WO2014038339A1 - 暖房システム - Google Patents

暖房システム Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014038339A1
WO2014038339A1 PCT/JP2013/071405 JP2013071405W WO2014038339A1 WO 2014038339 A1 WO2014038339 A1 WO 2014038339A1 JP 2013071405 W JP2013071405 W JP 2013071405W WO 2014038339 A1 WO2014038339 A1 WO 2014038339A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
temperature
heating
water
heat
burner
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2013/071405
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
小川　純一
裕基 井浪
足立　郁朗
本多　淳
田中　宏和
Original Assignee
リンナイ株式会社
シャープ株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by リンナイ株式会社, シャープ株式会社 filed Critical リンナイ株式会社
Priority to KR1020147036427A priority Critical patent/KR101555473B1/ko
Priority to CN201380036322.5A priority patent/CN104428594B/zh
Publication of WO2014038339A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014038339A1/ja

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/18—Hot-water central heating systems using heat pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
    • F24D11/02—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps
    • F24D11/0214—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps water heating system
    • F24D11/0228—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps water heating system combined with conventional heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D17/00—Domestic hot-water supply systems
    • F24D17/0026—Domestic hot-water supply systems with conventional heating means
    • F24D17/0031—Domestic hot-water supply systems with conventional heating means with accumulation of the heated water
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D17/00—Domestic hot-water supply systems
    • F24D17/02—Domestic hot-water supply systems using heat pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/08—Hot-water central heating systems in combination with systems for domestic hot-water supply
    • F24D3/082—Hot water storage tanks specially adapted therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/04—Gas or oil fired boiler
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/12—Heat pump
    • F24D2200/123—Compression type heat pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
    • F24D2220/04—Sensors
    • F24D2220/042—Temperature sensors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
    • F24D2220/08—Storage tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2240/00—Characterizing positions, e.g. of sensors, inlets, outlets
    • F24D2240/26—Vertically distributed at fixed positions, e.g. multiple sensors distributed over the height of a tank, or a vertical inlet distribution pipe having a plurality of orifices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/12—Hot water central heating systems using heat pumps

Definitions

  • the technology disclosed in this specification relates to a heating system.
  • Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Publication No. 2009-250481 (hereinafter referred to as Patent Document 1) includes a heat pump, a hot water heater, a floor heater, a hot water storage tank for storing hot water, a hot water storage tank, and a hot water heater.
  • the hot water circuit to be connected, the water circuit that circulates the water in the hot water storage tank, the floor heating circuit that circulates the water (hot water) used in the floor heater, the water in the water circuit and the water in the floor heating circuit
  • a hot water supply and heating system including a heat pump for heating and a gas heat source device for heating hot water in a tapping circuit and water in a floor heating circuit is disclosed.
  • the hot water supply and heating system of Patent Document 1 when the hot water heater and the floor heater operate simultaneously, if the hot water in the hot water storage tank is reduced to a predetermined amount, the circulation flow rate of the water in the floor heating circuit is reduced. Control to use heat preferentially for heating water in the water circuit. When the hot water in the hot water storage tank further decreases, the hot water supply and heating system performs control to heat at least the hot water in the hot water supply circuit using the gas heat source device as an auxiliary heat source.
  • Heater that heats using heat of the heat medium heat pump unit that heats the heat medium, burner unit that heats the heat medium, and heat that circulates the heat medium between the heater, the heat pump unit, and the burner unit
  • a heating system including a medium circulation path hereinafter referred to as “specific heating system”.
  • a heat pump unit that uses heat absorbed from the atmosphere for heating is inferior in heating capability as compared to a burner unit that uses heat obtained by burning a gas for heating, but has an advantage of being excellent in economic efficiency. Therefore, in a specific heating system provided with both the heat pump unit and the burner unit as heat sources, it is desirable to operate the heat pump unit with priority over the burner unit in consideration of economy.
  • the heat pump unit is operated with priority over the burner unit by changing the operating condition of the heat pump unit and the operating condition of the burner unit. Specifically, when the temperature of the heat medium in the heat medium circuit is lowered to a predetermined burner operating temperature, the burner unit is operated, and the temperature of the heat medium in the heat medium circuit is lower than the burner operating temperature. Control is performed to activate the heat pump unit when the temperature falls to a predetermined heat pump operating temperature. According to this control, when the temperature of the heat medium in the heat medium circuit is lowered during the heating operation, the heat pump unit operates preferentially over the burner unit.
  • the temperature of the heat medium in the heat medium circuit can be stabilized at a temperature that can cover the amount of heat necessary for heating operation (hereinafter referred to as “specific temperature”). Thereby, it is possible to realize a heating operation with good energy efficiency and excellent economic efficiency.
  • the heating load in the heater may increase rapidly due to a user instruction or the like.
  • the temperature of the heat medium in the heat medium circulation path may not reach a specific set temperature even though the heat pump continues to operate as the heating load increases.
  • the temperature of the heat medium in the heat medium circuit is not lowered to a temperature lower than the burner operating temperature. That is, the temperature of the heat medium in the heat medium circuit may be stable for a long time at a halfway temperature that is lower than a specific set temperature but higher than the burner operating temperature.
