WO2014086100A1 - 水稻抗高温相关基因OsZFP、筛选标记及其分离方法 - Google Patents
水稻抗高温相关基因OsZFP、筛选标记及其分离方法 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of plant genetic engineering and molecular breeding technology. Specifically, more specifically, it relates to the localization, isolation, functional analysis, sequence characterization, regulatory sequence identification, and co-segregation of molecular marker scoring and creation of plant anti-high temperature genes and their improvement in stress resistance of crops such as rice
- the application of a method and program for genetic transformation and molecular marker-assisted selection of a high temperature resistant gene in rice Further, the present invention relates to the use of the use of the anti-high temperature gene to improve the stress resistance of crops such as rice.
- Rice is the most important food crop and is the main food source for more than half of the world's population (Khush, 2005). Reports show that rice production can grow at a rate of 0.6-0.9% per year to meet people's needs in 2050 (Carriger and Vallee, 2007). The increase in crop yields depends on farmland, and the sustainable development of agricultural production needs to avoid environmental degradation, ecological balance damage and loss of biodiversity (Cassman, 1999; Tilman et al., 2002). Crop yield is mainly determined by photosynthesis and respiration.
- Hsp90 heat shock protein
- rHsp90 responds to several stresses such as salt, drought and high temperature, and 42. C and 50 °C high temperature treatment for 30 minutes can significantly increase the expression of rHsp90 (Liu et al., 2006).
- 40 of the iced rice genes contain ⁇ -crystals, of which 23 are heat shock proteins (Sarkar et al., 2009). Microarray and RT-PCR analysis showed that 19 of the 23 heat shock proteins were up-regulated at high temperatures.
- Chang et al. transferred the rice heat shock protein HsplOl to tobacco and found that overexpressed plants survived at higher temperatures than wild-type controls.
- Zinc finger protein is a large family of transcription factors in life processes such as gene expression regulation, cell differentiation, embryo development (Gerisman & Pabo, 1997; Laity et al., 2001), especially in stress resistance. Gene expression plays an important role in the regulation of gene expression (Li & Chen, 2000). According to cysteine (C) and histidine (H) in zinc finger proteins The number and location of residues can be divided into subclasses such as C2H2, C2C2, C3H, C3HC4 (ie RING finger) and C3HC5 (ie LM finger). Among them, C2H2 type zinc finger protein is the most well-known type of protein in the dictionary.
- ZFP177 is responsive to both low temperature and high temperature stress.
- ZFP177 is responsive to both low temperature and high temperature stress.
- Overexpression of ZFP177 gene the obtained transgenic tobacco can withstand low temperature of 2 °C and high temperature of 55 °C, but is more sensitive to salt stress and drought stress, indicating that ZFP177 plays an important role in various abiotic stresses of plants. The role, but different stress effects may have different response mechanisms.
- Gerisman H.A Pabo C. (1997). A general strategy for selecting high-affinity zinc finger protein for diverse DNA target sites. Science. 275:657-661.
- a novel rice high temperature resistant gene provides a breeding method for restoring temperature-sensitive plants to non-temperature-sensitive plants and converting ordinary plants into high-temperature resistant plants.
- the invention relates to the following aspects:
- polynucleotide sequence of the gene is a polynucleotide sequence selected from any one of the following:
- B) contains GGGGGGGGGG which remains unchanged from nucleotides 2360 to 2371 in the nucleotide sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO. 1, and is deleted, replaced, inserted in a nucleotide sequence other than this.
- a host cell characterized in that the cell comprises the polypeptide of Item 1, or the gene of Item 2, or the vector of Item 3, wherein the host cell is preferably a eukaryotic cell, Plant cells and yeast cells are preferred, and the plant cells are preferably grasses, particularly preferably rice (Oryza sativa L.) cells.
- a molecular marker for screening, locating, and isolating a new nucleotide sequence the marker being selected from the group consisting of
- Insertion/deletion marker InDel5 which is located between 9130-9150 kb of the short arm of the rice cockroach, and the amplified product of the marker has a length polymorphism;
- SNP marker in a high temperature rice and a high temperature resistant rice plant, based on the polynucleotide sequence of SEQ ID N0.1, the corresponding sequences of the markers are TGT705ACA and TGG705ACA, respectively;
- Microsatellite DNA marker RM7364 which is located between 9440-9450 kb of the ninth chromosome of rice and the short arm end of the marker, and the amplified product of the marker by the primer has a length polymorphism.
- a plant breeding method comprising the gene of claim 2, or the polypeptide of claim 1, or the vector of item 3, or the host cell of item 4, or item 5 or 6 Said mark.
- a method for restoring a temperature-sensitive rice to a non-temperature-sensitive rice comprising: genetically operatively mutating a nucleotide corresponding to position 705 of SEQ IDN 0.1 in chromosome 19 of the temperature-sensitive rice genome to G.
- a method for inducing a high temperature phenotype of rice comprising: inserting, by genetic manipulation, a 5' end corresponding to the 2360th position of SEQ ID NO. 1 in chromosome 9 of a rice genome having no high temperature phenotype,
- the high temperature is preferably 42 ° C or above, 45 ° C or above, 48 ° C or above, or 50 ° C or above.
- a method for making temperature-sensitive rice a high-temperature resistant rice comprising mutating a nucleotide corresponding to position 705 of SEQ ID NO. 1 of the temperature-sensitive rice genome chromosome 9 to G by genetic manipulation And inserting a G upstream of the 5th end of the 2360th position on chromosome 9 of the temperature-sensitive rice genome, so that the resulting nucleotide sequence It is the same as the nucleotides 2360 to 2371 in the nucleotide sequence shown by SEQ ID NO. 1, that is, the sequence from the 2360 position away from the start codon includes a continuous 12 G, wherein the high temperature Preferably, 42 ⁇ or more, 45 ° C or more, 48 ° C or more, or 50 ° C or more.
- the invention relates to a method for identifying high temperature resistance characteristics of plants, and the method can be summarized as follows: that is, soil seedlings with two leaves, one heart period and three leaves and one heart stage, treated at 45-48 ° C for 7 9 hours, recovering After 5 days, the temperature reaction results were observed. As a standard procedure for high temperature resistance identification, the relative humidity and other planting conditions were set at the same level.
- the size of the potted pots is 43 cm in length, 33 cm in width and 10 cm in height, and the potted soil is added in equal amounts after weighing, and the cultivation standard is 5 rows per variety. 12 lines per line, 1 line of high temperature material is planted around as a protection line to eliminate the marginal influence, clear boundaries are reserved between the protection line and the formal experimental materials; the humidity in the growth chamber is set to 75% during processing, and the light and dark cycle is rotated. The duration is set to 12h.
- FIG. 1 High temperature stress treatment test and high temperature resistance of resistant and susceptible varieties HT54 and HT13.
- the figure shows the growth condition of the soil culture seedlings in the two-leaf and one-heart period after 79 hours of recovery at different high temperature treatments, A: 42 °C high temperature treatment; B: 45 °C high temperature treatment; C: 48 "C high temperature Treatment; It can be seen from the photo results in the figure that the heat shock response of high temperature resistant HT54 and high temperature HT13 to 45 °C and 48 °C treatment showed qualitative difference in survival and death.
- FIG. 2 shows the microsatellite molecular marker (SSLP) linkage genetic map established by rice high temperature gene mapping. The distance between the markers is the physical distance.
- SSLP microsatellite molecular marker
- FIG. 3 HT54 (anti) X HT13 (sensing) Hybrid F2 generation preliminary high-locking group detection results.
- the molecular marker used was the SSR marker RM444 located in the ninth linkage group of rice.
- M indicates a molecular weight marker; RP is a high temperature resistant parent; SP is a high temperature parent; RB is a high temperature extreme single DNA pool; SB is a high temperature extreme single DNA pool; F1 is a hybrid first generation plant; F2 hidden sexy high temperature extreme single plant.
- FIG. 1 Linkage genetic map of the high temperature gene OsHTAS on chromosome 9.
- Figure 5 Using a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-transformed PCR-RFLP marker pair in a candidate gene (ZFP) sequence between anti- and hypersensitivity parents using InDel5 and M7364 Marks the results of the detection of the exchanged strains present in the population of the map.
- SNP single nucleotide polymorphism
- ZFP candidate gene
- M, RP, SP, and S represent a molecular weight marker (DL2000), a high temperature resistant parent HT54, a sensible high temperature parent HT13, and three exchange strains, respectively.
- Figure 6 Analysis of the dynamic expression pattern of ZFP anti-allergic alleles at 42 °C for high temperature stress treatment.
- the analytical method used was real-time quantitative PCR analysis with the rice actin gene acti n as an internal standard.
- the red solid bar in the figure indicates the expression of ZFP at different time points for HT54 (anti-), and the blue solid bar indicates the expression of ZFP at different time points.
- the expression pattern of this gene in the resistant and susceptible high temperature varieties HT54 and HT 13 is basically the same. In HT13, the expression level of this gene rises to 3.68 times before treatment ( Oh) at 2 hours after treatment. At this time, the expression level in HT54 only rose to 1.64 times before the treatment.
- FIG. 7 Subcellular localization analysis of the anti-high temperature gene (3 ⁇ 4Z ⁇ coding sequence). The figure shows: Compared with the control 35S-YFP, the 35S-ZFP-YFP, the fusion protein of the high temperature gene encoding product and the yellow fluorescent protein, is mainly located in the cell membrane. On.
- Figure 8 is a list of the high temperature resistant OsZFP DNA sequence, coding sequence and its product amino acid sequence involved in the present application.
- the inventors established a high-temperature standardized identification procedure for rice seedlings.
- the outstanding advantages of this identification procedure are that the resistance, the sensation type are clear, the result is reproducible, and the practical application is strong. Therefore, the establishment of this program will provide a good technical basis for the screening and evaluation of rice resistant to high temperature germplasm resources, genetic analysis of anti-high temperature genes, chromosome mapping and cloning.
- the identification refer to the content described in Embodiment 1.
- the inventors used the high temperature resistant rice material HT54, the sensible high temperature rice material HT 13 and its hybrid progeny F 1 and F2 as exemplary experimental materials to molecularly locate the rice high temperature resistant gene.
- SSLP DNA length polymorphism molecular markers
- Extraction of rice genomic DNA was performed using a small amount of DNA extraction as reported by McCouch et al. (1988).
- the specific method steps are as follows: 1) Cut a small piece of leaf 4-5 cm, add 700 L 1.5 X CTAB (containing 1.5% CTAB, 75 mM Tris-HCI, 15 mM EDTA, 1.05 M NaCl), fully grind; 2) grind The homogenate was transferred to a 1.5 ml centrifuge tube, cooled to room temperature at 20 ° C in a 56 ° C water bath; 3) Add an equal volume of chloroform: isoamyl alcohol (24: 1 ), shake well; 4) Maximum speed (13200 rpm) Centrifuge for 10 min; 5) Transfer the supernatant to a new centrifuge tube and add twice the volume of pre-cooled 100% alcohol.
