WO2014065059A1 - ディーゼルエンジンの排ガス浄化装置 - Google Patents

ディーゼルエンジンの排ガス浄化装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014065059A1
WO2014065059A1 PCT/JP2013/075711 JP2013075711W WO2014065059A1 WO 2014065059 A1 WO2014065059 A1 WO 2014065059A1 JP 2013075711 W JP2013075711 W JP 2013075711W WO 2014065059 A1 WO2014065059 A1 WO 2014065059A1
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Prior art keywords
exhaust gas
diesel engine
catalyst
gas purification
retainer
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PCT/JP2013/075711
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
功 大原
嘉久 植田
信之 平木
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いすゞ自動車株式会社
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Application filed by いすゞ自動車株式会社 filed Critical いすゞ自動車株式会社
Priority to EP13849524.7A priority Critical patent/EP2918808B1/en
Priority to US14/433,778 priority patent/US20150275734A1/en
Priority to CN201380052619.0A priority patent/CN104704215A/zh
Publication of WO2014065059A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014065059A1/ja

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2839—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration
    • F01N3/2842—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration specially adapted for monolithic supports, e.g. of honeycomb type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
    • B01D53/9431—Processes characterised by a specific device
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0814—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/206—Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2839—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration
    • F01N3/2878—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration by using non-elastic means for retaining catalyst body in the housing, e.g. a metal chamfer, or by corrugation or deformation of the metal housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/36—Arrangements for supply of additional fuel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
    • B01D2255/102—Platinum group metals
    • B01D2255/1021—Platinum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
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    • B01D2255/1023—Palladium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
    • B01D2255/102—Platinum group metals
    • B01D2255/1025—Rhodium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
    • B01D2255/206—Rare earth metals
    • B01D2255/2065—Cerium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
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    • B01D2255/20707—Titanium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
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    • B01D2255/20723—Vanadium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
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    • B01D2255/2073—Manganese
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
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    • B01D2255/20769—Molybdenum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01D2255/20776—Tungsten
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
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    • B01D2255/20784—Chromium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00—Catalysts
    • B01D2255/50—Zeolites
    • B01D2255/502—Beta zeolites
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/944—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or carbon making use of oxidation catalysts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9459—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts
    • B01D53/9477—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on separate bricks, e.g. exhaust systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/18—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes the axis of inlet or outlet tubes being other than the longitudinal axis of apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/03—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being hydrocarbons, e.g. engine fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1453—Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/105—General auxiliary catalysts, e.g. upstream or downstream of the main catalyst
    • F01N3/106—Auxiliary oxidation catalysts
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an exhaust gas purification apparatus for a diesel engine, and more specifically, an exhaust gas for a diesel engine capable of preventing the catalyst from being damaged due to the ingress of the reducing agent into the catalyst support member while improving the performance of the NOx reduction purification catalyst.
  • the present invention relates to a purification device.
  • Selective reduction catalysts SCR: Selective Catalytic Reduction
  • LNT Lean NOX
  • SCR Selective Catalytic Reduction
  • NOx storage reduction catalysts LNT: Lean NOX
  • the former exhaust gas purification apparatus using SCR purifies NOx by causing ammonia (NH 3 ) produced by hydrolysis of urea water injected into exhaust gas to act as a reducing agent in the presence of SCR. It is.
  • This SCR is composed of a molded body in which a slurry containing a zeolite catalyst such as iron ion exchange aluminosilicate is applied to a carrier such as a ceramic honeycomb.
  • the latter exhaust gas purification apparatus using LNT temporarily stores NOx in the exhaust gas in a NOx occlusion material (alkali metal or alkaline earth metal such as K or Ba) when in a lean state, and periodically in the exhaust gas.
  • a NOx occlusion material alkali metal or alkaline earth metal such as K or Ba
  • HC unburnt fuel
  • the LNT is composed of a molded body in which a NOx occlusion material formed of a noble metal catalyst such as platinum and an alkaline earth metal such as barium is supported on a catalyst carrier.
  • these NOx reduction purification catalysts are installed in a large-diameter spindle-shaped or cylindrical converter mounted in the middle of an exhaust pipe via a support member such as a heat-resistant sponge. Therefore, if urea water or HC that has not been decomposed and adheres to the inner surface of the exhaust pipe penetrates into the support member while gathering at the bottom of the exhaust pipe, it may solidify and expand as the temperature rises, damaging the catalyst.
