WO2014077181A1 - 水処理装置および水処理方法 - Google Patents
水処理装置および水処理方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014077181A1 WO2014077181A1 PCT/JP2013/080114 JP2013080114W WO2014077181A1 WO 2014077181 A1 WO2014077181 A1 WO 2014077181A1 JP 2013080114 W JP2013080114 W JP 2013080114W WO 2014077181 A1 WO2014077181 A1 WO 2014077181A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/4608—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods using electrical discharges
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/465—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electroflotation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/74—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with air
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
- C02F1/46109—Electrodes
- C02F2001/46152—Electrodes characterised by the shape or form
- C02F2001/46171—Cylindrical or tubular shaped
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/002—Construction details of the apparatus
- C02F2201/003—Coaxial constructions, e.g. a cartridge located coaxially within another
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
- C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
- C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
- C02F2201/4616—Power supply
- C02F2201/46175—Electrical pulses
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
- C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
- C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
- C02F2201/4619—Supplying gas to the electrolyte
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/48—Devices for applying magnetic or electric fields
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
- C02F2305/02—Specific form of oxidant
- C02F2305/023—Reactive oxygen species, singlet oxygen, OH radical
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a water treatment apparatus and a water treatment method for treating water to be treated using radicals generated by bubbles in water.
- a cathode nozzle that is a first electrode whose other part is covered with an insulator so that only the tip is exposed, and a cathode nozzle that is opposed to the cathode nozzle.
- a wastewater treatment apparatus in which an anode serving as two electrodes is disposed in a treatment tank, and both electrodes are respectively connected to a high voltage pulse power source.
- an electric field is directly applied to the bubble by generating bubbles in the wastewater from the tip of the cathode nozzle while applying a high voltage pulse between the cathode nozzle and the anode.
- a discharge is generated.
- the oxidation substance is produced
- Non-Patent Document 1 it is difficult to irradiate bubbles existing in a place away from the X-ray irradiation apparatus in the X-ray irradiation direction due to the influence of X-ray attenuation in water. Met. For this reason, there has been a problem that it is difficult to efficiently discharge bubbles dispersed in a wide range.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and is compatible with a large-capacity treated water tank and can improve the treatment efficiency of waste water in the treated water tank and water.
- the object is to obtain a processing method.
- a water treatment apparatus is a water treatment apparatus that generates bubbles in treated water in a treated water tank and treats the treated water by discharge in the bubbles, and includes a pair of or more main electrodes and a pair or more.
- the water treatment method according to the present invention is a water treatment method in a water treatment apparatus that generates bubbles in treated water in a treated water tank and treats the treated water with radicals generated by bubble discharge in the bubbles.
- the step of generating bubbles in the treatment water tank, the step of bringing the bubbles into an excited state by forming a discharge with the bubbles when the generated bubbles pass through the preliminary discharge region in water, and the state of being excited And generating a radical by forming a discharge with the bubbles when the bubbles pass through the main discharge region in water.
- the water treatment device of the present invention after the bubbles generated in the bubble generating section pass through the preliminary discharge region, a discharge is formed in the bubbles, and then again in the bubbles when passing through the main discharge region. A discharge is formed.
- the water treatment method according to the present invention when the bubbles generated in the treated water tank pass through the preliminary discharge region in water, the step of bringing the bubbles into an excited state by forming a discharge with the bubbles, and A step of generating radicals by forming a discharge with bubbles when the excited bubbles pass through a main discharge region in water. Therefore, it can cope with a large-capacity treated water tank and can improve the treatment efficiency of waste water in the treated water tank.
- (A), (b) is a block diagram which shows the water treatment apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 5 of this invention.
- (A), (b) is a block diagram which shows the water treatment apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 6 of this invention.
- (A), (b) is a block diagram which shows the water treatment apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 7 of this invention.
- (A), (b) is a block diagram which shows the water treatment apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 8 of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the water treatment apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 9 of this invention.
- (A)-(c) is a block diagram which shows the water treatment apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 10 of this invention.
- (A), (b) is a block diagram which shows the water treatment apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 19 of this invention.
- (A), (b) is a block diagram which shows the water treatment apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 20 of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the water treatment apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 21 of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the water treatment apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 22 of this invention.
- (A), (b) is a block diagram which shows the water treatment apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 23 of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the water treatment apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 24 of this invention.
- FIG. 30 It is a block diagram which shows the water treatment apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 30 of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the water treatment apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 31 of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the water treatment apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 32 of this invention.
- A is a schematic diagram showing a state in which bubbles are released from the bubble hole so as to be in direct contact with the discharge electrode, and
- (b) is a state in which bubbles are released from the bubble hole at a distance L from the discharge electrode.
- C is explanatory drawing regarding the bubble which exists between the flat-plate electrodes in water. It is a graph showing the relationship between the electric field increase rate E / E 0 by flattened bubble with aspect ratio m.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a water treatment apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the main body of this water treatment apparatus is a treated water tank 1 in which treated water is stored or passed, and a drainage port 2 and a gas exhaust port 3 are provided in the upper part of the treated water tank 1.
- a water injection port 4 and a gas supply port 5 are provided at a lower portion of 1.
- a discharge unit 6, a bubble guide 7 and a bubble generation unit 8 arranged at the lower stage of the discharge unit 6 are provided inside the treated water tank 1.
- the discharge unit 6 includes an upper main electrode 61 and a lower preliminary electrode 62.
- the bubble generation unit 8 is connected to a gas supply source 9 through a gas supply port 5.
- the main electrode 61 includes a first main electrode 61a and a second main electrode 61b, the first main electrode 61a is connected to the first power source 10, and the second main electrode 61b is connected to the ground. ing. A main discharge region is formed between the first main electrode 61a and the second main electrode 61b. It should be noted that a predetermined voltage required for discharge is applied between the first main electrode 61a and the second main electrode 61b, and the potential of the second main electrode 61b is not necessarily the ground potential.
- the spare electrode 62 includes a first spare electrode 62a and a second spare electrode 62b, the first spare electrode 62a is connected to the second power source 11, and the second spare electrode 62b is connected to the ground. Yes. Also, a preliminary discharge region is formed between the first preliminary electrode 62a and the second preliminary electrode 62b. It is sufficient that a predetermined voltage required for discharge is applied between the first preliminary electrode 62a and the second preliminary electrode 62b, and the potential of the second preliminary electrode 62b does not necessarily need to be the ground potential.
- the difference between the main electrode 61 and the spare electrode 62 is that the spare electrode 62 is intended to discharge bubbles by a high electric field and generate initial electrons in the bubbles.
- the gap between them is narrow and the discharge area is also narrow.
- the main electrode 61 is intended to discharge bubbles containing initial electrons by preliminary discharge with a low electric field in a wide region and to generate radicals efficiently. Is widely formed. Therefore, the voltage applied to the main discharge region may be lower than the discharge start voltage when the preliminary discharge is not used.
- the average electric field strength in the preliminary discharge region is higher than the average electric field strength in the main discharge region, or air bubbles are applied in the preliminary discharge region.
- the electric field strength may be set to be higher than the electric field strength applied to the bubbles in the main discharge region.
- the preliminary discharge region and the main discharge region are regions where the preliminary discharge and the main discharge are substantially generated, respectively.
- the water to be treated is poured into the treated water tank 1 from the water inlet 4 and stored. Moreover, bubbles are generated in the water to be treated by introducing oxygen, water vapor, or a mixed gas thereof from the gas supply source 9 into the bubble generation unit 8 through the gas supply port 5.
- the generated bubbles are supplied to the preliminary discharge region through the bubble guide 7. At this time, a high electric field is formed in the main discharge region and the preliminary discharge region by applying a high voltage from the first power source 10 and the second power source 11 to the main electrode 61 and the preliminary electrode 62, respectively.
- the bubble discharge means that a discharge is formed in the bubble interface or in the bubble in a state where the bubble interface is in contact with water.
- a discharge is formed in the bubble interface or in the bubble in a state where the bubble interface is in contact with water.
- FIG. 2 shows an oxidation-reduction potential that is an index of the oxidizing power of each substance.
- OH radicals are 2.85 volts
- O radicals are 2.42 volts
- the values exceed 2.07 volts of ozone.
- the main mechanism of treatment of water to be treated by bubble discharge is that these radicals generated in the bubbles decompose target components (hardly decomposed components) in the water to be treated.
- oxygen ions and the like are generated by bubble discharge, but the oxidation activity is low, and they remain in the bubbles for a relatively long time.
- the electric field E 2 applied to the oxygen bubbles existing between the flat electrode pairs in water is expressed as follows, assuming that the equal electric field between the flat electrode pairs is E 1 , the relative permittivity ⁇ 1 of water, and the relative permittivity of oxygen bubbles is ⁇ 2. It is represented by Formula (4).
- FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the bubble diameter of oxygen in water and the discharge start electric field, which is derived from Paschen's law. It shows that the applied electric field required for the discharge formation increases as the bubble diameter decreases.
- the radicals generated by the underwater bubble discharge react at the interface between the water to be treated and the bubbles. Therefore, when considering the efficiency of treatment of the water to be treated, the contact area at the gas-liquid interface may be increased. is important. Therefore, it is desirable to form a discharge with a small bubble diameter and a large amount of bubbles.
- underwater discharge has a problem of energy loss due to Joule loss. That is, high-purity water such as ion-exchanged water has a low electrical conductivity of 1 ⁇ S / cm or less and high insulation, but the water to be treated contains a high amount of impurities, and thus has high electrical conductivity.
- Joule loss increases in proportion to the voltage application time, and is suppressed by instantaneous voltage application of about 100 nanoseconds. For this reason, in the discharge formation in water, a short pulse power source capable of outputting a voltage waveform having a fast waveform rising time and a short voltage application time is used.
- the influence can be mitigated by applying an excessive electric field to the discharge start electric field of the bubble, ionizing the bubble in advance by X-ray irradiation, etc., and supplying initial electrons. I know it.
- Embodiment 1 of the present invention when bubbles are preliminarily discharged in the preliminary discharge region and initial electrons of discharge such as electrons and ions are supplied to the bubbles, the bubble diameter is 1 mm.
- the discharge time delay that is affected by the time order of 10 3 seconds to 10 5 seconds is eliminated, and discharge can be formed in the latter-stage main electrode 61 under the electric field application conditions similar to the air discharge shown in FIG.
- the duration of the preliminary discharge effect is about 0.1 seconds, which is a value obtained by dividing M by v.
- the time interval until the bubbles that escape the preliminary discharge region are introduced into the main discharge region is 0.1 seconds or less. For this reason, it is preferable to set the distance between the spare electrode and the main electrode so as to satisfy the following expression represented by the moving speed of the bubbles.
- a large-area flat plate electrode enables large-volume discharge in water to be treated containing a large amount of fine bubbles, and as a result, The treatment efficiency of to-be-treated water can be improved.
- the main electrode 61 and the spare electrode 62 are always in contact with the water to be treated, the local temperature rise of the electrode due to the discharge heat is alleviated, and when a relatively low strength material such as alumina ceramic is used. Even if it exists, the damage by the stress of local thermal expansion can be prevented.
- oxygen or water vapor bubbles are used, but discharge with various gases is possible. Specifically, nitrogen, air, a rare gas such as argon or helium, or a mixed gas thereof can be used.
- nitrogen, air, a rare gas such as argon or helium, or a mixed gas thereof can be used.
- oxygen or water vapor is mixed with an inert gas such as nitrogen, the radicals can have a relatively long lifetime, and the decomposition effect of the radicals can be improved.
- discharge with a lower electric field is possible as compared with oxygen or water vapor.
- the type and composition of the discharge gas are not limited to the examples described above.
- the gas supply source 9 of Embodiment 1 of the present invention there is a means for connecting a mass flow controller to a gas cylinder and supplying a desired gas at a predetermined flow rate.
- a means for generating water vapor a means for heating water with an electric heater can be mentioned.
- the gas may be supplied to the bubble generating unit 8 at a desired flow rate and composition, and the gas supply method and the water vapor generation method are not limited to the above-described examples.
- the bubble generation unit 8 As the bubble generation unit 8 according to the first embodiment of the present invention, a means using a perforated plate or an air stone can be mentioned. However, the bubbles need only be supplied into the water in a desired shape (bubble diameter) and amount, and the bubble generation unit 8 is not limited to the example described above.
- the material of the main electrode 61 and the spare electrode 62 for example, a metal material such as stainless steel, aluminum, or copper can be used.
- a metal material such as stainless steel, aluminum, or copper
- the electrode material and the processing method are not particularly limited.
- the discharge surface side surfaces of the main electrode 61 and the spare electrode 62 may be covered with a dielectric.
- a dielectric for example, alumina ceramics or glass can be used as the dielectric material. These can be formed, for example, by spraying on the outer periphery of the metal body.
- the dielectric may be formed on the surface of the electrode with a desired thickness, and the dielectric material and processing method are not particularly limited.
