WO2014043995A1 - 一种拆分式起重机 - Google Patents

一种拆分式起重机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014043995A1
WO2014043995A1 PCT/CN2012/085718 CN2012085718W WO2014043995A1 WO 2014043995 A1 WO2014043995 A1 WO 2014043995A1 CN 2012085718 W CN2012085718 W CN 2012085718W WO 2014043995 A1 WO2014043995 A1 WO 2014043995A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lifting
boom
mast
crane
hull
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Application number
PCT/CN2012/085718
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
秦绪起
张三民
于然东
Original Assignee
湖南三一智能控制设备有限公司
三一重工股份有限公司
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Application filed by 湖南三一智能控制设备有限公司, 三一重工股份有限公司 filed Critical 湖南三一智能控制设备有限公司
Publication of WO2014043995A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014043995A1/zh

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/18Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes
    • B66C23/36Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes mounted on road or rail vehicles; Manually-movable jib-cranes for use in workshops; Floating cranes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/18Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes
    • B66C23/36Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes mounted on road or rail vehicles; Manually-movable jib-cranes for use in workshops; Floating cranes
    • B66C23/52Floating cranes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/62Constructional features or details
    • B66C23/82Luffing gear

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to the field of construction machinery and, in particular, to a split crane. Background technique
  • the conventional crawler crane is a mobile road crane, and its main structural forms include main parts such as boarding, getting off, slewing platform, variable amplitude mast, super-lifting mast and boom, and the boom is directly mounted on the main platform.
  • Crawler cranes are widely used in the construction of wind power, thermal power, nuclear power, petrochemical, bridges, subways, buildings, etc., but they cannot be directly applied to ship hoisting.
  • the traditional marine boom crane is a crane fixed to the hull.
  • the rotary mechanism is directly connected to the hull and can only be used for ship hoisting. That is, the prior art marine boom crane is a special crane that is limited to water surface operations.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a split type crane which can be applied to ground lifting and surface lifting to improve versatility.
  • the split crane of the present invention comprises: a crane body, the crane body is detachably fixed to the hull;
  • the lower end of the boom being selectively hinged to the hull or the crane body, and when articulated to the hull, the boom is configured to be surface-lifted; hinged to the crane body In the upper case, the boom is configured to be lifted on the road;
  • a luffing mechanism for adjusting a tilting amplitude of the boom, and a lifting mechanism for lifting and lowering the hook.
  • the boom is a truss structure.
  • the lifting mechanism includes a lifting hoist disposed at a lower end of the boom, the lifting hoisting connecting the hooks by a wire rope and a pulley system.
  • the lifting hoist includes a main hoist and a secondary hoist.
  • the luffing mechanism includes a main slewing mast and a main slewing hoist, a lower end of the main squash mast is hinged to the crane body, and an upper end of the main slewing mast is connected to the jib.
  • the main variable hoisting retracts the main horn mast by a wire rope and pulley system.
  • the luffing mechanism further includes a super-lifting mast and a super-lifting, the lower end of the super-lifting mast is selectively hinged to the hull or the crane body, and the upper end of the main variable-width mast passes
  • the super-lifting mast indirectly connects the boom, and the super-lifting retracts the boom through a wire rope and pulley system.
  • a detachable first tension member is disposed between the upper end of the super-lifting mast and the hull, and a triangular geometric relationship is formed between the mast, the first tension member and the hull.
  • the anti-backward cylinder is further disposed behind the boom and/or the super-lifting mast, and the anti-backlash cylinder is in contact with the guide rail after the boom and/or the super-lifting mast reach a certain angle.
  • the crane body includes a crawler frame located below it, the track frame being fixed to the deck of the hull by bolts.
  • the crane body is provided with a swinging mechanism, and the platform of the upper end of the swinging mechanism is rotatable in a horizontal plane with respect to the running mechanism of the lower end.
  • a second tension member for detaching the lateral stability of the boom is respectively disposed between the left and right sides of the boom and the hull.
  • the split type crane of the invention can be installed on the hull to form a crane for surface lifting, or can be assembled to form a mobile road crane for road surface lifting, which has the advantages of multi-purpose; and the invention can be based on the size of the hull.
