WO2014087915A1 - 排ガス除去用触媒の製造方法及びその製造方法により得られる触媒 - Google Patents
排ガス除去用触媒の製造方法及びその製造方法により得られる触媒 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014087915A1 WO2014087915A1 PCT/JP2013/082037 JP2013082037W WO2014087915A1 WO 2014087915 A1 WO2014087915 A1 WO 2014087915A1 JP 2013082037 W JP2013082037 W JP 2013082037W WO 2014087915 A1 WO2014087915 A1 WO 2014087915A1
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- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- iridium
- palladium
- metal particles
- catalyst metal
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012696 Pd precursors Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 abstract description 29
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 48
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 29
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 7
- GSNZLGXNWYUHMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Ir+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O GSNZLGXNWYUHMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[2-oxo-2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002940 palladium Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004931 aggregating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002503 iridium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KZLHPYLCKHJIMM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iridium(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [Ir+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O KZLHPYLCKHJIMM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Pd+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJVFFLUZDVXJQI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Pd+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003223 protective agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- PFUVRDFDKPNGAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium peroxide Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][O-] PFUVRDFDKPNGAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- DANYXEHCMQHDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichloroiridium Chemical compound Cl[Ir](Cl)Cl DANYXEHCMQHDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/46—Ruthenium, rhodium, osmium or iridium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/46—Ruthenium, rhodium, osmium or iridium
- B01J23/468—Iridium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
- B01D53/945—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC] characterised by a specific catalyst
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0201—Impregnation
- B01J37/0203—Impregnation the impregnation liquid containing organic compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0201—Impregnation
- B01J37/0211—Impregnation using a colloidal suspension
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/16—Reducing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/102—Platinum group metals
- B01D2255/1023—Palladium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/102—Platinum group metals
- B01D2255/1028—Iridium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/20—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their non-solid state
- B01J35/23—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their non-solid state in a colloidal state
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing an exhaust gas removing catalyst and a catalyst obtained by the production method.
- Exhaust gas discharged from internal combustion engines such as automobiles contains harmful gases such as carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and unburned hydrocarbons (HC).
- CO carbon monoxide
- NOx nitrogen oxides
- HC unburned hydrocarbons
- a palladium catalyst is generally used because it is less expensive than rhodium.
- the palladium catalyst has problems such as low heat resistance and low NOx purification ability compared with the highly active rhodium catalyst. Further, in order to reduce the amount of palladium, which is a noble metal, it is necessary to improve the activity of the palladium catalyst.
- Patent Document 1 describes a method of supporting a polymer chelate metal catalyst, and describes a step of supporting a composite metal colloid obtained by chelating two or more kinds of catalyst metals on a carrier with a chelating agent. ing. Patent Document 1 discloses that when barium is supported on a catalyst using a polyvinylpyrrolidone-platinum / rhodium composite colloid, the NOx occlusion amount is not good, so that the dispersibility of barium is improved by using a specific chelating agent. It is described.
- Patent Document 2 describes an exhaust gas purifying catalyst in which a noble metal-supporting base material carries a noble metal.
- Patent Document 3 includes a porous carrier, and palladium and iridium supported on the carrier, and palladium and iridium are supported in an alloyed state with each other. Catalysts for use are described.
- Patent Documents 2 and 3 describes that catalytic metal particles are obtained by simultaneously reducing a colloidal solution containing two kinds of noble metals.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing an exhaust gas removal catalyst that is excellent in heat resistance and purification performance, particularly in a wide range of atmospheres, and a catalyst obtained by the production method.
- the present inventors heated and refluxed a catalytic metal colloid containing iridium and palladium to reduce both metals at the same time, so that both metals were sufficiently alloyed and exhaust gas having a desired activity.
- the inventors have found that a catalyst for removal can be obtained, and have reached the present invention. That is, the present invention includes the following inventions.
- iridium precursor and a palladium precursor are added to a solvent containing at least one selected from polyvinylpyrrolidone, N-methylpyrrolidone, N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and ethylene glycol.