- the dielectric is preferably formed with a thickness in the range of 10 ⁇ m to 5000 ⁇ m. This is because if the dielectric film is too thin, the dielectric strength is insufficient, and if it is too thick, it is necessary to apply a large voltage in the discharge formation.
- a voltage waveform having a rapid rise and a narrow width is used as the first power supply 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. What outputs is preferable. Specifically, a device that outputs a pulse voltage can be used. It should be noted that it is preferable to use a frequency in the range of 10 Hz to 1 MHz and an applied voltage of about 1 kV to 200 kV.
- the specification of the first power supply 10 may be determined according to the form of the electrode and the operating conditions, and is not limited to the above-described example.
- the second power supply 11 in the first embodiment of the present invention as in the first power supply 10, it is preferable to output a voltage waveform having a fast waveform rise and a narrow width (short voltage application time). Therefore, it may be used in common with the first power supply 10. Also, an AC power source or a DC power source can be used under conditions that are relatively difficult to be affected by the Joule loss of the water to be treated.
- the specification of the second power supply 10 may be determined according to the electrode form and operating conditions, and is not limited to the above-described example.
- the bubble guiding guide 7 in Embodiment 1 of the present invention for example, a ceramic material such as alumina or an insulating resin material such as PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) can be used.
- a perforated plate having an opening at the center and an inclination from the outer periphery toward the hole can be used.
- the material and shape are not limited to those described above.
- the interval between the preliminary discharge regions in the first embodiment of the present invention is set narrower than the interval between the main discharge regions, and the ratio thereof is 1: 2 or less. This is because if the ratio is too small, an electrical short circuit between the auxiliary electrodes 62 is likely to occur, and the generation efficiency of bubbles containing initial electrons is reduced. Moreover, if the ratio is too large, the applied voltage required for the discharge formation increases, and the discharge formation becomes difficult.
- the interval between the main discharge areas is preferably set in the range of 1 mm to 50 mm. This is because if the interval is too short, the processing efficiency is reduced due to a reduction in the processing volume. In addition, if the interval is too long, when the main discharge gap is 50 mm, discharge with a millimeter bubble is impossible even when 100 kV is applied from the above formula (4), and this is not practical in view of processing efficiency.
- the to-be-processed water does not necessarily need to be hold
- These can be realized using, for example, a liquid mass flow controller or a pump. These may be determined according to the decomposition time of the water to be treated.
- a discharge is formed in the bubble, and when the excited bubble passes through the main discharge region. Then, a discharge is formed again by bubbles, and radicals are generated. Therefore, a water treatment apparatus capable of realizing a large volume discharge in water to be treated containing a large amount of fine bubbles and applying high efficiency to the water to be treated by applying an electric field equivalent to that in the air. And a water treatment method can be obtained.
- Embodiment 1 of the present invention as shown in FIG. 4A, the configuration in which the second main electrode 62 b is disposed in close contact with the treated water tank 1 has been shown.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and as shown in FIG. 4B, the treated water tank 1 itself may be a ground electrode (second main electrode 61b or second preliminary electrode 62b).
- This configuration can be realized, for example, by using a metal material such as stainless steel, aluminum, or copper as the material of the treated water tank 1 and connecting it to the ground.
- Embodiment 2 of this invention demonstrates the case where the wall itself of the treated water tank 1 which mutually opposes via the 1st main electrode 61a arrange
- FIG.4 (b) is a block diagram which shows arrangement
- the container having a rectangular cross section constituting the treated water tank 1 is formed of the material of the main electrodes 61a and 61b. That is, the 2nd main electrode 61b is integrated with the treated water tank 1, and conductive materials, such as stainless steel, aluminum, and copper, are used for the material of the treated water tank 1, for example.
- Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment.
- the preliminary discharge in which a high electric field is applied to the bubbles is performed, and the bubbles containing initial electrons are treated by the preliminary discharge.
- discharge can be formed while the electric field is lower than that of the preliminary discharge, and OH radicals can be generated efficiently.
- OH radicals can be generated efficiently.
- Embodiment 3 FIG. Furthermore, in Embodiment 1 of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 4 (c), the treated water tank 1 itself is a ground electrode (the second main electrode 61b or the second preliminary electrode 62b), and The process water tank 1 and the 1st main electrode 61a may be the structure arrange
- This configuration is realized, for example, by configuring the treated water tank 1 in a cylindrical shape and the first main electrode 61a in a columnar shape, so that the main discharge region or the preliminary discharge region can be made relatively wide.
- FIG.4 (c) is a block diagram which shows the state which looked at the arrangement
- a cylindrical container is used for the treated water tank 1.
- the shape of the first main electrode 61a is a columnar shape (cylindrical shape) having a substantially circular cross section. Other configurations are the same as those of the second embodiment.
- the main discharge region can be made wider than in the first embodiment. Thereby, a larger amount of water to be treated can be treated efficiently.
- FIG. FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram showing a water treatment device according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
- the fourth embodiment of the present invention differs from the first embodiment in that the first preliminary electrode 62a and the second preliminary electrode 62b are both formed in a needle shape.
- the first preliminary electrode 62a and the second preliminary electrode 62b in the fourth embodiment of the present invention are both constituted by needle-like electrodes, and the insulating material 62c is interposed therebetween. Electrical insulation is maintained and the tip of the needle is attached to the treated water tank 1 so as to slightly protrude from the insulating material 62c.
- an electric field concentration effect can be obtained by using the needle electrode, and a higher electric field can be applied to the bubbles. This facilitates discharge formation even in a small diameter bubble that requires a high electric field for discharge.
- the spare electrode 62 is a pair is shown.
- a plurality of needle-like electrodes may be arranged in parallel. .
- the number and arrangement of the spare electrodes 62 are not limited to the example described above.
- the length of the protruding portion of the needle in the fourth embodiment of the present invention is preferably configured to be 1 mm or less. This is because if the protrusion is long, the bubbles are less likely to be guided to the preliminary discharge region at the tip of the needle.
- the insulating material 62c for example, a ceramic material such as alumina or an insulating resin material such as PTFE can be used.
- a ceramic material such as alumina or an insulating resin material such as PTFE can be used.
- the material of the insulating material is not limited to the above-described example.
- FIG. FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a water treatment apparatus according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
- the fifth embodiment of the present invention differs from the first embodiment in that one of the first preliminary electrode 62a and the second preliminary electrode 62b is formed in a needle shape and the other is formed in a flat plate shape.
- the first preliminary electrode 62a and the second preliminary electrode 62b according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention are configured with one needle-shaped electrode and the other a plate-shaped electrode.
- the needle-shaped electrode is attached to the treated water tank 1 so that electrical insulation is maintained via the insulating material 62c, and the tip of the needle slightly protrudes from the insulating material 62c.
- an electric field concentration effect can be obtained by using a needle electrode, and a higher electric field can be applied to the bubble. This facilitates discharge formation even in a small diameter bubble that requires a high electric field for discharge.
- the number of the spare electrodes 62 is a pair has been shown.
- a plurality of needle-like electrodes may be arranged in parallel. Thereby, it is possible to form the preliminary discharge in a relatively wide area while obtaining the electric field concentration effect.
- the number and arrangement of the spare electrodes 62 are not limited to the example described above.
- the length of the protruding portion of the needle in the fifth embodiment of the present invention is preferably configured to be 1 mm or less. This is because if the protrusion is long, the bubbles are less likely to be guided to the preliminary discharge region at the tip of the needle.
- the insulating material 62c for example, a ceramic material such as alumina or an insulating resin material such as PTFE can be used.
- a ceramic material such as alumina or an insulating resin material such as PTFE can be used.
- the material of the insulating material is not limited to the above-described example.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a water treatment apparatus according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
- the sixth embodiment of the present invention differs from the first embodiment in that the first preliminary electrode 62a and the second preliminary electrode 62b are both formed in a wire shape. As shown in FIG. 7A, the wire is configured to extend in the depth direction of the drawing.
- an electric field concentration effect can be obtained by using the wire electrode, and a higher electric field can be applied to the bubbles. This facilitates discharge formation even in a small diameter bubble that requires a high electric field for discharge.
- the spare electrode 62 is a pair has been shown.
- a wire composed of a plurality of wires and connected to the ground A configuration in which wires connected to a high voltage are alternately arranged may be employed. Thereby, it is possible to form the preliminary discharge in a relatively wide area while obtaining the electric field concentration effect.
- the number and arrangement of the spare electrodes 62 are not limited to the example described above.
- FIG. FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing a water treatment apparatus according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
- the seventh embodiment of the present invention differs from the first embodiment in that one of the first preliminary electrode 62a and the second preliminary electrode 62b is formed in a wire shape and the other is formed in a flat plate shape. As shown in FIG. 8A, the wire is configured to extend in the depth direction of the drawing.
- the electric field concentration effect can be obtained by using the wire electrode and the flat plate electrode, and a higher electric field can be applied to the bubble. It becomes. This facilitates discharge formation even in a small diameter bubble that requires a high electric field for discharge.
- the spare electrode 62 is a pair.
- the spare electrode 62 is composed of a plurality of flat plates and wires and connected to the ground.
- a configuration in which flat plates and wires connected to a high voltage are alternately arranged may be employed. Thereby, it is possible to form the preliminary discharge in a relatively wide area while obtaining the electric field concentration effect.
- the number and arrangement of the spare electrodes 62 are not limited to the example described above.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing a water treatment apparatus according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention.
- the eighth embodiment of the present invention differs from the first embodiment in that one of the first preliminary electrode 62a and the second preliminary electrode 62b is configured in a wire shape and the other is in a needle shape. As shown in FIG. 9A, the wire is configured to extend in the depth direction of the drawing.
- the electric field concentration effect can be obtained by using the wire electrode and the needle electrode, and a higher electric field can be applied to the bubble. It becomes. This facilitates discharge formation even in a small diameter bubble that requires a high electric field for discharge.
- the spare electrode 62 is a pair is shown.
- a configuration in which a plurality of wires and needles are arranged side by side is also possible. Good. Thereby, it is possible to form the preliminary discharge in a relatively wide area while obtaining the electric field concentration effect.
- the number and arrangement of the spare electrodes 62 are not limited to the example described above.
- FIG. FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing a water treatment apparatus according to Embodiment 9 of the present invention.
- the ninth embodiment of the present invention is different from the first embodiment in that both the first preliminary electrode 62a and the second preliminary electrode 62b are formed of perforated flat-plate electrodes.
- the first preliminary electrode 62a and the second preliminary electrode 62b according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention are both constituted by perforated flat electrodes, and the holes of each electrode are linear. It is arranged so as not to overlap. Therefore, the configuration is such that the bubbles that have passed through the hole of the first preliminary electrode 62a always pass through the preliminary discharge region before being ejected from the hole of the second preliminary electrode 62b.
- the bubble guiding guide 7 is not provided by allowing the bubbles to pass through the hole opened in the spare electrode 62. Also, bubbles can be introduced into the preliminary discharge region. In addition, since the bubble can be preliminarily discharged in a large area, the apparatus can be simplified and bubbles containing initial electrons can be efficiently generated in the predischarge region.
- the diameter of the hole of the first preliminary electrode 62a in the ninth embodiment of the present invention is not limited, but the hole diameter is set between 2 mm and 10 mm in order to allow the bubbles generated in the second preliminary electrode 62b to pass through without staying. It is preferable to do.
- the hole diameter and the hole interval of the second preliminary electrode 62b in the ninth embodiment of the present invention are not particularly limited, but the hole interval D ⁇ 1 with respect to the hole diameter D for the purpose of suppressing the coalescence of the bubbles. It is preferable that the hole diameter is set between 2 mm and 10 mm in order to allow bubbles to pass through without being retained.
- FIG. FIG. 11 is a configuration diagram showing a water treatment device according to Embodiment 10 of the present invention.
- bubble generating portion 8 is formed of an insulator perforated plate, and the insulator perforated plate has holes arranged in a matrix. Is provided.
- the first preliminary electrode 62a and the second preliminary electrode 62b are different from the first embodiment in that one pair is arranged on each side of each row of holes.
- the effective discharge area is reduced by arranging the electrode pair only in the vicinity of the hole, and the influence of Joule loss. It can be made difficult to receive.
- the shape of the preliminary electrode 62 in the tenth embodiment of the present invention may be provided with a protruding portion 62d opposed to the outer periphery of the hole as shown in FIG. 11C, for example.
- the bubble generating portion 8 may be made of a ceramic material such as alumina or an insulating resin material such as PTFE that has been perforated.
- a ceramic material such as alumina
- an insulating resin material such as PTFE that has been perforated.
- the material is not limited to the above-described example.
- FIG. FIG. 12 is a configuration diagram showing a water treatment device according to Embodiment 11 of the present invention.
- the second preliminary electrode 62b having a perforated flat plate shape in which the functions of the bubble generating unit 8 and the preliminary electrode 62 are integrated is provided, and the first preliminary electrode 62a is configured in a flat plate shape. This is different from the first embodiment.