  • a retainer is provided on the inner peripheral surface of the exhaust pipe on the upstream side of the converter. It has been proposed to dam the entry of HC into the converter.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an exhaust gas purifying apparatus for a diesel engine capable of preventing the catalyst from being damaged by the ingress of the reducing agent into the catalyst support member while improving the performance of the NOx reduction purifying catalyst.
  • the exhaust gas purifying apparatus for a diesel engine of the present invention that achieves the above object includes a reducing agent supply means disposed in order from the upstream side in the exhaust pipe of the diesel engine, and a NOx reduction purifying catalyst via a support member.
  • a reducing agent supply means disposed in order from the upstream side in the exhaust pipe of the diesel engine
  • a NOx reduction purifying catalyst via a support member.
  • a retainer made of a plate-like body is provided so as to extend in the circumferential direction. The upstream end face of the NOx reduction purification catalyst and the retainer are separated from each other.
  • urea water can be used as a reducing agent, and SCR can be used as a NOx reduction purification catalyst.
  • unburned fuel may be used as the reducing agent, and LNT may be used as the NOx reduction purification catalyst.
  • the upstream end face of the NOx reduction purification catalyst and the retainer are separated from each other. Since there is no influence, it is possible to prevent the catalyst support member from being damaged due to the ingress of the reducing agent without degrading the performance of the NOx reduction purification catalyst.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of an exhaust gas purification apparatus for a diesel engine according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view taken along line XX in FIG.
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a Y portion in FIG.
  • FIG. 1 shows an exhaust gas purification apparatus for a diesel engine according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • This exhaust gas purification system includes a cylindrical first converter 1 and a second converter 2 that are sequentially inserted in series from an upstream side into an exhaust pipe (not shown) of a diesel engine.
  • first converter 1 a first oxidation catalyst 3 (first DOC 3) and a filter with catalyst 4 (CSF 4) are arranged in series.
  • second converter 2 the SCR 5 and the second DOC 6 are arranged in series.
  • the first converter 1 and the second converter 2 are connected so as to be positioned in parallel with each other by a connecting pipe 8A on which the injection nozzle 7 is installed and a substantially U-shaped connecting pipe 8B.
  • the first DOC 3 in the first converter 1 is formed by supporting rhodium, cerium oxide, platinum, aluminum oxide or the like on a support such as a honeycomb structure.
  • CSF4 carries an oxidation catalyst made of a noble metal such as platinum, palladium or rhodium and a particulate matter (PM) oxidation catalyst made of cerium oxide or the like on the filter part of a ceramic honeycomb porous body. It is formed.
  • the SCR 5 in the second converter 2 is formed by supporting titania-vanadia, ⁇ -type zeolite, chromium oxide, manganese oxide, molybdenum oxide, titanium oxide, tungsten oxide or the like on a support such as a honeycomb structure.
  • the second DOC 6 has the same structure as the first DOC 3.
  • the SCR 5 and the second DOC 6 are supported from the inner peripheral surface of the second converter 2 via a support member 9 made of a heat-resistant sponge or the like.
  • this exhaust gas purification device is as follows.
  • hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) are decomposed and removed in the first DOC 3
  • PM is removed in the CSF 4
  • NOx Nitrogen monoxide (NO) occupying the majority is oxidized to produce nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ).
  • the exhaust gas G flowing out from the first converter 1 flows into the second converter 2 through the subsequent connecting pipe 8B accompanied by NH 3 produced by hydrolysis of the urea water injected from the injection nozzle 7 in the connecting pipe 8A.
  • NOx is purified by the reducing action of NH 3 in the SCR 5
  • it is released to the outside through a discharge pipe (not shown).
  • the 2DOC6 prevents NH 3 slip NH 3 which has not been reacted with NOx is released to the atmosphere.
  • the inner surface 10 of the straight portion 8 ⁇ / b> Ba of the connecting pipe 8 ⁇ / b> B connected to the upstream side of the second converter 2 is located away from the upstream end surface 5 a of the SCR 5.
  • a retainer 11 made of a plate-like body is erected so as to extend in the circumferential direction.
  • the retainer 11 is provided apart from the upstream end surface 5a of the SCR 5, even if the retainer 11 is enlarged, it does not affect the amount of exhaust gas flowing into the NOx reduction purification catalyst, and The urea water that has not been hydrolyzed by the retainer 11 can be blocked from entering the second converter 2. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the SCR 5 from being damaged due to the ingress of urea water without degrading the performance of the SCR 5.
  • the retainer 11 is erected over a half circumference (180 °) of the inner surface 10 of the connecting pipe 8B.
  • the range of the retainer 11 is not limited to this, and for example, the inner surface 10 May be erected on a part of the circumferential direction (less than 180 °), or may be erected over the entire circumference (360 °) of the inner surface 10 in order to completely prevent the intrusion of urea water.
  • the distance H between the end face 5a on the upstream side of the SCR 5 and the retainer 11 is not particularly limited because it varies depending on the inner diameter of the connecting pipe 8B, the size (height, range) of the retainer 11, etc., but the exhaust gas G generated by the retainer 11 is not limited. It is desirable that the flow turbulence be sufficiently large to recover normally at the inlet of the second converter 3.
  • LNT using HC as a reducing agent may be used instead of SCR using urea water as a reducing agent.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)