  • a low temperature stable state such referred to as a “low temperature stable state”.
  • the temperature of the heat medium in the heat medium circuit does not reach a specific set temperature, so that the heating operation required by the heater cannot be performed appropriately. Moreover, since the temperature of the heat medium in the heat medium circuit does not drop rapidly to the burner operating temperature, the burner unit cannot be operated quickly. As a result, there may be a disadvantage that the period during which the heating operation required by the heater cannot be performed properly continues for a long period of time.
  • This specification provides the heating system which can perform heating operation appropriately in the heating system which solves the above-mentioned inconvenience and includes both the heat pump unit and the burner unit as heat sources.
  • a heating system disclosed in the present specification includes a heater that performs heating using heat of a heat medium, a heat pump unit that heats the heat medium, a burner unit that heats the heat medium, a heater, a heat pump unit, and a burner unit.
  • the control means is configured such that the temperature detected by the temperature sensor is equal to or lower than the first ignition temperature that is lower than the heating set temperature by the first predetermined temperature, or the temperature detected by the temperature sensor is lower than the first predetermined temperature.
  • the burner unit is actuated when a state where the predetermined ignition temperature is equal to or lower than the second ignition temperature lower than the heating set temperature continues for a predetermined period. Further, the control means stops the burner unit when the temperature detected by the temperature sensor is equal to or higher than the fire extinguishing temperature higher than the heating set temperature by the third predetermined temperature.
  • the detected temperature of the temperature sensor does not reach the heating set temperature and does not fall below the first ignition temperature even though the heat pump is operating. Even when the temperature is stabilized at a halfway temperature (the above-described low temperature stable state), if the temperature detected by the temperature sensor is equal to or lower than the second ignition temperature for a predetermined period, the burner unit is operated to The heat medium in the circulation path can be heated. Therefore, a state where the temperature detected by the temperature sensor does not reach the heating set temperature and is stable at a temperature that does not fall below the first ignition temperature (low temperature stable state) continues for a long time, and is insufficient. It is possible to prevent the heating operation from continuing. Therefore, according to said heating system, in a heating system provided with both a heat pump unit and a burner unit as a heat source, a burner unit can be operated appropriately and heating operation can be performed appropriately.
  • operation The flowchart which shows the process which a hot-water supply heating system performs at the time of heating operation.
  • a control means specifies 2nd predetermined temperature based on heating preset temperature. It is preferable that the specified second predetermined temperature is smaller as the heating set temperature is lower. In general, when the heating set temperature is low, it takes a long time to radiate the temperature of the heat medium having a temperature close to the heating set temperature, compared to when the heating set temperature is high. Therefore, in this case, it is required to operate the burner unit relatively early. According to this structure, when the heating preset temperature is low, the control means can operate the burner unit earlier by specifying a small second predetermined temperature than when the heating preset temperature is high. That is, according to this configuration, an appropriate second predetermined temperature can be specified according to the heating set temperature. Therefore, the heating system can appropriately operate the burner unit according to the heating set temperature.
  • a control means specifies a predetermined period based on heating preset temperature. It is preferable that the specified period to be specified is shorter as the heating set temperature is lower. As described above, when the heating set temperature is low, it takes a long time to radiate the temperature of the heat medium having a temperature close to the heating set temperature, compared to when the heating set temperature is high. Therefore, in this case, it is required to operate the burner unit relatively early. According to this configuration, when the heating set temperature is low, the control unit can operate the burner unit earlier by specifying a short predetermined period than when the heating set temperature is high. That is, according to this configuration, an appropriate predetermined period can be specified according to the heating set temperature. Therefore, the heating system can appropriately operate the burner unit according to the heating set temperature.
  • the hot water supply / heating system 2 includes a hot water supply system 104, a heat pump system 106, a heating system 108, and a control device 100.
  • the heat pump system 106 includes a heat pump 50 and a three-fluid heat exchanger 58.
  • the heat pump 50 includes a refrigerant circulation path 52 for circulating a refrigerant (for example, Freon gas R410A), a heat exchanger (evaporator) 54, a fan 56, a compressor 62, and an expansion valve 60. .
  • the refrigerant circuit 52 passes through the three-fluid heat exchanger 58.
  • the heat exchanger 54, the compressor 62, and the expansion valve 60 are installed in the refrigerant circulation path 52.
  • the hot water supply system 104 includes a tank 10, a tank water circulation path 20, a tap water introduction path 24, a supply path 36, and a burner heating device 81.
  • the tank 10 stores hot water heated by the heat pump 50.
  • the tank 10 is a hermetically sealed type, and the outside is covered with a heat insulating material. Water is stored in the tank 10 until it is full.
  • the thermistors 12, 14, 16 and 18 are attached to the tank 10 at substantially equal intervals in the height direction of the tank 10. Each thermistor 12, 14, 16, 18 measures the temperature of water at its mounting position.
  • the tank water circulation path 20 has an upstream end connected to the lower part of the tank 10 and a downstream end connected to the upper part of the tank 10.
  • a circulation pump 22 is interposed in the tank water circulation path 20.