- the second preliminary electrode 62b according to the eleventh embodiment of the present invention has a perforated plate shape in which holes for generating bubbles are formed, and the first preliminary electrode 62a
- the two preliminary electrodes 62b are formed in a flat plate shape having the same area as the region where the holes are arranged.
- the bubbles generated by the second preliminary electrode 62b are directly introduced into the preliminary discharge region. Therefore, preliminary discharge with a relatively uniform bubble diameter can be performed, and the stability of the preliminary discharge can be improved.
- the interval D ⁇ 1.5 with respect to the aperture diameter D for the purpose of suppressing the coalescence of bubbles.
- the hole diameter D is preferably set between 0.1 mm and 1 mm.
- FIG. FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing a water treatment apparatus according to Embodiment 12 of the present invention.
- the second preliminary electrode 62b having a perforated flat plate shape in which the functions of the bubble generating portion 8 and the preliminary electrode 62 are integrated is provided, and the first preliminary electrode 62a is also a perforated flat plate shape.
- the point which is comprised differs from the said Embodiment 1.
- the first preliminary electrode 62a and the second preliminary electrode 62b in the twelfth embodiment of the present invention are configured in a perforated plate shape in which holes for generating bubbles are formed. It arrange
- the bubbles generated by the second preliminary electrode 62b are directly supplied to the preliminary discharge region. Therefore, preliminary discharge with a relatively uniform bubble diameter can be performed, and the stability of the preliminary discharge can be improved.
- the diameter of the hole of the first preliminary electrode 62a in the twelfth embodiment of the present invention is not limited, but the hole diameter is set between 2 mm and 10 mm in order to allow the bubbles generated in the second preliminary electrode 62b to pass through without staying. It is preferable to do.
- the hole interval D ⁇ 1 with respect to the hole diameter D for the purpose of suppressing the coalescence of bubbles. It is preferable that the hole diameter D is set between 0.1 mm and 1 mm in order to generate small diameter bubbles.
- FIG. FIG. 14 is a configuration diagram showing a water treatment device according to Embodiment 13 of the present invention.
- the thirteenth embodiment of the present invention includes a second preliminary electrode 62b having a perforated plate shape in which the functions of the bubble generating unit 8 and the preliminary electrode 62 are integrated.
- the point in which the 1st preliminary electrode 62a is comprised by the wire shape differs from the said Embodiment 1.
- the second preliminary electrode 62b in the thirteenth embodiment of the present invention is formed in a perforated flat plate shape in which holes for generating bubbles are formed in a matrix.
- the first preliminary electrode 62a is formed in a wire shape indicated by a thick line in the drawing, and is arranged so as to be directly above each row of holes of the second preliminary electrode 62b.
- the bubbles generated by the second preliminary electrode 62b are directly supplied to the preliminary discharge region. Therefore, preliminary discharge with a relatively uniform bubble diameter can be performed, and the stability of the preliminary discharge can be improved. In addition, due to the electric field concentration effect due to the electrode shape of the wire, the discharge can be formed at a low voltage.
- the example in which the wires are arranged directly above the respective rows of the holes with respect to the positional relationship between the holes of the second preliminary electrode 62b and the first preliminary electrode 62a has been described.
- the positional relationship between the two electrodes is not particularly limited as long as it passes through the preliminary discharge region.
- the hole diameter of the first preliminary electrode 62a in the thirteenth embodiment of the present invention is not limited, the hole diameter is between 2 mm and 10 mm in order to allow the bubbles generated in the second preliminary electrode 62b to pass through without staying. It is preferable to set to.
- FIG. FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing a water treatment apparatus according to Embodiment 14 of the present invention.
- the second preliminary electrode 62b having a perforated flat plate shape, in which the functions of the bubble generating portion 8 and the preliminary electrode 62 are integrated, is provided, and the first preliminary electrode 62a has a plurality of needle shapes.
- the point which is comprised differs from the said Embodiment 1.
- the second preliminary electrode 62b has a perforated flat plate shape in which holes for generating bubbles are formed in a matrix shape.
- the electrode 62a is formed in a needle shape, and has a one-to-one relationship so that the tip of the needle of the first preliminary electrode 62a slightly enters toward the opening of the hole immediately above each hole of the second preliminary electrode 62b. Arranged in correspondence.
- the bubbles generated by the second preliminary electrode 62b are directly supplied to the preliminary discharge region. Therefore, preliminary discharge with a relatively uniform bubble diameter can be performed, and the stability of the preliminary discharge can be improved. In addition, the electric field concentration effect due to the electrode shape of the needle enables discharge formation at a low voltage.
- the tip of the needle of the first preliminary electrode 62a slightly enters toward the opening of the hole.
- the positional relationship between the two electrodes there is no particular limitation on the positional relationship between the two electrodes as long as the bubbles can be surely passed through the preliminary discharge region.
- the interval D ⁇ 1.5 with respect to the aperture diameter D for the purpose of suppressing the coalescence of the bubbles.
- the hole diameter D is preferably set between 0.1 mm and 1 mm.
- FIG. FIG. 16 is a block diagram showing a water treatment apparatus according to Embodiment 15 of the present invention.
- a needle nozzle-like second preliminary electrode 62b in which the functions of the bubble generating unit 8 and the preliminary electrode 62 are integrated is provided, and the first preliminary electrode 62a is configured in a flat plate shape. This is different from the first embodiment.
- the second preliminary electrode 62b is composed of needle nozzles arranged in a matrix, and the first preliminary electrode 62a is the nozzle tip of the second preliminary electrode 62b. It is comprised by the flat plate shape which has an area equivalent to the area
- the preliminary discharge region can be stopped in a relatively narrow region, and the effect of electric field concentration can be achieved. Therefore, it is possible to form a preliminary discharge of bubbles at a low voltage while suppressing the influence of Joule loss.
- FIG. 17 is a block diagram showing a water treatment apparatus according to Embodiment 16 of the present invention.
- the sixteenth embodiment of the present invention includes a needle nozzle-like second preliminary electrode 62b in which the functions of the bubble generating portion 8 and the preliminary electrode 62 are integrated,
- the point that the 1 preliminary electrode 62a is comprised by the perforated flat plate shape differs from the said Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 1 is comprised by the perforated flat plate shape.
- the second preliminary electrode 62b in the sixteenth embodiment of the present invention is composed of needle nozzles arranged in a matrix, and the first preliminary electrode 62a is the first preliminary electrode 62a.
- 2 is constituted by a perforated flat plate provided with holes so as to correspond to the arrangement of the needle nozzles of the preliminary electrode 62b.
- the holes are tapered, and the first preliminary electrode 62a is directly below each hole.
- the tip of each needle nozzle of the two preliminary electrodes 62b is arranged in a one-to-one correspondence so as to slightly enter the opening of the hole.
- the preliminary discharge region can be stopped in a relatively narrow region and the effect of electric field concentration can be achieved. Therefore, it is possible to form a preliminary discharge of bubbles at a low voltage while suppressing the influence of Joule loss.
- the example in which the hole of the perforated flat plate is formed in a tapered shape is shown.
- any structure may be used as long as the bubble can surely pass through the preliminary discharge region.
- FIG. It can also be made into a shape as shown in FIG.
- the shape may be a shape that can provide the effect of electric field concentration, and the diameter, number, shape, and arrangement of the holes are not particularly limited.
- FIG. FIG. 18 is a block diagram showing a water treatment device according to Embodiment 17 of the present invention.
- a needle nozzle-like second preliminary electrode 62b in which the functions of the bubble generating unit 8 and the preliminary electrode 62 are integrated is provided, and the first preliminary electrode 62a is configured in a needle shape. This is different from the first embodiment.
- the second preliminary electrode 62b is composed of needle nozzles arranged in a matrix, and is directly above the tip of each nozzle portion of the second preliminary electrode 62b.
- the tip of the needle of the first preliminary electrode 62a is arranged in a one-to-one correspondence so as to face the opening of the hole.
- the preliminary discharge region can be stopped in a relatively narrow region and the effect of electric field concentration can be achieved. Therefore, it is possible to form a preliminary discharge of bubbles at a low voltage while suppressing the influence of Joule loss.
- the positional relationship between the first preliminary electrode 62a and the second preliminary electrode 62b is one pair so that the tip of the needle faces the opening of the hole immediately above the tip of each needle nozzle portion.
- the diameter, number, shape, and arrangement of the holes as long as the bubbles can reliably pass through the preliminary discharge region.
- FIG. FIG. 19 is a block diagram showing a water treatment apparatus according to Embodiment 18 of the present invention.
- a needle nozzle-like second preliminary electrode 62b in which the functions of the bubble generating unit 8 and the preliminary electrode 62 are integrated is provided, and the first preliminary electrode 62a is configured in a wire shape. This is different from the first embodiment.
- the second preliminary electrode 62b As shown in FIG. 19, the second preliminary electrode 62b according to the eighteenth embodiment of the present invention is configured in a needle nozzle shape arranged in a matrix, and the first preliminary electrode 62a is the same as that shown in FIG. In b), it is constituted by a wire indicated by a thick line in the drawing, and is arranged so as to be directly above each row of the holes of the nozzle portion of the second preliminary electrode 62b.
- the preliminary discharge region is stopped in a relatively narrow region and the effect of electric field concentration is obtained.
- FIG. FIG. 20 is a configuration diagram showing a water treatment device according to Embodiment 19 of the present invention.
- the nineteenth embodiment of the present invention differs from the first to eighteenth embodiments in that an integrated electrode 63 in which the main electrode 61 and the spare electrode 62 are integrated is provided.
- an integrated electrode 63 in which a main electrode 61 and a spare electrode 62 are integrated is provided, and the integrated electrode 63 is a first integrated electrode 63a. And the second integrated electrode 63b.
- a main discharge region is provided between the first integrated electrode 63a and the second integrated electrode 63b, and a space between the first integrated electrode 63a and the second integrated electrode 63b is provided in a part of the main discharge region. It has a preliminary discharge region that is narrowed.
- the first integrated electrode 63a is connected to the first power supply 10, and the second integrated electrode 63b is connected to the ground.
- a bubble guiding guide 7 for guiding bubbles to the preliminary discharge region is provided below the second integrated electrode 63b, and a bubble generating unit 8 for introducing bubbles into the water is disposed below the bubble guiding guide 7. Is provided.
- the water to be treated is poured into the treated water tank 1 from the water inlet 4 and stored. Moreover, bubbles are generated in the water to be treated by introducing oxygen or water vapor from the gas supply source 9 into the bubble generation unit 8 through the gas supply port 5.
- the generated bubbles are supplied to the preliminary discharge area and the main discharge area. At this time, by applying a high voltage from the first power source 10 to the first integrated electrode 63, a high electric field is formed in the preliminary discharge region and the main discharge region.
- the bubble passes through the preliminary discharge region, a discharge is formed in the bubble (preliminary discharge), and initial electrons are supplied to the bubble. Thereafter, the bubbles containing the initial electrons are immediately introduced into the main electrode region, and a discharge of the bubbles is again formed (main discharge), and the water to be treated is treated with the generated radicals. The remaining bubbles without reacting are discharged from the gas exhaust port 3.
- the main electrode 61 and the spare electrode 62 are integrated into the integrated electrode 63, so that the preliminary discharge is performed.
- bubbles containing initial electrons directly enter the main discharge region, and discharge can be formed without being affected by the initial electron deactivation.
- the second integrated electrode 63 b It is good also as a structure which provided the slope which goes to a preliminary discharge area
- FIG. FIG. 21 is a block diagram showing a water treatment apparatus according to Embodiment 20 of the present invention.
- the embodiment 20 of the present invention differs from the embodiment 19 in that a part of the integrated electrode 63 includes a needle region.
- the electric field concentration effect due to the electrode shape can be obtained, and a higher electric field can be applied to the bubble. It becomes possible. This facilitates discharge formation even in a small diameter bubble that requires a high electric field for discharge.
- the second integrated electrode 63 b It is good also as a structure which provided the slope which goes to a preliminary discharge area
- FIG. FIG. 22 is a block diagram showing a water treatment apparatus according to Embodiment 21 of the present invention.
- the main electrode 61, the spare electrode 62, and the bubble generating unit 8 are provided with an integrated electrode 63, and a part of the integrated electrode 63 includes a perforated plate-shaped region. This differs from the nineteenth embodiment.
- an integrated electrode 63 in which the main electrode 61, the spare electrode 62, and the bubble generating unit 8 are integrated is provided, and the integrated electrode 63 is a first integrated electrode.
- the electrode 63a and the second integrated electrode 63b are configured.
- the second integrated electrode 63b has a plate-shaped perforated plate region in which a plurality of holes are partially opened, and a preliminary discharge region is formed between the perforated plate region and the first integrated electrode 63a. Yes.
- the bubbles generated in the perforated plate region are directly supplied to the preliminary discharge region. Without receiving, preliminary discharge with a relatively uniform bubble diameter is possible, and the stability of the preliminary discharge can be improved.
- the example in which the perforated plate region is provided in the second integrated electrode 63b has been described.
- the first integrated electrode 63a may be provided.