- the rice plant test base of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences used the high temperature resistant material HT54 as the male parent and the high temperature sensitive material HT13 as the female parent to prepare the hybrid combination.
- the female parent HT13 is treated as a "warm soup to kill male” method.
- HT13 is a temperature-sensitive material
- the temperature setting of the warm soup is 2 °C lower than usual to avoid damage to the pistil.
- the specific method is as follows: At the heading stage of rice, at 7:30 am on a sunny day, select the tassel of the female HT13 (take out 2/3), put the water temperature to 43 °C, and put the warm water bottle upside down to cover the mother ear, and use the cotton plug.
- hybrid F1 was planted in Hainan. After the plants were grown, the leaves were extracted for DNA. The SSR markers 3-4 with polymorphisms of the two parents were used to test whether the plants were true hybrids, and the plants were bagged after heading. The F2 seeds were harvested for subsequent high temperature identification, and the genetic analysis of the high temperature resistant genes was carried out by the anti-sensitivity ratio after high temperature treatment and against high temperature gene localization.
- Sampling when the seedling grows to the three-leaf stage, the second leaf of each plant is placed at -80 °C for about 2-3 cm; the water tank is used for identification and extraction of sensitive individual plants. DNA. D. After the seedlings resume growth for 2 days, that is, the day before the third leaf is about to fully grow, it is transferred to an artificial climate chamber for high temperature treatment.
- the artificial climate chamber settings are as follows: 33°Clh (light Light, abbreviated as L, the same below) ⁇ 36°Clh ( L) ⁇ 39°Clh ( L) ⁇ 42°Clh ( L) ⁇ 45 °Clh (L) ⁇ 48°C7h (L) ⁇ 48°C12h (Dark Dark, abbreviated as D, the same below) ⁇ 48°C12h (L) ⁇ 48°C12h (D) ⁇ 48°C12h (L) ⁇ 48°C12h (D) ⁇ 48 ° C 12h (L).
- the humidity is 75%.
- the SSR analysis was mainly modified by the method of Wu et al. (1993).
- the PCR was 25 ⁇ x system: 2.5 10 ⁇ buffer (Mg2+); 0.5 ⁇ 110Mm dNTP; ⁇ . ⁇ 5 ⁇ 5'-primer; 1.0 ⁇ 5 ⁇ 3'-primer 0.5 ⁇ Taq polymerase; 1.0 ⁇ DNA; 18.5 ⁇ ddH 2 0.
- dNTP is ordered from Shanghai Shenggong and Taq Polymerase is ordered from Dingguo.
- the PCR amplification procedure was: pre-denaturation at 94 °C for 5 min, then 35 cycles (denaturation at 94 °C for 45 s, selection of primers suitable for annealing at 50-60 ° C for 45 s, 72 ° C for 45 s), followed by 72 ° C continues to extend for 10 min.
- the amplified product was detected by 3% agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) or 4% denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE).
- the F2 generation segregating population was used to construct the mapping population, and the gene mapping was performed by the recessive extreme population method.
- the molecular marker used was the microsatellite DNA polymorphism molecular marker (SSLP).
- SSLP microsatellite DNA polymorphism molecular marker
- the specific procedure is as follows: First, the F2 segregating population is subjected to high temperature treatment, and a single plant having a high temperature is selected for use as a mapping population for gene mapping. Then, from the F2 segregating population, 10 strains of each of the resistant and susceptible high-temperature types were randomly selected, and the leaves were mixed in equal amounts to grind and extract the DNA for constructing a DNA pool with high sensitivity and high temperature resistance.
- the two DNA pools were first labeled and analyzed to screen for polymorphisms in the two DNA pools.
- the label by which, initially determines the linkage group in which the gene is located.
- the polymorphism markers obtained in the DNA pool are used to separate the above F2 generations.
- the mapping population constructed by the recessive extreme individuals was genotyped one by one, and the obtained data was used for the preliminary localization of the target gene.
- the positioning segment is further subjected to label encryption analysis so that the length of the positioning segment is at least, and the SSLP marker used is obtained from the grass genome database (http://www.gramene.org). It is also possible to design synthesis based on the genome sequence until such markers are used up in the linkage group involved in the gene of interest. Then, using biological information to analyze the biological function prediction and molecular characterization (including motifs, functional domains, conserved sequences, and regulatory sequences, etc.) of the coding sequences in the marker interval (generally at least 0.5 Mb or less), so that Identify candidate genes. Then, specific primers were designed for the candidate genes, and the candidate genes were cloned and sequenced by TA cloning, and the target gene was predicted based on whether there was a difference.
- a corresponding to the HT54 band type is denoted as B
- the HT13 band type is denoted as B
- the parental band type is denoted as H
- the unbanded type is denoted as -.
- Linkage genetic analysis was performed using MAPMAKER 3.0 software (Lander et al, 1987) to calculate the genetic distance (cM) and genetic mapping Mapdraw 2.1 (Liu Renhu and Meng Jinling, 2003) to locate the high temperature gene.
- the invention has also developed a new positioning marker, and an example of the preparation of the marker is shown in Example 2 below.
- a total of 2304 SSLP molecular markers were used to screen the parents for polymorphism.
- a total of 322 SSLP-labeled molecules with polymorphism between the parents were screened, and their distribution on the chromosome was measured by physical distance as shown in Fig. 6.
- the 9-chromosome and the vicinity of the centromere, the polymorphic SSLP marker obtained more uniformly covers each chromosome.
- microsatellite molecular marker (SSLP) linkage genetic map established by rice resistance to high temperature gene mapping is shown in Figure 2.
- the distance between the markers is the physical distance.
- the amplification intensity of the two parental bands is basically the same; the anti-high temperature DNA pool type is heterozygous, but the HT54 band type is significantly stronger than the HT 13 band, suggesting anti- The high temperature DNA pool may contain both high temperature homozygous and hybrid; the high temperature DNA pool type is basically HT13 band type, indicating that the DNA pool is mainly composed of DNA of a recessive homozygous single plant with high temperature, thus indicating The molecular markers used may be linked to the target high temperature resistant gene. Therefore, 61 verified extreme temperature high temperature single plants and 40 high temperature resistant single plants were selected from the high temperature treated F2 population to construct two validation populations for RM444 labeling analysis.
- Fine positioning further locates the anti-high temperature gene between the two molecular markers RM7364 and InDel5, the actual physical separation of the interval is 420bp
- RM23687, RM23719 and RGNMS299 L use these three markers to scan the 61 previously used target populations.
- RM23719 and RM23687 are indeed linked to the high temperature resistant OsHTAS gene (Fig. 4a) with linkage distances of 12.2 cM and 13.1 cM, respectively, while RGNM2991 failed to obtain valid data; in addition, RM23719 was also found immediately below RM444, both The genetic distance is 0.9 cM (Fig.
- RM23982, RM23985, RM7364 and RM24019 also showed polymorphisms between the anti- and high-sensitivity DNA pools, and then used these markers to further label the 61 F2-targeted populations.
- the high temperature resistant gene OsHTAS was positioned between RM23985 and RM7364 (see Figure 8b).
- 90 pairs of Insertion/Deletion (InDel) markers were designed based on the sequence information of the indica genome, after the marker analysis of the parents. Eight pairs of primers with parental polymorphisms were found, but only InDel3 and InDel5 were significantly different between the parents, and it was easy to identify the population band type.
- thermostable gene OsHTAS on chromosome 9 The linkage genetic map of the thermostable gene OsHTAS on chromosome 9 is shown in Figure 4.
- the primer sequences of these two insertion/deletion markers are, respectively, InDel3F: 5 '-GTTTGCG ACATTGGAGCCTTC-3 ' and InDeBR: 5 '-AATGCTTGGGTATGCTAG GTGAA-3 '; InDel5F: 5 '-TCCTCGGAGATGTTTGACCTTG-3 ' and InDel5R: 5' - CAGAAGGTG TACGCAACTCTTGT-3 '.
- the rice thermostable gene OsHTAS was further mapped between RM7364 and InDd5, and the genetic distance between the gene and the two closely linked markers was 2.5cM and 1.7cM, respectively.
- the actual physical distance between 420Kb 0 Then, the population was expanded to 131 strains, and the genetic linkage distances between the detected InDel3, InDel5, RM7364, RM24019 and the high temperature resistant gene OsHTAS were 4.0 cM, 3.2 cM, 1.2 cM and 1.6 cM, respectively (Fig. 4b). .
- These localization results were basically consistent with the localization results of the 61 target populations mentioned above.
- the identified candidate gene is the zinc finger protein gene, which has two SNP differences between the anti- and high-temperature parents and is co-segregated with the PCR-RFLP marker developed by one of them.
- the existing biological database information is used in combination with the published genetic data to select and determine candidate genes.
- Searching for the 420Kb long targeting segment from Indel5 to RM7364) from http: ⁇ rice.plantbiology.msu.edu/
- the DNA sequence found a total of 60 known and unknown genes, of which 15 were encoded by retrotransposition
- the genes of the daughter proteins, 6 are genes encoding transposon proteins, 27 are genes encoding known functional proteins, and 12 are genes encoding unknown functional proteins.
- the existing report shows that: the relevant ubiquitin-binding enzyme protein
- LOC_Os09gl 5250 ubiquitin-binding protein
- LOC-Os09gl5320 transport family protein
- LOC-Os09gl5330 transport family protein
- hydrolase LOC-Os09gl5340
- LOC_Os09gl 5420 NAD-dependent epimerase/dehydratase
- LOC_Os09gl 5420 zinc finger protein
- Both ubiquitin-binding protein (LOC_Os09gl532) and zinc finger protein (LOC_Os09gl5430) are highly expressed in LOC_Os09gl5430) and the serine/threonine-rich protein T10 (LOC_Os09gl5480) in the DGCR region, indicating that these two genes are Seedling growth plays an important role.
- the cDNA sequences of the two candidate genes and the promoter and terminator genomic DNA sequences were amplified from the seedling leaves of the resistant and susceptible parents, and the cDNA sequences of the resistant and susceptible parents were found to be different, but the zinc finger was not found.
- SNP single base polymorphism
- the size of the labeled PCR amplification product was 580 bp.
- the amplified PCR product was recovered, and then the fragment was digested with the endonuclease Bspl407 I enzyme (Promega).