  • the circulation pump 22 sends the water in the tank water circulation path 20 from the upstream side to the downstream side. Further, as described above, the tank water circulation path 20 passes through the three-fluid heat exchanger 58. Therefore, when the heat pump 50 is operated, the water in the tank water circulation path 20 is heated by the three-fluid heat exchanger 58. Accordingly, when the circulation pump 22 and the heat pump 50 are operated, the water in the lower part of the tank 10 is sent to the three-fluid heat exchanger 58 and heated, and the heated water is returned to the upper part of the tank 10.
  • the tank water circulation path 20 is a water path for storing heat in the tank 10.
  • the upstream end of the tap water introduction path 24 is connected to a tap water supply source 32.
  • the downstream side of the tap water introduction path 24 is branched into a first introduction path 24a and a second introduction path 24b.
  • the downstream end of the first introduction path 24 a is connected to the lower part of the tank 10.
  • the downstream end of the second introduction path 24 b is connected in the middle of the supply path 36.
  • a mixing valve 36a that adjusts the ratio of the flow rate of water flowing through the first introduction path 24a (that is, the supply path 36) and the flow rate of water flowing through the second introduction path 24b is disposed in the connection portion.
  • a check valve 26 is interposed in the first introduction path 24a.
  • a check valve 28 and a water amount sensor 30 are interposed in the second introduction path 24b. The water amount sensor 30 detects the flow rate of tap water flowing in the second introduction path 24b.
  • the upstream end of the supply path 36 is connected to the upper part of the tank 10.
  • the second introduction path 24 b of the tap water introduction path 24 is connected in the middle of the supply path 36.
  • a water amount sensor 34 is interposed in the supply passage 36 upstream from the connection portion with the second introduction passage 24b. The water amount sensor 34 detects the flow rate of water flowing in the supply path 36.
  • a burner heating device 81 is interposed in the supply path 36 on the downstream side of the connection portion with the second introduction path 24b. The burner heating device 81 heats the water in the supply path 36.
  • the downstream end of the supply path 36 is connected to a hot water tap 38.
  • the supply path 36 is provided with a bypass path 36 b that is a flow path that bypasses the burner heating device 81.
  • the bypass passage 36b is provided with a bypass control valve 36c for adjusting the opening degree of the bypass passage 36b.
  • the heating system 108 includes a cistern 70, a heating water circulation path 71, a burner heating device 82, and six heaters 76a, 76b, 76c, 76d, 76e, and 76f.
  • the heaters 76a to 76f may be simply referred to as the heater 76.
  • the heating water circulation path 71 includes a heating forward path 72, a heating return path 84, a regulating valve 90, a heat recovery path 88, a bypass path 94, and a circulation path 96.
  • the heating water circulation path 71 is a water path for circulating the water in the cistern 70. Water in the heating water circulation path 71 is heated by the burner heating device 82 and the three-fluid heat exchanger 58.
  • the systern 70 is a container with an open top, and stores water as a heat medium inside.
  • the downstream end of the circulation flow path 96 and the upstream end of the heating forward path 72 are connected to the cistern 70. Water flows from the circulation channel 96 into the cistern 70. Water in the cistern 70 is introduced into the heating forward path 72.
  • the heating forward path 72 has an upstream end connected to the cistern 70, and a downstream end branched into six and connected to the outlets of the respective heaters 76a to 76f.
  • a circulation pump 74 is interposed in the heating forward path 72.
  • the circulation pump 74 is a pump that sends water in the heating forward path 72 downstream.
  • the flow rate of the water circulating in the heating water circulation path 71 changes according to the number of heaters 76 that operate. That is, even if the number of rotations of the circulation pump 74 per unit time is constant, if the number of heaters 76 to be operated increases, the resistance of the heating forward path 72 decreases and the water circulating in the heating water circulation path 71 is reduced. The flow rate increases.
  • the flow rate of the water circulating in the heating water circulation path 71 increases as the number of the heaters 76 to be operated increases.
  • a burner heating device 82 is interposed in the heating forward path 72 upstream of the heaters 76a to 76f.
  • the burner heating device 82 heats the water in the heating forward path 72.
  • the operation of the burner heating device 82 is illustrated in FIGS.
  • the burner heating device 82 has a higher ability to heat water circulating in the heating water circulation path 71 than the heat pump 50. In other words, the burner heating device 82 has a larger heating amount per unit time than the heat pump 50.
  • the water heated by the burner heating device 82 is supplied to each of the heaters 76a to 76f.
  • a thermistor 78 is interposed on the downstream side of the burner heating device 82 in the heating forward path 72. The thermistor 78 measures the temperature of the water in the heating forward path 72 after passing through the burner heating device 82.
  • Each of the heaters 76a to 76f is a terminal for heating the living room using the heat of water supplied from the heating forward path 72. All the heaters 76a to 76f are arranged in parallel with each other. Water is supplied from the heating forward path 72 to each of the operating heaters 76a to 76f. On the other hand, water is not supplied from the heating forward path 72 to the heaters 76a to 76f that are stopped (not operating). When the water supplied from the heating forward path 72 is used for heating, it is deprived of heat and becomes relatively low temperature water. The relatively low-temperature water after being used for heating is introduced into the heating return path 84.