- Process (B) adding a reducing agent to the obtained catalytic metal colloid; (C) a step of obtaining a concentrated solution containing catalyst metal particles by heating and refluxing the obtained solution, and (d) a step of supporting the catalyst metal particles on a support, A method for supporting catalyst metal particles, wherein the content of iridium in the catalyst metal particles is 3 to 10% by mass relative to the total mass of iridium and palladium.
- an exhaust gas purification catalyst having excellent heat resistance and purification performance under a wide range of atmospheres can be obtained.
- FIG. 3-1 is a graph showing the relationship between the ratio of iridium added to the catalyst after endurance at Air 1100 ° C. in the stoichiometric atmosphere, and the temperature (T50 temperature) (A) and the purification rate (B) when the purification rate is 50%. It is.
- FIG. 3-2 is a graph showing the relationship between the iridium addition ratio in the catalyst after endurance at Air 1100 ° C., the T50 temperature (A), and the purification rate (B) in a lean atmosphere.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the ratio of the iridium addition ratio and the CO adsorption amount before and after durability (RL 1100 ° C. durability and Air 1100 ° C. durability).
- FIG. 5-1 is a graph showing the results of a temperature characteristic test of the catalyst (A) of Example 3 and the catalyst (B) of Comparative Example 3 in a rich atmosphere.
- FIG. 5-2 is a graph showing the results of temperature characteristic tests of the catalyst (A) of Example 3 and the catalyst (B) of Comparative Example 3 in a stoichiometric atmosphere.
- FIG. 5-3 is a diagram showing the results of temperature characteristic tests of the catalyst (A) of Example 3 and the catalyst (B) of Comparative Example 3 in a lean atmosphere.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the results of temperature characteristic tests of the catalyst of Example 3 and the catalyst of Comparative Example 3 in a lean atmosphere.
- the method for supporting catalytic metal particles of the present invention includes (a) at least one selected from polyvinylpyrrolidone, N-methylpyrrolidone, N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and ethylene glycol.
- a step of adding a precursor of iridium and a precursor of palladium to a solvent containing includes (b) a step of adding a reducing agent to the resulting catalytic metal colloid, and (c) heating and refluxing the resulting solution.
- a step of obtaining a concentrated solution containing catalytic metal particles and (d) a step of supporting the catalytic metal particles on a support, wherein the iridium content in the catalytic metal particles is 3 to 10 relative to the total mass of iridium and palladium. It is characterized by mass%.
- a iridium precursor and palladium are added to a solvent containing at least one selected from polyvinylpyrrolidone, N-methylpyrrolidone, N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and ethylene glycol.
- a step of adding a precursor thereof is a iridium precursor and palladium.
- polyvinylpyrrolidone, N-methylpyrrolidone, N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and ethylene glycol are used as a protective agent, and by using these, the clustered particles can be protected.
- the reactivity of palladium and iridium can be improved and the degree of alloying can be further increased. It is preferable to use a substance close to the pH of the iridium precursor and the palladium precursor so that precipitation does not occur when the iridium precursor and the palladium precursor are added.
- polyvinyl pyrrolidone and ethylene glycol can be used.
- Water can be mentioned as a solvent that can be used in the step (a).
- step (a) a precursor of iridium and a precursor of palladium are added to the same solvent to obtain a catalytic metal colloid, and reduction treatment is simultaneously performed in the subsequent step (c).
- iridium is easy to produce an oxide and is oxidized prior to palladium. Therefore, by combining iridium with palladium, oxidation of palladium can be suppressed.
- the iridium precursor and the palladium precursor include iridium and palladium salts or complexes.
- the iridium salt or complex include iridium nitrate, iridium acetate, and iridium chloride.
- the palladium salt or complex include palladium chloride, palladium acetate, and palladium nitrate.
- the method of the present invention includes a step of adding a reducing agent to the catalytic metal colloid obtained in step (a) as step (b).
- Examples of the reducing agent used in the step (b) include methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol and the like, and it is preferable to use ethanol.
- the method of the present invention includes a step of obtaining a concentrated solution containing catalyst metal particles by heating and refluxing the obtained solution as step (c).
