debris and foreign matter of the first electrode and the second electrode generated during the assembly process and the transport process of the electrode block are captured inside the bag-like separator, thereby preventing the occurrence of an internal short circuit.
- the first holding member has a side surface portion that contacts the side surface of the electrode block and a bent portion that is bent from the side surface portion toward the center of the lid member.
- the both ends of the lamination direction form a bending part, and a side part is located between bending parts.
- the first holding member is fixed to the outer surface of the lid member. According to this configuration, the end portion in the stacking direction of the first holding member and the outer surface of the lid member are fixed, and the electrode block has an integral structure. Since there are no bent portions, the axial dimension of the electrode block is reduced accordingly.
- the lid member has a hole in the center, and the holes of the positive electrode, the negative electrode, the separator, and the lid member form a through hole in the stacked state of the electrode group and the lid member, It is preferable that a second holding member attached to the inner surface of the through hole is further provided, and the second holding member is electrically connected to the second electrode and is not electrically connected to the first electrode. According to this configuration, the second holding member holds the electrode group together with the first holding member.
- the second holding member preferably has a plurality of protrusions on at least one side.
- at least one of the surface in contact with the second electrode and the surface on the opposite side of the second holding member may have a plurality of protrusions.
- the plurality of protrusions bite into the second electrode, hold the second electrode firmly, and ensure contact.
- the plurality of protrusions are preferably provided on at least a surface that contacts the second electrode. In this way, even if a volume change occurs in the second electrode, the plurality of protrusions prevent poor contact between the second electrode and the second holding member.
- a metal plate having a plurality of protrusions on at least one surface may be interposed between the second holding member and the second electrode.
- the laminated battery according to the present invention includes the electrode block, a cylindrical exterior body that houses the electrode block, and a current collector that penetrates the through hole of the electrode block, and the first electrode is the It is preferable that the second electrode is electrically connected to the outer body and the second electrode is electrically connected to the current collector.
- the exterior body functions as a current collecting terminal for the first electrode.
- the first holding member of the electrode block is in direct contact with the inner surface of the outer package or is in contact with the conductive member. Accordingly, the first electrode and the exterior body are connected to the exterior body with a small thermal and electrical resistance via the first holding member, and effectively act on cooling and current collection of the first electrode.
- the whole or part of the inner edge of the hole of the second electrode through which the current collector passes is in direct contact with the current collector or connected via a conductive member such as a metal plate.
- the heat generated in the second electrode is transferred to the first electrode through the separator, and is transferred to the exterior body with a small thermal resistance.
- the laminated battery of the present invention does not need to be provided with a pipe or a heat sink for allowing a coolant to flow inside the battery in order to suppress an increase in temperature inside the battery. Therefore, the present laminated battery has a compact structure. Moreover, this laminated battery can suppress the temperature rise inside a battery easily by cooling the surface of an exterior body.
- the electrode block accommodated in the exterior body may be one or plural.
- the battery capacity can be easily changed by adjusting the number of electrode blocks.
- the electrode blocks are structurally connected in series.
- the first electrode is electrically connected via the exterior body
- the second electrode is electrically connected via the current collector.
- a plurality of electrode blocks are electrically connected in parallel.
- the laminated battery of the present invention by laminating a plurality of electrode blocks on the exterior body, the plus terminals and minus terminals of adjacent electrode blocks can be electrically connected. That is, it is a simple series connection in terms of structure, and a simple parallel connection electrically. In this way, the capacity of the laminated battery can be easily increased.
- the current collector preferably includes a conductive core rod and a structural material that covers an outer periphery of the core rod.
- a highly conductive material for the core bar and a material resistant to alkali as the structural material, a current collector having high conductivity and resistance to alkali can be obtained.
- the laminated battery further includes a sealing lid that closes the opening of the exterior body, and the sealing lid has two annular grooves formed on an outer periphery thereof, and an O-ring is attached to the annular groove.
- a sealing material is provided between the annular grooves. According to this configuration, leakage of the electrolyte in the laminated battery is suppressed by the O-ring and the sealing material provided on the sealing lid that closes the opening at the axial end of the exterior body.
- a plurality of heat sinks are attached to the outer peripheral surface of the outer package along the axial direction of the outer package. According to this configuration, the cooling performance of the laminated battery is improved.
- the laminated battery further includes a through bolt that penetrates the heat radiating plate.
- a heat sink, an exterior body, and a 1st electrode are electrically connected by a through bolt.
- the through bolt functions as a terminal of the first electrode.
- the assembled battery according to the present invention includes a plurality of stacked batteries, a first connection member that connects the through bolts of the adjacent stacked batteries to each other, and a second that connects the current collectors of the adjacent stacked batteries to each other.
- a plurality of stacked batteries are electrically connected by the first connection member and the second connection member. According to this configuration, the plurality of stacked batteries are electrically connected in parallel by the connecting member.
- An assembled battery according to the present invention includes a plurality of stacked batteries, a third connecting member that connects the through bolts of one of the adjacent stacked batteries, and the current collector of the other stacked battery, A plurality of the stacked batteries are electrically connected by the third connecting member. According to this configuration, the plurality of stacked batteries can be electrically connected in series by the connecting member.
- the temperature rise inside the battery can be suppressed, and contact failure can be prevented while preventing a short circuit between the electrodes.
- Battery assembly is also simplified.
- FIG. 9 is a side view of the laminated battery including a cross section taken along line IX-IX in FIG.
- FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of the end of FIG. 9. It is the perspective view which notched the edge part of the exterior body of a laminated battery. It is sectional drawing of the edge part of the exterior body of a laminated battery. It is the perspective view which notched some current collectors of the laminated battery. It is explanatory drawing which shows the outline of the manufacturing process of the electrical power collector of a laminated battery.
- the type of the secondary battery is not limited to the type described below, and may be a secondary battery such as a nickel zinc battery, a manganese dioxide battery, a zinc manganese battery, or a nickel cadmium battery.
- Secondary battery type> [1-1. About Nickel Metal Hydride Battery]
- a paste obtained by adding a solvent to a hydrogen storage alloy, a conductive filler, and a binder, applied onto a substrate, molded into a plate shape, and cured was used.
- a paste obtained by adding a solvent to nickel oxyhydroxide, a conductive filler, and a binder, applied onto a substrate, molded into a plate shape, and cured was used.
- Carbon particles were used as the conductive filler.
- a thermoplastic resin that is soluble in a water-soluble solvent was used.
- a nickel foam sheet was used.
- polypropylene fiber was used.
- electrolytic solution a KOH aqueous solution was used.
- a negative electrode mixes lithium titanate, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), and ketjen black (KB), and adjusts a slurry-like mixture.
- the mixture can be applied onto a stainless steel foil, temporarily dried, and then heat-treated to obtain a negative electrode.
- lithium iron phosphate, CMC, activated carbon, and KB are mixed to prepare a slurry mixture.
- the mixture can be applied on a stainless steel foil, temporarily dried, and then heat-treated to obtain a positive electrode.
- a polypropylene microporous film can be used as the separator.