  • the installation of cranes with different tonnages has the advantage of wide applicability.
  • the boom is directly hinged to the hull, and the spatial layout of the super-lifting mast and the main variable-width mast is reasonably carried out, thereby improving the stability of the offshore operation; the invention can have a large Lifting the radius, and adjusting the working radius of the super-lifting mast and the center of gravity of the whole machine, the work flexibility is good.
  • Figure 1 is a front elevational view of a split type crane according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a right side view of the split crane of the embodiment shown in Figure 1;
  • FIG 3 is a schematic structural view of the boom of the embodiment shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is an enlarged view of the area A shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of the super-lifting mast of the embodiment shown in Figure 1.
  • the split type crane of the present invention includes at least the crane body 1, the boom 3, the sizing mechanism and the lifting mechanism.
  • the crane body 1 is detachably fixed to the hull 2.
  • the crane body 1 includes a crawler frame (left and right crawler frames) located below the crane body 1 supported by the crawler frame, and the crawler frame passes The bolts are fixed to the deck of the hull 2.
  • the split type crane of this embodiment is used for surface lifting; when the aforementioned crawler frame is detached from the hull 2, the split type crane of this embodiment is used for road hanging Shipped.
  • the crane body 1 may be fixed to the hull 2 by the base, and when the road surface is lifted, the traveling mechanism may be mounted, and the technical effect of the present invention can be achieved. Further, the present invention can be applied to both a crawler crane and a truck crane.
  • the crane body 1 may further be provided with a slewing mechanism, and the platform at the upper end of the slewing mechanism is rotatable in a horizontal plane with respect to the lower end running mechanism.
  • the slewing mechanism can be used for position adjustment (slewing operation) of the boom 3 at the horizontal plane.
  • the rotation of the slewing mechanism does not drive the jib 3, and the jib 3 can be rotated by installing a slewing body on the hull 2 (for large In the case of the hull, the rotation of the boom 3 can also be achieved by the rotation of the hull 2 as a whole on the surface of the water.
  • the platform of the crane body 1 may be provided with components such as a motorized device, a hydraulic system, an electrical system, a cab, a counterweight, etc., and the specific structure of each part may refer to the prior art, and details are not described herein.
  • the crane body 1 of the present invention is used as a main structure of a crane. When used for road surface lifting, other parts of the crane (including the aforementioned boom, luffing mechanism and lifting mechanism, etc.) are mounted on the crane body 1 and formed. overall.
  • the lower end of the boom 3 is selectively hinged to the hull 2 or the crane body 1. When hinged to the hull 2, the boom 3 is used for surface lifting; when articulated on the crane body 1, the boom 3 is used for road surface lifting. Accordingly, a hinged seat corresponding to the lower end of the boom 3 can be provided on the hull 2 and the crane body 1, respectively, and can be connected by an easy-to-remove pin.
  • an anti-backward cylinder 7 at the rear of the boom 3, and after the boom 3 reaches a certain angle, the anti-backlash cylinder 7 is in contact with the guide rail.
  • the aforementioned guide rails may be disposed on the hull 2.
  • the luffing mechanism of the present invention is used to adjust the amplitude of the boom 3, and the lifting mechanism is used for the lifting and lowering operation of the hook 30.
  • the luffing mechanism and the lifting mechanism can take a variety of possible structural forms, such as hoisting or cylinder driving, preferably the former. It should be understood that the split type crane of the present invention is preferably suitable for a lifting operation with a large lifting capacity, but for a small hull, it is also applicable to a lifting operation of a small tonnage.
  • the arm frame 3 may be a box beam structure. As shown in FIG. 3, the arm frame 3 is preferably a truss structure. At the lower end of the arm frame 3, a lifting hoist 31 is provided, and the lifting hoist 31 is connected by a wire rope and a pulley system. Hook 30.
  • the boom 3 can be connected by a plurality of detachable trusses, the uppermost arm being the upper section arm, the middle section being the intermediate section arm, and the lowermost part being the lower section arm.