- region there is no restriction
- FIG. FIG. 23 is a block diagram showing a water treatment apparatus according to Embodiment 22 of the present invention.
- the twenty-second embodiment of the present invention includes an integrated electrode 63 in which the main electrode 61, the spare electrode 62, and the bubble generating unit 8 are integrated, and a portion of the integrated electrode 63 includes an area configured by a needle nozzle. However, this is different from Embodiment 21 above.
- an integrated electrode 63 in which the main electrode 61, the spare electrode 62, and the bubble generating unit 8 are integrated is provided, and the integrated electrode 63 is a first integrated electrode.
- the electrode 63a and the second integrated electrode 63b are configured.
- a main discharge region is provided between the first integrated electrode 63a and the second integrated electrode 63b, the first integrated electrode 63a is connected to the first power supply 10, and the second integrated electrode 63b is connected to the ground. ing.
- the second integrated electrode 63b has a needle nozzle region composed of a plurality of needle nozzles in part, and each needle nozzle is connected to the gas supply port 5, and the tip of each needle nozzle and the first integrated electrode A pre-discharge region is formed between 63a and 63a.
- an electric field concentration effect can be obtained and a higher electric field can be applied to the bubble. . This facilitates discharge formation even in a small diameter bubble that requires a high electric field for discharge.
- the example in which the needle nozzle region is provided in the second integrated electrode 63b has been described.
- the configuration may be provided in the first integrated electrode 63a.
- region there is no restriction
- FIG. FIG. 24 is a block diagram showing a water treatment apparatus according to Embodiment 23 of the present invention.
- the twenty-third embodiment of the present invention differs from the first to eighteenth embodiments in that the main electrode 61 or the spare electrode 62 is configured in multiple stages.
- the electrodes are multi-staged so that the bubbles reduced in diameter by the discharge are united in the non-electric field application region, It is possible to form a discharge again. Thereby, electric power and source gas can be used effectively.
- a configuration is shown in which a plurality of main electrodes 61 are provided at regular intervals.
- a configuration may be adopted in which the spare electrode 62 and the main electrode 61 are alternately provided.
- the electrode has a four-stage configuration
- the number of electrode stages is not particularly limited.
- FIG. FIG. 25 is a block diagram showing a water treatment apparatus according to Embodiment 24 of the present invention.
- the twenty-fourth embodiment of the present invention is different from the first to eighteenth embodiments described above in that a fresh water supply port 12 is provided below the preliminary discharge region.
- the fresh water having a low electrical conductivity is supplied at a constant flow rate from the fresh water supply port 12 provided in the lower stage of the preliminary discharge region. Therefore, the preliminary discharge area is always filled with fresh water, and the water to be treated does not flow into the preliminary discharge area.
- the fresh water passes through the preliminary discharge region, is mixed with the water to be treated, and is discharged to the outside of the treated water tank 1 through the drain port 2.
- Embodiment 24 of the present invention in addition to the advantages of Embodiments 1 to 23 above, by forming a preliminary discharge in clean water, it is possible to form a preliminary discharge while suppressing Joule loss, The power efficiency of the preliminary discharge can be improved. Moreover, it is not necessary to use an expensive short pulse power supply by flowing fresh water having a low conductivity, and for example, an inexpensive DC power supply can be used.
- the clear water in Embodiment 24 of the present invention refers to a liquid having a conductivity in the range of 0.05 ⁇ S / cm to 200 ⁇ S / cm.
- FIG. FIG. 26 is a block diagram showing a water treatment apparatus according to Embodiment 25 of the present invention.
- the twenty-fifth embodiment of the present invention is different from the first to twenty-fourth embodiments described above in that the water inlet 4 and the drain outlet 2 of the water to be treated are connected in reverse and the direction of water flow is reversed. .
- the water to be treated in addition to the advantages of the first to twenty-fourth embodiments, in the main discharge region, the water to be treated is caused to flow in the direction opposite to the direction of bubble movement by buoyancy.
- the residence time of the bubbles is extended, and the raw material gas can be used more efficiently.
- FIG. FIG. 27 is a block diagram showing a water treatment apparatus according to Embodiment 26 of the present invention.
- the twenty-sixth embodiment of the present invention differs from the first to twenty-fourth embodiments in that a gas short-circuit phase is formed in the preliminary discharge region and preliminary discharge is performed.
- a description will be given with reference to FIG.
- the first preliminary electrode 62a is configured as a needle
- the second preliminary electrode 62b is a needle nozzle-shaped electrode that can introduce bubbles into water. It is configured.
- a preliminary discharge region is formed between the tip of the first preliminary electrode 62a and the second preliminary electrode 62b, and the interval between the preliminary electrodes 62 is smaller than the diameter of bubbles ejected from the second preliminary electrode 62b. Thus, a gas short-circuiting phase is formed.
- a gas short circuit phase is formed between the first preliminary electrode 62a and the second preliminary electrode 62b. Even in the case of bubbles, it is the same as that in the air, and preliminary discharge can be performed without being affected by Joule loss. As a result, the power efficiency of the preliminary discharge can be improved, and it is not necessary to use an expensive short pulse power supply, and for example, an inexpensive DC power supply can be used.
- the gas short-circuited phase in Embodiment 26 of the present invention refers to a state in which the generated bubbles are in contact with both the first preliminary electrode 62a and the second preliminary electrode 62b.
- the formation of the gas short-circuited phase according to the twenty-sixth embodiment of the present invention can be realized, for example, by making the interval between the preliminary electrodes 62 smaller than the diameter of bubbles ejected from the needle nozzle electrode. Moreover, it can always be set as a gas short circuit state by increasing supply gas flow volume. However, it is only necessary to short-circuit between the spare electrodes 62, and the method of forming the gas short-circuited phase is not limited to the above-described example.
- FIG. FIG. 28 is a block diagram showing a water treatment apparatus according to Embodiment 27 of the present invention.
- the twenty-seventh embodiment of the present invention is different from the first to twenty-fourth embodiments described above in that a discharge control unit 13 and a pulse bubble generation unit 14 are provided.
- a discharge control unit 13 and a pulse bubble generation unit 14 are provided.
- a discharge control unit 13 and a pulse bubble generation unit 14 that generate bubbles in water at an arbitrary cycle are provided.
- the generator 14 is connected to the first power supply 10 and the second power supply 11.
- Bubbles are generated from the pulse bubble generator 14 at a constant cycle.
- the generated bubbles proceed according to buoyancy.
- the time interval until the generated bubbles enter each discharge area is grasped in advance.
- information on the generation of bubbles from the pulse bubble generation unit 14 is transmitted to the discharge control unit 13.
- the discharge controller 13 applies a voltage only to the discharge region where bubbles exist, among the discharge regions. That is, no voltage is applied in the discharge region where no bubbles are present. In this way, discharges are sequentially formed in each discharge region in accordance with the direction of bubble movement.
- Embodiment 27 of the present invention in addition to the advantages of Embodiment 23 above, Joule loss is suppressed by applying voltage only to the discharge region where bubbles are present, and power is reduced. It can be used efficiently.
- the discharge control unit 13 in Embodiment 27 of the present invention for example, control using a function generator can be cited.
- the pulse bubble generation part 14 the method of connecting the switch which repeats opening and closing periodically to the gas flow path between the bubble generation part 8 and the gas supply source 9 is mentioned.
- the discharge control unit 13 and the pulse bubble generation unit 14 are not limited to the method described above.
- Embodiment 27 of the present invention has been described using the apparatus aspect of Embodiment 23 described above, the application target of this treatment method is as follows.
- the present invention is not limited to the device aspect of the twenty-third embodiment, and can be similarly applied to the device aspects of the other embodiments described above.
- FIG. FIG. 29 is a block diagram showing a water treatment apparatus according to Embodiment 28 of the present invention.
- the twenty-eighth embodiment of the present invention includes an integrated electrode 63 in which a main electrode 61 and a spare electrode 62 are integrated, and the integrated electrode 63 has a high electric field region 63c partially formed in a needle shape, and a nozzle
- the bubble generating part 8 formed in a shape is different from the above-described Embodiments 1 to 24 in that the hole from which the bubble is ejected is provided toward the high electric field region 63c.
- a high electric field region 63c formed so that a plurality of needle-like electrodes protrude adjacent to each other is provided on the surface of the end portion of the first integrated electrode 63a.
- a nozzle-shaped bubble generating part 8 made of an insulating material is arranged so that the hole at the tip of the nozzle from which the bubbles are ejected faces the high electric field region 63c and the discharge region between the electrodes. It is arranged without entering.
- the nozzle tip of the bubble generation unit 8 is inclined obliquely at an angle of 30 to 50 degrees with respect to the vertical direction so that the bubbles are supplied obliquely from below to the high electric field region 63c. It is configured. With this configuration, the bubbles can be guided so as to approach toward the high electric field region 63c.
- an electric field is formed between the integrated electrodes 63 by applying a voltage from the pulse power supply (first power supply) 10 to the first integrated electrode 63a. Further, by supplying gas from the gas supply source 9 to the gas supply port 5, bubbles are introduced into the water to be treated from the hole at the tip of the nozzle of the bubble generation unit 8. Thereby, when a bubble contacts the high electric field area
- the electric field applied to the bubbles when the bubbles come into contact with the needle-shaped high electric field region 63c will be considered.
- a needle-shaped electrode With a needle-shaped electrode, a high electric field is formed at the needle tip due to electric field concentration.
- the radius of curvature of the needle tip is r o
- the discharge gap length is d
- the voltage applied to the electrode is V
- r o is sufficiently smaller than d
- the example in which the high electric field region 63c is formed in a needle shape is shown.
- the shape has a portion with a high curvature as shown in the above formula (5).
- the edge part of a discharge electrode may be utilized and the shape of a high electric field area
- region is not limited to the example mentioned above.
- the arrangement of the high electric field region 63c in the surface of the discharge electrode is not particularly limited, but it is preferably provided in the vicinity of the entrance where the bubbles enter between the discharge electrodes. This is because by preliminarily lighting the preliminary discharge between the electrodes, the discharge can be maintained for a longer time in the main discharge region, and the processing efficiency is good.
- Embodiment 28 of the present invention an example in which the high electric field region is formed in the first integrated electrode 63a has been shown. However, it may be formed in the second integrated electrode 63b, and the first integrated electrode 63a and the second integrated electrode 63a. You may form in both the integrated electrodes 63b.
- the configuration including the integrated electrode 63 in which the spare electrode 62 and the main electrode 61 are integrated is shown.
- the standby electrode 62 and the main electrode 61 are independent.
- the presence / absence of the integration of the spare electrode 62 and the main electrode 61 is not limited to the above-described example.
- the processing method shown in Embodiment 28 of the present invention is not limited to the application to the preliminary discharge, but may be applied to the main discharge.
- a certain high electric field can be applied to the bubbles by bringing the bubbles into contact with the electrodes.
- high electric field formation such as electric field concentration at the tip of the needle electrode cannot be expected.
- a planar electrode since the electric field concentrates in the vicinity of the contact point between the bubble and the electrode when the bubble contacts the electrode, a certain high electric field can be applied to the bubble.
- the interval with respect to the bubble diameter M is arranged between 1 / 2M to M. It is preferable. By setting the interval to be equal to or smaller than the bubble diameter, the bubbles can be guided to the high electric field region without being influenced by the supply gas flow rate or the flow rate of the treatment water flowing in the treatment tank. When the interval is too small, the generation of bubbles is hindered by the blockage of the ejection port.
- Embodiment 28 of the present invention an example in which the bubble generating portion 8 is formed of a nozzle-shaped insulating material has been shown.
- the material and the shape of the bubble generating part are not limited to the above-described example.
- the application target of this processing method is not limited to the apparatus aspect of the twenty-eighth embodiment, and can be similarly applied to the apparatus aspects of the other embodiments described above.
- FIG. FIG. 32 is a block diagram showing a water treatment apparatus according to Embodiment 29 of the present invention.
- the point that the water inlet 4 is inclined toward the high electric field region 63c so that the water to be treated flows toward the high electric field region 63c is different from the twenty-eighth embodiment. Different.
- a high electric field region 63c formed so that a plurality of needle-like electrodes protrude adjacent to each other is provided on the surface of the end portion of the first integrated electrode 63a.
- a perforated plate-shaped bubble generating part 8 made of an insulating material is provided in the lower part of the integrated electrode 63, and the water injection port 4 is provided so as to be inclined so that the water to be treated flows toward the high electric field region 63c. It has been.
- an electric field is formed between the integrated electrodes 63 by applying a voltage from the pulse power supply 10 to the first integrated electrode 63a. Further, by supplying gas from the gas supply source 9 to the gas supply port 5, bubbles are introduced into the water to be treated from the hole at the tip of the nozzle of the bubble generation unit 8. Here, by flowing the water to be treated from the water injection port 4, a water flow toward the high electric field region 63c is generated in the treated water tank.
- the bubbles are induced in the water flow and come into contact with the high electric field region 63c of the first integrated electrode 63a, so that a high electric field is formed in the bubbles and preliminary discharge occurs in the bubbles.