- As the electrolytic solution 1 mol / L LiPF6 / EC: DEC can be used.
- KB can be used as the conductive agent.
- CMC can be used as the binder.
- Stainless steel can be used for the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the current collector.
- FIG. 1A shows a schematic perspective view of an electrode block according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1B shows a schematic sectional view in the axial direction of the electrode block.
- the electrode block 21 includes an electrode group 23, a lid member 24, a first holding member 22a, and a second holding member 22b.
- the electrode group 23 is formed by laminating a positive electrode 23a and a negative electrode 23b with a bag-shaped separator 23c interposed therebetween.
- the electrode group 23 is sandwiched between the lid members 24 at both ends in the stacking direction (X direction in FIG. 1B).
- the positive electrode 23a, the negative electrode 23b, the bag-like separator 23c, and the lid member 24 are all discs having a hole in the center, and are concentrically stacked.
- the lid member 24 is polypropylene but may be other resin as long as it has an insulating property.
- the positive and negative electrodes 23a and 23b are covered with a bag-shaped separator.
- FIG. 2A shows a cross-sectional view of an electrode included in a separator formed in a bag shape.
- FIG. 2A shows one positive electrode 23a and one negative electrode 23b for simplicity.
- the positive electrode 23a is wrapped in a bag-like separator 23ca except for the outer edge portion.
- the periphery of the negative electrode 23b is wrapped around a bag-like separator 23cb except for the peripheral portion of the hole provided in the center.
- FIG. 2B shows a plan view of the positive electrode 23a included in the bag-shaped separator.
- FIG. 2C shows a plan view of the negative electrode 23b encapsulated in the bag-shaped separator.
- the positive electrode 23a is sandwiched between two separators whose outer diameter is smaller than the outer diameter of the positive electrode 23a and whose central hole diameter is smaller than that of the positive electrode 23a, and where the separators overlap (the peripheral edge of the central hole) To join.
- the positive electrode 23a is included in the bag-shaped separator 23ca.
- the negative electrode 23b is sandwiched between two separators whose outer diameter is larger than the outer diameter of the negative electrode 23b and whose central hole diameter is larger than the hole diameter of the negative electrode 23b, and the overlapping part (outer peripheral edge) of the separator is joined by thermal welding. .
- the negative electrode 23b is included in the bag-like separator 23cb.
- Electrode debris and foreign matter generated during the assembly and transportation process of the electrode block are captured inside the bag-shaped separator. If a bag-like separator is used, electrode scraps and foreign matter do not intervene between the electrodes and between the electrodes and the current collecting terminals, so that an internal short circuit can be prevented. Furthermore, it is possible to prevent a contact failure due to a separator being interposed between the positive electrode 23a and the negative electrode 23b and the holding member 22 due to a shift in the attachment position of the separator.
- the positive electrode 23a wrapped in the bag-shaped separator 23ca and the negative electrode 23b wrapped in the bag-shaped separator 23cb are sequentially stacked so that the respective holes communicate with each other to form the electrode group 23.
- Lid members 24 are arranged at both ends of the electrode group 23 in the axial direction (X direction in FIG. 1B).
- the central hole of the positive electrode 23a, the negative electrode 23b, the separator 23ca, the separator 23cb, and the lid member 24 communicates to form the through hole 25.
- the first holding member 22a holds the shape of the electrode group 23 and the lid member 24 from the outside.
- the second holding member 22 b holds the shape of the electrode group 23 and the lid member 24 from the inside of the through hole 25.
- 3A and 3B are a cross-sectional view and a plan view of the metal plate 220 constituting the holding member 22, respectively.
- the metal plate 220 has a number of protrusions 221 formed so as to protrude on the surface thereof.
- the metal plate 220 is obtained by embossing a metallic plate, providing a large number of protrusions and through holes, and providing burrs.
- the thickness of the metal plate 220 is not particularly limited, but is preferably smaller than the thickness of the positive electrode 23a or the negative electrode 23b. Although depending on the thickness of the positive electrode 23a or the negative electrode 23b, the thickness of the metal plate 220 is preferably 10 to 100 ⁇ m. More preferably, it is 20 to 50 ⁇ m. When the thickness of the metal plate 220 is large, the size of the battery increases. Further, when the thickness of the metal plate 220 is small, the strength of the metal plate is lowered.
- a through hole is provided at the top of the protrusion 221 to form an opening 222.
- the opening 222 is provided with an edge 223 extending in the direction opposite to the protrusion 221.
- the metal plate 220 is a nickel foil having a thickness (h1) of 25 ⁇ m.
- a quadrangular pyramid-shaped projection 221 composed of an upper structure L1 and a lower structure L2 is formed.
- the vertical and horizontal lengths (X and Y directions in FIG. 3B) of the lower structure L2 are both 1 mm, and the vertical and horizontal lengths of the upper structure L1 are both 0.5 mm.
- the thickness (h2) of the metal plate 220 including the protrusions 221 is 0.5 mm.
- the dimension (h3) of the cache 223 is 0.15 mm.
- the first holding member 22 a is disposed on the electrode group 23 and the outer surface 23 d of the lid member 24.
- the outer surface 23 d is a side surface of the electrode group 23 and an exposed surface of the lid member 24. More specifically, the first holding member 22 a is attached to the peripheral portion including the side surface of the electrode group 23 and the outer surface of the lid member 24.
- the 1st holding member 22a bears the role which makes the electrode group used as the main component of a battery into one structure by wrapping the electrode group 23 and the cover member 24 except the vicinity of the through-hole 25 and the through-hole 25. .
- the assembly of the laminated battery can be simplified.
- the first holding member 22 a In the first holding member 22 a, the protrusion 221 bites into the positive electrode 23 a and the lid member 24, and holds the stacked state of the electrode group 23 and the lid member 24.
- the first holding member 22 a includes a first side surface portion 22 aa that covers the side surfaces of the electrode group 23 and the lid member 24, and a through-hole of the electrode group 23 along the surface of the lid member 24 from the end portion of the first side surface portion 22 aa. And a first bent portion ab that bends in the direction of 25.
- the second holding member 22b is disposed on the inner peripheral surface 23e of the through hole 25 of the electrode group.
- the protrusion 221 bites into the negative electrode 23 b and the lid member 24, and holds the stacked state of the electrode group 23 and the lid member 24.
- the second holding member 22b is a second side surface portion 22ba that covers the inner peripheral surface, and a second bent portion that is bent in the outer diameter direction of the electrode group 23 along the surface of the lid member 24 from the end portion of the second side surface portion 22ba. Part 22bb.
- the first side surface portion 22aa bites into the outer peripheral end of the positive electrode 23a, and the first holding member 22a and the positive electrode 23a are electrically connected. Further, the second side surface portion 22ba bites into the inner peripheral end portion of the negative electrode 23b, and the second holding member 22b and the negative electrode 23b are electrically connected. On the other hand, since the first bent portion 22ab and the second bent portion 22bb are not in contact and the lid member 24 has insulation, the first holding member 22a and the second holding member 22b are in an insulated state. It has become.