  • the number of lifting hoists 31 is two, which are divided into main hoisting and sub-winding to suit different lifting weights.
  • the pulley system of the lifting mechanism may include a fixed pulley group and a movable pulley group, the fixed pulley group is disposed on the arm frame 3 (such as the arm arm head), the movable pulley group is disposed between the hook 30 and the fixed pulley block, and the hook 30 moves up and down together with the pulley block Move to achieve lifting work of the object being lifted.
  • the lifting hoist 31 includes a hydraulic motor, a reducer and a reel, and the hydraulic motor drives the reel to rotate.
  • the luffing mechanism of the present invention may include a main luffing mast 4, a main luffing mast 4
  • the lower end is hinged to the crane body 1, and the main variable width is hoisted by the wire rope and the pulley system to retract the main variable amplitude mast 4, and in the basic arm working condition, the upper end of the main variable amplitude mast 4 is connected to the boom 3, specifically the aforementioned main
  • the upper end of the variator mast 4 and the boom 3 may be connected by a tie rod, a pull plate, a pull tube, a wire rope or a combination thereof.
  • basic arm conditions can be used.
  • the main damper mast 4 is swung under the action of the main squashing, the jib 3 is oscillated accordingly, so that the amplitude can be adjusted.
  • the boom performance is fully utilized, and the geometric relationship between the boom 3 and the tension member is improved, and the luffing mechanism may further include the 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ 4 mast 5 shown in FIG.
  • the lower end of the super-lifting mast 5 is selectively hinged to the hull 2 or the crane body 1.
  • the upper end of the main variable-width mast 4 is connected to the super-lifting mast 5, and the super-lifting hoist 51 is received by the wire rope and the pulley system.
  • the boom 3 is placed.
  • the split-type crane of this embodiment of the present invention is used for surface lifting; when the aforementioned 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ 4 mast 5 is hinged to the crane body 1, the splitting of this embodiment of the present invention Cranes are used for road lifting.
  • the super-lifting mast 5 can be a truss structure and can be connected by a plurality of detachable trusses.
  • the pulley system of the super-lifting mast 5 may also include a fixed pulley group and a movable pulley group, the fixed pulley group is disposed on the super-lifting mast 5 (such as the end of the mast), and the movable pulley group is disposed between the boom 3 and the fixed pulley block, and the boom 3 follows The movable pulley block moves together to realize the swing of the boom 3 forward or backward.
  • the super-lifting hoist 51 also includes hydraulic motors, reducers and reels, which will not be repeated here.
  • the upper end of the super-lifting mast 5 is detachably connected to the hull 2 through the first tension member 61, between the super-lifting mast 5, the first tension member 61 and the hull 2.
  • the aforementioned first tension member 61 may be a tie rod, a pull plate, a pull tube, a wire rope or a combination thereof.
  • the first tension member 61 is mounted between the hull 2 and the super-lifting mast 5 when used for surface lifting. It should be clear that when used for ground lifting, the first tension The component 61 needs to be removed from the hull 2 and the overweight counterweights connected accordingly.
  • an anti-backward cylinder 7 at the rear of the super-lifting mast 5, and the anti-backlash cylinder 7 is in contact with the guide rail after the super-lifting mast 5 reaches a certain angle.
  • the guide rails may be disposed on the crane body 1 or the hull 2.
  • a second tension member 62 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 may be separately disposed between the left and right sides of the boom 3 and the hull 2, and the second tension member 62 can be a tie rod, a pull plate, a pull tube, a rope row, or a combination thereof.
  • the second tension member 62 laterally of the boom 3 can provide stability enhancement for the lateral stability stiffening device.
  • the second tension member 62 is mounted between the boom 3 and the hull 2 when used for surface lifting. It should be clear that the second tension member 62 needs to be removed from the hull 2 when used for ground lifting.
  • the present invention has at least the following advantages:
  • the split type crane of the present invention can be installed on the hull 2 to form a marine crane for surface lifting, or can be assembled to form a mobile road crane for road surface lifting, which has the advantages of multi-purpose.