- a high electric field is formed in the bubbles and preliminary discharge occurs in the bubbles.
- charged particles that are initial electrons of discharge are generated, so that the bubble discharge is stably maintained in the main discharge region.
- Embodiment 29 of the present invention in addition to the advantages of Embodiment 28 above, it is sufficient that bubbles are generated in the bubble generation unit 8 by inducing bubbles with a water flow and bringing them into contact with a high electric field region. Since the degree of freedom of the structure of the bubble generation unit 8 is increased, bubbles can be generated with a simple configuration such as using a mesh plate or an air stone.
- Embodiment 29 of the present invention an example is shown in which bubbles are induced by the water flow generated from the water injection port 4.
- the water flow may be formed by providing a screw inside the apparatus, or a method of forming a water flow. Is not limited to the example described above.
- FIG. FIG. 33 is a block diagram showing a water treatment apparatus according to Embodiment 30 of the present invention.
- the interelectrode distance of the preliminary electrode 62 is relatively large, and the application necessary to form a bubble discharge start electric field between the second power source 11 and the preliminary electrode 62 is applied. It differs from the other embodiments in that a preliminary discharge is formed in the bubbles by applying an excessive voltage to the voltage.
- the spare electrode 62 is formed in a pair of flat plate shapes, and the interval between the spare electrodes 62 is compared with the spare electrode shown in the other embodiments. Is set large.
- the spare electrode 62 is connected to the second power source 11 that can output a pulse high voltage, and at least 1 with respect to the applied voltage necessary to form a bubble discharge start electric field between the second power source 11 and the spare electrode 62. By applying an excessive voltage of 5 times or more, a preliminary discharge can be formed with bubbles.
- the spare electrode 62 even when the gap is wide, it is possible to perform preliminary discharge of bubbles by a high electric field, and it is possible to perform preliminary discharge of a large amount of bubbles in a wide area in the water to be treated. Thereby, since it can discharge with a larger amount of bubbles in to-be-processed water, the efficiency of water treatment can be improved.
- FIG. FIG. 34 is a block diagram showing a water treatment device according to Embodiment 31 of the present invention.
- a two-channel output power source 19 having two channels of high-voltage output terminals and outputting different waveforms at different timings from the respective output terminals is provided, and a main electrode 61 and a spare electrode 62 are provided.
- the main discharge and the preliminary discharge are performed so that a high voltage is not applied simultaneously.
- Embodiment 31 of the present invention includes a spare electrode 62 and a main electrode 61.
- Each of the spare electrode 62 and the main electrode 61 has a two-channel high voltage output terminal, and Are connected to a two-channel output power source 19 that outputs different waveforms at different timings.
- the lower part of the apparatus is provided with a bubble generating unit 8 that generates bubbles in the water to be treated.
- Bubbles are generated in the water to be treated by introducing gas into the bubble generation unit 8.
- the generated bubbles travel upward according to buoyancy.
- a pulse high voltage from the two-channel output power supply 19 between the main electrodes 61 and between the spare electrodes 62 an electric field is formed in the main discharge region and the preliminary discharge region between the respective electrodes.
- the voltage is not applied simultaneously from the two-channel output power source 19 to the main electrode 61 and the spare electrode 62, and the voltage is always applied to the respective electrodes while shifting the time.
- the main discharge and the preliminary discharge are formed by independent voltage application, it is possible to form a discharge without being affected by a voltage drop due to each discharge.
- the main discharge and the preliminary discharge are formed by independent voltage application, and thus are affected by the voltage drop due to each discharge. And can be discharged stably.
- the method for discharging between the main electrodes 61 and between the spare electrodes 62 in the thirty-first embodiment of the present invention has been described using the apparatus aspect shown in FIG. 34, but the application target of this processing method is that of the thirty-first embodiment.
- the present invention is not limited to the device mode, and can be similarly applied to the device modes of the other embodiments described above.
- FIG. FIG. 35 is a block diagram showing a water treatment apparatus according to Embodiment 32 of the present invention.
- the water treatment apparatus includes a treated water tank 1 through which water to be treated flows and a plurality of discharge electrodes 63a and 63b (integrated electrode 63, first integrated electrode) provided inside the treated water tank 1. 63a, the second integrated electrode 63b), the bubble generating part 8 provided in the lower part of the treated water tank 1, the bubble flattening part 40 for flattening the bubbles, and the gas supply source 9 for sending gas into the treated water tank 1.
- the pulse power source 10 connected to each of the discharge electrodes 63a and 63b.
- the treated water tank 1 illustrated in FIG. 35 a container having a rectangular cross section is used, and the treated water tank 1 can store a certain amount of treated water.
- the treated water tank 1 has a water inlet 4 for injecting treated water into the treated water tank 1, a drain port 2 for discharging treated water treated in the treated water tank 1, a gas supply source 9, and a treatment.
- a gas supply port 5 connecting the water tank 1 and a gas exhaust port 3 for discharging the gas sent from the bubble generating unit 8 into the water to be treated are provided.
- the treated water tank 1 having such a configuration is a container capable of treating the treated water injected from the water injection port 4 while storing a certain amount and discharging the treated treated water from the drain port 2.
- the drain port 2 and the gas exhaust port 3 are provided in the upper part of the treated water tank 1, and the water injection port 4 and the gas supply port 5 are provided in the lower part of the treated water tank 1.
- the gas exhaust port 3 is provided above the drain port 2.
- the water injection port 4 is provided below the drain port 2.
- the gas supply port 5 is provided below the water injection port 4.
- a plurality (three in this example) of discharge electrodes 63a and 63b are disposed in the water to be treated in the treated water tank 1. Moreover, each discharge electrode 63a, 63b is arrange
- the discharge electrodes 63a and 63b are formed in a flat plate shape having a rectangular cross section, and are disposed to face each other in the width direction of the treated water tank 1.
- a metal material such as stainless steel, aluminum and copper is used.
- the one disposed in the central portion of the treated water tank 1 is referred to as a first discharge electrode 63a, and a pair is disposed opposite to each other via the first discharge electrode 63a.
- the second discharge electrode 63 b is provided on the wall surface of the treated water tank 1.
- the distance between the first discharge electrode 63a and the second discharge electrode 63b forming the discharge region is preferably set in the range of 2 mm to 50 mm. This is because when the interval is shorter than this range, a large current discharge is formed by partially bridging the bubbles between the discharge electrodes, so that the discharge becomes unstable and the flow rate of the water to be treated is also low. This is because the processing efficiency is likely to decrease. Further, when the interval is longer than this range, for example, when the interval is 50 mm, even if a voltage of 100 kV is applied, the bubble is applied even if a voltage of 100 kV is applied from the equation (6) showing the electric field E applied to oxygen bubbles existing between flat plate electrodes described later. This is because the internal discharge becomes impossible and it is not realistic considering the processing efficiency.
- a dielectric may be coated on the discharge surface where the first discharge electrode 63a and the second discharge electrode 63b are opposed to each other. Thereby, it can suppress that to-be-processed water is contaminated by the metal component precipitation of the electrode by ion etching or electrolysis when bubble discharge arises in the electrode surface vicinity.
- the dielectric material for example, alumina ceramics and glass are used.
- the thickness of the dielectric is preferably in the range of 10 ⁇ m to 5000 ⁇ m. This is because the dielectric strength may be insufficient if the dielectric film is thin. In addition, if the dielectric film is thick, it is necessary to apply a large voltage during discharge.
- a dielectric coating method for example, a method of spraying on the surface of a metal body can be considered.
- the bubble generating unit 8 includes a gas storage unit 81 that temporarily stores the gas sent from the gas supply source 9 in the treatment water tank 1 and a plurality of bubble discharge nozzles 82 that send the gas in the gas storage unit 81 into the water to be treated. And have.
- the bubble generation unit 8 is disposed below the discharge electrodes 63a and 63b so that the generated bubbles rise in the discharge region by buoyancy.
- the bubble generating unit 8 is connected to a gas supply source 9 through a gas supply port 5.
- oxygen gas is used as the gas.
- the gas storage unit 81 has a boundary plate 810 that secures a space in which gas can be stored in the lower part of the treated water tank 1.
- the boundary plate 810 is a plate having a rectangular cross section, and is fitted so as to divide the inside of the treated water tank 1 vertically.
- the boundary plate 810 is provided at a position below the water injection port 4 of the treated water tank 1 and above the gas supply port 5, and is fitted so that the water to be treated does not enter the gas storage unit 81.
- the boundary plate 810 has a plurality of gas holes (two in this example) for attaching the bubble discharge nozzle 82 to the boundary plate 810.
- the bubble discharge nozzle 82 is provided in each gas hole and protrudes from the boundary plate 810 toward one of the discharge electrodes 63a and 63b.
- the bubble discharge nozzle 82 is made of an insulator.
- a bubble hole 820 is provided at the tip of the bubble discharge nozzle 82 to discharge the gas flowing from the gas storage portion 81 to the bubble discharge nozzle 82 as bubbles in the water to be treated.
- the bubble discharge nozzle 82 is attached to each gas hole in a state where the space between the bubble hole 820 and the discharge electrodes 63a and 63b is close. In this example, all of the bubble discharge nozzles 82 are in a state of being close to the first discharge electrode 63a.
- FIG. 36 (a) is a schematic diagram showing a state in which bubbles are released from the bubble hole 820 so as to be in direct contact with the discharge electrodes 63a and 63b.
- FIG. 36B is a schematic diagram showing a state in which bubbles are released from the bubble hole 820 at a distance L from the discharge electrodes 63a and 63b.
- FIGS. 36A and 36B show a state in which bubbles are in contact with or approaching the first discharge electrode 63a.
- the gap between the bubble hole 820 and the first discharge electrode 63a is such that the generated bubbles can be in direct contact with the first discharge electrode 63a without passing through the liquid phase.
- the distance L between the generated bubble and the first discharge electrode 63a is set to be 1 mm or less. In order to secure this interval, the interval between the bubble hole 820 and the first discharge electrode 63a is set to be in a narrow and close state.
- the bubble flattening portion 40 is formed by forming the shape of the bubble generated from the bubble hole 820 with a short diameter corresponding to a short diameter of the bubble and a long diameter corresponding to a long diameter of the bubble longer than the short diameter, as shown in FIG. It is flattened into a substantially elliptical shape as shown in 36 (b).
- the bubble flattening unit 40 according to the thirty-second embodiment of the present invention points to the bubble generating unit 8 having the bubble hole 820 and the first discharge electrode 63a, and the bubbles are completely discharged from the bubble hole 820 into the water to be treated. Before, the bubbles are flattened by being brought into contact with the first discharge electrode 63a.
- the bubble is flattened by being sandwiched between the bubble hole 820 and the first discharge electrode 63a.
- the interval between the bubble hole 820 and the first discharge electrode 63a is set to be shorter than the short diameter.
- the gas supply source 9 is connected to the gas supply port 5 of the treated water tank 1.
- the gas supplied from the gas supply source 9 is sent to the gas storage unit 81 through the gas supply port 5.
- Examples of the gas supply source 9 include an example in which a mass flow controller is connected to a gas cylinder, and an amount of gas necessary for treating the water to be treated is supplied to the gas storage unit 81 at a set flow rate.
- the pulse power supply 10 preferably outputs a voltage waveform with a fast waveform rise and a short voltage application time.
- the pulse power source 10 for example, one that outputs a pulse voltage is used. This is to mitigate energy loss due to the effects of Joule loss due to underwater discharge.
- High-purity water such as ion-exchanged water has a low electrical conductivity of 1 ⁇ S / cm or less and high insulation, but the water to be treated has high conductivity because it contains many impurities. For this reason, when a voltage is applied from the pulse power supply 10 between the discharge electrodes 63a and 63b, there is Joule loss that is mostly consumed as thermal energy due to the energization of water.
- the frequency is preferably used in the range of 10 Hz to 1 MHz. This is because, when the shape of the output pulse waveform is constant, if the frequency is lower than 10 Hz, it is necessary to apply a large voltage to input the set power. Further, if the frequency is higher than 1 MHz, a large amount of power is consumed.
- the output voltage is preferably used in the range of 1 kV to 200 kV. This is because when the output voltage is smaller than 1 kV, no discharge occurs in the bubbles. Further, when the output voltage is higher than 200 kV, the introduction cost of the power supply becomes high.
- to-be-treated water is inject
- a voltage is applied between the discharge electrodes 63a and 63b from the pulse power supply 10 to form a discharge region between the discharge electrodes 63a and 63b (discharge region forming step).
- the state in which the water to be treated does not enter the gas storage part 81 from the bubble discharge nozzle 82 (that is, the liquid level of the water to be treated injected into the treatment water tank 1 in the height direction of the treatment water tank 1 is the bubble hole 820.
- Gas is supplied from the gas supply source 9 to the gas storage unit 81 in a state where bubbles can be generated from the bubble holes 820 (bubble generation step).