- the bondability between the positive electrodes and the negative electrodes is improved.
- the volume of the electrode changes due to the charging / discharging of the battery, since the protrusion bites into the electrode, it is possible to suppress poor contact between the electrode and the holding member that becomes the current collecting terminal. Thereby, cycle life characteristics are improved.
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode are included in the bag separator, but the present invention can also be implemented when not included in the bag separator.
- the outer edge of the negative electrode is covered with the separator, the peripheral edge of the positive electrode hole is covered with the separator, the outer edge of the separator is covered with the positive electrode, and the peripheral edge of the separator hole is covered with the negative electrode. It has been broken. For this reason, the positive electrode and the negative electrode are reliably separated by the separator at the outer edge and the peripheral edge of the hole. Even if the electrodes are deformed, the two electrodes do not come into contact with each other at the outer edge and the peripheral edge of the hole. Further, the separator is not interposed between the negative electrode and the current collector, and is not interposed between the positive electrode and the exterior body. Therefore, contact failure due to the intervening separator does not occur.
- a bag-like separator may be disposed on either the positive electrode or the negative electrode.
- the positive electrode 23a is included in the bag separator 23ca, and the negative electrode 23b is not included in the bag separator. In this way, it is possible to save the trouble of enclosing the negative electrode in the bag separator, and the cost can be reduced.
- the negative electrode 23b is arrange
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic sectional view of the electrode block 52 of the third embodiment.
- a metal plate 26 a is interposed between the first holding member 27 a and the electrode group 23.
- a metal plate 26 b is interposed between the second holding member 27 b and the electrode group 23.
- the metal plate 26 has a plurality of protrusions on at least one surface as shown in FIG. The protrusions 221 of the metal plate 26 bite into the electrodes 23a and 23b to ensure the connection between the electrodes. Since the holding member 27 and the metal plate 26 are in contact with each other on the entire surface, the electrodes 23a, b and the holding member 27 are electrically connected reliably.
- the holding member 27 acts as a strength element. Thus, by providing the strength member and the element that connects the electrodes separately in the holding member, it is possible to manufacture a larger-capacity electrode block.
- FIG. 6A is a schematic perspective view showing an electrode block according to a fourth embodiment
- FIG. 6B is a schematic cross-sectional view.
- the electrode block 61 includes an electrode group 63, a lid member 64, and a plurality of first holding members 62.
- the first holding member 62 holds the shapes of the electrode group 63 and the lid member 64.
- the positive electrode 63a is wrapped in a bag-like separator 63ca except for the outer edge portion. Further, the negative electrode 63b is wrapped in a bag-like separator 63cb except for the peripheral portion of the central hole.
- the positive electrode 63a wrapped in the bag-shaped separator 63ca and the negative electrode 63b wrapped in the bag-shaped separator 63cb are sequentially stacked so that the holes overlap each other.
- a lid member 64 having a hole in the center of the electrode group 63 is sandwiched. The central hole of the electrode group 63 and the lid member 64 communicate with each other to form a through hole 67 of the electrode block 61 as a whole.
- a second holding member 65 is disposed on the inner peripheral surface of the through hole 67.
- the lid member 64 of this embodiment is metallic.
- the electrode that contacts the lid member 64 (the negative electrode 63b in FIG. 6B) is included in a bag separator (63cb in FIG. 6B). If the electrode is included in the bag separator, the lid member 64 and the electrode that is in contact with the lid member 64 are not in direct contact. In FIG. 6, the negative electrode 63 b is not short-circuited with the positive electrode 63 a via the lid member 64.
- the first holding member 62 is a strip-shaped metal plate. One end of the first holding member 62 is fixed to the side surface of one lid member 64, and the other end is fixed to the side surface of the other lid member 64. These fixations are, for example, by spot welding, but may be brazing. Thus, the shape of the electrode group 63 is held by the first holding member, and the electrode group 63 has an integral structure as an electrode block.
- the diameter of the hole at the center of the lid member 64 is larger than the diameter of the hole of the negative electrode 63b, and when the second holding member 65 is attached to the electrode group 63, the lid member 64 and the second holding member 65 are not in contact with each other. It has become. Note that it is preferable to dispose the insulating ring 68 in the hole of the lid member 64.
- the insulating ring 68 reliably prevents contact between the lid member 64 and the second holding member 65 and prevents a short circuit between the electrodes.
- the lid member 64 may be an insulating disk. In this case, the lid member 64 and the first holding member 62 are fixed with an adhesive.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a modification of the electrode block of FIG. 6B. If the insulating plate 69 is disposed between the lid member 64 and the electrode group 63, the negative electrode 63 b that is not included in the bag separator can be disposed at the upper end or the lower end of the electrode group 63. The insulating plate 69 prevents the metal lid member 64 and the negative electrode 63b from being short-circuited. Further, as shown in the figure, an electrode block may be configured by adding a second holding member 65.
- the metal plate shown in FIG. 3 may be attached to only one of the outer peripheral surface of the electrode group and the inner surface of the through hole. Further, the protrusions of the metal plate may be provided only on the surface in contact with the electrode group, may be provided only on the opposite surface, or may be provided on both surfaces.
- Electrode block assembly method (1) The positive electrode is sandwiched between two separators whose outer diameter is smaller than the outer diameter of the positive electrode and whose central hole diameter is smaller than that of the positive electrode hole, and the portions where the separators overlap are joined by a heater. The negative electrode is sandwiched between two separators whose outer diameter is larger than the outer diameter of the negative electrode and whose central hole diameter is larger than that of the negative electrode hole, and the overlapping portions of the separators are joined by a heater. (2) Prepare two lid members. Then, a round bar whose diameter is slightly smaller than the hole diameter of the negative electrode is projected in the center of the cylinder whose inner diameter is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the positive electrode.
- the hole of one lid member is passed through the round bar.
- the negative electrode included in the bag separator and the positive electrode included in the bag separator are sequentially passed through the round bar.
- the other lid member is passed through the round bar.
- the electrode group sandwiched between the lid members is manufactured.
- the lid member and the electrode group are taken out of the cylinder together with the round bar, and the first holding member is attached to the outer peripheral surfaces of the lid member and the electrode group. Both ends in the axial direction of the first holding member are bent 90 degrees in the direction of the round bar along the surface of the lid member to form a first bent portion.
- a 1st bending part will be located in the both ends of a 1st side part.
- a round bar is extracted from the lid member and the electrode group.
- a 2nd holding member is attached to the inner surface of the through-hole of a cover member and an electrode group. Both ends in the axial direction of the second holding member are bent in the outer peripheral direction along the surface of the lid member to form a second bent portion following the second side surface portion.
- the electrode block in which the electrode group and the pair of lid members are integrated is manufactured by the first holding member and the second holding member. In addition, you may manufacture the electrode block which does not have a 2nd holding member as needed.
- FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing a schematic configuration of a laminated battery using the electrode block of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a side view of the laminated battery including a cross section taken along line IX-IX in FIG. 8 in the upper half.
- FIG. 10 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the end portion of the laminated battery of FIG. 9 rotated 90 degrees.