- the results showed that the amplified product of HT54 could not be digested, and the fragment size was still 580 bp. All the exchanges presented in the HT13 and 131 mapping populations could be digested by enzymes. After cleavage, the size was 422 bp and 158 bp. Fragment ( Figure 5).
- the PRBspl407I marker exhibits a 0 exchange strain between InDel5 and RM7304. This test results indicate that the marker and the anti-high temperature gene OsHTAS are co-segregated under the condition of the size of the population used, thereby further identifying the candidate gene as a finger protein gene.
- a high temperature resistant rice variety HT54 and a high temperature sensitive rice variety HT13 are used as exemplary test materials.
- the high temperature treatment period is the seedling stage.
- the artificial climate chamber used is the intelligent artificial climate chamber PRX-1000B produced by Zhejiang Ningbo Fu Experimental Instrument Factory.
- the temperature setting is divided into three treatments: 42 °C, 45 °C and 48 °C.
- the temperature is Starting at 33 °C at a rate of 3 °C/h until the set high temperature is reached, the humidity used is 75%, and other cultivation conditions are set at the same level.
- the HT54 and HT13 seedlings of rice resistant and susceptible high temperature were transferred to the growth chamber by soil culture until the two leaves, one heart and three leaves, and the high temperature treatment was carried out for three kinds of temperatures.
- the treatment time was 79 hours. After the treatment was completed and the recovery was completed for 5 days, the seedlings were observed. Reaction to high temperatures.
- Figure 1 It can be clearly seen from the results of Figure 1: When the temperature is 42 ° C, the resistance after treatment is high. The seedlings of the warm variety were completely alive; while when the treatment temperature was 45 °C and 48 °C, the resistant and susceptible high temperature varieties showed a difference in quality survival and death (Fig. 1), but it is clear that 45 ⁇ is not a high temperature resistant variety HT54.
- the high-temperature identification procedure for rice seedlings determined by the test can be summarized as: two-leaf and one-hearted soil-cultivated seedlings, treated at 48 °C and 75% relative humidity for 79 hours, and after 5 days of recovery, the response of the seedlings to high temperature is observed. And whether it can survive as an indicator of rice resistance and high temperature.
- the heat shock response of high temperature resistant HT54 and high temperature HT13 to 45 °C and 48 °C treatments showed qualitative differences in survival and death.
- the inventors have developed new positioning marks. Specifically, the inventors searched for the insertion/deletion polymorphism (Insertion/Deletion, InDel) by the genome-wide sequence difference of Japonica Nippon and Japonica rice 9311 published by NCBI (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/). Site. Based on the DNA sequences at both ends of this site, Primer5.0 was used to design appropriate primers to ensure the specificity of the primers by NCBI online Primer blast.
- insertion/deletion polymorphism Insertion/Deletion, InDel
- a) Add A reaction Since the purified PCR product is obtained by amplification with Proybest enzyme, the terminal end is blunt end, and base A is required to carry out TA cloning.
- the total system for adding A reaction is 20 L.
- the components and volume to be added are: lO x PCR buffer, 2 L; Taq enzyme, 0.5 L; dNTPs (10 mM), 0.5 L; PCR purified product, 17 L. Mix and put on the PCR machine, store at 72 °C for 30 min, and store at 4 °C.
- the force A reaction product was purified using an Axy Prep PCR Clean-up Kit (Axygen).
- E. coli heat-shock transformation extract competent cells from -80, add ⁇ to connect the reaction solution, gently shake the hook and place on the water for 30 min; 42" hot bath for 90 s, immediately placed on the water for 2 min; Add 800 ⁇ LB medium to the tube, and incubate at 45 ° C shaker at a low speed for 45 mm (revitalize the bacteria, the rotation speed does not exceed 190 rpm); enrich the above solution and apply it on the LB screening plate (Amp/IPTG/X-Gal). After the bacterial solution was completely absorbed by the medium, the culture was inverted and cultured at 37 ° C overnight.
- PCR product electrophoresis identification The PCR product of the negative colony is 156 bp in length (only the amplified sequence on the vector), and the positive colony PCR product fragment is larger than 156 bp (target gene fragment length + 156 bp).
- the new marker described in the present invention is composed of anti- and high-temperature parents.
- a SNP that appears on the promoter of the candidate gene is developed. Specifically, the appearance of the SNP results in a change in the restriction site of the restriction endonuclease Bspl407 I, which is 5'- on the anti-high temperature parent. TGGACA-3', can not be recognized by I, and the sequence on the sensitive high temperature parent is 5'-TGTACA-3', which can be identified; therefore, specific primers are designed for the region where the SNP is located, and the corresponding primers are amplified. Genomic fragment, and then digested Bs_p 407 ⁇ l], this polymorphism can be detected difference.
- the specific primer sequences designed in this example are: BspF: 5 ' -CCATCCAAACACGCCCTAA-3 ' and BspR: 5 '
- the product size of the PCR amplification was 580 bp
- the two PCR fragments of the PCR product from the sensitive high temperature parent were 422 bp and 158 bp, respectively.
- the PCR-RFLP markers thus developed were recorded as RBspl407.
- This marker has been shown to be co-segregated with the target gene during high temperature gene mapping.
- the inventors used this marker to verify the three recombined individuals that were present in the recessive extremity population after analysis by two closely linked markers RM7364 and InDel5, and the results showed a hidden sexy
- the results of consistent high temperature parents are shown in Figure 5 .
- the inventors have also developed an insertion/deletion marker InDe which is located between 9130-9150 kb from the short arm end of the rice ninth chromosome, and the marker has Length polymorphism; and microsatellite DNA marker RM7364, which is located between 9440-9450 kb of the ninth chromosome of rice.
- primers RM7364F: 5 '-TTCGTGGATGGAGGGAGTAC-3 '; and RM7364R: 5 '-RGCGTTTGTAGGAGTGCCAC-3 ' were designed, and similarly, it was found that the amplified product of the labeled primer had a length polymorphism between the anti- and sense parents. .
- a novel gene located on chromosome 9 of the rice genome namely a dominant high temperature tolerance gene (3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ⁇ 5.
- the dominant high temperature resistant gene (3 ⁇ 4//7 ⁇ 5 and
- the difference in the DNA sequence of the recessive allele Oshtcis is only a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) difference, which occurs in the (3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ 5 5 untranslated region and is resistant to high temperature, salt and drought tolerance).
- SNP single nucleotide polymorphism
- TTTTTTTTTTTTTGGGGGGGGGGG One more G; dominant high temperature tolerance gene ( LOC_Os09gl 5430 )
- the OsHTAS genome sequence is 4784 bp in length
- the coding sequence ( CDS ) is 1245 bp in length
- the encoded product is 414 aa , belonging to zinc finger cluster protein
- rice Oryza sativa
- the specific sequence of the gene is shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 in the Sequence Listing.
- the inventors inserted, deleted, and replaced part of the gene during the specific test, and performed functional verification on the obtained mutant. The results showed that the genetic code was degenerate and some sites were mutated.
- the mutant obtained later retained the same high temperature resistance as the gene shown by SEQ ID ⁇ : 1. More specifically, the nucleotides 2360 to 2371 in the nucleotide sequence corresponding to the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO. 1 remain unchanged as GGGGGGGGGGGG, and are deleted in the nucleotide sequence other than The polypeptide encoded by the polynucleotide sequence obtained by replacing, inserting one or more nucleotides still has a high temperature resistance function.
- Said insertions, deletions, substitutions are carried out according to genetic manipulation methods well known in the art, and the number of nucleotides to be varied is preferably from 1 to 100, more preferably from 1 to 50, from 1 to 20, more preferably from 1 to 10 nucleosides. Acid change.
- the inventors linked the anti-high temperature gene of the present invention to an inducible promoter, constructed an expression vector, and transformed it into a host cell such as yeast DY1455 or Arabidopsis thaliana Columbia, and successfully obtained a positive transformant.
- the high temperature and high temperature resistant varieties were treated continuously for 96 hours at 42 °C, and at 12 time points (0h, lh, 2h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 12h, 24h, 48h, 72h, 84h, 96h) Sampling and extraction of RNA. After the end of the treatment, all plants were placed at 30 ° C for recovery for 1 hour, and RNA was sampled at 3 time points (% hl0m, %h45m, 97h).
- Real-time quantitative PCR expression analysis of the candidate gene OsHTAS The results showed that the expression pattern of this gene was basically the same in the high temperature resistant varieties HT54 and HT13. In HT13, the expression level of the gene increased to 3.68 times before treatment (Oh) at 2 hours after treatment. The expression level in HT54 only rose to 1.64 times before treatment (Fig. 6).
- a specific sequence of the CDS region and the UTR region of the candidate gene was ligated into the RNA interference vector PTCK303, and introduced into the genome of Nipponbare and susceptible HT13 by Agrobacterium-mediated method, each of which obtained 5 and three positives. Independent transformant. Thereafter, the soil culture seedlings of these positive independent transformants were subjected to a high temperature treatment at 48 °C for 79 hours in the two-leaf, one-heart, three-leaf one-heart period using the artificial climate chamber mentioned above, and the wild type plants were used as controls. After the treatment, the growth chamber was removed and the growth was resumed under normal temperature for 5 days, and then the response of the seedlings to the high temperature treatment was observed. The results showed that the interfering plants after high temperature treatment had higher anti-high temperature energy and higher survival rate than the wild type, and the results further indicated that the selected candidate genes were indeed related to the high temperature resistance.
- results of the invention disclosed in the present application can enhance the understanding of the basic genetic laws of high-temperature traits by those skilled in the art, and at the same time, the localization of the anti-high temperature genetic locus and the identification and cloning of candidate genes and the development of co-segregation markers are It will lay a good theoretical and material basis for the functional analysis of subsequent candidate genes and the effective use in molecular breeding.
- SEQ ID NO. 1 OsHTAS genomic sequence
- SEQ ID NO. 3 OsHTAS protein polypeptide sequence; SEQ ID NO. 4 artificial primer sequence; SEQ ID NO. 5 artificial primer sequence; SEQ ID NO. 6 artificial primer sequence; SEQ ID N0.7 artificial primer sequence; SEQ ID NO. 8 artificial primer sequence; SEQ ID N0.9 Artificial primer sequence; SEQ ID NO. 10 artificial primer sequence ⁇ 'j; SEQ ID NO. 11 artificial primer sequence.