  • the heating return path 84 has six upstream ends that are branched into six and connected to the return ports of the heaters 76a to 76f, and the downstream ends are connected to the upstream end of the bypass path 94 and the upstream end of the heat recovery path 88.
  • a thermistor 86 is interposed in the heating return path 84. The thermistor 86 measures the temperature of water in the heating return path 84 (that is, the temperature of water fed to the three-fluid heat exchanger 58).
  • the heat recovery path 88 has an upstream end connected to the upstream end of the bypass path 94 and the downstream end of the heating return path 84, and a downstream end connected to the downstream end of the bypass path 94 and the upstream end of the circulation path 96.
  • the heat recovery path 88 passes through the three-fluid heat exchanger 58. Therefore, when the heat pump 50 is operated, the water in the heat recovery path 88 is heated by the three-fluid heat exchanger 58.
  • a thermistor 92 is interposed on the downstream side of the three-fluid heat exchanger 58 in the heat recovery path 88. The thermistor 92 measures the temperature of the water in the heat recovery path 88 after passing through the three-fluid heat exchanger 58.
  • the bypass path 94 has an upstream end connected to the downstream end of the heating return path 84 and the upstream end of the heat recovery path 88, and a downstream end connected to the downstream end of the heat recovery path 88 and the upstream end of the circulation path 96. That is, the bypass path 94 bypasses the upstream side and the downstream side of the three-fluid heat exchanger 58.
  • the regulating valve 90 is attached to a connecting portion between the downstream end of the heating return path 84, the upstream end of the heat recovery path 88, and the upstream end of the bypass path 94.
  • the regulating valve 90 changes the opening degree, thereby allowing the flow rate of water passing through the heat recovery path 88 (flow rate of water passing through the three-fluid heat exchanger 58) and the flow rate of water passing through the bypass path 94.
  • the ratio of can be changed.
  • a three-way valve is used as the regulating valve 90 of this embodiment.
  • the adjustment valve 90 can change the opening degree according to the number of heaters 76 to be operated. In the present embodiment, the adjustment valve 90 changes the opening degree so that the ratio of the flow rate of the water passing through the bypass 94 increases as the number of heaters 76 to be operated increases.
  • the upstream end of the circulation channel 96 is connected to the downstream end of the heat recovery path 88 and the downstream end of the bypass path 94, and the downstream end is connected to the cistern 70.
  • a thermistor 98 is interposed in the circulation channel 96. The thermistor 98 measures the temperature of water in the circulation channel 96.
  • the control device 100 is electrically connected to the hot water supply system 104, the heat pump system 106, and the heating system 108, and controls the operation of each component.
  • the hot water supply and heating system 2 can execute a heat storage operation, a hot water supply operation, and a heating operation. Hereinafter, each operation will be described.
  • the heat storage operation is an operation in which water in the tank 10 is heated by heat generated by the heat pump 50.
  • the solid line arrows in FIG. 1 indicate the refrigerant flow of the heat pump 50 and the water flow of the tank 10 during the heat storage operation.
  • the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit 52 passing through the three-fluid heat exchanger 58 becomes a high-temperature and high-pressure gas state.
  • the circulation pump 22 rotates, the water in the tank 10 circulates in the tank water circulation path 20. That is, the water existing in the lower part of the tank 10 is introduced into the tank water circulation path 20, and when the introduced water passes through the three-fluid heat exchanger 58, it is heated by the heat of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circulation path 52. The heated water is returned to the top of the tank 10. Thereby, hot water is stored in the tank 10.
  • a high temperature water layer is formed in the upper part of the tank 10, and a low temperature water layer is formed in the lower part.
  • the hot water supply operation is an operation for supplying water in the tank 10 to the hot water tap 38.
  • the broken line arrows in FIG. 1 indicate the flow of water in the tank 10 during the hot water supply operation.
  • the hot water supply operation can also be executed during the above heat storage operation.
  • the control device 100 opens the mixing valve 36a.
  • tap water flows into the lower part of the tank 10 from the tap water introduction path 24 (first introduction path 24 a) due to the water pressure from the tap water supply source 32.
  • the hot water in the upper part of the tank 10 is supplied to the hot water tap 38 via the supply path 36.
  • the control device 100 adjusts the mixing valve 36a to adjust the second introduction path. Tap water is introduced into the supply path 36 from 24b. Accordingly, the water supplied from the tank 10 and the tap water supplied from the second introduction path 24 b are mixed in the supply path 36.
  • the control apparatus 100 adjusts the opening ratio of the mixing valve 36a so that the temperature of the water supplied to the hot-water tap 38 matches the hot-water supply set temperature.
  • the control device 100 operates the burner heating device 81 when the temperature of the water supplied from the tank 10 to the supply path 36 is lower than the hot water supply set temperature.
  • the water passing through the supply path 36 is heated by the burner heating device 81.
  • the heated water is mixed with the water from the bypass passage 36 b whose opening degree is adjusted by the bypass control valve 36 c and supplied to the hot water tap 38.
  • the control device 100 controls the output of the burner heating device 81 so that the temperature of the water supplied to the hot-water tap 38 matches the hot-water supply set temperature.