- the laminated battery 31 includes an exterior body 32, a current collector 33, a plurality of heat radiating plates 34, and a casing 35 as main components.
- a plurality of electrode blocks 21 are stacked and housed inside the exterior body 32.
- the current collector 33 penetrates the plurality of electrode blocks 21 in the axial direction of the exterior body 32 (X direction in FIG. 9).
- the plurality of heat radiating plates 34 are arranged along the X direction around the exterior body 32 such that the central hole contacts the outer periphery of the exterior body 32.
- the casing 35 accommodates the exterior body 32, the current collector 33, the heat radiating plate 34, and the through bolt 46 therein.
- a first bus bar 36 and a second bus bar 37 are attached to end portions of the casing 35 in the axial direction, which are connection members.
- the electrode block 21 is stacked and accommodated inside a cylindrical pipe 32a.
- the inner diameter of the pipe 32 a is slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the electrode block 21. Thereby, when the electrode block 21 is pushed into the pipe 32a, the contact state between the outer peripheral surface of the electrode block 21 and the inner peripheral surface of the pipe 32a is maintained.
- Both end openings of the pipe 32a are closed by a cylindrical sealing lid 32b.
- the sealing lid 32b is provided with a central hole 32ba through which the current collector 33 passes and a liquid injection hole 32bb for injecting an electrolytic solution (see FIG. 11A).
- An electrolytic solution injection seat 39 is attached to the liquid injection hole 32bb, and the electrolytic solution is injected into the exterior body 32 from a hole provided in the electrolytic solution injection seat 39.
- the sealing lid 32b In the sealing lid 32b, two grooves 32bc and a groove 32bd shallower than these are formed between the two grooves 32bc on the outer peripheral surface (see FIG. 11B).
- An O-ring 32c is disposed in each of the two grooves 32bc, and a liquid packing 32d is disposed in the groove 32bd. This prevents the electrolyte from leaking outside the battery.
- the liquid packing 32d is preferably a highly viscous substance, and for example, asphalt pitch can be used.
- the pipe 32a and the sealing lid 32b are nickel-plated iron and have conductivity. Since the inner peripheral surface of the exterior body 32 and the positive electrode 23a are in contact via the first holding member 22a, the exterior body 32 and the positive electrode 23a are electrically connected.
- the exterior body 32 functions as a positive electrode current collecting terminal.
- An insulating sleeve 40 is attached between the sealing lid 32b and the current collector 33 to prevent the exterior body 32 and the current collector 33 from being short-circuited via the sealing lid 32 (see FIG. 10). .
- the current collector 33 is a conductive round bar.
- the outer peripheral surface of the current collector 33 and the negative electrode 23b are in contact with each other through the second holding member 22b. Both are in an electrically connected state.
- the current collector 33 functions as a negative electrode current collecting terminal.
- the current collector 33 may be constituted by a pipe-shaped structural member 33b and a core member 33a housed therein.
- the core material 33a is copper
- the structural material 33b is iron.
- Copper is highly conductive but is relatively weak to alkali. Iron is less conductive than copper, but reacts with alkali to form a passive film, so it has corrosion resistance to alkali.
- Nickel plating 33 c may be applied to the surface of the current collector 33. Nickel plating also has alkali resistance. With such a structure, the current collector is highly conductive and resistant to alkali.
- a current collector 33 as shown in FIG. 12A may be manufactured by press-fitting a copper wire into an iron pipe. Also, as shown in FIG. 12B, the structural material 33b may be moved along the periphery of the core material 33a and moved in the direction of the arrow while being squeezed to caulk the structural material 33b. Thereafter, the surface of the current collector 33 may be manufactured by nickel plating.
- a push plate 45 is disposed on the upper side of the exterior body 32 that houses the electrode block 21.
- a first connecting member 41 is arranged on the upper side of the pressing plate 45.
- a screw hole 41a is provided on one surface of the first connecting member 41, and a mounting hole 41b is provided on the other surface.
- the end of the current collector 33 is fitted into the mounting hole 41b.
- a hexagonal bolt 43 is screwed into the screw hole 41 a and the first bus bar 36 is attached to the first connecting member 41. Thereby, the current collector 33 and the first bus bar 36 are electrically connected.
- the first bus bar 36 functions as a negative electrode terminal.
- a second connecting member 42 is disposed on the upper end of the through bolt 46.
- a screw hole 42a is provided on one surface of the second connecting member 42, and a mounting hole 42b is provided on the other surface.
- a through bolt 46 is fitted into the mounting hole 42b.
- a hexagon bolt 43 is screwed into the screw hole 42 a, and the second bus bar 37 is attached to the second connecting member 42. Thereby, the exterior body 32 and the second bus bar 37 are electrically connected via the through bolt 46.
- the second bus bar 37 functions as a positive terminal.
- the push plate 45 is a rectangular plate-like metal, and includes a hole 45a into which the first connecting member 41 is fitted, a hole 45b through which the through bolt 46 passes, and a hole 45c through which the electrolyte injection seat 39 passes.
- the pressing plate 45 and the exterior body 32 are in contact with each other, and the pressing plate functions as a positive current collecting terminal.
- An insulating ring 47 is disposed between the first connecting member 41 and the push plate 45, and the push plate 45 and the current collector 33 are insulated.
- the pressing plate 45 plays a role of dispersing the tightening force by the hexagon bolts 43.
- the electrode block 21 receives a compressive force in the axial direction (X direction in FIG. 10) by the hexagon bolts 43. This compressive force acts to prevent deformation due to charging / discharging of the electrode blocks and to reduce the contact resistance between the electrode blocks.
- the electrolytic solution injection seat 39 has a long and narrow cylindrical shape having a hole in the center, and is a liquid injection port for injecting the electrolytic solution into the exterior body 32 from the outside. After injection of the electrolytic solution, a stopper 38 is attached to seal the inside of the exterior body 32.
- the lower end part of a laminated battery also has the same structure as an upper end part.
- the heat radiating plate 34 has a rectangular plate shape, and includes a battery hole 34a through which the laminated battery 31 passes and a bolt hole 34b through which through bolts 46 pass through four corners (for example, FIG. 8).
- the heat radiating plate 34 is conductive, and the material thereof is aluminum whose surface is nickel-plated. Then, the battery hole 34 a comes into contact with the surface of the exterior body 32, and the heat of the exterior body 32 is transmitted to the heat radiating plate 34.
- the through bolt 46 is conductive, and its material is iron whose surface is nickel-plated. And the bolt hole 34b contacts with the through bolt 46, and the exterior body 32, the heat sink 34, and the through bolt 46 are electrically connected.
- the material of the heat sink 34 and the through bolt 46 is not limited to iron or aluminum, but may be other metals.
- the casing 35 includes a square tube 35a having a substantially square frame cross section, and a substantially square plate-like lid member 35b at both ends of the square tube 35a.
- the inner dimension of the casing 35 is made approximately the same as the outer dimension of the heat sink 34.
- the lid member 35b has a hole 35c through which the first connecting member 41 passes and a hole 35d through which the second connecting member 42 passes.