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Abstract
本发明提供一种经分离的水稻内源抗高温基因(简称OsZFP基因)及其所编码的多肽;包含本发明的抗高温基因或其所编码的多肽的优选水稻细胞以及所述植物细胞的制备方法。并进一步提供选育作物抗高温新品种的新方法和新技术包括抗高温相关的调控序列和标定所述抗高温基因的紧密连锁分子标记及其序列。
Description
水稻抗高温相关基因 OsZFP、 歸选标记及其分离方法 技术领域
本发明涉及植物基因工程和分子育种技术领域。 具体地说, 更具 体而言, 涉及植物抗高温基因的定位、 分离、 功能分析、 序列特征化、 调控序列鉴定和共分离分子标记薛选与创造及其在改良水稻等作物的 抗逆性方面的应用水稻中的一种抗高温基因的遗传转化和分子标记辅 助选择方法与程序。 此外本发明还涉及借助所述利用抗高温基因来改 良水稻等作物的抗逆性方面的应用。
背景技术
水稻是最重要的粮食农作物, 而且是世界上一半以上人口的主要 食物来源 (Khush, 2005 ) , 报道显示, 水稻产量以每年 0.6-0.9%增长 速率才能在 2050 年满足人们生活的需求(Carriger and Vallee, 2007 ) 。 作物产量的增加依赖农田, 农业生产的可持续发展需要避免环境的恶 化、 生态平衡的破坏以及生物多样性的丧失(Cassman, 1999; Tilman et al., 2002 ) 。 作物产量主要是由光合作用和呼吸作用决定的, 然而, 光 合作用和呼吸作用均对温度敏感 (Yoshida, 1981 ) , 此外还受空气中 C02 浓度(Baker et al., 1990 ) 、 臭氧层 ( Maggs and Ashmore, 1998 ) 的影响, 这些因素也和温室效应有关 ( Rosenzweig and Pany, 1994 ) 。
气候的持续变暖已经给水稻生产带来灾难性的影响。 2006 和 2007 年, 中国长江中下游的重庆、 湖北、 湖南、 安徽、 浙江和广东等省区连 续两年出现大范围持续 38°C以上的高温天气, 导致水稻等粮食作物大 面积减产, 严重的使其结实率不到 50%。 因此, 育种上迫切需要可资 利用的抗高温遗传资源用以应对全球升温给水稻生产带来的严重威 胁。 因此, 广泛开展耐热研究、 深入挖掘抗高温遗传资源, 努力从植 物耐热新品种选育角度应对全球升温给水稻生产带来的严重威胁无疑 在理论上和实践上都有重要意义。
近年来, 国内外就水稻孕穗期 (赵志刚等, 2006 ) 、 抽穗期 (张 永生等, 2009; Zhang et al., 2009 ) 、 开花期 (曹立勇等, 2003 , 2002; 盘毅等, 2005;陈庆全等, 2008;张涛等, 2008;奎丽梅等, 2008; Zhang et al., 2009; Jagadish et al., 2010; ) 、 灌浆期 (朱昌兰等, 2005 ) 以及 稻米直链淀粉含量合成和胶稠度形成 (朱昌兰等, 2006 ) 等时期的抗
高温特性进行了大量的遗传分析和染色体定位, 定位到的耐热水稻数 量形状 (简称 QTL ) 涉及水稻的每一条染色体, 其中, 遗传效应最显 著的一个 QTL 位点是来自巴基斯坦的品系 Bala,其对表型变异的解释 率达 18%。 然而, 由于不同的研究者使用的试验材料和高温处理程序 与方法的不同, 所获得的实验数据彼此难以相互印证和重演, 所定位 的 QTL区间相对较大, 以致无法确定候选基因和进行相关的分子克隆 及功能互补 ¾ ^正。 因此, 对上述定位的耐热 QTL而言, 不仅在理论上 缺乏必要的数据支持, 而且在生产实践上也难以有效利用。
此外, 一些研究者还通过同源克隆法对水稻耐热相关基因进行了 研究。 Yamanouchi 等( 2002 )利用图位克隆法定位并克隆了一个关于 水稻斑点基因 Spl7,发现它的一个阅读框和热胁迫转录因子高度相似, 在热胁迫条件下, 突变体和野生型 Spl7的表达量都上调。 Yokotani 等 ( 2008 )把水稻编码 OsHsfA2e的耐热基因转移到拟南芥中去, 转基因 拟南芥对环境胁迫的耐性增强。 对非胁迫条件下过量表达的拟南芥植 株进行芯片分析, 发现与胁迫相关的一些基因表达量升高, 这其中包 括几类热激蛋白。
一般认为, 热激蛋白 ( heat shock protein, HSP ) 与高温响应相关。 已有的报道结果显示 rHsp90 对盐、 干旱及高温等几种胁迫均有响应, 且 42。C和 50 °C的高温处理 30 分钟能使 rHsp90 表达量显著增加 (Liu 等, 2006 ) 。 另有报道结果显示氷稻中有 40 个包含 α -晶体的基因, 其中, 23 种为热激蛋白(Sarkar 等, 2009 )。 对其进行芯片和 RT-PCR 分析表明, 23 个热激蛋白中的 19 个在高温下表达量上调。 另外, Chang 等人 ( 2007 ) 把水稻热激蛋白 HsplOl 转到烟草中, 发现过量 表达的植株在高温下存活情况比野生型对照要好。 Wu 等 ( 2009 ) 用 HSP10 启动子驱动 OsWRKYl l 表达, 发现水稻转基因植株热处理后 叶片萎焉较慢, 存活率高。 Yokotani 等人 (201 1 ) 通过在拟南芥中过 量表达水稻 OsCEST (叶绿体蛋白 -能增强胁迫耐性) 基因, 发现转基 因植株不仅耐盐胁迫, 而且抗旱和抗高温。
锌指蛋白 (Zinc finger protein )是一个庞大的转录因子家族, 在基 因表达调控、 细胞分化、 胚胎发育等生命过程中 (Gerisman & Pabo, 1997; Laity et al. , 2001 ) , 特别是在抗逆基因表达调控中起重要作用 ( Li & Chen, 2000 ) 。 根据锌指蛋白中半胱氨酸( C )和组氨酸( H )
残基的数目和位置, 可将含锌指蛋白结构域的转录因子分为 C2H2, C2C2 , C3H, C3HC4 (即 RING finger ) , C3HC5 (即 LM finger ) 等 亚类。 其中, C2H2 型锌指蛋白是辞指蛋白中研究最为清楚的一类, 由 两个半胱氨酸和两个组氨酸与 Zn2+形成配位键, 进而形成一个包含 β 折叠和一个 α螺旋的紧密指状结构。 Kim 等(2001 )从大豆 cDNA 文 库中分离到冷诱导锌指蛋白基因 SCOF-1 , 其编码产物含有两个典型的 C2H2 锌指结构, SCOF-1 的表达受低温和 ABA 的特异性诱导, 而不 受盐胁迫诱导, 转基因研究证实 SCOF-1 的过量表达可以增强拟南芥 和烟草的耐冷性。 刘萌萌等 ( 2007 ) 克隆的一个大豆 C2H2 型锌指蛋 白转录因子基因 GmC2H2 的表达与低温、 ABA 的胁迫诱导相关。 至 于 C3HC4 型兼 CHY 型锌指蛋白只在拟南芥、 水稻、 球蒴藓、 沙蒿、 玉米、 菠萝、 大豆等几种植物中有成功分离的报道(Stone et al. , 2005; Ohyanagi et al. , 2006; Reusing et al. , 2008; Yang et al.,2008; Alexandrov et al. , 2009; 杨祥燕等, 2009; 吴学闯等, 2010 ) 。 沙蒿 AdZFPl 基 因是编码这类锌指蛋白的典型例子 (Yang 等 2008 ) , 半定量 PCR 分 析表明, AdZFPl 基因受外源 ABA 的强烈诱导, 同时在一定程度上受 高盐、 低温和高温的诱导。 吴学闯等 (2010 ) 从大豆旱处 cDNA 文库 中也筛选到一个编码 C3HC4 型锌指蛋白基因 GmRZFPl , 研究结果显 示,该基因主要受高温和干旱的诱导, 当高温胁迫 1-6 小时, GmRZFPl 基因表达量与处理时间成正相关, 胁迫 12 小时有则所下降, 到 24 小 时时, 其表达量最高。 这些研究结果因此表明 GmRZFPl 基因受多种 胁迫处理的诱导, 可能涉及到多种逆境胁迫信号传导。
此外, Huang 等( 2008 )在粳稻上找到 12 个 A20/AN1 类型的锌 指蛋白, 芯片分析发现低温、 干旱和 H202 分别诱导其中的四个基因 ( ZFP177, ZEP181 , ZFP176, ZFP173 )、两个基因 ( ZEP181 和 ZFP176 ) 和一个基因 (ZFP157 ) 表达。 进一步的研究表明 ZFP177 对低温和高 温胁迫均有响应。 对 ZFP177基因进行过量表达, 所获得的转基因烟草 能耐 2°C的低温和 55 °C的高温, 但对盐胁迫和干旱胁迫反而更敏感, 这说明 ZFP177 在植物各种非生物胁迫中起着重要的作用, 但是不同 的胁迫作用可能有不同的响应机理。
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发明概述
为解决上述问题, 本申请的发明人通过锐意研究, 开发出一种优 化的定位植物抗逆性基因, 尤其是抗高温基因的方法, 提供了多种新 的基因筛选、 定位标记, 并精确定位了一种水稻抗高温新基因, 由此 提供了将温度敏感型植物恢复为非温度敏感型植物、 将普通植物转化 为抗高温植物的育种方法。 具体而言, 本发明涉及下述方面:
1 ) . 一种多肽, 其为选自下述任一:
A) 包含如 SEQIDN0.3 所示的氨基酸序列的多肽;
B) 包含在如 SEQ IDN0.3 所示的氨基酸序列中或经缺失、 替换、 插入一个或多个氨基酸所得的氨基酸序列, 所述多肽具有抗高温功能;
C) 具有 SEQIDN0.3 所示的氨基酸序列的多肽;
D) 氨基酸序列如 SEQ IDN0.3 所示的多肽。
2 ) . 一种基因该基因的多核苷酸序列为选自以下任一的多核苷酸 序列:
A) 包含如 SEQ IDN0.1 所示的核苷酸序列的多核苷酸;
B) 包含对应于如 SEQIDN0.1 所示的核苷酸序列中的第 2360到 2371位核苷酸为 GGGGGGGGGGGG保持不变, 在除此之外的核苷酸 序列中经缺失、 替换、 插入一个或多个核苷酸所得的多核苷酸序列, 其所编码的多肽具有抗高温功能;
C) 具有 SEQ IDN0.1 所示的核苷酸序列的多核苷酸;
D)核苷酸序列如 SEQIDN0.1所示的多核苷酸;