- the bubbles released from the bubble hole 820 are sandwiched between the first discharge electrode 63a and the bubble hole 820 constituting the bubble flattening portion 40 before being completely released from the bubble hole 820, and the first discharge is performed. While touching the electrode 63a, it is elongated and flattened along the first discharge electrode 63a (bubble flattening step). The flattened bubbles are discharged into the discharge area. At this time, an electric field is applied from the first discharge electrode 63a to the flattened bubble, and discharge is performed in the bubble. This is called preliminary discharge (preliminary discharge step).
- Precharged discharge generates charged particles such as ions and electrons in the bubbles. That is, this preliminary discharge is a charge that causes a discharge in a bubble by applying an extremely high electric field to a bubble in water compared to a discharge start electric field in the air, and becomes a discharge seed in the bubble. It refers to the discharge that plays the role of generating particles.
- the discharge by the first discharge electrode 63a is continuously performed on the bubbles, so that the discharge generated in the preliminary discharge is continuously held in the discharge region.
- OH radicals are generated in the water to be treated by the discharge in the bubbles held by the main discharge (OH radical generation step). That is, the main discharge refers to discharge that plays a role of generating OH radicals with high efficiency by continuously discharging bubbles containing charged particles in the discharge region by preliminary discharge.
- the treated water is treated with the OH radicals generated in the OH radical generation step (treated water treatment step).
- the treated water to be treated is discharged from the drain port 2 to the outside of the treated water tank 1 (treated treated water discharge step). Further, the bubbles rising in the water to be treated due to buoyancy are finally discharged out of the treated water tank 1 from the gas exhaust port 3. By performing these set decomposition times, the treatment of all the water to be treated is completed.
- OH radicals are also generated by collision between electrons and water molecules due to discharge, as shown in the above formula (3).
- OH radicals are generated in the water to be treated by the reactions according to the above formulas (2) and (3). Further, when the reaction of OH radicals further proceeds, ozone, hydrogen peroxide, and the like are also generated, and these also contribute directly or indirectly to the treatment of the water to be treated.
- the substance thus produced means that the higher the oxidation-reduction potential, the higher the oxidation activity and the higher the effect on the treatment water.
- the redox potential which is an index of the oxidizing power of each substance, is as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 2 shows that OH radicals have a higher redox potential than O radicals and the like, and are highly effective in treating water to be treated.
- E 0 is an equal electric field between flat plate electrodes
- ⁇ 1 is a relative dielectric constant of water
- ⁇ 2 is a relative dielectric constant of oxygen bubbles. Is represented by the following equation (6).
- FIG. 36 (c) is an explanatory diagram relating to bubbles present between the flat plate electrodes in water.
- ⁇ 2 of the bubbles it is expressed by the following equations (7) and (8). Note that a indicates a short radius when the shape of the bubble is substantially elliptical, and b indicates a long radius when the shape of the bubble is substantially elliptical.
- FIG. 37 is a graph showing the relationship between the electric field increase rate E / E 0 and the flat rate m due to bubble flattening. As shown in FIG. 37, the relationship between the electric field increase rate E / E 0 due to the flattening of the bubble and the flattening rate m indicates that the larger the flattening rate m is, the more the bubbles are in the direction perpendicular to the electric field between the electrodes The electric field E applied to the bubble increases as the length elongates.
- the graph showing the relationship between the bubble diameter of oxygen in water and the discharge starting electric field derived from Paschen's law is as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 in the relationship between the bubble diameter of oxygen in water derived from Paschen's law and the electric discharge start electric field, the smaller the bubble diameter (the smaller a in FIG. 36C), the more necessary for the preliminary discharge. It is shown that the applied electric field increases. Therefore, from these results of FIG. 37 and FIG. 3, by flattening the bubbles so that the flatness ratio m becomes large, a high electric field can be applied to the bubbles, while the bubble diameter a is set to increase the flatness ratio m. It can be seen that the smaller the value is, the more the electric discharge start electric field of the bubbles increases.
- FIG. 38 is a graph showing the relationship between the electric field applied to the bubbles at a bubble diameter of 1 mm and the flatness.
- FIG. 39 is a graph showing the relationship between the electric field applied to the bubble at a bubble diameter of 0.1 mm and the flatness.
- FIG. 40 is a graph showing the relationship between the electric field applied to a bubble having a bubble diameter of 0.01 mm and the flatness ratio.
- the electric field E can be applied to the bubble as an electric field that can be obtained by flattening the bubble between the electrodes under the condition that the flatness ratio m is large, and an increase amount larger than the increase amount of the discharge start electric field of the bubble.
- the contact area at the gas-liquid interface may be increased. is important. Therefore, from the viewpoint of increasing the contact area at the gas-liquid interface, it is desirable that the bubble diameter is small and a large amount of bubbles are sent into the water to be treated.
- the bubbles are flattened so that the flatness ratio m is 1.5 or more between the electrodes (that is, the short radius a is reduced with respect to the long radius b).
- the contact area at the gas-liquid interface is increased.
- the bubbles released from the bubble hole 820 are sandwiched between the bubble hole 820 and the first discharge electrode 63a and flattened, and enter the discharge region.
- Preliminary discharge in which an extremely high electric field is applied to the bubbles in comparison with the discharge start electric field in the air can be performed.
- the discharge in the bubbles can be maintained continuously. As a result, OH radicals can be generated throughout the discharge region. Therefore, since more treatment water can be treated, the capacity of the treated water tank 1 can be increased, and the treatment efficiency can be improved.
- the water treatment apparatus has a plurality of discharge electrodes and a bubble generation unit adjacent to the discharge electrodes.
- the water treatment method includes a bubble flattening step for flattening the bubbles released from the bubble hole 820 along the first discharge electrode 63a, and a preliminary discharge step for generating a preliminary discharge in the flattened bubbles. ing.
- a high electric field is applied in the flattened bubble.
- the bubble discharge nozzle 82 is made of an insulator.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- you may be comprised with the metal material which has electroconductivity, such as stainless steel, iron, and copper.
- Embodiment 33 FIG. In the previous embodiment 32, the second discharge electrode 63b is disposed on the wall surface of the treated water tank 1 so as to be opposed to each other via the first discharge electrode 63a disposed in the center of the treated water tank 1. explained.
- the wall of the treatment water tank 1 facing each other via the first discharge electrode 63a disposed in the central portion in the treatment water tank 1 is defined as the second discharge electrode 63b. The case will be described.
- FIG. 41 is a configuration diagram showing the arrangement of the discharge electrodes 63a and 63b of the water treatment apparatus according to Embodiment 33 of the present invention.
- the container of the cross-sectional rectangular shape which comprises the treated water tank 1 is formed with the material of discharge electrode 63a, 63b. That is, the second discharge electrode 63b is integrated with the treated water tank 1.
- a conductive material such as stainless steel, aluminum and copper is used.
- Other configurations are the same as those in the previous embodiment 32.
- a preliminary discharge in which a high electric field is applied to the bubbles is performed, and charged particles are included by the preliminary discharge.
- the bubbles can be continuously discharged in the discharge region to generate OH radicals.
- the discharge region can be made wider than in the previous embodiment 32. Thereby, a larger amount of water to be treated can be treated.
- Embodiment 34 FIG. In the previous thirty-third embodiment, when the wall of the treated water tank 1 itself is the second discharge electrode 63b, the case where the shape of the treated water tank 1 is a container having a rectangular cross section has been described. However, the shape of the treated water tank 1 is not limited to a rectangular cross-section, and other cross-sectional shapes will be described in Embodiment 34 of the present invention.
- FIG. 42 is a configuration diagram showing the arrangement of the discharge electrodes 63a and 63b of the water treatment apparatus according to Embodiment 34 of the present invention as viewed from above.
- the treated water tank 1 is a cylindrical container.
- the shape of the first discharge electrode 63a is a columnar shape (cylindrical shape) having a substantially circular cross section. Other configurations are the same as those of the previous embodiment 33.
- a preliminary discharge in which a high electric field is applied to the bubbles is performed, and charged particles are included by the preliminary discharge.
- the bubbles can be continuously discharged in the discharge region to generate OH radicals.
- the discharge region can be made wider than in the previous thirty-second embodiment. . Thereby, a larger amount of water to be treated can be treated.
- Embodiment 35 FIG. In the previous embodiments 32 to 34, the case where the bubble hole 820 is provided at the tip of the bubble discharge nozzle 82 has been described. On the other hand, in Embodiment 35 of the present invention, a case where the bubble hole 820 is provided in the cylindrical portion 810b obtained by deforming the boundary plate 810 will be described.
- FIG. 43 is a block diagram showing a water treatment apparatus according to Embodiment 35 of the present invention.
- the boundary plate 810 has a rectangular plate portion 810a similar to that of the previous embodiment 32, and a portion facing the first discharge electrode 63a approaches the first discharge electrode 63a.
- the cylinder part 810b which protruded from the board part 810a.
- the bubble hole 820 is configured as a hole formed in the surface of the cylinder part 810b where the cylinder part 810b and the first discharge electrode 63a face each other.
- the distance between the surface of the cylinder portion 810b provided with the bubble hole 820 and the first discharge electrode 63a is set to a close distance so as to be smaller than the bubble diameter. Therefore, the bubble flattening portion 40 of Embodiment 33 of the present invention also points to the bubble generating portion 8 having the bubble hole 820 and the first discharge electrode 63a, and the bubbles released from the bubble hole 820 into the water to be treated. Is flattened by being sandwiched between the bubble hole 820 and the first discharge electrode 63a. Other configurations are the same as those in the previous embodiment 32.
- Embodiment 36 FIG. In the previous embodiments 32 to 35, the case where both the preliminary discharge and the main discharge are performed in the same discharge region has been described. In contrast, in Embodiment 36 of the present invention, a case will be described in which a discharge region for performing preliminary discharge and a discharge region for performing main discharge are provided separately.
- FIG. 44 is a block diagram showing a water treatment apparatus according to Embodiment 36 of the present invention.
- the boundary plate 810 is used as the third discharge electrode 64a.
- third discharge electrode 64a serving as boundary plate 810 of the thirty-sixth embodiment of the present invention is formed of the material of discharge electrodes 63a and 63b.
- the third discharge electrode 64a has a plurality of holes (four in this example) that become the bubble holes 820.
- a fourth discharge electrode 64b is provided above the third discharge electrode 64a and below the first discharge electrode 63a and the second discharge electrode 63b. That is, the third discharge electrode 64a and the fourth discharge electrode 64b are disposed below the first discharge electrode 63a and the second discharge electrode 63b and at a distance from each other in the water to be treated.
- the shape of the fourth discharge electrode 64b is a cylindrical shape.
- the fourth discharge electrode 64b is disposed directly above the bubble hole 820 in a state where the longitudinal direction is directed along the width direction of the treated water tank 1 (left-right direction in FIG. 44). That is, in this example, a total of five discharge electrodes, that is, a first discharge electrode 63a, a pair of second discharge electrodes 63b, a third discharge electrode 64a, and a fourth discharge electrode 64b are provided.
- the bubbles released from the bubble holes 820 provided in the third discharge electrode 64a rise in the water to be treated by buoyancy, and are flattened in contact with the fourth discharge electrode. Therefore, the bubble flattening part 40 of Embodiment 36 of this invention has pointed out the 3rd discharge electrode 64a used as the bubble generation part 8, and the 4th discharge electrode 64b.
- the third discharge electrode 64 a and the fourth discharge electrode 64 b are connected to a second pulse power source (second power source) 11 provided separately from the pulse power source 10.
- second pulse power source second power source
- a preliminary discharge region is formed between the third discharge electrode 64a and the fourth discharge electrode 64b. Due to the arrangement of the first discharge electrode 63a, the pair of second discharge electrodes 63b, the third discharge electrode 64a, and the fourth discharge electrode 64b, the discharge region and the preliminary discharge region are formed at different locations in the water to be treated. . Other configurations are the same as those in the previous embodiment 32.
- the pulse power supply 10 applies a voltage to the discharge electrodes 63a and 63b to form a discharge region between the discharge electrodes 63a and 63b.
- the second pulse power supply 11 applies a voltage to the discharge electrodes 64a and 64b to form a preliminary discharge region in the discharge electrodes 64a and 64b (discharge region forming step).
- the bubble generation step is performed at the same timing as the treated water injection step.
- the bubbles released from the bubble hole 820 enter the preliminary discharge region while being in contact with the third discharge electrode 64a, are lifted by buoyancy, and are in contact with the fourth discharge electrode 64b to reach the fourth discharge electrode 64b. It is flattened along the longitudinal direction (bubble flattening step). Thereby, preliminary discharge occurs in the bubbles (preliminary discharge step). Thereafter, the bubbles that have been flattened and have undergone preliminary discharge rise along the cylinder of the fourth discharge electrode 64b and enter the discharge region.
- the subsequent OH radical generation step, treated water treatment step, and treated treated water discharge step are the same as in the previous embodiment 32.
- a preliminary discharge in which a high electric field is applied to the bubbles is performed, and the bubbles containing charged particles by the preliminary discharge are: OH radicals can be generated by continuous discharge in the discharge region.