- FIG. 13A is a perspective view showing the first bus bar 36 of the present embodiment.
- the first bus bar 36 is a substantially triangular metal plate, and is provided with three first bolt holes 36a through which the hexagon bolts 43 pass.
- the first bus bar 36 is attached to the end of the stacked battery 31 and electrically connects the adjacent stacked batteries 31.
- the first connecting member 41 of one stacked battery 31 and one first bolt hole 36a of the first bus bar 36 are connected by a hexagon bolt 43
- the second connecting member 42 of the other stacked battery 31 are connected by the hexagon bolt 43
- the remaining two first bolt holes 36 a of the 1 bus bar 36 are connected by the hexagon bolts 43, the two stacked batteries 31 are electrically connected.
- FIG. 13B is a perspective view showing the second bus bar 37.
- the second bus bar 37 is an elongated plate-like metal plate provided with three second bolt holes 37a.
- the 2nd bus bar 37 is attached to the edge part of the laminated battery 31, and connects the adjacent laminated batteries 31 electrically.
- the first connecting member 41 of one stacked battery 31 and one second bolt hole 37a of the second bus bar 37 are connected by a hexagon bolt 43, the second connecting member 42 of the other stacked battery 31, If the remaining two second bolt holes 37a of the two bus bars are connected with the hexagon bolts 43, the two stacked batteries 31 are electrically connected.
- the shapes of the first bus bar 36 and the second bus bar 37 are not limited to this embodiment.
- the material of the first bus bar 36 and the second bus bar 37 is iron whose surface is nickel-plated.
- FIG. 14 shows an example in which a plurality of stacked batteries 31 are connected in series using the first bus bar 36 and the second bus bar 37.
- the first bus bar 36 has a shape that facilitates connecting the stacked batteries 31 in the vertical direction in FIG. 14, and the second bus bar 37 has a shape that facilitates connection of the stacked batteries 31 in the horizontal direction in FIG. 14.
- the degree of freedom in arrangement can be ensured by appropriately selecting a bus bar. For example, when the current collectors 33 of adjacent batteries are connected to each other using the second bus bar 37 and the through bolts 46 are connected to each other, the stacked batteries can be connected in parallel.
- a large-capacity battery can be easily manufactured by laminating a plurality of electrode blocks 21.
- the first holding member 22a and the second holding member 22b have a plurality of protrusions 221 on the surface in contact with the electrode group 21, the protrusions 221 bite into the electrode, so that the positive electrode and the outer body or the negative electrode and the negative electrode are collected. Bonding between electric bodies is further improved. In addition, even if the volume of the electrode changes due to charging / discharging of the battery, since the protrusion bites into the electrode, poor contact between the electrode and the terminal can be suppressed. This improves the cycle life characteristics.
- the laminated battery 31 of the present embodiment is configured by laminating a plurality of electrode blocks 21.
- the first holding members 22 a of the adjacent electrode blocks 21 are directly connected via the exterior body 32, and the second holding members 22 b are directly connected via the current collector 33.
- the plurality of electrode blocks 21 are electrically connected in parallel. That is, in the laminated battery 31 of this embodiment, the plus terminals and the minus terminals of the adjacent electrode blocks 21 are electrically connected by simply laminating the plurality of electrode blocks 21 on the exterior body 32. Accordingly, the plurality of electrode blocks 21 are structurally simple in series connection and electrically connected in parallel. In this way, the capacity of the laminated battery can be easily increased.
- the cooling effect is as follows.
- the positive electrode 23a is strongly pressed against the inner peripheral surface of the exterior body 32 via the first holding member 22a, and the positive electrode 23a and the exterior body 32 are in close contact with each other. Therefore, the heat generated in the positive electrode 23a is transmitted to the exterior body 32 through the first holding member 22a.
- the heat generated in the negative electrode 23b is transferred to the positive electrode 23a through the separator 23c. Since the separator 23c is a single sheet and is a thin sheet, it does not hinder heat conduction. In this way, the heat generated in the positive electrode 23a and the negative electrode 23b is transmitted to the exterior body 32 with a small thermal resistance, and the temperature rise inside the multilayer battery 31 is suppressed.
- the wound type battery has a number of separators that are difficult to conduct heat between the battery center and the battery case. Therefore, even if the battery case is cooled, the temperature inside the battery does not decrease much.
- the laminated battery of the embodiment of the present invention is nearly 100,000 times that of the conventional wound battery. It turned out to be big.
- the laminated battery of the present invention can keep the temperature inside the battery low to near the temperature of the battery surface.
- the heat transfer on the surface of the battery becomes the rate of heat transfer inside the battery.
- the cooling performance was further improved by attaching a plurality of heat radiation plates 34 to the outer periphery of the exterior body 32 to increase the heat radiation area.
- the casing of the laminated battery is air-cooled with a cooling fan, the temperature inside the battery becomes 51 ° C.
- the radiator plate was attached to the laminated battery and naturally cooled by air, the temperature inside the battery was kept at 23 ° C.
- FIG. 15 shows the result of the temperature rise test of the laminated battery 31 of the present embodiment.
- curve (1) is the charging voltage
- curve (2) is the discharging voltage
- curves (3) and (4) are the internal temperatures of the battery during charging and discharging, respectively.
- the battery temperature of the laminated battery 31 of the present embodiment hardly changes even when charging / discharging. Temperature rise inside the battery can be suppressed. The reason why the battery temperature has dropped in the early stage of charge / discharge is that the room temperature has dropped.
- it is not necessary to provide a pipe or the like for flowing a refrigerant inside the battery it is not necessary to provide a pipe or the like for flowing a refrigerant inside the battery, and the battery temperature rise can be suppressed with a compact structure.
- the outer package is a positive electrode current collector and the current collector is a negative electrode current collector
- the outer package is a negative electrode current collector
- the current collector is a positive electrode current collector. You may comprise so that it may become.
- the electrode group of this embodiment demonstrated the example of a cylindrical shape as a whole provided with the circular through-hole in the center, it is not restricted to this, A square-tube-shaped electrode group may be sufficient, and a through-hole may be square.
- the shape of the laminated battery of the present embodiment has been described as an example of a cylindrical shape, but may be a prismatic shape.
- the materials of various parts of the present embodiment may also be materials other than the above embodiments.
- the metal part is not limited to iron whose surface is nickel-plated, and may be a metal whose surface is not nickel-plated.
- this embodiment mainly demonstrated the example to the nickel metal hydride battery, this invention is also applicable to another secondary battery, for example, a lithium ion battery, a manganese battery.
- the laminated battery according to the present invention can be suitably used as a power storage device for consumer use as well as for industrial use.