E) 编码如项 1所述任一种的多肽的多核苷酸序列。
3) . 包含项 2所述的基因的载体。
4) .一种宿主细胞, 其特征在于所述的细胞包含项 1所述的多肽, 或者项 2所述的基因, 或者项 3 所述的载体, 所述宿主细胞优选真核 生物细胞, 更优选植物细胞和酵母细胞, 所述植物细胞优选禾本科植 物细胞, 特别优选水稻 ( Oryza sativa L. ) 细胞。
5 ) . 用于筛选、 定位、 分离新核苷酸序列的分子标记, 所述标记 选自 '·
A) 插入 /缺失标记 InDel5, 该标记位于水稻笫九染色体距短臂端 9130-9150kb之间, 所述标记的扩增产物具有长度多态性;
B ) SNP标记, 简称 RBspl407, 在感高温水稻和抗高温水稻植株 中, 基于 SEQ ID N0.1所述多核苷酸序列, 所述标记对应序列分别为 TGT705ACA 和 TGG705ACA;
C) 微卫星 DNA标记 RM7364, 该标记位于水稻第九染色体距短 臂端 9440-9450kb之间 , 所述标记经引物的扩增产物具有长度多态性。
6) .项 5所述的标记在筛选、 定位、 分离抗 /感高温基因中的应用, 其中所述的高温优选 42°C或以上, 45°C或以上, 48°C或以上, 或 50°C 或以上。
7) . 植物育种方法, 所述方法包含应用项 2所述的基因, 或应用 项 1所述的多肽, 或项 3所述的载体, 或项 4所述的宿主细胞, 或项 5 或 6所述的标记。
8 ) .使温度敏感型水稻恢复为非温度敏感型水稻的方法, 该方法包 括通过遗传操作使温度敏感型水稻基因组第 9号染色体中相应于 SEQ IDN0.1第 705位的核苷酸突变为 G。
9 ) .诱导水稻抗高温表型的方法, 该方法包括通过遗传操作使不具 备抗高温表型的水稻基因组第 9 号染色体中相应于 SEQ ID NO.l 第 2360位的 5' 端插入 G, 其中, 所述的高温优选 42°C或以上, 45°C或 以上, 48°C或以上, 或 50°C或以上。
10) .使温度敏感型水稻为抗高温型水稻的方法, 该方法包括通过 遗传操作使温度敏感型水稻基因组第 9 号染色体中相应于 SEQ ID NO.l第 705位的核苷酸突变为 G, 并且使其温度敏感型水稻基因组第 9号染色体中第 2360位的 5' 端上游插入一个 G, 使所得核苷酸序列
与 SEQ ID NO. l 所示的核苷酸序列中的第 2360到 2371位核苷酸相同, 即自 2360位起远离起始密码子方向序列包含连续的 12个 G, 其中, 所述的高温优选 42 Ό或以上, 45 °C或以上, 48 °C或以上, 或 50 °C或以 上。
11 ) 本发明涉及用于鉴定植物抗高温特性的方法, 所述方法可概 括如下: 即以两叶一心期至三叶一心期的土培秧苗, 经 45-48 °C高温处 理 79h, 恢复 5d后观察温度反应结果, 作为耐高温鉴定的标准程序, 相对湿度和其它栽条件设置在相同水平上。
12 )上述第 1 1项所述方法, 优选还包括每次所用盆栽盆的大小均 为长 43cm, 宽 33cm和高 10cm, 盆栽土经称量后等量加入, 栽培规格 为每品种 5行, 每行 12株, 周围种植 1行高温材料作为保护行, 以消 除边际影响, 保护行和正式实验材料间预留清晰的界限; 处理时生长 箱内的湿度设定为 75%, 光暗周期轮换的时长设定为 12h。
附图说明
图 1 高温胁迫处理试验和抗、 感品种 HT54 及 HT13 的耐高温反 应。图中所示为处在两叶一心期的土培苗经不同高温处理 79 小时恢复 5 天后的生长状况, A: 42 °C高温处理; B: 45 °C高温处理; C: 48 "C 高温处理; 从图中照片结果可以看出, 抗高温品种 HT54和感高温品种 HT13 对 45 °C和 48 °C高温处理的热激反应都呈现质的存活与死亡差 异。
图 2为水稻抗高温基因定位建立的微卫星分子标记(SSLP ) 连锁 遗传图。 标记间的图距为物理距离。
图 3 HT54 (抗) X HT13 (感) 杂种 F2 代抗高温位点的初步连 锁群检测结果。 所用的分子标记为位于水稻第九连锁群的 SSR 标记 RM444。 图中, M表示分子量标记; RP为抗高温亲本; SP为感高温 亲本; RB为抗高温极端单株 DNA池; SB为感高温极端单株 DNA池; F1为杂种一代植株; 1 -9为 F2隐性感高温极端单株。
图 4 抗高温基因 OsHTAS在第 9染色体上的连锁遗传图谱。 (a): 由 61 株定位群体产生的连锁遗传图谱; (b): 由 131 株定位群体对 (a) 图中黑色区段精细定位产生的连锁遗传图语。
图 5 利用候选基因 (ZFP )序列中于抗、 感高温亲本间呈现的一 个单核苷酸多态性 ( SNP)转换的 PCR-RFLP 标记对用 InDel5 和
M7364 标记定位时作图群体中出现的交换株进行检测的结果。 图中, M、 RP、 SP、 S 分别表示分子量标记(DL2000 ) 、 抗高温亲本 HT54、 感高温亲本 HT13 和 3 个交换株。
图 6 ZFP 抗、 感等位基因对 42 °C高温胁迫处理的动态表达模式分 析。所用的分析方法为实时定量 PCR分析法,以水稻肌动蛋白基因 acti n 作为内标。 图中红色实心柱表示 HT54 (抗)在不同时间点 ZFP表达量, 相应的, 蓝色实心柱表示 HT 13 (感) 在不同时间点 ZFP 的表达量。 图中可见, 该基因在抗、 感高温品种 HT54和 HT 13中的表达变化模式 基本一致,在 HT13中该基因的表达量在处理后 2小时处上升至处理前 ( Oh ) 的 3.68倍, 而此时 HT54中的表达量仅仅上升至处理前的 1.64 倍。
图 7抗高温基因(¾Z^编码序列的亚细胞定位分析。 图中显示: 与对照 35S-YFP相比, 35S-ZFP-YFP即抗高温基因编码产物与黄色荧 光蛋白的融合蛋白主要定位于细胞膜上。
图 8 本申请中所涉及的抗高温基因 OsZFP DNA序列、 编码序列 及其产物氨基酸列。
发明详述
为解决上述问题, 本发明人经过锐意研究, 在大量试验结果的基 础上, 完成了本发明。 以下结合附图对本发明进行具体说明。
一, 水稻苗期耐高温标准化鉴定程序
首先, 发明人建立了水稻苗期耐高温标准化鉴定程序。 该鉴定程 序的突出优点是抗、 感分型清楚、 结果重衍性好、 实际应用性强。 因 此, 该程序的建立将为水稻抗高温种质资源材料的筛选、 评价, 抗高 温基因的遗传分析、 染色体定位与克隆提供良好的技术基础。 具体鉴 定内容请参见实施例 1所述的内容。
二, 水稻抗高温基因进行了分子定位
在以上试验结果的基础上, 发明人利用抗高温水稻材料 HT54、 感 高温水稻材料 HT 13及其杂交后代 F 1和 F2为示例性试验材料, 对水 稻抗高温基因进行了分子定位。
试脸方法
( 1 ). 亲本多态性标记的筛选
水稻抗高温基因的分子定位选用多态性高和重复性好的微卫星
DNA 长度多态性分子标记( SSLP )进行,所用 SSR引物均根据 Gramene 数据库 ( www.gramene.org ) 和 NCBI ( www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov ) 数据库 上公布的引物序列, 由上海生物工程技术服务公司合成。
水稻基因组 DNA的抽提采用 McCouch等( 1988 )报道的小量 DNA 提取法。具体方法步骤如下: 1)剪取一小片叶片 4-5 cm,加入 700 L 1.5 X CTAB (含 1.5% CTAB, 75 mM Tris-HCI, 15mM EDTA, 1.05 M NaCl ) , 充分研磨; 2)将研磨的匀浆转入 1.5 ml的离心管, 56°C水浴 20 mm后冷却至室温; 3)加入等体积的氯仿: 异戊醇 (24: 1 ) , 摇匀; 4)最高速度 ( 13200 rpm ) 离心 10 min; 5)将上清液转入新的离心管, 并加入两倍体积的预冷的 100%酒精, 静止 20 min后离心收集 DNA; 6)去上清, 风干 DNA, 加 50-100 双蒸水, 于紫外分光光度计中检 测, 稀释 DNA浓度, 制备一套 DNA工作溶液, 其浓度为 50-100ng/ 左右, 4°C ;水箱保存备用。
2) 定位群体的构建
2008年秋在广东农科院水稻所试验基地以抗高温材料 HT54为父 本、 高温敏感材料 HT13为母本配制杂交组合。 母本 HT13以 "温汤杀 雄" 的方法进行处理, 考虑到 HT13是对温度敏感的材料, 温汤杀雄的 温度的设定比通常情况低 2°C , 以避免其雌蕊受到伤害。 具体做法是: 于水稻抽穗期, 在晴天的上午 7: 30左右, 选好母本 HT13的穗子(抽 出 2/3 ), 将水温调制到 43 °C的暖水瓶倒置套住母穗, 并用棉花塞住瓶 口保温, 8min后取出穗子, 抖掉水珠, 有部分颖花 (已开花授粉或过 几天才能开花)不开, 应全部剪去, 并立即套上纸袋, 9: 00左右取父 本 HT54的穗子, 穗柄插在装有自来水的瓶中, 以黑布罩住, 待一个小 时后, 父本上的大部分小花均盛开, 把花粉抖落在已进行高温杀雄并 且开颖良好的母穗柱头上, 重复 2-3次授粉。授粉后立即给母穗套上牛 皮纸袋, 袋口用回形针夹住, 但不要夹住穗梗, 挂上牌子, 记上名称 及杂交日期, 待 8天左右可以取下纸袋, 成熟时收获 F1种子。
2008年冬在海南种植杂种 F1 , 待植株长大后取叶片提取 DNA, 利用两亲本具有多态性的 SSR标记 3-4对检验植抹是否为真杂种, 并 在植株抽穗后套袋自交收获 F2种子用于后续抗高温鉴定, 通过高温处 理后的抗、 感比进行抗高温基因的遗传分析并对抗高温基因定位。
3) 高温处理程序