Abstract

ＮＯｘ還元浄化触媒の性能を向上させつつ、触媒の支持部材への還元剤の浸入による触媒の破損を防止することができるディーゼルエンジンの排ガス浄化装置を提供することを目的として、尿素水の噴射ノズル（７）とＳＣＲ（５）の上流側端面（５ａ）との間の連結管（８Ｂ）の内面（１０）に周方向へ延びるように立設されたリテーナ（１１）と、ＳＣＲ（５）の上流側端面（５ａ）とを離間させる。

Description

ディーゼルエンジンの排ガス浄化装置
　本発明はディーゼルエンジンの排ガス浄化装置に関し、更に詳しくは、ＮＯｘ還元浄化触媒の性能を向上させつつ、触媒の支持部材への還元剤の浸入による触媒の破損を防止することができるディーゼルエンジンの排ガス浄化装置に関する。
　ディーゼルエンジンの排ガス中に含まれる窒素酸化物（ＮＯｘ）の大気中への放出を低減することを目的として、選択還元型触媒（ＳＣＲ：Selective Catalytic Reduction）やＮＯｘ吸蔵還元型触媒（ＬＮＴ：Lean NOx Traps）などのＮＯｘ還元浄化触媒を用いた排ガス浄化装置が開発されている。
　前者のＳＣＲを用いた排ガス浄化装置は、排ガス中に噴射された尿素水が加水分解して生じたアンモニア（ＮＨ3）を、ＳＣＲの存在下で還元剤として作用させることでＮＯｘを浄化するものである。このＳＣＲは、鉄イオン交換アルミノシリケートなどのゼオライト触媒を含むスラリーを、セラミックハニカムなどの担体に塗布した成型体などから構成される。
　また、後者のＬＮＴを用いた排ガス浄化装置は、排ガス中のＮＯｘをリーン状態のときにＮＯｘ吸蔵材（ＫやＢａなどのアルカリ金属又はアルカリ土類金属）に一旦吸蔵させ、定期的に排ガス中に未燃燃料（ＨＣ）を供給してリッチ状態にすることで、吸蔵されたＮＯｘを放出させて三元機能により還元するものである。このＬＮＴは、触媒担体上に白金等の貴金属触媒とバリウム等のアルカリ土類金属等で形成されるＮＯｘ吸蔵材を担持した成型体などから構成される。
　一般的に、これらのＮＯｘ還元浄化触媒は、排気管の途中に装着された太径の紡錘形又は円筒形のコンバータ内に、耐熱スポンジなどの支持部材を介して設置されている。そのため、分解されずに排気管内面に付着した尿素水やＨＣが、排気管の底部に集まりながら支持部材に浸透すると、温度の上昇と共に固体化して膨張し、触媒を破損させるおそれがある。
　このような問題を解決するために、例えば日本出願の特開２０１１－２４１７３２号公報に記載されているように、コンバータの上流側の排気管の内周面にリテーナを設けることで、尿素水やＨＣのコンバータ内への浸入を堰き止めることが提案されている。
　上記の特許文献に係る発明では、排ガス浄化装置の性能向上のために還元剤の供給量を増加させると、リテーナのサイズ（高さや範囲）を大型化する必要がある。しかし、リテーナとＮＯｘ還元浄化触媒とが密着して配置されているため、リテーナを大型化するとＮＯｘ還元触媒の開口面積が減少して、浄化率の低下や圧力損失の増加を招いて、かえって排ガス浄化装置の性能が低下してしまうことになる。
日本出願の特開２０１１－２４１７３２号公報
　本発明の目的は、ＮＯｘ還元浄化触媒の性能を向上させつつ、触媒の支持部材への還元剤の浸入による触媒の破損を防止することができるディーゼルエンジンの排ガス浄化装置を提供することにある。