  • the heating operation is an operation in which the room 76 is heated by operating the heater 76.
  • 2, 3 and 5 are flowcharts showing processing executed by the control device 100 during the heating operation.
  • FIG. 4 is a table showing the temperature ranges of TA, TB, and TC for each heating set temperature range, and the set values for a predetermined period. The heating set temperature, each temperature range of TA, TB, and TC, and the predetermined period will be described in detail later.
  • FIG. 6 shows the operation of each component during heating operation when only one heater 76a is operating. Solid arrows in FIG. 6 indicate the flow of the refrigerant in the heat pump 50 and the flow of water in the heating water circulation path 71.
  • FIG. 7 shows the operation of each component during the heating operation when the four heaters 76a to 76d are operating.
  • the control device 100 When the execution of the heating operation is instructed by the user, in S10 of FIG. 2, the control device 100 first adjusts the opening degree of the adjustment valve 90 according to the number of heaters 76 that are operated. Specifically, in S ⁇ b> 10, the control device 100 adjusts the opening degree of the adjustment valve 90 to an adjustment valve step that is preset according to the number of heaters 76 that are operated.
  • the control device 100 sets the heating set temperature.
  • the heating set temperature refers to the temperature of water to be supplied to the heater 76 (of the thermistor 78) in order to realize the operation temperature requested by the user based on the operation temperature requested by the user in each heater 76 that operates. Detection temperature).
  • the control device 100 calculates and sets the heating set temperature using a predetermined calculation formula based on the operation temperature requested by the user in each heater 76 that operates.
  • the control device 100 operates the circulation pump 74 at a predetermined rotational speed. By operating the circulation pump 74, water circulates in the above path.
  • the control device 100 starts burner temperature control (see FIG. 3). Furthermore, in subsequent S15, the control device 100 starts heat pump temperature control (see FIG. 5). Each content of the burner temperature control and the heat pump temperature control will be described in detail later.
  • the burner temperature control and the heat pump temperature control are started, the water circulating in the path is heated by at least one of the burner heating device 82 and the heat pump 50, and the heated water is supplied to the heater 76 that operates. Is done. The operating heater 76 heats the living room using the heat of the supplied water.
  • the control device 100 determines whether or not the number of operating heaters 76 has become zero. When the number of the operating heaters 76 is not 0, the control device 100 determines NO in S18 and returns to S10. In S10, the control apparatus 100 readjusts the opening degree of the adjustment valve 90 according to the number of the heaters 76 currently operating. In continuing S11, the control apparatus 100 sets heating setting temperature again based on the operating temperature which the user requested
  • the control device 100 determines YES in S18 and proceeds to S20. In S20, the control device 100 stops all the heat pump 50, the burner heating device 82, and the circulation pump 74 that are operating. When S20 ends, the heating operation ends.
  • the burner heating device 82 is operated so that the temperature of the water supplied to the heater 76 becomes the heating set temperature (for example, 40 ° C.) set in S11 of FIG.
  • This control is executed by the device 100.
  • the control device 100 executes the processes of S30 to S38.
  • the control device 100 monitors whether the detected temperature T1 of the thermistor 78 is equal to or lower than the heating set temperature ⁇ the first temperature range TA.
  • the first temperature range TA is a value related to the operating conditions of the burner heating device 82, and is predetermined for each heating set temperature range as shown in FIG.
  • 1st temperature range TA is 6 degreeC.
  • the control device 100 monitors that the detected temperature T1 of the thermistor 78 is equal to or lower than the heating set temperature ⁇ 6 ° C.
  • 1st temperature range TA is 18 degreeC.
  • the control device 100 monitors that the detected temperature T1 of the thermistor 78 is equal to or lower than the heating set temperature ⁇ 18 ° C.
  • the control device 100 determines YES in S30, and proceeds to S34.
  • the control device 100 monitors whether the detected temperature T1 of the thermistor 78 is lower than the heating set temperature-the second temperature range TB for a predetermined period.
  • the second temperature range TB and the predetermined period are values related to the operating conditions of the burner heating device 82 as in the case of the first temperature range TA, and as shown in FIG. It is predetermined every time.
  • the value of the second temperature range TB is smaller than the value of the first temperature range TA.
  • the predetermined period is 3 minutes.
  • the control device 100 monitors that the state where the detected temperature T1 of the thermistor 78 is the heating set temperature ⁇ 2 ° C. or less continues for 3 minutes.
  • heating preset temperature is 50 degreeC or more
  • 2nd temperature range TB is 6 degreeC and a predetermined period is 10 minutes.
  • the control device 100 monitors that the state where the detected temperature T1 of the thermistor 78 is equal to or lower than the heating set temperature ⁇ 6 ° C. continues for 10 minutes.
  • the control device 100 determines YES in S32 and proceeds to S34.
  • the control device 100 operates the burner heating device 82. Thereby, the water passing through the heating forward path 72 is heated by the burner heating device 82.
  • the detected temperature T1 of the thermistor 78 is equal to or lower than the heating set temperature-first temperature range TA (YES in S30), or the detected temperature T1 of the thermistor 78 is equal to or lower than the heating set temperature-second temperature range TB.