按照前述秧苗培养方法和标准化的高温处理程序对亲本、 F1和 F2 进行高温处理。 具体步骤是: a.育苗盆准备, 即向每盆育苗盆(大小为 43cm 33cm X 10cm) 中加入等量的、 且已经过筛、 并经充分混匀的稻 田土; b. 播种, 即把催芽的种子点播在盆中, 11行 /盆, 18粒 /行, 同 时, 播种亲本各 1行 /盘作对照, 周围设置 2行保护行。 肥水管理同一 般盆栽水稻管理; C.取样, 待秧苗长至三叶期时, 每株取第 2 片叶约 2-3cm置于 -80°C;水箱, 用于鉴定后对敏感单株提取 DNA。 D.待秧苗恢 复生长 2天后, 即第 3 片叶即将完全长出的前一天, 移入人工气候箱 进行高温处理。 人工气候箱设置具体如下: 33°Clh (光照 Light, 简写 为 L, 下同) → 36°Clh ( L) → 39°Clh ( L) → 42°Clh ( L) → 45 °Clh (L) → 48°C7h (L) → 48°C12h (黑暗 Dark, 简写为 D, 下同) → 48°C12h (L) → 48°C12h (D) → 48°C12h (L) →48°C12h (D) → 48°C12h (L) 。 湿度 75%。
(4) . PCR反应程序及检测
SSR分析主要参照 Wu等( 1993 )的方法修订而成, PCR为 25 \x 体系: 2.5 10χ緩沖液 (Mg2+); 0.5μ110Mm dNTP; Ι.ΟμΙ 5μΜ 5' -引物; 1.0 μΐ 5μΜ 3' -引物; 0.5 μΐ Taq 聚合酶; 1.0 μΐ DNA; 18.5 μΐ ddH20。 dNTP订购于上海生工, Taq聚合酶订购于鼎国。 PCR扩增程 序为: 94°C先预变性 5 min, 然后开始 35个循环 ( 94°C变性 45s, 选 择引物适合的温度 50-60°C退火 45s, 72°C延伸 45s) , 接着 72°C继续 延伸 10 min。 扩增产物用 3%的琼脂糖凝胶电泳 (AGE) 或 4%变性聚 丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳 (PAGE)检测。
(5) . 抗高温基因的初步定位
选用 F2代分离群体构建作图群体,基因定位采用隐性极端群体法, 所用分子标记为微卫星 DNA多态性分子标记( SSLP )。其具体程序是, 首先对 F2分离群体进行高温处理, 筛选出感高温的单株用作基因定位 的作图群体。 然后, 从 F2分离群体中, 随机挑选抗、 感高温类型单株 各 10株, 将叶片等量混合后研磨抽提 DNA, 用于构建感、 抗高温的 DNA池。之后,利用亲本间具有多态性的 SSLP标记(Chen et al., 1997; Temnykh et al.,2000 ) , 对两个 DNA池首先进行标记分析, 筛选出在 两个 DNA池中具有多态性的标记,籍此,初步确定基因所在的连锁群。 在此基础上, 再用在 DNA池中获得的多态性标记对上述 F2分离世代
中隐性极端个体构建的作图群体逐一进行基因型测定, 所获得的数据 用于目标基因的初步定位。
(6) . 抗高温基因的精细定位
在初步定位的基础上, 进一步对定位区段进行标记加密分析, 使 其定位区段的长度至少,所用的 SSLP标记或从禾本科基因組数据库中 ( http://www.gramene.org )获得,亦或是自己根据基因组序列设计合成, 直到这类标记在目的基因涉及的连锁群上被用完为止。 然后, 利用生 物学信息对标记区间(一般至少要小于或等于 0.5Mb )内的编码序列进 行生物学功能预测和分子特征化 (包括基序、 功能域、 保守序列和调 控序列等) 分析, 以便确定出候选基因。 之后, 针对候选基因设计特 异引物, 并通过 TA克隆对候选基因进行克隆与测序, 根据是否存在差 异预测出目的基因。
(7) . 遗传距离的计算
将电泳图片结果进行数值统计转换: 与 HT54带型一致的记为 A, 与 HT13带型一致的记为 B , 同时具有两亲本带型的记为 H, 没有带的 记为-。
连锁遗传分析采用 MAPMAKER3.0软件( Lander et al, 1987 )进行 分析, 计算遗传距离 (cM ) , 并进行遗传作图 Mapdraw2.1 (刘仁虎和 孟金陵, 2003 ) , 对抗高温基因进行定位分析。
为精确定位所述基因, 发明还开发了一种新的定位标记, 所述标 记的制备示例请参见下文中的实施例 2。
遗传分析与基因定位结果
1) 亲本多态性筛选和分子图谱建立
总共使用了 2304个 SSLP分子标记对亲本进行了多态性筛选, 从 中筛选出 322个在亲本间具有多态性的 SSLP标记分子,其在染色体上 的分布按照物理距离度量如图 6 , 除第 9染色体和着丝点附近外, 获得 的多态性 SSLP标记较均匀覆盖了各个染色体。
水稻抗高温基因定位建立的微卫星分子标记 (SSLP ) 连锁遗传图 如图 2所示。 标记间的图距为物理距离。
2) 遗传分析证实 HT54在苗期的抗高温特性是受主效显性单基因 控制
利用标准化的高温处理程序于两叶一心期对亲本、 杂种 F1 和 F2
进行高温处理。 结果表明: 高温处理后的 F 1植株完全存活, F2群体则 呈现明显的抗、 感分离, 其中, 抗高温植株 442 株, 感高温植株 152 株, 抗、 感分离符合 3 : 1的分离比率(见表 1 ) , 卡平方测验, P>0.05 , 表明差异未达显著水平。该结果因此说明 HT54在苗期的抗高温特性是 受主效显性单基因控制, 该基因现被命名为 OsHTAS ( Oryza sativa Heat Tolerance a mmt Seedling stage ) 。
表 1 HT54抗高温特性的遗传分析结果
¾ΙΙϋ
总徠数 X" aa )裣验
揆数
442 2
3) 初步定位显示抗高温基因位于水稻第 9连锁群
在 322对于亲本间有多态性的 SSLP标记中, 发现只有 RM444检 测抗高温 DNA池时呈现杂合带型,且感高温 DNA池和敏感亲本一致, 这说明 RM444可能与目标基因连锁 (参见图 3)。 另外, 在 F 1的 PCR 扩增产物中, 两个亲本带型扩增强度基本一致; 抗高温 DNA池带型为 杂合型, 但其中的 HT54带型明显强于 HT 13 的带, 暗示抗高温 DNA 池可能包含抗高温纯合体和杂合体两种; 而感高温 DNA池带型基本上 为 HT13 带型, 说明该 DNA池主要由感高温的隐性纯合单株的 DNA 组成, 因而预示所用的分子标记与目标抗高温基因可能连锁。 于是, 从高温处理过的 F2群体中选择了 61株隐性极端感高温单株和 40株抗 高温单株构建了两个验证群体, 进行 RM444标记分析。 结果显示: 61 株隐形极端感高温单株中有 13株为杂合带型, 43株为 HT 13带型, 5 株为无带, 0株为 HT54带型; 而 40抗高温植株中有 23株为杂合带型, 2株为 HT13 带型, 15株为 HT54 带型。 这些结果因而进一步验证了 RM444标记是和抗高温基因 OsHTAS连锁的。
4) 精细定位进一步将抗高温基因定位于两个分子标记 RM7364 和 InDel5之间, 该区间的实际物理 巨离为 420bp
从 www.gramene.org 网站上的数据库中搜寻第九号染色体的短臂 端 (即 RM444上方) 引物, 进行亲本标记型分析, 共找到 3个在亲本 间具有多态性的 SSLP 标记, 它们分别是 RM23687、 RM23719 和 RGNMS299 L 利用这三个标记扫描之前用过的 61 株定位群体后, 发
现 RM23719和 RM23687确实与抗高温的 OsHTAS基因连锁(图 4a ) , 其连锁距离分别为 12.2 cM和 13.1 cM,而 RGNM2991未能获得有效数 据; 另外, 还发现 RM23719 紧邻地位于 RM444的下方, 两者的遗传 距离为 0.9 cM(图 4a ),但两者的实际物理距离为 4.48Mb;而 RM23687 接近端点(两者相距 1.07Mp), 与 RM23719相距 1.01Mb, 但检测到的 与抗高温基因 OsHTAS间的连锁遗传距离达到 17.9 cM之多。 根据禾 本科基因组数据库列出的水稻第 9 染色体上的信息, 发现之所以检测 到上述这种不正常的连锁遗传情况, 可能是由于 RM23719靠近离着丝 点的缘故。 由此, 推测抗高温基因可能在 RM444的下方, 即水稻第 9 染色体的长臂端。
接着,从禾本科基因组数据库中搜索水稻第 9染色体的长臂端(即 RM444下面) 引物, 共找到 1 14对 SSLP引物, 经亲本多态性分析, 共找到 10对具有亲本多态性的引物,它们分别是 RM23982、RM23985、 RM7364、 RM24019 , RM5777、 RM240712 , RM24075 , RM24099 , RM24102, 以及 RM24170 。 对抗、 感 DNA池进行标记分析的结果显 示: RM23982、 RM23985 , RM7364 和 RM24019在抗、 感高温 DNA 池间也表现多态性, 接着用这些标记对 61株 F2定位群体作进一步的 标记分析,进而把抗高温基因 OsHTAS定位在 RM23985和 RM7364 (见 图 8b) 之间。在未能在此区间进一步找到已知 SSLP标记的情况下, 转 而依据籼粳稻基因组的序列信息设计 了 90 对插入 /缺失 ( Insertion/Deletion, InDel )标记, 在对亲本进行标记分析后, 共找到 8 对具有亲本多态性的引物, 但只有 InDel3和 InDel5在亲本间的差异较 大, 且易于进行定位群体带型的辨别。
抗高温基因 OsHTAS在第 9染色体上的连锁遗传图谱如图 4所示。 这两个插入 /缺失标记的引物序列分别是, InDel3F : 5 ' -GTTTGCG ACATTGGAGCCTTC-3 ' 和 InDeBR : 5 ' -AATGCTTGGGTATGCTAG GTGAA-3 ' ; InDel5F: 5 ' -TCCTCGGAGATGTTTGACCTTG-3 ' 和 InDel5R: 5' - CAGAAGGTG TACGCAACTCTTGT-3 ' 。
由此, 利用这两个自主设计的插入缺失标记进一步把水稻抗高温 基因 OsHTAS定位在 RM7364和 InDd5之间, 其基因和这两个紧密连 锁标间的遗传距离分别为 2.5cM和 1.7cM, 标记间的实际物理距离为
420Kb 0 然后, 将定位群体扩大至 131株, 所检测到的 InDel3、 InDel5、 RM7364、 RM24019与抗高温基因 OsHTAS 间的遗传连锁距离分别为 4.0 cM、 3.2 cM、 1.2 cM和 1.6 cM (图 4b)。 这些定位结果基本与前述 61株定位群体的定位结果一致。
