CN104704215A - 柴油发动机的废气净化装置 - Google Patents

柴油发动机的废气净化装置 Download PDF

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CN104704215A
CN104704215A CN201380052619.0A CN201380052619A CN104704215A CN 104704215 A CN104704215 A CN 104704215A CN 201380052619 A CN201380052619 A CN 201380052619A CN 104704215 A CN104704215 A CN 104704215A
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diesel engine
waste gas
nox reduction
cleaning plant
gas cleaning
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大原功
植田嘉久
平木信之
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Isuzu Motors Ltd
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Isuzu Motors Ltd
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Abstract

提供一种柴油发动机的废气净化装置，该柴油发动机的废气净化装置能够提高NOx还原净化催化剂的性能并防止还原剂向催化剂的支撑部件浸入导致的催化剂损坏，使阻挡件(11)与SCR(5)的上游侧端面(5a)分离，该阻挡件(11)在尿素水的喷嘴(7)与SCR(5)的上游侧端面(5a)之间的连结管(8B)的内表面(10)以向周向延伸的方式立设。

Description

柴油发动机的废气净化装置
技术领域
本发明涉及柴油发动机的废气净化装置，更详细地说，涉及能够提高NOx还原净化催化剂的性能并防止还原剂向催化剂的支撑部件浸入而导致的催化剂损坏的柴油发动机的废气净化装置。
背景技术
为了降低包含于柴油发动机的废气中的氮氧化物(NOx)向大气中的排放，开发了使用选择还原型催化剂(SCR：Selective Catalytic Reduction)或NOx贮存还原型催化剂(LNT：Lean NOx Traps)等NOx还原净化催化剂的废气净化装置。
前者的使用SCR的废气净化装置使喷射至废气中的尿素水加水分解而生成的氨(NH3)在SCR的存在下作为还原剂起作用，从而净化NOx。该SCR由成型体等构成，该成型体将包含铁离子交换硅酸铝等沸石催化剂的浆料涂布于蜂窝陶瓷等载体。
另外，后者的使用LNT的废气净化装置将废气中的NOx在贫状态时暂时贮存于NOx贮存材料(K或Ba等碱金属或碱土类金属)，定期地向废气中供给未燃燃料(HC)而为富状态，由此将贮存的NOx排放而通过还原功能还原。该LNT由成型体等构成，该成型体在催化剂载体上搭载了由铂等贵金属催化剂和钡等碱土类金属等形成的NOx贮存材料。
一般地，这些NOx还原净化催化剂经由耐热海绵等支撑部件设置在安装于排气管途中的粗径的纺锤形或圆筒形的变换器内。因此，不分解而附着于排气管内表面的尿素水或HC如果收集在排气管的底部且浸透到支撑部件，则有可能与温度的上升一起固化而膨胀，并使催化剂损坏。
为了解决这样的问题，例如像日本申请的特开2011-241732号公报所记载的，提出了通过在变换器的上游侧的排气管的内周面设置阻挡件，从而阻止尿素水或HC向变换器内浸入。
在上述专利文献的发明中，如果为了提高废气净化装置的性能而增加还原剂的供给量，则需要使阻挡件的尺寸(高度或范围)大型化。可是，由于阻挡件和NOx还原净化催化剂紧贴而配置，因而如果使阻挡件大型化，则NOx还原催化剂的开口面积减少，导致净化率的下降或压力损失的增加，反而废气净化装置的性能下降。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1：日本申请特开2011-241732号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
本发明的目的在于，提供一种柴油发动机的废气净化装置，能够提高NOx还原净化催化剂的性能并防止还原剂向催化剂的支撑部件浸入导致的催化剂损坏。
用于解决问题的技术方案
达成上述目的的本发明的柴油发动机的废气净化装置，具备在柴油发动机的排气管上从上游侧依次配置的还原剂的供给机构、以及经由支撑部件而内设NOx还原净化催化剂的变换器，在所述供给机构与所述NOx还原净化催化剂之间的所述排气管的内表面，以向周向延伸的方式立设由板状体构成的阻挡件，其特征在于，使所述NOx还原净化催化剂的上游侧的端面与所述阻挡件分离。