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Abstract
Description
更に、第1保持部材は、第1電極と接続されて、第1電極の集電端子として機能する。第1電極は、熱的および電気的に小さな抵抗で第1保持部材に接続される。第1保持部材は、第1電極の冷却および集電に有利に作用する。
なお、このような電極ブロックを採用して、モジュール化を図ることにより、電池の生産性が上がる。また、電極を個別に電池ケースに収納する場合よりも、正極や負極の破損や位置ずれが抑えられ、接触不良や短絡を抑制できる。更に、電池ケースに収納する電極ブロックの数を調整すれば、電池容量を簡単に増減することができる。すなわち、電池ブロックの数を増やせば、電極ブロックが並列に接続されることになるので容易に電池容量を増やすことができる。
[1-1.ニッケル水素電池について]
負極としては、水素吸蔵合金、導電性フィラーおよびバインダーに溶剤を加えてペースト状にしたものを、基板上に塗布して板状に成形し、硬化させたものを使用した。同様に、正極としては、オキシ水酸化ニッケル、導電性フィラーおよびバインダーに溶剤を加えてペースト状にしたものを、基板上に塗布して板状に成形し硬化させたものを使用した。
負極は、チタン酸リチウム、カルボキシメチルセルロース(CMC)、およびケッチェンブラック(KB)を混合し、スラリー状合剤を調整する。この合剤をステンレス鋼箔上に塗布し、仮乾燥した後、加熱処理して負極を得ることができる。正極は、リン酸鉄リチウム、CMC、活性炭、およびKBを混合し、スラリー状合剤を調整する。この合剤をステンレス鋼箔上に塗布し、仮乾燥した後、加熱処理して正極を得ることができる。
以下、説明の都合上、正極を第1電極とし、負極を第2電極として説明することがあるが、これに限定されるものではない。
[2-1.第1実施形態]
図1Aに本発明の第1実施形態に係る電極ブロックの概略斜視図を示す。図1Bに電極ブロックの軸方向概略断面図を示す。図1Bに示すように、電極ブロック21は、電極群23と、蓋部材24と、第1保持部材22aおよび第2保持部材22bとを備える。
第1保持部材22aは、突起221が正極23aおよび蓋部材24に食い込んで、電極群23と蓋部材24の積層状態の形態を保持する。第1保持部材22aは、電極群23および蓋部材24の側面部分を覆う第1側面部22aaと、第1側面部22aaの端部から、蓋部材24の表面に沿って電極群23の貫通孔25の方向に折れ曲る第1折曲部abとを備えている。
以下各実施形態の説明において、特にことわらない限り、第1実施形態と共通する部分については、説明を省略する。正極および負極のいずれか一方に袋状セパレータを配してもよい。図4に示す第2実施形態の電極ブロック51は、正極23aが袋セパレータ23caに内包されており、負極23bは袋セパレータに内包されていない。このようにすれば、負極を袋セパレータに内包させる手間を省くことができ、コストを削減できる。図4において、負極23bが電極群23の上下端に配置されていて、負極23bの枚数が正極23aより多い。この電極ブロック51を用いて電池を構成すれば、正極規制の電池とすることができる。
図5に第3実施形態の電極ブロック52の概略断面図を示す。電極ブロック52において、第1保持部材27aと電極群23との間に金属板26aが介在している。また、第2保持部材27bと電極群23との間に金属板26bが介在している。本実施形態において、金属板26は、図3に示すような、少なくとも片面に複数の突起を有している。金属板26の突起221は電極23a,bに食い込み、電極同士の接続を確実にする。保持部材27と金属板26とは全面において接触するので、電極23a,bと保持部材27は電気的に確実に接続される。保持部材27は強度要素として作用する。このように、保持部材において、強度要素と電極同士の接続を果たす要素とを別個に設けることにより、より大容量の電極ブロックの製作が可能となる。
図6Aは、第4実施形態に係る電極ブロックを示す概略斜視図であり、図6Bは、概略断面図である。電極ブロック61は、電極群63と、蓋部材64と、複数の第1保持部材62とを備えている。第1保持部材62が、電極群63と蓋部材64の形状を保持する。
蓋部材64を、絶縁性の円板としてもよい。この場合、蓋部材64と第1保持部材62は、接着剤で固定する。
図7は、図6Bの電極ブロックの変形例を示す概略断面図である。蓋部材64と電極群63の間に絶縁板69を配置すれば、電極群63の上端もしくは下端に、袋セパレータに内包されない負極63bを配置することができる。絶縁板69は、金属製の蓋部材64と負極63bが短絡することを防止する。また、図示するように、第2保持部材65を追加して、電極ブロックを構成してもよい。
(1)外径が正極の外径より小さく、中央の孔の径が正極の孔の径より小さい2枚のセパレータで正極を挟み込み、セパレータが重なった箇所をヒーターで接合する。外径が負極の外径より大きく、中央の孔の径が負極の孔の径より大きい2枚のセパレータで負極を挟み込み、セパレータの重なった箇所をヒーターで接合する。
(2)蓋部材を2枚用意する。そして、正極の外径より内径が少し大きい筒の中心に、負極の穴径よりも直径が少し小さい丸棒を突き立てる。そして、一方の蓋部材の孔を、丸棒に通す。
(3)次に、袋セパレータに内包された負極および袋セパレータに内包された正極、を順次丸棒に通す。
(4)最後に他方の蓋部材を丸棒に通す。以上により、蓋部材に挟まれた電極群を製作する。
(5)次に、筒から蓋部材および電極群を丸棒と一緒に取り出し、蓋部材および電極群の外周面に第1保持部材を取り付ける。第1保持部材の軸方向の両端を、蓋部材の表面に沿って、丸棒の方向に90度折り曲げて、第1折曲部を形成する。第1側面部の両端に第1折曲部が位置することとなる。
(6)次に、蓋部材および電極群から、丸棒を抜きとる。そして、蓋部材および電極群の貫通孔の内面に第2保持部材を取り付ける。第2保持部材の軸方向の両端を、蓋部材の表面沿って外周方向に折り曲げて、第2側面部に続く第2折曲部を形成する。
(8)これにより、第1保持部材と第2保持部材とにより、電極群と一対の蓋部材が一体化された電極ブロックが製作される。なお、必要に応じて、第2保持部材を有さない電極ブロックを製作してもよい。
[3-1.積層電池の構造]
図8は本発明の電極ブロックを用いた積層電池の概略構成を示す斜視図である。図9は図8のIX-IX線に沿った断面を上半部に含む積層電池の側面図である。そして、図10は図9の積層電池の端部を拡大した断面図を、90度回転して示してある。積層電池31は、外装体32と、集電体33と、複数の放熱板34と、ケーシング35とを主要な構成として備えている。外装体32の内部には、複数の電極ブロック21が積層されて、収納されている。集電体33は、複数の電極ブロック21を、外装体32の軸方向(図9のX方向)に貫通する。複数の放熱板34は、中央の孔が外装体32の外周に接触するように、外装体32の周りに、X方向に沿って配されている。ケーシング35は、外装体32と集電体33と放熱板34と通しボルト46を、その内部に収納している。ケーシング35の軸方向の端部には、それぞれ接続部材となる、第1ブスバー36と第2ブスバー37が取り付けられている。