  • the split type crane of the present invention can be installed with different p-position cranes according to the size of the hull 2, and can be widely applied and installed on different ships, and has the advantages of wide applicability.
  • the boom 3 When the invention is used for surface lifting, the boom 3 is directly hinged to the hull 2, and the spatial layout of the super-lifting mast 5 and the main variable-width mast 4 is reasonably carried out, thereby improving the stability of offshore operations; Large lifting radius, and can adjust the working radius of the super-lifting mast 5 and the center of gravity of the machine, and the working flexibility is good. Therefore, the advantageous effects of the present invention are obvious.
  • the split type crane of the present invention can be installed on the hull 2 to form a marine crane for surface lifting, or can be assembled to form a mobile road crane for road surface lifting, which has the advantages of multi-purpose.
  • the split type crane of the present invention can be installed with different p-position cranes according to the size of the hull 2, and can be widely applied and installed on different ships, and has the advantages of wide applicability.
  • the boom 3 When the invention is used for surface lifting, the boom 3 is directly hinged to the hull 2, and the spatial layout of the super-lifting mast 5 and the main variable-width mast 4 is reasonably carried out, thereby improving the stability of offshore operations; Large lifting radius, and can adjust the working radius of the super-lifting mast 5 and the center of gravity of the machine, and the working flexibility is good.
  • the present invention has industrial applicability.

Abstract