- step (c) By simultaneously heating and refluxing the palladium / iridium composite metal colloid, the catalyst particles are prevented from aggregating and coarsening (sintering), and palladium and iridium can be arranged close to each other at the atomic level. As a result, it is considered that the activity of palladium can be maintained and the purification rate is improved.
- the content of iridium in the obtained catalyst metal particles is preferably 3 to 10% by mass, particularly preferably 3 to 7% by mass, based on the total mass of iridium and palladium.
- the method of the present invention includes a step of supporting catalyst metal particles on a support as step (d).
- the carrier used in the step (d) include alumina, silica, silica alumina, zeolite, mordenite, titania, ceria, zirconia, ceria-zirconia composite oxide (CZ or ZC), and alumina, ceria. It is preferable to use a zirconia composite oxide (CZ or ZC).
- CZ means Ce-rich composite oxide
- ZC means Zr-rich composite oxide.
- step (d) as a post-treatment, the product may be dried under normal pressure or reduced pressure. Further, in order to promote alloying of the catalyst particles, a step of calcining the catalyst particles formed on the support at 200 to 1000 ° C., preferably 400 to 800 ° C. may be further included after step (b).
- the present invention also relates to a catalyst obtained by the method of the present invention (hereinafter also referred to as the catalyst of the present invention).
- the catalyst of the present invention includes catalytic metal particles containing an oxide of iridium and an oxide of palladium, and a carrier supporting the same, and the content of iridium in the catalytic metal particles is based on the total mass of iridium and palladium. It is 3 to 10% by mass, and preferably 3 to 7% by mass. The content is calculated based on the catalyst raw material. In the catalyst actually obtained, the iridium content in the catalyst metal particles is 3 to 15% by mass, preferably 3 to 11% by mass, based on the total mass of iridium and palladium.
- the gas in the rich atmosphere, stoichiometric atmosphere, and lean atmosphere has the following composition.
- the obtained powder was baked in an electric furnace at 500 ° C. for 2 hours to obtain a catalyst.
- Example 2 A catalyst was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that palladium chloride and iridium nitrate were added so that the mass ratio of Pd and Ir was 93: 7.
- Example 3 A catalyst was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that palladium chloride and iridium nitrate were added so that the mass ratio of Pd and Ir was 90:10.
- Example 1 A catalyst was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that iridium nitrate was not used and the concentration of palladium after addition of palladium chloride was 0.5% by mass.
- Example 2 A catalyst was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that palladium chloride was not used and the concentration of iridium after addition of iridium nitrate was 0.25% by mass.
- polyvinylpyrrolidone was added to pure water, iridium nitrate was added thereto and mixed (iridium concentration: 0.25% by mass), 187.5 mL of ethanol was further added, and the mixture was stirred at about 50 ° C. for 30 minutes. Then, ethanol reduction was performed by refluxing at about 90 ° C. for about 3 hours.
- the obtained solution was mixed so that the mass ratio of Pd and Ir was 90:10 to obtain a concentrated chemical solution.
- An appropriate amount of the resulting concentrated chemical solution was taken and supported on a 100% alumina carrier.
- the obtained powder was baked in an electric furnace at 500 ° C. for 2 hours to obtain a catalyst.
- Endurance Test (1) RL (Rich / Lean) 1100 ° C.
- Endurance Test weighs 6 g of each catalyst and keeps it at 1100 ° C., and repeats a rich atmosphere and a lean atmosphere alternately for 5 hours in a 5-minute cycle. Done by flowing.
- Air 1100 ° C. Endurance Test The Air 1100 ° C. endurance test was performed by weighing 6 g of each catalyst and flowing air for 5 hours while maintaining at 1100 ° C.
- Temperature characteristic test A temperature characteristic test was conducted for THC (total hydrocarbons), CO and NOx purification rates, and T50 temperature in a rich atmosphere, stoichiometric atmosphere, or lean atmosphere (flow rate: 10 L) before and after the durability test.
- the catalyst of Comparative Example 2 before endurance exhibited a purification rate of 60% or more in the rich atmosphere, stoichiometric atmosphere, and lean atmosphere (excluding the CO purification rate in the rich atmosphere and the NOx purification rate in the lean atmosphere).