　上記の目的を達成する本発明のディーゼルエンジンの排ガス浄化装置は、ディーゼルエンジンの排気管に上流側から順に配置された還元剤の供給手段と、支持部材を介してＮＯｘ還元浄化触媒を内設するコンバータとを備えるとともに、前記供給手段と前記ＮＯｘ還元浄化触媒との間の前記排気管の内面に、板状体からなるリテーナを周方向へ延びるように立設したディーゼルエンジンの排ガス浄化装置において、前記ＮＯｘ還元浄化触媒の上流側の端面と前記リテーナとを離間させたことを特徴とするものである。
　上記のディーゼルエンジンの排ガス浄化装置においては、還元剤として尿素水を、ＮＯｘ還元浄化触媒としてＳＣＲを、それぞれ用いることができる。あるいは、還元剤として未燃燃料を、ＮＯｘ還元浄化触媒としてＬＮＴを、それぞれ用いるようにしてもよい。
　本発明のディーゼルエンジンの排ガス浄化装置によれば、ＮＯｘ還元浄化触媒の上流側の端面とリテーナとを離間させるようにしたので、リテーナを大型化してもＮＯｘ還元浄化触媒への排ガスの流入量に影響を及ぼすことがないため、ＮＯｘ還元浄化触媒の性能を低下させることなく、還元剤の浸入による触媒の支持部材の破損を防止することができる。
図１は、本発明の実施形態からなるディーゼルエンジンの排ガス浄化装置の構成を示す断面図である。 図２は、図１においてＸ－Ｘ矢視で示す一部断面図である。 図３は、図１におけるＹ部の拡大断面図である。
　以下に、本発明の実施の形態について、図面を参照して説明する。
　図１は、本発明の実施形態からなるディーゼルエンジンの排ガス浄化装置を示す。
　この排気ガス浄化システムは、ディーゼルエンジンの排気管（図示せず）に上流側から直列に順に介設された円筒形の第１コンバータ１及び第２コンバータ２を備えている。
　第１コンバータ１内には、第１酸化触媒３（第１ＤＯＣ３）と触媒付きフィルタ４（ＣＳＦ４）とが直列に配置されている。また、第２コンバータ２内には、ＳＣＲ５と第２ＤＯＣ６とが直列に配置されている。これらの第１コンバータ１及び第２コンバータ２は、噴射ノズル７が設置された連結管８Ａ及び略Ｕ字状の連結管８Ｂにより、互いに並行に位置するように接続されている。
　第１コンバータ１内の第１ＤＯＣ３は、ハニカム構造等の担持体に、ロジウム、酸化セリウム、白金や酸化アルミニウムなどを担持して形成される。また、ＣＳＦ４は、セラミックス製のハニカム状多孔体のフィルタ部に、白金、パラジウムやロジウムなどの貴金属からなる酸化触媒と、酸化セリウムなどからなる粒子状物質（ＰＭ）の酸化触媒とを担持して形成される。
　第２コンバータ２内のＳＣＲ５は、ハニカム構造等の担持体に、チタニア－バナジア、β型ゼオライト、酸化クロム、酸化マンガン、酸化モリブデン、酸化チタンや酸化タングステンなどを担持して形成される。また、第２ＤＯＣ６は、第１ＤＯＣ３と同じ構造を有している。これらのＳＣＲ５及び第２ＤＯＣ６は、耐熱スポンジなどからなる支持部材９を介して第２コンバータ２の内周面から支持されている。