一种拆分式起重机,至少包括起重机本体(1)、臂架(3)、变幅机构和提升机构,其中起重机本体可拆卸地固定于船体(2)上;臂架(3)的下端可选择地铰接于船体(2)或起重机本体(1)上,铰接于船体(2)时,臂架用于水面吊运;铰接于起重机本体(1)上时,臂架用于路面吊运;变幅机构用于调整臂架的幅度,提升机构用于吊钩的升降作业。本发明既可以用于水面吊运,也可以用于路面吊运,可实现一机多用,并具有适用性广、稳定性和灵活性好等优点。

Description

一种拆分式起重机 本申请要求于 2012 年 9 月 21 日提交中国专利局、 申请号为 201210356367.8、 发明名称为"一种拆分式起重机"的中国专利申请的优先 权, 其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请。 技术领域
本发明主要涉及工程机械领域, 具体地说, 涉及一种拆分式起重机。 背景技术
现有技术中, 传统履带起重机为流动式路面起重机, 其主要结构形式 包括上车、 下车、 回转平台、 变幅桅杆、 超起桅杆和臂架等主要部分, 臂 架直接安装于主平台上。 履带起重机作为路面施工流动式整体, 广泛应用 于风电、 火电、 核电、 石化、 桥梁、 地铁、 建筑等各种工程建设的吊装作 业, 但不能直接应用于船舶吊装。
另一方面, 传统船用臂架起重机则为固定于船体的起重机, 将回转机 构直接与船体相连, 只能用于船舶吊装。 即现有技术的船用臂架起重机是 一种局限于水面作业的专用起重机。
随着施工现场对起重机的使用需求越来越多, 对其性能的多样化要求 也越来越高。 因此, 如何提供一种起重机, 既能满足地面吊运要求, 也能 满足水面吊运要求, 是本领域技术人员亟待解决的技术问题。 发明内容
有鉴于此, 本发明的目的在于提供一种拆分式起重机, 该拆分式起重 机可以适用于地面吊运和水面吊运, 提高通用性。
本发明的拆分式起重机, 包括: 起重机本体, 所述起重机本体可拆卸地固定于船体上;
臂架和吊钩, 所述臂架的下端可选择地铰接于所述船体或所述起重机 本体上, 铰接于所述船体时, 所述臂架配置为水面吊运; 铰接于所述起重 机本体上时, 所述臂架配置为路面吊运;
变幅机构和提升机构, 所述变幅机构用于调整所述臂架的倾斜幅度, 所述提升机构用于吊钩的升降作业。
进一步地, 所述臂架为桁架式结构。
进一步地, 所述提升机构包括设置在所述臂架的下端的提升卷扬, 所 述提升卷扬通过钢丝绳和滑轮系统连接所述吊钩。
进一步地, 所述提升卷扬包括主卷扬和副卷扬。
进一步地, 所述变幅机构包括主变幅桅杆和主变幅卷扬, 所述主变幅 桅杆的下端铰接于所述起重机本体上, 所述主变幅桅杆的上端连接所述臂 架, 所述主变幅卷扬通过钢丝绳和滑轮系统收放所述主变幅桅杆。
进一步地, 所述变幅机构还包括超起桅杆和超起卷扬, 所述超起桅杆 的下端可选择地铰接于所述船体或所述起重机本体上, 所述主变幅桅杆的 上端通过所述超起桅杆间接连接所述臂架, 所述超起卷扬通过钢丝绳和滑 轮系统收放所述臂架。
进一步地, 所述超起桅杆的上端和所述船体之间设置有可拆卸的第一 受拉部件, 所述 桅杆、 第一受拉部件和船体之间形成三角几何关系。
进一步地, 所述臂架和 /或超起桅杆的后方还设置有防后倾油缸, 在所 述臂架和 /或超起桅杆达到一定的角度后, 所述防后倾油缸与导轨接触。
进一步地, 所述起重机本体包括位于其下方的履带架, 所述履带架通 过螺栓固定于所述船体的甲板上。
进一步地, 所述起重机本体上设置有回转机构, 所述回转机构上端的 平台可相对于下端的行走机构在水平面回转。 进一步地, 在所述臂架的左右两侧和所述船体之间分别设置有可拆卸 的用于加强所述臂架侧向稳定性的第二受拉部件。
本发明的拆分式起重机, 既可以安装于船体上形成起重机进行水面吊 运, 也可以组装形成流动式路面起重机进行路面吊运, 具有一机多用的优 点; 此外, 本发明可以根据船体大小, 安装不同吨位的起重机, 具有适用 性广的优点。
而且, 本发明用于水面吊运时, 臂架直接铰接于船体上, 并合理地进 行了超起桅杆和主变幅桅杆的空间布局, 提高了海上作业的稳定性; 本发 明可以具有大的吊运半径, 并可以调节超起桅杆的工作半径和整机重心, 作业灵活性好。 附图说明
构成本发明的一部分的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解, 本发明 的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明, 并不构成对本发明的不当限定。 在附图中:
图 1是本发明一实施例的拆分式起重机的主视图;
图 2是图 1所示实施例的拆分式起重机的右视图;
图 3是图 1所示实施例的臂架的结构示意图;
图 4是图 1所示 A区域的放大图;
图 5是图 1所示实施例的超起桅杆的结构示意图。
附图标记说明
起重机本体—1 ; 船体 -2; 臂架 -3; 吊钩 -30; 提升卷扬 -31 ; 主变幅桅杆 -4; 超起桅杆 -5; 超起卷扬 -51 ; 第一受拉部件 -61 ; 第二受拉部件 -62; 防后 倾油紅—7。 具体实施方式 需要说明的是, 在不沖突的情况下, 本发明中的实施例及实施例中的 特征可以相互组合。 下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本发明。
图 1和图 2所示是本发明一实施例的拆分式起重机的结构示意图。 从 图中可以看出, 本发明的拆分式起重机至少包括起重机本体 1、 臂架 3、 变 幅机构和提升机构。
其中, 该起重机本体 1可拆卸地固定于船体 2上, 作为一种实施方式, 该起重机本体 1包括位于其下方的履带架(左右履带架), 起重机本体 1由 该履带架支撑, 履带架通过螺栓固定于船体 2 的甲板上。 当将前述履带架 固定于船体 2 时, 该实施例的拆分式起重机用于水面吊运; 当将前述履带 架从船体 2上拆卸时, 该实施例的拆分式起重机则用于路面吊运。
需要说明的是, 前述起重机本体 1也可以通过底座与船体 2固定, 在 用于路面吊运时, 再进行行走机构的安装, 同样能够实现本发明的技术效 果。 此外, 本发明既可以适用于履带起重机, 也可以适用于汽车起重机。
进一步地, 该起重机本体 1 上还可以设置回转机构, 回转机构上端的 平台可相对于下端的行走机构在水平面回转。 在用于路面吊运时, 该回转 机构可以用于臂架 3在水平面的位置调整(回转作业)。在用于水面吊运时, 由于臂架 3铰接于船体 2上, 该回转机构的转动并不能带动臂架 3的回转, 可以通过在船体 2上安装回转体实现臂架 3的回转(对于大的船体而言 ), 也可以通过船体 2整体在水面的转动实现臂架 3的回转。
该起重机本体 1 的平台上可以设置机动设备、 液压系统、 电气系统、 驾驶室、 配重等部件, 各部分的具体结构可以参考现有技术, 本文在此不 再赘述。 本发明的起重机本体 1 作为起重机的主体结构, 在用于路面吊运 时, 起重机的其它部分(包括前述的臂架、 变幅机构和提升机构等) 均安 装于该起重机本体 1上, 并形成整体。 臂架 3的下端可选择地铰接于船体 2或起重机本体 1上,铰接于船体 2 时, 臂架 3用于水面吊运; 铰接于起重机本体 1上时, 臂架 3用于路面吊 运。 相应地, 可以分别在船体 2和起重机本体 1上设置与臂架 3下端对应 的铰接座, 并可以采用易于拆卸的销轴连接。
如图 3所示, 优选在臂架 3的后方设置有防后倾油缸 7, 在臂架 3达到 一定的角度后, 防后倾油缸 7与导轨接触。 前述导轨可以设置于船体 2上, 当臂架 3后倾达到一定程度时, 通过防后倾油缸 7的支撑作用可以避免臂 架 3进一步的后倾, 进而避免由此对起重机造成的损坏。
本发明的变幅机构用于调整臂架 3的幅度, 提升机构用于吊钩 30的升 降作业。 变幅机构和提升机构可以采用多种可能的结构形式, 如卷扬驱动 或油缸驱动, 优选前者。 应当清楚, 本发明的拆分式起重机优选适用于大 起重量大幅度的起重工况, 但对于小型船体, 同样可以适用于小吨位的起 重作业。
前述臂架 3可以为箱形梁结构, 如图 3所示, 臂架 3优选为桁架式结 构, 在臂架 3的下端设置有提升卷扬 31 ,提升卷扬 31通过钢丝绳和滑轮系 统连接吊钩 30。 该臂架 3可以由多个可拆卸的桁架连接而成, 位于最上端 的为上节臂, 位于中间的为中间节臂, 位于最下端的为下节臂。 优选提升 卷扬 31的数量为 2个, 分为主卷扬和副卷扬, 以适用于不同的起重量。
提升机构的滑轮系统可以包括定滑轮组和动滑轮组, 定滑轮组设置于 臂架 3上(如上节臂臂头 ), 动滑轮组设置于吊钩 30与定滑轮组之间, 吊 钩 30随动滑轮组一起上下移动, 从而实现被吊运物的升降作业。 提升卷扬 31 包括液压马达、 减速机和卷筒等部分, 液压马达驱动卷筒转动, 当卷筒 在第一方向转动时, 钢丝绳放出, 动滑轮组和吊钩 30—起向下移动; 当卷 筒在第二方向转动时, 钢丝绳收回, 动滑轮组和吊钩 30—起向上移动。