- OH radicals can be generated by continuous discharge in the discharge region.
- the discharge electrodes for forming the discharge region and the preliminary discharge region are separately provided, the application of the voltage for the preliminary discharge and the main discharge can be controlled under optimum conditions. Thereby, it can lead to reduction of power consumption.
- the bubble hole is configured to be opened in the third discharge electrode serving as the boundary plate, a larger amount of bubbles can be discharged at a time than in the previous 32-32 embodiments. As a result, processing in a wider range is possible, and processing efficiency can be improved.
- the shape of the third discharge electrode 64a is a cylindrical shape.
- the shape is not limited to this, and any shape can be used as long as bubbles can rise to the discharge region by buoyancy without stagnation.
- Embodiment 37 FIG. In the previous embodiments 32 to 36, the case where the gas supply port 5 is provided below the water injection port 4 has been described. On the other hand, in Embodiment 37 of this invention, the structure which acquires the same effect when the gas supply port 5 is provided above the water injection port 4 is demonstrated.
- FIG. 45 is a block diagram showing a water treatment apparatus according to Embodiment 37 of the present invention.
- at least one gas supply port 5 is provided above the water injection port 4 for the water to be treated.
- the gas supply ports 5 are provided at both ends in the width direction of the treated water tank 1.
- the gas supply port 5 is provided in the position which can discharge
- the gas supply port 5 is provided from the treated water tank 1 through the lower part of the second discharge electrode 63b.
- the flow rate of the gas supplied from the gas supply source 9 to the gas supply port 5 is increased as compared with the thirty-second to thirty-sixth embodiments.
- the gas flow rate is increased, the ejection speed of the bubbles emitted from the gas supply port 5 is increased, so that the bubbles are greatly affected by the viscous resistance of the water to be treated.
- a resistance force that opposes the direction in which the bubbles travel is generated, so that the bubbles are elongated and flattened in the direction perpendicular to the direction in which the bubbles are ejected.
- the flow rate of water to be treated injected from the water injection port 4 is increased as compared with the thirty-second to thirty-sixth embodiments.
- circulates the inside of the treated water tank 1 becomes quick.
- the bubbles released into the water to be treated are elongated and flattened along the direction of the water to be treated (the height direction of the water treatment apparatus). . Therefore, the bubble flattening part 40 of Embodiment 37 of this invention has pointed out the gas supply port 5, the gas supply source 9, and the gas supply port 5 and the water injection port 4.
- FIG. Other configurations are the same as those in the previous embodiment 32.
- the bubbles are discharged directly from the gas supply port into the treated water tank without providing the bubble holes separately, it is not necessary to provide a member such as a boundary plate and a bubble discharge nozzle, and the cost can be further reduced.
- oxygen gas is used as the gas supplied from the gas supply source 9, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- nitrogen, air, water vapor, argon, helium, or a mixed gas thereof can be used.
- a mixed gas in which oxygen or water vapor is mixed with an inert gas of nitrogen can be used, the lifetime of OH radicals can be extended, and the decomposition effect by OH radicals can be improved.
- the treated water is treated while being stored in the treated water tank 1 and the treated water is discharged to the outside of the treated water tank 1.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- disassembly time required for a process may be sufficient. This can be realized, for example, using a liquid mass float controller or a pump.
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Abstract
Description
また、この発明に係る水処理方法によれば、処理水槽内に発生した気泡が水中の予備放電領域を通過する際に、気泡で放電を形成することにより、気泡を励起状態にするステップと、励起状態になった気泡が水中の主放電領域を通過する際に、気泡で放電を形成することにより、ラジカルを発生させるステップとを有している。
そのため、大容量の処理水槽にも対応し、かつ処理水槽内の廃水の処理効率を向上させることができる。
図1は、この発明の実施の形態1に係る水処理装置を示す構成図である。図1において、この水処理装置の本体は、被処理水が貯水または通水される処理水槽1であり、処理水槽1の上部には、排水口2およびガス排気口3が設けられ、処理水槽1の下部には、注水口4およびガス供給口5が設けられている。
そのため、気中と同程度の電界印加で、多量の微細気泡を含んだ被処理水での大容積放電を実現することができるとともに、被処理水に対する高い効率を実現することができる水処理装置および水処理方法を得ることができる。
また、この発明の実施の形態1では、図4(a)に示されるように、第2主電極62bが処理水槽1と密着して配置された構成を示した。しかしながら、これに限定されず、図4(b)に示されるように、処理水槽1自体を接地電極(第2主電極61bまたは第2予備電極62b)とした構成であってもよい。この構成は、例えば、処理水槽1の材料に、ステンレス、アルミニウム、銅等の金属材料を用い、接地に接続することで実現することができる。
さらに、この発明の実施の形態1において、図4(c)に示されるように、処理水槽1自体を接地電極(第2主電極61bまたは第2予備電極62b)とした構成であって、かつ処理水槽1および第1主電極61aが同軸円筒状に配置される構成であってもよい。この構成は、例えば、処理水槽1を円筒形状、第1主電極61aを円柱形状で構成することで実現され、主放電領域または予備放電領域を比較的広くとることができる。
図5は、この発明の実施の形態4に係る水処理装置を示す構成図である。この発明の実施の形態4では、第1予備電極62aと第2予備電極62bとが、ともに針形状で構成されている点で、上記実施の形態1と異なる。
図6は、この発明の実施の形態5に係る水処理装置を示す構成図である。この発明の実施の形態5では、第1予備電極62aまたは第2予備電極62bの一方が針形状、他方が平板形状で構成されている点で、上記実施の形態1と異なる。
図7は、この発明の実施の形態6に係る水処理装置を示す構成図である。この発明の実施の形態6では、第1予備電極62aと第2予備電極62bとが、ともにワイヤ形状で構成されている点で、上記実施の形態1と異なる。図7(a)に示されるように、ワイヤは、紙面奥行き方向に延びて配置された構成となっている。
図8は、この発明の実施の形態7に係る水処理装置を示す構成図である。この発明の実施の形態7では、第1予備電極62aまたは第2予備電極62bの一方がワイヤ形状、他方が平板形状で構成されている点で、上記実施の形態1と異なる。図8(a)に示されるように、ワイヤは、紙面奥行き方向に延びて配置された構成となっている。
図9は、この発明の実施の形態8に係る水処理装置を示す構成図である。この発明の実施の形態8では、第1予備電極62aまたは第2予備電極62bの一方がワイヤ形状、他方が針形状で構成されている点で、上記実施の形態1と異なる。図9(a)に示されるように、ワイヤは、紙面奥行き方向に延びて配置された構成となっている。
図10は、この発明の実施の形態9に係る水処理装置を示す構成図である。この発明の実施の形態9では、第1予備電極62aと第2予備電極62bとが、ともに孔開き平板状の電極で構成されている点で、上記実施の形態1と異なる。
図11は、この発明の実施の形態10に係る水処理装置を示す構成図である。図11(a)、(b)において、この発明の実施の形態10では、気泡発生部8が絶縁体孔開き板で構成され、絶縁体孔開き板には、マトリクス状に配置された孔が設けられている。また、図11(b)に示されるように、第1予備電極62aおよび第2予備電極62bが、孔の各列の両側に一対ずつ配置されている点で、上記実施の形態1と異なる。
図12は、この発明の実施の形態11に係る水処理装置を示す構成図である。この発明の実施の形態11では、気泡発生部8と予備電極62との機能が一体化された、孔開き平板状の第2予備電極62bを備え、第1予備電極62aが平板形状で構成されている点が、上記実施の形態1と異なる。
図13は、この発明の実施の形態12に係る水処理装置を示す構成図である。この発明の実施の形態12では、気泡発生部8と予備電極62との機能が一体化された、孔開き平板状の第2予備電極62bを備え、第1予備電極62aも孔空き平板形状で構成されている点が、上記実施の形態1と異なる。
図14は、この発明の実施の形態13に係る水処理装置を示す構成図である。図11(a)、(b)において、この発明の実施の形態13では、気泡発生部8と予備電極62との機能が一体化された、孔開き平板状の第2予備電極62bを備え、第1予備電極62aがワイヤ形状で構成されている点が、上記実施の形態1と異なる。
図15は、この発明の実施の形態14に係る水処理装置を示す構成図である。この発明の実施の形態14では、気泡発生部8と予備電極62との機能が一体化された、孔開き平板状の第2予備電極62bを備え、第1予備電極62aが複数の針形状で構成されている点が、上記実施の形態1と異なる。
図16は、この発明の実施の形態15に係る水処理装置を示す構成図である。この発明の実施の形態15では、気泡発生部8と予備電極62との機能が一体化された、針ノズル状の第2予備電極62bを備え、第1予備電極62aが平板形状で構成されている点が、上記実施の形態1と異なる。
図17は、この発明の実施の形態16に係る水処理装置を示す構成図である。図14(a)、(b)において、この発明の実施の形態16では、気泡発生部8と予備電極62との機能が一体化された、針ノズル状の第2予備電極62bを備え、第1予備電極62aが孔開き平板形状で構成されている点が、上記実施の形態1と異なる。
図18は、この発明の実施の形態17に係る水処理装置を示す構成図である。この発明の実施の形態17では、気泡発生部8と予備電極62との機能が一体化された、針ノズル状の第2予備電極62bを備え、第1予備電極62aが針形状で構成されている点が、上記実施の形態1と異なる。
図19は、この発明の実施の形態18に係る水処理装置を示す構成図である。この発明の実施の形態18では、気泡発生部8と予備電極62との機能が一体化された、針ノズル状の第2予備電極62bを備え、第1予備電極62aがワイヤ形状で構成されている点が、上記実施の形態1と異なる。
図20は、この発明の実施の形態19に係る水処理装置を示す構成図である。この発明の実施の形態19では、主電極61と予備電極62とが一体となった統合電極63を備える点が、上記実施の形態1~18と異なる。