　この排ガス浄化装置の機能は次のようになる。ディーゼルエンジンから排出された排ガスＧが第１コンバータ１へ流入すると、第１ＤＯＣ３において炭化水素（ＨＣ）及び一酸化炭素（ＣＯ）を分解除去されてから、ＣＳＦ４においてＰＭが除去されるとともに、ＮＯｘの大半を占める一酸化窒素（ＮＯ）が酸化されて二酸化窒素（ＮＯ2）が生成される。第１コンバータ１から流出した排ガスＧは、連結管８Ａにおいて噴射ノズル７から噴射された尿素水が加水分解して生成したＮＨ3を同伴して、後段の連結管８Ｂを通じて第２コンバータ２へ流入する。そして、ＳＣＲ５においてＮＨ3の還元作用によりＮＯｘが浄化されてから、排出管（図示せず）を通じて外部へ放出される。なお、第２ＤＯＣ６は、ＮＯｘと反応しきれなかったＮＨ3が大気に放出されるＮＨ3スリップを防止する。
　このような排ガス浄化装置において、図２、３に示すように、第２コンバータ２の上流側に接続する連結管８Ｂのストレート部分８Ｂａにおける、ＳＣＲ５の上流側の端面５ａから離間した位置の内面１０には、板状体からなるリテーナ１１が周方向へ延びるように立設されている。
　このように、ＳＣＲ５の上流側の端面５ａと離間してリテーナ１１を設けるようにしたので、リテーナ１１を大型化してもＮＯｘ還元浄化触媒への排ガスの流入量に影響を及ぼすことがなく、かつリテーナ１１が加水分解しなかった尿素水の第２コンバータ２への浸入を堰き止めることができる。そのため、ＳＣＲ５の性能を低下させることなく、尿素水の浸入によるＳＣＲ５の破損を防止することができるのである。
　なお、図２に示す実施形態では、リテーナ１１を連結管８Ｂの内面１０の半周（１８０°）にわたって立設しているが、リテーナ１１の範囲はこれに限定されるものではなく、例えば内面１０の周方向の一部（１８０°未満）に立設したり、尿素水の浸入を完全に防ぐために内面１０の全周（３６０°）にわたって立設したりするようにしてもよい。
　ＳＣＲ５の上流側の端面５ａとリテーナ１１との距離Ｈは、連結管８Ｂの内径やリテーナ１１のサイズ（高さ、範囲）などにより変化するため特に限定するものではないが、リテーナ１１による排ガスＧの流れの乱れが、第２コンバータ３の入口では正常に復旧するのに十分な大きさとすることが望ましい。
　上記の実施形態においては、尿素水を還元剤とするＳＣＲの代わりに、ＨＣを還元剤とするＬＮＴを用いるようにしてもよい。
１　第１コンバータ
２　第２コンバータ
３　第１ＤＯＣ
４　ＣＳＦ
５　ＳＣＲ
５ａ　上流側の端面
６　第２ＤＯＣ
７　噴射ノズル
８Ａ、８Ｂ　連結管
９　支持部材
１０　内面
１１　リテーナ

Claims (3)

  1. 　ディーゼルエンジンの排気管に上流側から順に配置された還元剤の供給手段と、支持部材を介してＮＯｘ還元浄化触媒を内設するコンバータとを備えるとともに、前記供給手段と前記ＮＯｘ還元浄化触媒との間の前記排気管の内面に、板状体からなるリテーナを周方向へ延びるように立設したディーゼルエンジンの排ガス浄化装置において、
    　前記ＮＯｘ還元浄化触媒の上流側の端面と前記リテーナとを離間させたことを特徴とするディーゼルエンジンの排ガス浄化装置。
  2. 　前記還元剤が尿素水であって、前記ＮＯｘ還元浄化触媒がＳＣＲである請求項１に記載のディーゼルエンジンの排ガス浄化装置。
  3. 　前記還元剤が未燃燃料であって、前記ＮＯｘ還元浄化触媒がＬＮＴである請求項１に記載のディーゼルエンジンの排ガス浄化装置。
PCT/JP2013/075711 2012-10-26 2013-09-24 ディーゼルエンジンの排ガス浄化装置 WO2014065059A1 (ja)

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