如图 4所示, 本发明的变幅机构可以包括主变幅桅杆 4, 主变幅桅杆 4 的下端铰接于起重机本体 1 上, 主变幅卷扬通过钢丝绳和滑轮系统收放主 变幅桅杆 4, 在基本臂工况时, 主变幅桅杆 4的上端连接臂架 3 , 具体为前 述主变幅桅杆 4的上端和臂架 3之间可以采用拉杆、 拉板、 拉管、 钢丝绳 或其组合连接。 对于小吨位的吊运, 可以使用基本臂工况。 当主变幅桅杆 4 在主变幅卷扬的作用下摆动时, 臂架 3作相应的摆动, 从而可以调整其幅 度。
进一步地, 为了适应大起重量大幅度的作业需要, 充分发挥臂架性能, 并改善臂架 3与受拉件之间的几何关系, 变幅机构还可以包括图 5所示的 ¾¾桅杆 5 , 超起桅杆 5的下端可选择地铰接于船体 2或起重机本体 1上, 在超起工况时, 主变幅桅杆 4的上端连接超起桅杆 5 , 超起卷扬 51通过钢 丝绳和滑轮系统收放臂架 3。
当将前述超起桅杆 5铰接于船体 2时, 本发明该实施例的拆分式起重 机用于水面吊运; 当将前述 ¾¾桅杆 5铰接于起重机本体 1时, 本发明该 实施例的拆分式起重机则用于路面吊运。
该超起桅杆 5可以为桁架式结构, 并可以由多个可拆卸的桁架连接而 成。 超起桅杆 5 的滑轮系统也可以包括定滑轮组和动滑轮组, 定滑轮组设 置于超起桅杆 5上(如上节桅杆端部 ), 动滑轮组设置于臂架 3与定滑轮组 之间, 臂架 3随动滑轮组一起移动, 从而实现臂架 3前倾或后仰的摆动。 与提升卷扬 31相似, 超起卷扬 51也包括液压马达、 减速机和卷筒等部分, 本文在此不再赘述。
此外, 为了增加整机稳定性, 提高起重机性能, 超起桅杆 5 的上端通 过第一受拉部件 61可拆卸地与船体 2连接, 超起桅杆 5、 第一受拉部件 61 和船体 2之间形成三角几何关系。 前述第一受拉部件 61可以采用拉杆、 拉 板、 拉管、 钢丝绳或其组合。 在用于水面吊运时, 该第一受拉部件 61安装 于船体 2和超起桅杆 5之间。 应当清楚, 在用于地面吊运时, 该第一受拉 部件 61需要从船体 2上拆除并相应地连接超起配重。
如图 5所示, 优选在超起桅杆 5的后方设置有防后倾油缸 7, 在超起桅 杆 5达到一定的角度后, 防后倾油缸 7与导轨接触。 前述导轨可以设置于 起重机本体 1或船体 2上, 当臂架 3后倾达到一定程度时, 通过防后倾油 缸 7的支撑作用可以避免超起桅杆 5进一步的后倾, 进而避免由此对起重 机造成的损坏。
进一步地, 鉴于海上作业的不稳定性, 在臂架 3 的左右两侧和船体 2 之间还可以分别设置如图 1和图 2所示的第二受拉部件 62, 该第二受拉部 件 62可以是拉杆、 拉板、 拉管、 绳排或其组合。 臂架 3侧向的第二受拉部 件 62可以起到稳定性加强,用于侧向稳定性加强装置。在用于水面吊运时, 该第二受拉部件 62安装于臂架 3和船体 2之间。 应当清楚, 在用于地面吊 运时, 该第二受拉部件 62需要从船体 2上拆除。
与现有技术相比, 本发明至少具有以下优点:
1 )可实现一机多用
本发明的拆分式起重机, 既可以安装于船体 2上形成船用起重机进行 水面吊运, 也可以组装形成流动式路面起重机进行路面吊运, 具有一机多 用的优点。
2 )适用性广
本发明的拆分式起重机, 可以根据船体 2 大小, 安装不同 p屯位的起重 机, 可广泛适用并安装于不同的船舶上, 具有适用性广的优点。
3 )稳定性和灵活性好
本发明用于水面吊运时, 臂架 3直接铰接于船体 2上, 并合理地进行 了超起桅杆 5和主变幅桅杆 4的空间布局, 提高了海上作业的稳定性; 本 发明可以具有大的吊运半径, 并可以调节超起桅杆 5 的工作半径和整机重 心, 作业灵活性好。 因此, 本发明的有益效果是显而易见的。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已, 并不用以限制本发明, 凡在 本发明的精神和原则之内, 所作的任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等, 均应包 含在本发明的保护范围之内。