図21は、この発明の実施の形態20に係る水処理装置を示す構成図である。図21(a)において、この発明の実施の形態20では、統合電極63の一部が針領域を備える点が、上記実施の形態19と異なる。
図22は、この発明の実施の形態21に係る水処理装置を示す構成図である。この発明の実施の形態21では、主電極61と予備電極62と気泡発生部8とが一体となった統合電極63を備え、統合電極63の一部が孔開き板形状の領域を備える点が、上記実施の形態19と異なる。
図23は、この発明の実施の形態22に係る水処理装置を示す構成図である。この発明の実施の形態22では、主電極61と予備電極62と気泡発生部8とが一体となった統合電極63を備え、統合電極63の一部が針ノズルで構成される領域を備える点が、上記実施の形態21と異なる。
図24は、この発明の実施の形態23に係る水処理装置を示す構成図である。図24(a)において、この発明の実施の形態23では、主電極61または予備電極62が、多段で構成されている点が、上記実施の形態1~18と異なる。
図25は、この発明の実施の形態24に係る水処理装置を示す構成図である。この発明の実施の形態24では、予備放電領域の下部に清水供給口12を備えている点が、上記実施の形態1~18と異なる。
図26は、この発明の実施の形態25に係る水処理装置を示す構成図である。この発明の実施の形態25では、被処理水の注水口4と排水口2とが逆に接続されて、水の流水方向が逆になっている点が、上記実施の形態1~24と異なる。
図27は、この発明の実施の形態26に係る水処理装置を示す構成図である。この発明の実施の形態26では、予備放電領域にガス短絡相を形成し、予備放電する点が、上記実施の形態1~24と異なる。この発明の実施の形態26の説明のために、実施の形態17で示した装置構成と同態様の図27を用いて説明する。
図28は、この発明の実施の形態27に係る水処理装置を示す構成図である。この発明の実施の形態27では、放電制御部13とパルス気泡発生部14とを備えている点が、上記実施の形態1~24と異なる。この発明の実施の形態27の説明のために、実施の形態23で示した装置構成と同態様の図28を用いて説明する。
図29は、この発明の実施の形態28に係る水処理装置を示す構成図である。この発明の実施の形態28では、主電極61と予備電極62とが一体となった統合電極63を備え、統合電極63が一部に針形状で形成された高電界領域63cを有し、ノズル形状で形成された気泡発生部8が、気泡が噴出される孔を高電界領域63cに向けて設けられている点が、上記実施の形態1~24と異なる。
図32は、この発明の実施の形態29に係る水処理装置を示す構成図である。この発明の実施の形態29では、高電界領域63cに向けて被処理水が流れるように、注水口4が高電界領域63cへ向けて傾いて設けられている点が、上記実施の形態28と異なる。
図33は、この発明の実施の形態30に係る水処理装置を示す構成図である。この発明の実施の形態30では、予備電極62の電極間距離を比較的大きくとっており、第2電源11から予備電極62までの間に、気泡の放電開始電界を形成するのに必要な印加電圧に対して、過大な電圧を印加することにより、気泡内で予備放電を形成させる点が他の実施の形態と異なる。
図34は、この発明の実施の形態31に係る水処理装置を示す構成図である。この発明の実施の形態31では、2チャンネルの高電圧出力端子を有し、かつそれぞれの出力端子から別々のタイミングで異なる波形を出力する2チャンネル出力電源19を備え、主電極61と予備電極62とに同時に高電圧が印加されないように、主放電および予備放電を行う点が上記実施の形態と異なる。
図35は、この発明の実施の形態32に係る水処理装置を示す構成図である。図35に示されるように、水処理装置は、被処理水を通流させる処理水槽1と、処理水槽1の内部に設けられた複数の放電電極63a、63b(統合電極63、第1統合電極63a、第2統合電極63b)と、処理水槽1の下部に設けられた気泡発生部8と、気泡を扁平化する気泡扁平化部40と、処理水槽1内にガスを送るガス供給源9と、各放電電極63a、63bに接続されたパルス電源10とを有している。
先の実施の形態32では、第2放電電極63bが、処理水槽1内の中央部に配置された第1放電電極63aを介して互いに対向して処理水槽1の壁面に配置されている場合について説明した。これに対して、この発明の実施の形態33では、処理水槽1内の中央部に配置された第1放電電極63aを介して互いに対向する処理水槽1の壁自体を第2放電電極63bとする場合について説明する。
先の実施の形態33では、処理水槽1の壁自体を第2放電電極63bとする際に、処理水槽1の形状を断面矩形状の容器とする場合について説明した。しかしながら、処理水槽1の形状は、断面矩形状に限定されるものではなく、この発明の実施の形態34では、他の断面形状に関して説明する。
先の実施の形態32~34では、気泡穴820が、気泡放出ノズル82の先端部に設けられている場合について説明した。これに対して、この発明の実施の形態35では、気泡穴820が、境界板810を変形させた筒部810bに設けられている場合について説明する。
先の実施の形態32~35では、予備放電および主放電を共に同じ放電領域で行う場合について説明した。これに対して、この発明の実施の形態36では、予備放電を行うための放電領域と、主放電を行うための放電領域とを分けて設ける場合について説明する。
先の実施の形態32~36では、ガス供給口5が、注水口4よりも下方に設けられている場合について説明した。これに対して、この発明の実施の形態37では、ガス供給口5が、注水口4よりも上方に設けられている場合に、同様の効果を得る構成について説明する。
Claims (37)
- 処理水槽内の被処理水中に気泡を発生させ、前記気泡での放電により、前記被処理水を処理する水処理装置であって、
一対以上の主電極と、一対以上の予備電極と、外部から供給されるガスを用いて前記被処理水中に前記気泡を発生させる気泡発生部と、1つ以上の高電圧電源とを備え、
前記主電極間には、前記高電圧電源から高電圧を印加することで、前記気泡内に放電が生じる主放電領域が形成され、
前記予備電極間には、前記高電圧電源から高電圧を印加することで、前記気泡内に放電が生じる予備放電領域が形成され、
前記気泡発生部で発生した前記気泡が、前記予備放電領域を通過する際に前記気泡内で放電が形成された後、前記主放電領域を通過する際に再び前記気泡内で放電が形成される
水処理装置。 - 前記予備放電領域で気泡にかかる電界強度が、前記主放電領域で気泡にかかる電界強度よりも高い
請求項1に記載の水処理装置。 - 前記予備放電領域の電界強度が前記主放電領域の電界強度よりも高い
請求項1に記載の水処理装置。 - 前記主電極は、前記高電圧電源の1つである第1電源に接続された第1主電極および第2主電極を有し、
前記予備電極は、前記高電圧電源の1つである第2電源に接続された第1予備電極および第2予備電極を有する
請求項1から請求項3までの何れか1項に記載の水処理装置。 - 前記処理水槽と前記第1主電極とが、同軸円筒状に配置される
請求項4に記載の水処理装置。 - 前記第2主電極と前記処理水槽とが一体化された
請求項4または請求項5に記載の水処理装置。 - 前記第2主電極と前記第2予備電極とが一体化された統合電極を備える
請求項4から請求項6までの何れか1項に記載の水処理装置。 - 前記第1予備電極および前記第2予備電極の少なくとも一方が、針形状の領域を備える
請求項4に記載の水処理装置。 - 前記第1予備電極および前記第2予備電極の少なくとも一方と、前記気泡発生部とが一体化された
請求項4に記載の水処理装置。 - 前記第1予備電極および前記第2予備電極の少なくとも一方が、針ノズル形状の領域を備える
請求項4に記載の水処理装置。 - 前記第1予備電極および前記第2予備電極の少なくとも一方が、孔開き板形状の領域を備える
請求項4に記載の水処理装置。 - 前記第1予備電極および前記第2予備電極の少なくとも一方が、ワイヤ形状の領域を備える
請求項4に記載の水処理装置。 - 前記第1主電極、前記第2主電極、前記第1予備電極および前記第2予備電極のうちの少なくともひとつの表面が、誘電体で被覆されている
請求項4に記載の水処理装置。 - 前記主放電領域が、2段以上の多段で構成され、1つの前記予備放電領域と複数の前記主放電領域とで構成される
請求項4に記載の水処理装置。 - 前記主放電領域および前記予備放電領域が、合わせて4段以上の多段で構成され、前記主放電領域と前記予備放電領域とが、交互に配置される
請求項4に記載の水処理装置。 - 前記第1電源および前記第2電源を制御する放電制御部をさらに備え、
前記気泡発生部は、任意の周期で前記気泡を発生させるパルス気泡発生部であり、
前記放電制御部は、前記気泡が存在する放電領域にのみ高電圧が印加されるように前記第1電源および前記第2電源を制御する
請求項4に記載の水処理装置。 - 前記第1主電極および第2主電極、並びに前記第1予備電極および第2予備電極の少なくとも一方に、所定値以上の曲率を有する形状で構成された高電界領域が設けられ、
前記気泡発生部は、ノズル形状で形成され、気泡が噴出される孔が、前記高電界領域に向けて設けられている
請求項4に記載の水処理装置。 - 前記第1主電極および第2主電極、並びに前記第1予備電極および第2予備電極の少なくとも一方に、所定値以上の曲率を有する形状で構成された高電界領域が設けられ、
前記高電界領域に向けて前記被処理水が流れるように形成された注水口をさらに備えた
請求項4に記載の水処理装置。 - 処理水槽内の被処理水中に気泡を発生させ、前記気泡での気泡放電により発生したラジカルにより、前記被処理水を処理する水処理装置における水処理方法であって、
前記処理水槽内に前記気泡を発生させるステップと、
発生した前記気泡が水中の予備放電領域を通過する際に、前記気泡で放電を形成することにより、前記気泡を励起状態にするステップと、
励起状態になった前記気泡が水中の主放電領域を通過する際に、前記気泡で放電を形成することにより、前記ラジカルを発生させるステップと、
を有する水処理方法。 - 前記予備放電領域に一定の流量の清水を供給することにより、前記予備放電領域における前記気泡での気泡放電を、前記被処理水よりも導電率の低い水中で形成する
請求項19に記載の水処理方法。 - 浮力による前記気泡の進行方向と対向して前記被処理水を流水させる
請求項19に記載の水処理方法。 - 水中の予備電極間でガス短絡相を形成し、前記ガス短絡相で、前記予備放電領域における前記気泡での気泡放電を形成させる
請求項19に記載の水処理方法。 - 前記水処理装置は、任意の周期で気泡を発生させるパルス気泡発生部と、第1電源および第2電源を制御する放電制御部とを備え、
前記気泡が存在する放電領域にのみ高電圧が印加されるように電源を制御するステップをさらに備える
請求項19に記載の水処理方法。 - 前記気泡を、主電極および予備電極の少なくとも一方に設けられた高電界領域に向けて誘導するステップをさらに備えた
請求項19に記載の水処理方法。 - 予備電極および主電極への高電圧電源の出力を交互に切り替えることで、前記予備電極および前記主電極への電圧印加を同時にしない
請求項19に記載の水処理方法。 - 前記予備放電領域を脱出した前記気泡が、前記主放電領域に導入されるまでの時間間隔が、0.1秒以下である
請求項19に記載の水処理方法。 - 前記被処理水中に互いに距離を置いて配置され、パルス電源から電圧が印加されることにより前記被処理水中に放電領域を形成する複数の放電電極と、
ガス供給源から供給されるガスを気泡として前記被処理水中に発生させる気泡穴を有し、前記気泡穴を介して発生させた前記気泡が前記放電領域内を浮力により上昇するように、前記処理水槽の下部に設けられた気泡発生部と、
前記気泡発生部から発生された前記気泡の形状を、短径と、前記短径よりも長い長径とで形成される略楕円形に扁平化する気泡扁平化部と、を備え、
前記気泡扁平化部により扁平化された前記気泡を、前記放電領域内に放出することで前記気泡内に荷電粒子を発生させる予備放電を生じさせ、前記予備放電が生じた後の気泡が浮力により上昇することで前記放電領域内に入り、前記放電領域内で前記予備放電による放電が持続的に保持されることによって、前記被処理水中にOHラジカルを発生させる
請求項1から請求項3までの何れか1項に記載の水処理装置。 - 前記気泡扁平化部は、前記気泡穴から気泡が完全に前記被処理水中に放出される前に、前記複数の放電電極の何れかに接触させることで前記気泡を扁平化させるように、前記気泡発生部と前記気泡を接触させる放電電極との間隔が、前記短径以下に設定される
請求項27に記載の水処理装置。 - 前記気泡扁平化部は、前記気泡が前記被処理水中を上昇する際の前記被処理水の粘性抵抗を用いて、前記気泡を扁平化させる
請求項27に記載の水処理装置。 - 前記気泡扁平化部は、前記気泡が前記被処理水中を上昇する際の前記被処理水の流速に対する前記気泡の慣性力を用いて、前記気泡を扁平化させる
請求項27に記載の水処理装置。 - 前記複数の放電電極は、前記パルス電源から電圧が印加されることにより前記被処理水中に前記放電領域を形成する第1放電電極と第2放電電極とを有し、
前記第1放電電極は、前記処理水槽の中央部に配置され、
前記第2放電電極は、前記第1放電電極を介して互いに対向して前記処理水槽内の壁面に一対設けられている
請求項27から請求項30までの何れか1項に記載の水処理装置。 - 前記複数の放電電極は、前記パルス電源から電圧が印加されることにより前記被処理水中に前記放電領域を形成する第1放電電極と第2放電電極とを有し、
前記第1放電電極は、前記処理水槽の中央部に配置され、
前記第2放電電極は、前記処理水槽と一体化され、
前記処理水槽の形状は、円筒形とされ、
前記第1放電電極の形状は、円柱形とされている
請求項27から請求項30までの何れか1項に記載の水処理装置。 - 前記複数の放電電極は、前記パルス電源から電圧が印加されることにより前記被処理水中に前記放電領域を形成する第1放電電極と第2放電電極と、前記パルス電源とは別途設けられた第2パルス電源に接続され、前記第2パルス電源により電圧が印加されることにより前記被処理水中の前記放電領域とは別の位置に第2放電領域を形成する第3放電電極と第4放電電極とを有し、
前記第3放電電極と前記第4放電電極とは、前記第1放電電極および前記第2放電電極よりも下方で、かつ、前記被処理水中に互いに距離を置いて配置され、
前記気泡扁平化部により扁平化された前記気泡を前記第2放電領域に放出することで前記予備放電を生じさせる
請求項27から請求項30までの何れか1項に記載の水処理装置。 - 前記第3放電電極は、前記処理水槽の高さ方向について前記第4放電電極よりも下方に配置され、
下方に配置された前記第3放電電極は、前記気泡発生部となり、
前記気泡扁平化部は、前記気泡発生部から発生した前記気泡が、浮力により上昇することで上方に配置された前記第4放電電極に接触することで、前記気泡を扁平化させる
請求項33に記載の水処理装置。 - 前記複数の放電電極の何れかの表面には、誘電体が被覆されている
請求項27から請求項34までの何れか1項に記載の水処理装置。 - 請求項27に記載の水処理装置を用いた水処理方法であって、
前記気泡発生部により前記処理水槽内の前記被処理水中に前記気泡を発生させる気泡発生ステップと、
前記気泡発生ステップで発生した前記気泡を前記気泡偏平化部により扁平化する気泡扁平ステップと、
前記気泡扁平ステップで扁平化された前記気泡を前記放電領域内に放出し、前記気泡に対して前記複数の放電電極による放電を行うことで、前記気泡内に荷電粒子を発生させる予備放電を生じさせる予備放電ステップと、
前記予備放電ステップにより予備放電が生じた前記気泡が浮力により前記放電領域内を上昇する際に、前記気泡に対して前記複数の放電電極による放電を継続して行うことで、前記放電領域内で前記予備放電による放電が持続的に保持されることによって、前記被処理水中にOHラジカルを発生させるOHラジカル発生ステップと
を有する水処理方法。 - 酸素もしくは水蒸気、またはこれらの混合ガスによって、前記気泡での気泡放電を形成する
請求項19または請求項36に記載の水処理方法。
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