- the catalyst of Comparative Example 1 before endurance had a purification rate of about 50% because the Ir concentration used was half of the Pd concentration of Comparative Example 2, but compared with the catalyst of Comparative Example 2.
- the purifying activity occurs from a lower temperature, particularly in a lean atmosphere. From this, it was suggested that a catalyst having high purification activity can be obtained by appropriately adding Ir with Pd as the main catalyst.
- the result of a test is shown. From FIG. 2, the tendency of the temperature characteristics of the purification rate of the catalyst of Comparative Example 2 and the catalyst of Comparative Example 1 after endurance at RL 1100 ° C. was almost the same as that before the endurance shown in FIG. In particular, in a rich atmosphere, the catalyst of Comparative Example 1 showed a significantly high NOx purification capacity. From this, it was suggested that a catalyst having high purification activity can be obtained by appropriately adding Ir with Pd as the main catalyst.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the iridium addition ratio in the catalyst after endurance at Air 1100 ° C., the purification rate, and the temperature when the purification rate is 50% (T50 temperature).
- the catalyst of Example 1-3 in which Ir was further added to Pd had substantially the same purification performance as the catalyst of Comparative Example 1 in which only Pd was supported. (Not shown).
- FIG. 4 shows the ratio of the amount of CO adsorbed before and after the addition ratio of iridium and durability (RL1100 ° C. durability and Air 1100 ° C. durability). From FIG. 4, the catalyst of Example 1-3 in which Ir was further added to Pd both after endurance at Air 1100 ° C. and after endurance at RL 1100 ° C. was more durable than the catalyst of Comparative Example 1 in which only Pd was supported. Later, the amount of CO adsorption increased. This indicates that more adsorption sites remain in the catalyst of Example 1-3 to which Ir was added. In particular, after the endurance at Air 1100 ° C., the amount of CO adsorption increased significantly.
- FIG. 5 shows the results of temperature characteristic tests of the catalyst of Example 3 in which Pd and Ir were simultaneously reduced with ethanol and the catalyst of Comparative Example 3 separately reduced in each atmosphere.
- the purification performance was improved overall in a rich atmosphere, a stoichiometric atmosphere, and a lean atmosphere.
- the NOx purification ability was improved by 10% to 20%.
- the purification performance is exhibited even at a lower temperature even in a lean atmosphere (see particularly FIG. 6). Therefore, it was found that the purification performance is improved in a wide range of atmospheres by simultaneously reducing Pd and Ir with ethanol (bimetallic).
- the catalyst obtained by the method of the present invention can be preferably applied to exhaust gas removal, particularly automobile exhaust gas removal.