在上述柴油发动机的废气净化装置中，能够分别使用尿素水、SCR作为还原剂、NOx还原净化催化剂。或者，也可分别使用未燃燃料、LNT作为还原剂、NOx还原净化催化剂。
发明的效果
依照本发明的柴油发动机的废气净化装置，由于使NOx还原净化催化剂的上游侧的端面与阻挡件分离，因而即便使阻挡件大型化，也不影响废气向NOx还原净化催化剂的流入量，所以不使NOx还原净化催化剂的性能下降，就能够防止还原剂的浸入导致的催化剂的支撑部件的损坏。
附图说明
图1是表示由本发明的实施方式构成的柴油发动机的废气净化装置的构成的截面图。
图2是表示图1中由X-X向视示出的局部截面图。
图3是图1中的Y部的放大截面图。
具体实施方式
以下，参照附图说明本发明的实施方式。
图1表示由本发明的实施方式构成的柴油发动机的废气净化装置。
该废气净化系统在柴油发动机的排气管(未图示)上具备从上游侧串联地依次设置的圆筒形的第一变换器1和第二变换器2。
在第一变换器1内，串联地配置有第一氧化催化剂3(第一DOC3)和带有催化剂的过滤器4(CSF4)。另外，在第二变换器2内，串联地配置有SCR5和第二DOC6。这些第一变换器1和第二变换器2通过设置有喷嘴7的连结管8A和大致U形的连结管8B而以彼此并列地设置的方式连接。
第一变换器1内的第一DOC3在蜂巢构造等搭载体上搭载铑、氧化铈、铂或氧化铝等而形成。另外，CSF4在陶瓷制的蜂巢状多孔体的过滤器部上搭载了由铂、钯或铑等贵金属构成的氧化催化剂、以及由氧化铈等构成的粒子状物质(PM)的氧化催化剂而形成。
第二变换器2内的SCR5在蜂巢构造等搭载体上搭载了钛-钒、β型沸石、氧化铬、氧化锰、氧化钼、氧化钛或氧化钨等而形成。另外，第二DOC6具有与第一DOC3相同的构造。这些SCR5和第二DOC6经由由耐热海绵等构成的支撑部件9而被从第二变换器2的内周面支撑。
该废气净化装置的功能如下。如果从柴油发动机排出的废气G向第一变换器1流入，则在第一DOC3中分解除去碳化氢(HC)和一氧化碳(CO)，在CSF4中除去PM，并且占据NOx的大半的一氧化氮(NO)被氧化而生成二氧化氮(NO2)。从第一变换器1流出的废气G伴随着在连结管8A中从喷嘴7喷射的尿素水加水分解而生成的NH3，通过后段的连结管8B向第二变换器2流入。而且，NOx在SCR5中通过NH3的还原作用而净化后，通过排出管(未图示)向外部排放。此外，第二DOC6防止未与NOx反应完全的NH3排放至大气的NH3泄漏。
在这样的废气净化装置中，如图2、3所示，在连接至第二变换器2的上游侧的连结管8B的笔直部分8Ba中的、从SCR5的上游侧的端面5a分离的位置的内表面10，由板状体构成的阻挡件11以向周向延伸的方式立设。
这样，由于与SCR5的上游侧的端面5a分离地设置阻挡件11，因而即便阻挡件11大型化，也不影响废气向NOx还原净化催化剂的流入量，并且阻挡件11能够阻止未加水分解的尿素水向第二变换器2的浸入。因此，不使SCR5的性能下降，就能够防止尿素水的浸入导致的SCR5的损坏。
此外，在图2所示的实施方式中，遍及连结管8B的内表面10的半周(180°)而立设阻挡件11，但是阻挡件11的范围不限于此，例如也可在内表面10的周向的一部分(不足180°)立设，或者为了完全防止尿素水的浸入而遍及内表面10的全周(360°)立设。
SCR5的上游侧的端面5a与阻挡件11的距离H因连结管8B的内径或阻挡件11的尺寸(高度、范围)等变化，不特别地限定，优选为阻挡件11导致的废气G的紊流在第二变换器3的入口恢复正常所需的大小。
在上述实施方式中，也可代替将尿素水作为还原剂的SCR，使用将HC作为还原剂的LNT。
符号说明
1       第一变换器
2       第二变换器
3       第一DOC
4       CSF
5       SCR
5a      上游侧的端面
6       第二DOC
7       喷嘴
8A、8B  连结管
9       支撑部件
10      内表面
11      阻挡件

Claims (3)

1.一种柴油发动机的废气净化装置，其特征在于，
具备在柴油发动机的排气管上从上游侧依次配置的还原剂的供给机构、以及经由支撑部件而内设NOx还原净化催化剂的变换器，并且在所述供给机构与所述NOx还原净化催化剂之间的所述排气管的内表面，以向周向延伸的方式立设有由板状体构成的阻挡件，
使所述NOx还原净化催化剂的上游侧的端面与所述阻挡件分离。
2.如权利要求1所述的柴油发动机的废气净化装置，其特征在于，
所述还原剂为尿素水，所述NOx还原净化催化剂为SCR。
3.如权利要求1所述的柴油发动机的废气净化装置，其特征在于，
所述还原剂为未燃燃料，所述NOx还原净化催化剂为LNT。
CN201380052619.0A 2012-10-26 2013-09-24 柴油发动机的废气净化装置 Pending CN104704215A (zh)

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