図13Aは本実施形態の第1ブスバー36を示す斜視図である。第1ブスバー36は、略三角形状の金属板であり、六角ボルト43が通過する3つの第1ボルト孔36aが設けられている。第1ブスバー36は、積層電池31の端部に取り付けて、隣り合う積層電池31を電気的に接続する。例えば、一方の積層電池31の第1連結部材41と、第1ブスバー36の1つの第1ボルト孔36aとを六角ボルト43で連結し、他方の積層電池31の第2連結部材42と、第1ブスバー36の残りの2つの第1ボルト孔36aとを六角ボルト43で連結すれば、2つの積層電池31が電気的に接続される。
第1ブスバー36と第2ブスバー37の形状は、本実施形態に限られない。なお、第1ブスバー36と第2ブスバー37の材料は、表面をニッケルめっきした鉄である。
次に、電極ブロック21を用いた積層電池31の組立方法について説明する。
(1)複数の電極ブロック21を[2-5]に示す方法で製作する一方、外装体32のパイプ32aを作業台に固定する。
(2)パイプ32aの一方の端部開口部に封止蓋32bを取り付ける。他端の開口部から、複数の電極ブロック21を、外装体32に圧入する。
(3)次に、集電体33を電極ブロック21の中央の貫通孔25に圧入する。パイプ32aの他端の開口部に封止蓋32bを取り付ける。そして、外装体内部の空気抜きを行なった後、電解液を加えて密閉する。
(4)次に、外装体32に複数の放熱板34を取り付けた後、4本の通しボルト46を放熱板34に通して、第2保持部材42により固定する。放熱板を取り付けた外装体の側面と上下面を角筒35aで囲う。続いて、角筒35aの両端から押板45を圧入した後、第1連結部材41、第2連結部材42や、電解液注入座39などを取り付ける。そして、角筒35aの両端に蓋部材35bを取り付けた後、ブスバー36、37を取り付ける。
第1実施形態の電極ブロックおよびこれを用いた積層電池を例にとり、その作用と効果について説明する。
[4-1.ブロック化の効果]
第1実施形態の電極ブロック21において、電極群23が第1保持部材22aと第2保持部材22bとによりその形状が保持されているので、正極23a、負極23b、セパレータ23cがばらばらにならず一体となっている。したがって、電極群23を1つのブロックとして取り扱え、製作の作業性がよい。
第1保持部材22aおよび第2保持部材22bは、電極群21に接する面に複数の突起221を有しているので、この突起221が電極に食い込むことで、正極と外装体間または負極と集電体間の接合が更に向上する。また、電池の充放電に伴い電極の体積に変化が生じても、突起が電極に食い込んでいるため、電極と端子間との接触不良を抑制することができる。これにより、サイクル寿命の特性が改善される。
さらに、正極23aおよび負極23bは、それぞれ、袋状セパレータ23ca、23cbにより覆われているので、電池の運搬過程および組立過程で生じる電極の屑や異物は、袋状セパレータの内部に補足される。袋状セパレータは、電極の屑や異物が、電極間、および電極と集電端子の間に介在することを防ぎ、内部短絡を防止する。更に、セパレータの取り付け位置がずれて、正極23aと外装体32の間、および、負極23bと集電体33の間に、セパレータが介在して、接触不良が生じることを防ぐ。
また、本実施形態の積層電池31は、複数の電極ブロック21が積層されて構成されている。具体的には、隣り合う電極ブロック21の第1保持部材22a同士が直接かつ外装体32を介して接続され、第2保持部材22b同士が直接かつ集電体33を介して接続されている。これにより、複数の電極ブロック21が電気的に並列に接続される。すなわち、本実施形態の積層電池31は、外装体32に複数の電極ブロック21を積層するだけで、隣り合う電極ブロック21のプラス端子同士、マイナス端子同士が電気的に接続される。したがって、複数の電極ブロック21は、構造的には簡単な直列接続であり、電気的には並列接続される。このようにして、積層電池の容量を簡単に大きくすることができる。
冷却性能について次の効果がある。正極23aは第1保持部材22aを介して外装体32の内周面に強く押し当てられ、正極23aと外装体32が密に接触している。したがって、正極23aで発生した熱は、第1保持部材22aを介して外装体32に伝えられる。一方、負極23bで発生した熱はセパレータ23cを介して正極23aに伝えられる。セパレータ23cは1枚であり薄いシートであるので、熱の伝導に大きな妨げとならない。このようにして、正極23aおよび負極23bで発生した熱は、それぞれ、小さな熱的抵抗で外装体32に伝えられ、積層電池31内部の温度上昇は抑制される。
捲回タイプの電池は、電池中心部と電池ケース間に、熱を伝えにくいセパレータが幾重にも介在している。よって、電池ケースを冷却しても、電池内部の温度はあまり低下しない。18650型電池を例に取り、積層タイプの電池と捲回タイプの電池の総括熱伝達係数を比べてみれば、本発明の実施形態の積層電池は、従来の捲回電池比べて10万倍近く大きいことが判明した。
以上のとおり、図面を参照しながら本発明の好適な実施形態を説明したが、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲内で、種々の追加、変更または削除が可能である。
12 円筒缶(a:側部内面)
13 電極群(a:正極/b:負極/c:セパレータ)
14 絶縁板
15 外装体
16 蓋部材
17 集電体(a:軸部/b:止め部/c:正極端子)
18 軸受
21 電極ブロック
22 保持部材(a:側面部/b:折曲部)
23 電極群(a:正極/b:負極/c:セパレータ)
24 蓋部材
25 貫通孔
26 金属板
27 保持部材
31 積層電池
32 外装体(a:パイプ/b:封止蓋)
33 集電体(a:芯材/b:構造材/c:ニッケルめっき)
34 放熱板(a:電池穴/b:ボルト穴)
35 ケーシング(a:角筒/b:蓋部材)
36 第1ブスバー
37 第2ブスバー
38 栓
39 電解液注入座
40 絶縁スリーブ
41 第1連結部材
42 第2連結部材
43 六角ボルト
45 押板
46 通しボルト
47 絶縁リング
51 電極ブロック
52 電極ブロック
61 電極ブロック
62 第1保持部材
63 電極群(a:正極/b:負極/c:セパレータ)
64 蓋部材
65 第2保持部材
67 貫通孔
68 絶縁リング
69 絶縁板
220 金属板
221 突起
222 開口部
223 カエシ
Claims (19)
- 正極と、負極と、前記正極と前記負極との間に配されたセパレータと、が積層された電極群と、
前記電極群の積層方向の両端に配した蓋部材と、
前記電極群および前記蓋部材の外面に取り付けた第1保持部材と、
を備え、
前記第1保持部材は、前記正極および前記負極のいずれか一方の電極である第1電極と電気的に接続され、前記正極および前記負極のいずれか他方の電極である第2電極と電気的に接続されていない、電極ブロック。 - 前記第1電極、前記第2電極およびセパレータは、いずれも中央に孔を有しており、
前記第2電極の外縁が、前記セパレータにより覆われており、
前記第1電極の孔の周縁が、前記セパレータにより覆われており、
前記セパレータの外縁が、前記第1電極により覆われており、
前記セパレータの孔の周縁が、前記第2電極により覆われている、請求項1に記載の電極ブロック。 - 前記第1保持部材は、少なくとも片面に複数の突起を有している、請求項1に記載の電極ブロック。