5) 所确认的候选基因为锌指蛋白基因, 其在抗、 感高温亲本间有 两处 SNP差异, 并与由其中之一开发展的 PCR-RFLP标记共分离
由于在上述定位区间内难以再获得可供使用的多态性标记, 转而 利用现有的生物学数据库信息结合已公开发表的基因数据去 选和确 定候选基因。 从 http:〃 rice.plantbiology.msu.edu/ 网站上搜索 420Kb长 的定位区段 (从 Indel5到 RM7364 ) DNA序列总计找到 60个已知和未 知基因, 其中, 15 个为编码反转录转座子蛋白的基因, 6 个为编码转 座子蛋白的基因, 27个为编码已知功能蛋白的基因, 12个为编码未知 功能蛋白的基因。 已有的报道结杲表明: 有关的泛素结合酶蛋白
( LOC_Os09gl5320 ) 和锌指蛋白 ( LOC— Os09gl5430 )基因均与水稻 耐高温性相关, 因此, 将其初步确定为候选基因; 接着, 我们对标准 化后的芯片数据进行分析,在 8个苗期表达超过 100的基因 [核苷碱基- 抗坏血酸转运蛋 白 ( LOC— Os09gl 5170 ) 、 逆转座子蛋 白
( LOC_Os09gl 5250 ) 、 泛素结合蛋白 ( LOC— Os09gl5320 ) 、 转运家 族蛋白 ( LOC— Os09gl5330 ) 、 水解酶( LOC— Os09gl5340 ) 、 NAD依 赖表异构酶 /脱水酶( LOC_Os09gl 5420 )、锌指蛋白( LOC_Os09gl5430 ) 和在 DGCR区的富含丝氨酸 /苏氨酸蛋白 T10 ( LOC_Os09gl5480 ) ]中, 泛素结合蛋白 ( LOC_Os09gl532 )和锌指蛋白 ( LOC_Os09gl5430 )都 是高量表达的, 说明这两个基因对水稻苗期的生长发育起着重要的作 用。 于是, 从抗、 感亲本的幼苗叶组织中扩增这两个候选基因的 cDNA 序列和启动子及终止子基因組 DNA序列进行测序, 结果发现抗、 感亲 本的 cDNA序列均没有差异, 但锌指蛋白 (LOQ_Os09gl5430 ) 的 5' 端非翻译区及其启动子序列上各存在一处单碱基多态性 (SNP ) 差异。 由于启动子序列中的 SNP差异导致一个限制性内切酶 Bsp 1407识别位 点 (T i GTACA)的改变, 籍此, 设计了一个 PCR-RFLP ( CAPs ) 标记, 记为 RBspl407。
该标记的 PCR扩增产物的大小为 580bp。 对扩增后的 PCR产物进 行回收, 然后利用内切酶 Bspl407 I酶(Promega )对此片段进行酶切,
结果显示: HT54的扩增产物不能被酶切, 片段大小依然为 580bp, 而 HT13和 131株作图群体中呈现的所有交换株均能被酶切, 切开后产生 大小为 422bp和 158bp两个片段(图 5 ) 。 PRBspl407I标记在 InDel5 和 RM7304之间呈现 0交换株这一试验结果说明: 在所用定位群体大 小条件下该标记和抗高温基因 OsHTAS呈现共分离, 由此进一步将候 选基因确定为辞指蛋白基因。
以下通过具体实施例的方式对本发明的技术方案进行详细描述。 本领域技术人员明了, 所述具体实施方案是为有利于本领域技术人员 再现本发明所给出的示例性技术信息, 其不作为对本申请请求保护的 权利要求的限制, 基于所述示例试验方案的改变, 只要其技术方案和 其所达到的有益效果不背离本发明的主旨, 则经所述改变的技术方案 均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。
实施例
实施例 1 抗高温基因的鉴定
本实施例采用耐高温水稻品种 HT54 和高温敏感水稻品种 HT13 (两者均为稻种籼亚种 ( C a v" ^ . indica ) ) 为示例性试验材料。
1) 水稻秧苗的培育和抗高温处理条件的设定
(1) . 秧苗培育
取同一地块水稻田土壤, 自然风千后粉碎过筛, 按相同重量分装 在植物生长盆 (26cm x 18cm X 6cm ) 中, 加等量水浸泡一夜后用于播 种。 试验材料经浸种、 催芽后播种。 每盆分为两个部分, 一半种 HT54 , 另一半种 HT13 , 每个品种 3行, 每行 8株。
(2) . 高温处理时期和处理温度及其它条件设置
高温处理时期为苗期, 所用的人工气候箱为浙江宁波福实验仪器 厂生产的智能人工气候箱 PRX-1000B , 温度设置共分 42 °C、 45 °C和 48 °C三个处理, 温度是从 33 °C开始以 3 °C/h的速率上升, 直至到达设定 高温, 所用湿度为 75%, 其它栽培条件设置在相同的水平上。
(3) . 氷稻抗高温鉴定程序和标准化参数设定
水稻抗、感高温品种 HT54 和 HT13秧苗经土培生长至两叶一心和 三叶一心期移入生长箱, 进行 3种温度的高温处理, 处理时间为 79h, 待处理完毕并恢复 5天后, 观察秧苗对高温的反应。 结果如图 1所示。 由图 1 的结果可以清楚地看出: 当温度为 42°C时, 处理后的抗、 感高
温品种秧苗均完全存活; 而当处理温度为 45 °C和 48 °C时,处理后的抗、 感高温品种呈现质的存活与死亡差异 (图 1 ) , 但显然 45Ό不是抗高 温品种 HT54能忍耐的高限温度, 因此, 最终选定 48 °C作为标准程序 的温度设定值。 于是, 由该试验确定的水稻苗期抗高温鉴定程序可概 括为:两叶一心的土培秧苗, 48 °C高温和 75%相对湿度条件下处理 79h , 恢复 5d后, 观察秧苗对高温的反应, 并以能否存活作为水稻抗、 感高 温的鉴定指标。 图中照片结果可以看出, 抗高温品种 HT54和感高温品 种 HT13 对 45 °C和 48°C高温处理的热激反应都呈现质的存活与死亡差 异。
实施例 2 新基因标记的确认
为实现水稻抗高温基因的精确定位,显然现有技术中的 SSLP不足 以满足需要。 为此, 发明人开发了新的定位标记。 具体而言, 发明人 通过 NCBI ( http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ ) 公布的粳稻日本晴和籼稻 9311 的全基因组序列差异寻找插入 /缺失多态性 (Insertion/Deletion, InDel ) 位点。 根据此位点所在的两端 DNA序列, 利用 Primer5.0设计 合适的引物, 通过 NCBI在线 Primer blast保证其引物的特异性。
TA克隆及测序分析
a )加 A反应: 由于纯化的 PCR产物是用 Proybest酶扩增获得的, 其末端为平末端, 需要加上碱基 A, 才能进行 TA克隆。 加 A反应的 总体系为 20 L, 所要加入成分和体积为: lO x PCR緩冲液, 2 L; Taq 酶, 0.5 L; dNTPs ( 10mM ) , 0.5 L; PCR纯化产物, 17 L。 混匀放 到 PCR仪上, 72 °C 30min, 4°C保存。 使用 Axy Prep PCR Clean-up Kit ( Axygen ) 纯化力口 A反应产物。
b ) 连接: 参照 pMD18-T载体系统试剂盒(TaKaRa )说明书进行 操作。 取 4 L纯化的加 A反应产物与 5μί连接混合液 ( solution I ) 和 l L pMD18-T载体混合, 16 °C下连接, 恒温 1-2小时(恒温仪中进行)。
C )连接产物大肠杆菌热击转化:从 -80Ό取感受态细胞,加入 ΙΟμί 连接反应液, 轻轻摇勾, 于水上放置 30min; 42 " 水浴热击 90s, 立即 置于水上 2min; 之后, 每管加 800μί LB培养基, 37°C摇床低速震荡 培养 45mm (使细菌复苏, 转速不超过 190rpm ) ; 将上述菌液富集后 涂布于 LB 筛选平板( Amp/IPTG/X-Gal ) 上; 待菌液完全被培养基吸 收后倒置培养 , 37°C过夜培养。
d )转化子阳性克隆的鉴定: 挑取白色菌落, 利用载体测序通用引 物进行 PCR扩增鉴定。 PCR反应体系同上, 其反应程序为: 94 °C 5min 预变性, 之后 95 °C 30s , 55 °C 30s , 72 °C延伸 (具体时间根据目的基 因大小确定) , 共 30个循环, 接着 72 °C 延伸 5min。
e ) PCR产物电泳鉴定: 阴性菌落的 PCR产物长度为 156bp (仅载 体上扩增的序列) , 阳性菌落 PCR产物片段大于 156bp ( 目的基因片 段长度 + 156bp ) 。
F ) 阳性克隆测序: 取 5mL含 5(^g/mL Amp的 LB液体培养基到 50 mL离心管中, 接种菌落 PCR呈阳性的菌落, 37 °C , 220rpm振荡培 养过夜; 取培养的菌液到 1.5mL离心管中, 12000rpm离心 2min, 去上 清, 将离心管倒置于吸水纸上, 使细菌沉淀尽可能千燥; 用 Axygen质 粒抽提试剂盒提取质粒 DNA。 抽提的质粒 DNA于 -20 °C保存备用, 同 时分别取 ΙΟμΙ^质粒对应的菌液进行测序验证(上海英俊) 。 每个基因 测序验证 3 个阳性转化子。 本发明所述的新标记是由抗、 感高温亲本 在候选基因的启动子上出现的一个 SNP发展而来。 具体地说, 该 SNP 的出现导致了一个限制性内切酶 Bspl407 I识别位点的改变, 其在抗高 温亲本上的序列为 5'-TGGACA-3', 不能被 I识别, 而在感高 温亲本上的序列为 5'-TGTACA-3', 能被 识别; 因此, 针对 SNP 所在的区域设计特异引物, 扩增出相应的基因组片段, 再用 Bs_p】407 ~l酶切, 即可检测这种多态性差异。
根据这个原理, 本实施例所设计的特异引物序列为, BspF: 5 ' -CCATCCAAACACGCCCTAA-3 ' 和 BspR: 5 '
-ATTGCCCCTTGCTATGG T-3 ' , PCR扩增的产物大小 580bp, 来自感 高温亲本的 PCR 产物被 Bspl407 I 酶切后得到的两个片大小分别为 422bp和 158bp , 由此开发的 PCR-RFLP标记记为 RBspl407。
该标记在抗高温基因定位过程中已被证实是与目标基因共分离 的。