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Abstract
Description
(b)得られた触媒金属コロイドに還元剤を添加する工程、
(c)得られた溶液を加熱還流させることにより触媒金属粒子を含む濃縮溶液を得る工程、及び
(d)触媒金属粒子を担体に担持する工程を含み、
触媒金属粒子中のイリジウムの含有量が、イリジウム及びパラジウムの総質量に対して3~10質量%である、触媒金属粒子の担持方法。
ストイキ:14.8(CO2)、0.35(O2)、0.29(C3H6)、0.47(CO)、0.33(NO)、3(H2O)
リッチ:14.2(CO2)、0.26(O2)、0.45(C3H6)、1.3(CO)、0.3(NO)、3(H2O)
[実施例1]
純水にポリビニルピロリドンを加え、これに塩化パラジウム及び硝酸イリジウムをPdとIrとの質量比が97:3となるよう添加して混合し(両金属の濃度の和が0.5質量%)、さらに、エタノール375mLを加えて約50℃で30分撹拌した。その後、約90℃で約3時間還流してエタノール還元を行った。得られた濃縮薬液を適量取り、アルミナ100%の担体に担持した。
塩化パラジウム及び硝酸イリジウムをPdとIrとの質量比が93:7となるように添加した以外は実施例1と同様にして触媒を得た。
塩化パラジウム及び硝酸イリジウムをPdとIrとの質量比が90:10となるように添加した以外は実施例1と同様にして触媒を得た。
硝酸イリジウムを使用せず、塩化パラジウム添加後のパラジウムの濃度を0.5質量%としたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして触媒を得た。
塩化パラジウムを使用せず、硝酸イリジウム添加後のイリジウムの濃度を0.25質量%としたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして触媒を得た。
純水に塩化パラジウムを添加して混合し(パラジウム濃度0.5質量%)、さらに、エタノール375mLを加えて約50℃で30分撹拌した。その後、約90℃で約3時間還流してエタノール還元を行った。
(1)RL(Rich/Lean)1100℃耐久試験
RL1100℃耐久試験は、各触媒6gを秤量し、1100℃で保持しながらリッチ雰囲気とリーン雰囲気を5分間サイクルで5時間、交互に繰り返し流すことにより行った。
Air1100℃耐久試験は、各触媒6gを秤量し、1100℃で保持しながら空気を5時間流すことにより行った。
耐久試験前及び耐久試験後の触媒をリッチ雰囲気、ストイキ雰囲気又はリーン雰囲気(流量10L)において、THC(全炭化水素)、CO及びNOx浄化率並びにT50温度について温度特性試験を行った。
RL1100℃耐久試験前後又はAir1100℃耐久試験前後の各触媒について、COパルスによるCO吸着量測定を行った。
有機分析による貴金属比率の分析は、各触媒約0.1gを秤量し、過酸化ナトリウム水溶液に溶解した後、水を加えて200mlにメスアップして得られたサンプルについて、誘導結合プラズマ(Inductively Coupled Plasma:ICP)を用いて行った。結果を以下に示す。尚、各触媒は耐久前のものを使用した。
実施例2 質量比で90:10
実施例3 質量比で87:13
図1に、各雰囲気における、耐久前の比較例1の触媒(質量比Pd:Ir=100:0)と耐久前の比較例2の触媒(質量比Pd:Ir=0:100)の温度特性試験の結果を示す。耐久前の比較例2の触媒については、リッチ雰囲気、ストイキ雰囲気及びリーン雰囲気において60%以上の浄化率を示した(リッチ雰囲気におけるCO浄化率とリーン雰囲気におけるNOx浄化率を除く)。一方、耐久前の比較例1の触媒については、用いたIr濃度が比較例2のPd濃度の半分であるために、浄化率は50%程度であったが、比較例2の触媒と比較して、特にリーン雰囲気下においてより低温から浄化活性が生じることがわかる。このことから、Pdを主触媒としてIrを適宜添加することにより、浄化活性の高い触媒が得られることが示唆された。
Claims (3)
- (a)ポリビニルピロリドン、N-メチルピロリドン、N-ビニル-2-ピロリドン及びエチレングリコールから選択される少なくとも1種以上を含有する溶媒に、イリジウムの前駆体及びパラジウムの前駆体を添加する工程、
(b)得られた触媒金属コロイドに還元剤を添加する工程、
(c)得られた溶液を加熱還流させることにより触媒金属粒子を含む濃縮溶液を得る工程、及び
(d)触媒金属粒子を担体に担持する工程を含み、
触媒金属粒子中のイリジウムの含有量が、イリジウム及びパラジウムの総質量に対して3~10質量%である、触媒金属粒子の担持方法。 - 触媒金属粒子中のイリジウムの含有量が、イリジウム及びパラジウムの総質量に対して3~7質量%である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 請求項1又は2に記載の方法により得られる、排ガス除去用触媒。
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EP13860288.3A EP2926900B1 (en) | 2012-12-03 | 2013-11-28 | Method for supporting catalyst metal particles, and supported catalyst metal particles obtainable by said method |
RU2015120437/04A RU2604537C1 (ru) | 2012-12-03 | 2013-11-28 | Способ изготовления катализатора для очистки выхлопных газов и катализатор, полученный данным способом изготовления |
CN201380062978.4A CN104822453B (zh) | 2012-12-03 | 2013-11-28 | 排气除去用催化剂的制造方法和采用该制造方法得到的催化剂 |
US14/439,936 US9889432B2 (en) | 2012-12-03 | 2013-11-28 | Method for producing catalyst for exhaust gas removal and catalyst obtained by the production method |
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