- 前記第1保持部材と前記第1電極の間に、少なくとも片面に複数の突起を有する金属板が介在している、請求項1に記載の電極ブロック。
- 前記第1電極は、前記第1電極の外縁が袋状に形成された第1セパレータの外部に露出する態様で、前記第1セパレータに内包されている、請求項1に記載の電極ブロック。
- 前記第2電極は、前記第2電極の孔の内縁が袋状に形成された第2セパレータの外部に露出する態様で、前記第2セパレータに内包されている、請求項1に記載の電極ブロック。
- 前記第1保持部材は、当該電極ブロックの側面に当接する側面部と、前記側面部から前記蓋部材の中心方向に折れ曲がる折曲部とを有している、請求項1に記載の電極ブロック。
- 前記第1保持部材が、前記蓋部材の外側面に固定されている、請求項1に記載の電極ブロック。
- 前記蓋部材は中央に孔を有しており、
前記正極、前記負極、前記セパレータおよび前記蓋部材の孔が、前記電極群および前記蓋部材の積層状態で貫通孔を形成し、
前記貫通孔の内面に取り付けた第2保持部材を更に備え、
前記第2保持部材は、前記第2電極と電気的に接続され、前記第1電極と電気的に接続されていない、請求項1に記載の電極ブロック。 - 前記第2保持部材は、少なくとも片面に複数の突起を有している、請求項9に記載の電極ブロック。
- 前記第2保持部材と前記第2電極の間に、少なくとも片面に複数の突起を有する金属板が介在している、請求項9に記載の電極ブロック。
- 請求項1~11のいずれか一に記載の電極ブロックと、
前記電極ブロックを収納する筒状の外装体と、
前記電極ブロックの前記貫通孔を貫通する集電体と、を備え、
前記第1電極が前記外装体に電気的に接続されており、
かつ、前記第2電極が前記集電体に電気的に接続されている、積層電池。 - 前記集電体は、
導電性の芯棒と、
前記芯棒の外周を覆う構造材と、
を有する、請求項12に記載の積層電池。 - 前記外装体の開口部を塞ぐ封止蓋を更に備え、
前記封止蓋は、その外周に2つの環状溝が形成されていて、
前記環状溝にOリングが取り付けられていて、更に、前記環状溝の間にシール材を有する、請求項12に記載の積層電池。 - 複数の放熱板が、前記外装体の軸方向に沿って、前記外装体の外周面に取り付けられている、請求項12に記載の積層電池。
- 前記放熱板を貫通する通しボルトを、更に備える、請求項15に記載の積層電池。
- 請求項16に記載の複数の積層電池と、
隣り合う前記積層電池の前記通しボルトを互いに接続する第1接続部材と、
隣り合う前記積層電池の前記集電体を互いに接続する第2接続部材と、を備え、
前記第1接続部材と前記第2接続部材とにより複数の前記積層電池が電気的に接続されている、組電池。 - 請求項16に記載の複数の積層電池と、
隣り合う一方の前記積層電池の前記通しボルトと、他方の前記積層電池の前記集電体とを接続する第3接続部材と、を備え、
前記第3接続部材により複数の前記積層電池が電気的に接続されている、組電池。 - 請求項12に記載の積層電池の組立方法であって、
外径が正極の外径より小さく、中央の孔の径が前記正極の孔の径より小さい2枚の第1セパレータで前記正極を挟み込み、第1セパレータが重なった箇所をヒーターで接合するとともに、外径が前記負極の外径より大きく、中央の孔の径が前記負極の孔の径より大きい2枚の第2セパレータで前記負極を挟み込み、第2セパレータの重なった箇所をヒーターで接合して、袋セパレータに内包された正極および負極を製作する工程Aと、
前記集電体の径と同径の丸棒に、前記袋セパレータに内包された負極と、前記袋セパレータに内包された正極とを順次挿入して、電極群を組み立てる工程Bと、
前記丸棒の両端から中央に孔を有する蓋部材を挿入して前記電極群を挟持し、前記蓋部材に圧力をかけて前記電極群を圧縮する工程Cと、
圧縮状態を保持したまま、前記電極群の外側面に第1保持部材を取り付けるとともに、前記蓋部材の表面に沿って前記第1保持部材を前記丸棒の方向に折り曲げて、前記電極群と前記蓋部材に前記第1保持部材を装着する工程Dと、
圧縮状態を保持したまま前記丸棒を引き抜く工程Eと、
前記電極群と前記蓋部材の中央の貫通孔の内面に第2保持部材を装着する工程Fと、
前記工程A~Eを繰り返し、前記電極ブロックを複数組み立てる工程Gと、
複数の前記電極ブロックを筒状の外装体の内部に圧入する工程Hと、
前記外装体の開口部に封止蓋を取り付ける工程Iと、
複数の前記電極ブロックの前記第2保持部材の内側に前記集電体を圧入する工程Jと、
前記外装体の空気抜きを行う工程Kと、
前記外装体の開口部両端に封止蓋を取付け、電池内部を密閉する工程Lと、
前記外装体の内部に電解液を注入する工程Mと、
を備える、積層電池の組立方法。
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JP2018206659A (ja) * | 2017-06-07 | 2018-12-27 | エクセルギー・パワー・システムズ株式会社 | 蓄電デバイス |
WO2021144928A1 (ja) * | 2020-01-16 | 2021-07-22 | 川崎重工業株式会社 | 蓄電素子およびその製造方法 |
JPWO2021144928A1 (ja) * | 2020-01-16 | 2021-07-22 | ||
JP7407208B2 (ja) | 2020-01-16 | 2023-12-28 | カワサキモータース株式会社 | 蓄電素子およびその製造方法 |
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BR112014030120B1 (pt) | 2021-06-15 |
RU2014147376A (ru) | 2017-01-23 |
DK2871699T3 (da) | 2018-01-29 |
KR101695868B1 (ko) | 2017-01-13 |
PT2871699T (pt) | 2017-12-20 |
EP2871699B1 (en) | 2017-11-08 |
KR20150082112A (ko) | 2015-07-15 |
PL2871699T3 (pl) | 2018-04-30 |
US20150132637A1 (en) | 2015-05-14 |
JPWO2014092031A1 (ja) | 2017-01-12 |
EP2871699A1 (en) | 2015-05-13 |
RU2613525C2 (ru) | 2017-03-16 |
ES2653266T3 (es) | 2018-02-06 |
US10388982B2 (en) | 2019-08-20 |
CN104321920B (zh) | 2017-11-10 |
WO2014091635A1 (ja) | 2014-06-19 |
JP5691048B2 (ja) | 2015-04-01 |
CN104321920A (zh) | 2015-01-28 |
NO2871699T3 (ja) | 2018-04-07 |
EP2871699A4 (en) | 2016-06-22 |
BR112014030120A2 (pt) | 2017-06-27 |
HUE035631T2 (en) | 2018-05-28 |
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