在确认 RBspl 407标记的试验中,发明人用该标记对隐性极端定位 群体经两个紧密连锁标记 RM7364和 InDel5分析后出现的 3个重组单 株进行了验证性检测,结果出现了与隐性感高温亲本一致的结果如图 5 所示。 由此, 发明人还开发出插入 /缺失标记 InDe , 该标记位于水稻 第九染色体距短臂端 9130-9150kb之间, 在抗、感亲本间所述标记具有
长度多态性; 以及微卫星 DNA标记 RM7364 , 该标记位于水稻第九染 色体距短臂端 9440-9450kb 之间。 对于标记 RM7364 , 设计引物 RM7364F: 5 ' -TTCGTGGATGGAGGGAGTAC-3 '; 和 RM7364R: 5 ' -RGCGTTTGTAGGAGTGCCAC-3 ' , 同样, 发现在抗、 感亲本间所述 标记经引物的扩增产物具有长度多态性。
实施例 3 抗高温基因 OsHTAS 的确认
经前述的基因定位研究,本发明人所发现了定位于水稻基因组第 9 染色体上的新基因, 即显性耐高温基因(¾Λ Α5。 所述显性耐高温基因 (¾//7^5与隐性等位基因 Oshtcis 在 DNA 序列上的差异仅为一个单核 苷酸多态性(SNP ) 的差异, 发生在(¾ ίΓΑ5 5 端非翻译区与耐高温、 耐 盐 和 耐 干 旱 相 关 的 基 序 上 ( 1 1T12G ) , OsHTAS ( TTTTTTTTTTTGGGGGGGGGGGG ) 比 Oshtas
( TTTTTTTTTTTGGGGGGGGGGG ) 多一个 G; 显性耐高温基因 ( LOC_Os09gl 5430 ) OsHTAS 基因组序列全长 4784bp , 编码序列 ( CDS ) 全长 1245bp, 编码产物为 414aa, 属于锌指家簇蛋白; 水稻 ( Oryza sativa ) ZFP 基因, 具体序列如序列表中 SEQ ID NO: 1所示。
发明人在具体试验过程中对所述基因部分位点进行了插入、 缺失、 替换, 对所获得的突变体实施了功能验证, 结果表明因遗传密码子的 简并以及部分位点的突变等操作后所获得突变体保持了与 SEQ ID ΝΟ: 1 所示基因同样的抗高温功能。 更具体而言在对应于如 SEQ ID NO. l 所示的核苷酸序列 中的第 2360 到 2371 位核苷酸为 GGGGGGGGGGGG保持不变, 在除此之外的核苷酸序列中经缺失、替 换、 插入一个或多个核苷酸所得的多核苷酸序列所编码的多肽仍具有 抗高温功能。 所述的插入、 缺失、 替换依照本领域公知的遗传操作方 法进行, 经变化的核苷酸数目优选 1 - 100 , 更优选 1 - 50个, 1 - 20 个, 更优选 1 - 10个核苷酸的改变。
此外, 发明人将本发明的抗高温基因与诱导型启动子连接, 构建 了表达载体, 将其转化酵母 DY1455、 拟南芥 Arabidopsis thaliana Columbia ) 等宿主细胞, 成功获得了阳性转化子。
实施例 4 抗高温基因 OsHTAS对高温胁迫的响应特点
用 42 °C高温对不同抗、 感高温品种进行 96 小时持续处理, 并于 12个时间点 (0h、 l h、 2h、 4h、 6h、 8h、 12h、 24h、 48h、 72h、 84h、
96h )取样抽提 RNA。 结束处理后, 所有植株放置 30°C进行恢复培养 1 小时, 并于 3个时间点 (%hl0m、 %h45m、 97h )取样抽提 RNA。 对 候选基因 OsHTAS进行实时定量 PCR表达分析。 结果显示: 该基因在 抗、 感高温品种 HT54和 HT13 中的表达变化模式基本一致, 在 HT13 中该基因的表达量在处理后 2小时处上升至处理前 (Oh ) 的 3.68倍, 而此时 HT54中的表达量仅仅上升至处理前的 1.64倍 (图 6 ) 。
实施例 5、 候选基因的功能验证: RNAi敲除
将候选基因的 CDS区和 UTR区一段特异序列, 正反向连入 RNA 干扰载体 PTCK303中, 利用农杆菌介导法将其导入日本晴和敏感品种 HT13的基因组中, 各获得 5个和三个阳性独立转化体。 之后, 利用前 述提到的人工气候箱对这些阳性独立转化体的土培苗于二叶一心智三 叶一心期进行 79小时的 48°C高温处理, 并以野生型植株为对照。 处理 完毕后移出生长箱于正常温度条件下恢复生长 5 天, 再观察记录秧苗 对高温处理的反应。 结果显示: 经高温处理后的干扰植株与野生型相 比, 抗高温能的力增强, 存活率更高, 该结果进一步表明所选择的候 选基因确实与耐高温的特性相关。
实施例 7、 候选基因 OsHTAS的亚细胞定位分析
通过基因枪轰击洋葱表皮在共聚焦显微镜下的亚细胞定位结果表 明, 与对照 35S-YFP相比, 35S-ZFP-YFP即候选基因与黄色荧光蛋白 的融合蛋白主要定位于细胞膜上, 结果如图 7 所示, 该结果说明候选 基因 ZFP的编码产物是一种膜蛋白, 这与相当数量的膜蛋白参与逆境 信号传导的结论十分吻合, 说明了一种亚细胞定位与功能表达之间的 相关关系。 图 7所示结果显示: 与对照 35S-YFP相比, 35S-ZFP-YFP 即候选基因与黄色荧光蛋白的融合蛋白主要定位于细胞膜上。
综上, 本申请所公开的发明结果可以增进本领域技术人员对抗高 温性状基本遗传规律的了解, 同时, 该抗高温遗传位点的定位和候选 基因的确认与克隆及其共分离标记的开发都将为后续候选基因的功能 分析和在分子育种上的有效利用奠定了良好的理论和材料基础。
序列表独立文本
SEQ ID NO.1 OsHTAS基因组序列;
SEQ ID N0.2 OsHTAS基因编码序列;
SEQ ID NO.3 OsHTAS蛋白多肽序列;
SEQ ID N0.4 人工引物序列; SEQ ID NO.5 人工引物序列; SEQ ID NO.6 人工引物序列; SEQ ID N0.7 人工引物序列; SEQ ID NO.8 人工引物序列; SEQ ID N0.9 人工引物序列; SEQ ID NO.10 人工引物序歹 'j ; SEQ ID NO.11 人工引物序列。
Claims
1. 一种多肽, 其为选自下述任一:
A) 包含如 SEQIDN0.3 所示的氨基酸序列的多肽;
B) 包含在如 SEQIDN0.3 所示的氨基酸序列中或经缺失、 替换、 插入一个或多个氨基酸所得的氨基酸序列, 所述多肽具有抗高温功能;
C) 具有 SEQIDN0.3 所示的氨基酸序列的多肽;
D)氨基酸序列如 SEQIDN0.3 所示的多肽。
2. 一种基因该基因的多核苷酸序列为选自以下任一的多核苷酸序 列:
A) 包含如 SEQIDN0.1 所示的核苷酸序列的多核苷酸;
B)包含对应于如 SEQIDN0.1 所示的核苷酸序列中的第 2360到 2371位核苷酸为 GGGGGGGGGGGG保持不变, 在除此之外的核苷酸 序列中经缺失、 替换、 插入一个或多个核苷酸所得的多核苷酸序列, 其所编码的多肽具有抗高温功能;
C) 具有 SEQIDN0.1 所示的核苷酸序列的多核苷酸;
D)核苷酸序列如 SEQIDN0.1所示的多核苷酸;
E) 编码如权利要求 1所述任一种的多肽的多核苷酸序列。
3. 包含权利要求 2所述的基因的载体。
4. 一种宿主细胞, 其特征在于所述的细胞包含权利要求 1所述的 多肽, 或者权利要求 2所述的基因, 或者权利要求 3 所述的载体, 所 述宿主细胞优选真核生物细胞, 更优选植物细胞和酵母细胞, 所述植 物细胞优选禾本科植物细包, 特别优选水稻 ( Oryza ^ίνα L. ) 细胞。
5. 用于 选、 定位、 分离新核苷酸序列的分子标记, 所述标记选 自:
Α) 插入 /缺失标记 InDel5, 该标记位于水稻第九染色体距短臂端 9130-9150kb之间, 所述标记的扩增产物具有长度多态性;
B) SNP标记, 简称 RBspl407, 在感高温水稻和抗高温水稻植株 中, 基于 SEQ ID NO.l所述多核苷酸序列, 所述标记对应序列分别为 TGT705ACA 和 TGG705ACA;
C)微卫星 DNA标记 RM7364, 该标记位于水稻第九染色体距短 臂端 9440-9450kb之间, 所述标记经引物的扩增产物具有长度多态性。
6. 权利要求 5所述的标记在筛选、 定位、 分离抗 /感高温基因中的 应用, 其中所述的高温优选 42 °C或以上, 45 °C或以上, 48Ό或以上, 或 50°C或以上。
7. 植物育种方法, 所述方法包含应用权利要求 2所述的基因, 或 应用权利要求 1所述的多肽, 或权利要求 3所述的载体, 或权利要求 4 所述的宿主细胞, 或权利要求 5或 6所述的标记。
8. 使温度敏感型水稻恢复为非温度敏感型水稻的方法, 该方法包 括通过遗传操作使温度敏感型水稻基因组第 9号染色体中相应于 SEQ ID N0.1第 705位的核苷酸突变为 G。
9. 诱导水稻抗高温表型的方法, 该方法包括通过遗传操作使不具 备抗高温表型的水稻基因组笫 9 号染色体中相应于 SEQ ID N0.1 第 2360位的 5' 端插入 G, 其中, 所述的高温优选 42 °C或以上, 45 °C或 以上, 48°C或以上, 或 50°C或以上。
10. 使温度敏感型水稻为抗高温型水稻的方法,该方法包括通过遗 传操作使温度敏感型水稻基因组第 9号染色体中相应于 SEQ ID NO. l 第 705位的核苷酸突变为 G, 并且使其温度敏感型水稻基因组第 9号 染色体中第 2360位的 5' 端上游插入一个 G,使所得核苷酸序列与 SEQ ID NO. l 所示的核苷酸序列中的第 2360到 2371位核苷酸相同, 即自 2360位起远离起始密码子方向序列包含连续的 12个 G, 其中, 所述的 高温优选 42 °C或以上, 45 °C或以上, 48 °C或以上, 或 50°C或以上。
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| CN116790621B (zh) * | 2023-05-17 | 2024-02-27 | 广东省农业科学院农业生物基因研究中心 | 水稻OsZF基因在调控种子大小中的应用 |
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