  • the burner heating device 82 is operated in S34.
  • the control device 100 proceeds to S36.
  • the control device 100 monitors that the detected temperature T1 of the thermistor 78 is equal to or higher than the heating set temperature + the third temperature range TC.
  • the third temperature range TC is a value related to the stop condition of the burner heating device 82, and is predetermined for each heating set temperature range as shown in FIG.
  • 3rd temperature range TC is 12 degreeC.
  • the control device 100 monitors whether the detected temperature T1 of the thermistor 78 is equal to or higher than the heating set temperature + 12 ° C.
  • 3rd temperature range TC is 5 degreeC.
  • the control device 100 monitors whether the detected temperature T1 of the thermistor 78 is equal to or higher than the heating set temperature + 5 ° C.
  • the control device 100 determines YES in S36 and proceeds to S38.
  • the control device 100 stops the burner heating device 82. Thereby, the water passing through the heating forward path 72 is not heated by the burner heating device 82. In this case, at this time, it means that the temperature of the water in the heating forward path 72 on the downstream side of the burner heating device 82 (that is, the water supplied to the heater 76) is higher than the heating set temperature. Therefore, it is not necessary to heat the water passing through the heating forward path 72 by the burner heating device 82 any more.
  • the control device 100 returns to S30. However, as described above, when the number of operating heaters 76 is 0 (YES in S18 of FIG. 2), the control device 100 causes the operating heat pump 50, burner heating device 82, and circulation pump 74 to operate. Are stopped (S20 in FIG. 2). In this case, the burner temperature control in FIG. 3 is also terminated.
  • the heat pump temperature control is a control executed by the control device 100 so that the temperature of the water discharged from the heat pump 50 becomes a target hot water temperature described later by operating the heat pump 50.
  • the control device 100 executes the processes of S50 to S60.
  • the control device 100 determines whether or not the detected temperature T2 of the thermistor 92 (the temperature of water sent from the three-fluid heat exchanger 58) is lower than the target hot water temperature + 1 ° C.
  • the target hot water temperature is the heating set temperature, the bypass ratio of the regulating valve 90 (the ratio of the water flowing in the bypass path 94 out of the water flowing in the heating water circulation path 71), and the detected temperature of the thermistor 86 (three-fluid heat)
  • the target temperature of the water after being heated by the three-fluid heat exchanger 58 calculated based on the temperature of the water fed into the exchanger 58).
  • the calculation formula for calculating the target hot water temperature is shown below the flowchart of FIG.
  • the control device 100 periodically calculates the target hot water temperature according to the calculation formula shown in FIG.
  • the target hot water temperature is calculated by a different calculation formula for each range of the heating set temperature.
  • the target hot water temperature is calculated by heating setting temperature ⁇ (1 + bypass ratio) ⁇ detected temperature of the thermistor 86 ⁇ bypass ratio.
  • the heating set temperature is 50 ° C. or higher, the heating set temperature ⁇ (1 + bypass ratio) ⁇ the detected temperature of the thermistor 86 ⁇ bypass ratio + 5 ° C. is calculated.
  • the control device 100 determines YES in S50, and proceeds to S52.
  • the control device 100 determines whether or not the detected temperature T3 of the thermistor 86 (the temperature of the water fed into the three-fluid heat exchanger 58) is lower than the target hot water temperature -3 ° C.
  • the control device 100 determines YES in S52, and proceeds to S54.
  • the control device 100 operates the heat pump 50. Thereby, the water passing through the heat recovery path 88 is heated by the heat of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circulation path 52 in the three-fluid heat exchanger 58.
  • the detected temperature T2 of the thermistor 92 is lower than the target hot water temperature + 1 ° C. (YES in S50)
  • the detected temperature T3 of the thermistor 86 is lower than the target hot water temperature -3 ° C. (YES in S52)
  • the heating water circulation path The water in 71 has not reached the water temperature required by the heater 76 at that time. Therefore, in this embodiment, the heat pump 50 is operated in S54.
  • the control device 100 proceeds to S56 and S58.
  • the control device 100 monitors whether the detected temperature T2 of the thermistor 92 is equal to or higher than a predetermined upper limit temperature (eg, 57 ° C.). When the detected temperature T2 of the thermistor 92 is 57 ° C. or higher, the control device 100 determines YES in S56, and proceeds to S60.
  • a predetermined upper limit temperature eg, 57 ° C.
  • the control device 100 monitors whether the detected temperature T3 of the thermistor 86 is equal to or higher than the target hot water temperature. If the detected temperature T3 of the thermistor 86 is equal to or higher than the target hot water temperature, the control device 100 determines YES in S58, and proceeds to S60.
  • the control device 100 stops the heat pump 50. Thereby, the water passing through the heat recovery path 88 is not heated by the heat of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circulation path 52 in the three-fluid heat exchanger 58.
  • the detected temperature T2 of the thermistor 92 is 57 ° C.
  • the heat pump 50 is stopped in S60.
  • the control device 100 returns to S50.
  • the control device 100 causes the operating heat pump 50, burner heating device 82, and circulation pump 74 to operate. Are stopped (S20 in FIG. 2). In this case, the heat pump temperature control in FIG. 4 is also terminated.