工业实用性
本发明提供的拆分式起重机, 具有以下技术效果:
1 )可实现一机多用
本发明的拆分式起重机, 既可以安装于船体 2上形成船用起重机进行 水面吊运, 也可以组装形成流动式路面起重机进行路面吊运, 具有一机多 用的优点。
2 )适用性广
本发明的拆分式起重机, 可以根据船体 2 大小, 安装不同 p屯位的起重 机, 可广泛适用并安装于不同的船舶上, 具有适用性广的优点。
3 )稳定性和灵活性好
本发明用于水面吊运时, 臂架 3直接铰接于船体 2上, 并合理地进行 了超起桅杆 5和主变幅桅杆 4的空间布局, 提高了海上作业的稳定性; 本 发明可以具有大的吊运半径, 并可以调节超起桅杆 5 的工作半径和整机重 心, 作业灵活性好。
因此, 本发明具有工业实用性。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种拆分式起重机, 其特征在于, 包括:
起重机本体 ( 1 ), 所述起重机本体 ( 1 )可拆卸地固定于船体( 2 )上; 臂架(3)和吊钩(30), 所述臂架(3) 的下端可选择地铰接于所述船 体( 2 )或所述起重机本体( 1 )上, 铰接于所述船体( 2 )时, 所述臂架( 3 ) 配置为水面吊运; 铰接于所述起重机本体(1 )上时, 所述臂架(3) 配置 为路面吊运;
变幅机构和提升机构, 所述变幅机构配置为调整所述臂架(3) 的倾斜 幅度, 所述提升机构配置为吊钩(30) 的升降作业。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的拆分式起重机, 其特征在于, 所述变幅机构 包括主变幅桅杆(4)和主变幅卷扬, 所述主变幅桅杆(4) 的下端铰接于 所述起重机本体(1)上, 所述主变幅桅杆(4) 的上端连接所述臂架(3), 所述主变幅卷扬通过钢丝绳和滑轮系统收放所述主变幅桅杆 ( 4 )。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的拆分式起重机, 其特征在于, 所述变幅机构 还包括超起桅杆 (5)和超起卷扬 (51), 所述超起桅杆 (5) 的下端可选择 地铰接于所述船体 (2)或所述起重机本体(1 )上, 所述主变幅桅杆(4) 的上端通过所述超起桅杆 ( 5 )间接连接所述臂架( 3 ), 所述超起卷扬 ( 51 ) 通过钢丝绳和滑轮系统收放所述臂架(3)。
4、根据权利要求 1-3任一项所述的拆分式起重机, 其特征在于, 在所 述臂架(3) 的左右两侧和所述船体(2)之间分别设置有可拆卸的用于加 强所述臂架(3)侧向稳定性的第二受拉部件(62)。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的拆分式起重机, 其特征在于, 所述提升机构 包括设置在所述臂架(3) 的下端的提升卷扬 (31 ), 所述提升卷扬 (31) 通过钢丝绳和滑轮系统连接所述吊钩(30)。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的拆分式起重机, 其特征在于, 所述提升卷扬 (31) 包括主卷扬和副卷扬。
7、 根据权利要求 1-3任意一项所述的拆分式起重机, 其特征在于, 所 述超起桅杆(5) 的上端和所述船体(2)之间设置有可拆卸的第一受拉部 件 (61 ), 所述超起桅杆(5)、 第一受拉部件 (61) 和船体(2)之间形成 三角几何关系。
8、 根据权利要求 1-3任一项所述的拆分式起重机, 其特征在于, 所述 臂架(3)和 /或超起桅杆 (5) 的后方还设置有防后倾油缸(7)。
9、 根据权利要求 1-3任一项所述的拆分式起重机, 其特征在于, 所述 起重机本体(1) 包括位于其下方的履带架, 所述履带架通过螺栓固定于所 述船体(2) 的甲板上。
10、根据权利要求 1-3任一项所述的拆分式起重机, 其特征在于, 所述 起重机本体 (1)上设置有回转机构, 所述回转机构上端的平台可相对于下 端的行走机构在水平面回转。
11、根据权利要求 1-3所述的拆分式起重机,其特征在于,所述臂架( 3 ) 为桁架式结构。
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