  • the control device 100 first sets the adjustment valve The opening of 90 is adjusted so that the total amount of water circulating in the heating water circulation path 71 passes through the heat recovery path 88 (three-fluid heat exchanger 58) and does not pass through the bypass path 94 at all (FIG. 2). S10).
  • the control device 100 sets the heating set temperature based on the operating temperature requested by the user in the heater 76a (S11 in FIG. 2). In this example, the case where the heating set temperature is set to 40 ° C. at this point will be described as an example.
  • the control device 100 operates the circulation pump 74 (S12 in FIG. 2).
  • the control device 100 operates the heat pump 50 in addition to the burner heating device 82 (S54 in FIG. 5). As a result, as shown in FIG. 6, the water circulating through the path is heated by the burner heating device 82 when passing through the heating forward path 72, and three-fluid heat exchange is performed when passing through the heat recovery path 88.
  • the vessel 58 it is heated by the heat of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit 52.
  • water that has been heated using both the burner heating device 82 and the heat pump 50 is supplied to one heater 76a that is operating.
  • the heater 76a uses the heat of the supplied water to heat the living room.
  • the control device 100 stops the burner heating device 82 (S38 of FIG. 3). ).
  • the heat pump 50 continues to operate. Therefore, the temperature of the water of each part in the water circulation path 71 for heating rises further.
  • the detected temperature T2 of the thermistor 92 becomes equal to or higher than the upper limit temperature (eg, 57 ° C.) (YES in S56 of FIG. 5), or the detected temperature T3 of the thermistor 86 becomes higher than the target hot water temperature (FIG. 5). If YES in S58, the heat pump 50 is also stopped (S60 in FIG. 5). In this case, the heater 76a heats the room using the remaining heat of the water circulating in the heating water circulation path 71.
  • the temperature of the water circulating in the heating water circulation path 71 gradually decreases.
  • the detected temperature T2 of the thermistor 92 is again lower than the target hot water temperature + 1 ° C. (YES in S50 of FIG. 5)
  • the detected temperature T3 of the thermistor 86 is again lower than the target hot water temperature -3 ° C. (FIG. 5)
  • the heat pump 50 is actuated again (S54 in FIG. 5). Thereby, the water passing through the heat recovery path 88 is heated again by the heat pump 50.
  • the control device 100 This causes the temperature of the water in each part in the heating water circuit 71 to rise again.
  • the detected temperature T2 of the thermistor 92 becomes equal to or higher than the upper limit temperature (YES in S56 of FIG. 5), or the detected temperature T3 of the thermistor 86 becomes equal to or higher than the target hot water temperature (YES in S58 of FIG. 5).
  • the heat pump 50 is stopped again (S60 in FIG. 5).
  • stable heating operation can be continued while repeating the operation and stop of the heat pump 50.
  • the heat pump 50 is operated with priority over the burner heating device 82, an economical heating operation with good energy efficiency is realized.
  • the control device 100 adjusts the opening degree of the regulating valve 90, and a part of the water circulating in the heating water circulation path 71 becomes a heat recovery path 88 (three-fluid heat exchanger 58). And the other part passes through the bypass 94 (YES in S16 of FIG. 2, NO in S18, and S10).
  • the control device 100 sets the heating set temperature based on the operation temperature requested by the user in each of the heaters 76a to 76d (S11 in FIG. 2). In this example, the case where the heating set temperature is reset to 45 ° C. at this time will be described as an example.
  • the control device 100 continues to operate the circulation pump 74 (S12 in FIG. 2).
  • the control device 100 operates the heat pump 50 (S54 in FIG. 5).
  • the temperature of the water fed to the heaters 76a to 76d (the detected temperature T1 of the thermistor 78) is heated despite the heat pump 50 being operated. There is a possibility that the set temperature will not be reached. In addition, the operation of the heat pump 50 may cause a situation in which the detected temperature T1 of the thermistor 78 does not drop to a temperature equal to or lower than the heating set temperature ⁇ TA.
  • a state in which the detected temperature T1 of the thermistor 78 is lower than the heating set temperature but is stable at an intermediate temperature that is higher than the heating set temperature ⁇ TA or less at which the burner heating device 82 immediately operates is as follows. Then, it is called “low temperature stable state”.
  • the heaters 76a to 76d cannot appropriately execute the heating operation requested by the user.
  • the control device 100 detects that the detected temperature T1 of the thermistor 78 is higher than the heating set temperature ⁇ TA (NO in S30 of FIG. 3), but remains lower than the heating set temperature ⁇ TB for 3 minutes. (YES in S32 in FIG. 3), the burner heating device 82 is operated (S34 in FIG. 3). As a result, water that has been heated using both the burner heating device 82 and the heat pump 50 is supplied to the four heaters 76a to 76d that are operating. The heaters 76a to 76d use the heat of the supplied water to heat the living room. Due to the operation of the burner heating device 82, the temperature of the water fed into the heaters 76a to 76d quickly reaches the heating set temperature. As a result, the heaters 76a to 76d can resolve the low temperature stable state at an early stage and appropriately execute the heating operation requested by the user.
  • the control device 100 is stable when the temperature T1 detected by the thermistor 78 is higher than the heating set temperature ⁇ TA even though the heat pump 50 is operating (low temperature stable state). Even in such a case, the burner heating device 82 can be operated if the detected temperature T1 of the thermistor 78 is lower than the heating set temperature -TB for a predetermined period (3 minutes). Therefore, it is possible to prevent the low temperature stable state from continuing for a long period of time and insufficient heating operation from continuing. According to the hot water supply and heating system 2 of the present embodiment, in the hot water supply and heating system including both the heat pump 50 and the burner heating device 82 as heat sources, the burner heating device 82 can be appropriately operated to appropriately perform the heating operation.
  • each process in the heating operation when the heating set temperature is set to 50 ° C. or higher as a result of increase / decrease of the operating heater 76 or the operation by the user is also when the heating set temperature is 40 ° C. or 45 ° C. Is almost the same.
  • the heating range is set to 40 when the values of the temperature ranges TA, TB, and TC specified by S30, S32, and S36 in FIG. It differs from the case of 45 degreeC (refer FIG. 4).
  • the calculation formula for calculating the target hot water temperature used in S50, S52, and S54 of FIG. 5 is also different from the case where the heating set temperatures are 40 ° C. and 45 ° C. (see FIG. 5).
  • the detected temperature T1 of the thermistor 78 is higher than the heating set temperature ⁇ TA (NO in S30 of FIG. 3) and remains lower than the heating set temperature ⁇ TB for a predetermined period.
  • the burner heating device 82 is operated (S34 in FIG. 3). Therefore, for example, the temperature of the water supplied to the heater 76 does not reach the heating set temperature even though the heat pump 50 is operating during the heating operation, and the heat pump 50 is operating.
  • the detected temperature T1 of the thermistor 78 is set to the heating set temperature. If the state lower than ⁇ TB continues for a predetermined period, the burner heating device 82 can be operated. Therefore, it is possible to eliminate the low temperature stable state at an early stage and prevent the insufficient heating operation from continuing.
  • the burner heating device 82 in the hot water supply and heating system including both the heat pump 50 and the burner heating device 82 as heat sources, the burner heating device 82 can be appropriately operated to appropriately perform the heating operation.
  • the heating set temperature is lower than 50 ° C.
  • the heating set temperature is low (for example, lower than 50 ° C.)
  • the heat radiation of the temperature of the water close to the heating set temperature is higher than when the heating set temperature is high (for example, 50 ° C. or higher). Because it takes a long time, it is required to operate the burner heating device 82 relatively early.
  • a smaller first temperature range TA is defined as compared with the case where the heating set temperature is 50 ° C. or higher. Yes.
  • a smaller second temperature range TB is defined as compared with the case where the heating set temperature is 50 ° C. or higher.
  • a shorter predetermined period is set as compared with the case where the heating set temperature is 50 ° C. or higher. Therefore, in this embodiment, when the heating set temperature is lower than 50 ° C., the control device 100 determines YES in S30 in FIG. 3 or S32 in FIG.
  • the burner heating device 82 is easy to operate. That is, in the present embodiment, the burner heating device 82 can be appropriately operated according to the heating set temperature. As a result, the hot water supply / heating system 2 of the present embodiment can also meet the above-described requirements.
  • the heating set temperature is 50 ° C. or higher
  • the heating operation of the temperature requested by the user at the heater 76 is more rapid than when the heating set temperature is lower than 50 ° C.
  • the demand to be realized is weak. This is because when the heating set temperature is high (for example, 50 ° C. or higher), the heat dissipation of the temperature of the water close to the heating set temperature is higher than when the heating set temperature is low (for example, lower than 50 ° C.). This is because it does not take time, and even if the burner heating device 82 is stopped relatively early, there is little inconvenience for the user.
  • the heating set temperature is 50 ° C.
  • a small third temperature width T3 is defined as compared with the case where the heating set temperature is lower than 50 ° C. . Therefore, in this embodiment, when the heating set temperature is 50 ° C. or higher, the control device 100 can easily determine YES in S36 of FIG. 3 as compared with the case where the heating set temperature is lower than 50 ° C. That is, in the present embodiment, the control device 100 makes it easier for the burner heating device 82 to stop when the heating set temperature is 50 ° C. or higher than when the heating set temperature is lower than 50 ° C. The burner heating device 82 can be stopped relatively early. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the burner heating device 82 can be appropriately stopped according to the heating set temperature.
  • the target hot water temperature (S50, S52, S58 in FIG. 5) is used when the heating set temperature is 50 ° C. or higher and when the heating set temperature is lower than 50 ° C.
  • the calculation formula used for calculating the reference is different. Therefore, in this embodiment, the target hot water temperature when the heating set temperature is 50 ° C. or higher is at least 5 ° C. higher than the target hot water temperature calculated by the calculation formula when the heating set temperature is lower than 50 ° C. Become. Therefore, in this embodiment, when the heating set temperature is 50 ° C. or higher, the control device 100 can make the temperature range in which the heat pump operates relatively higher than when the heating set temperature is lower than 50 ° C. .
  • the heat pump 50 can be appropriately activated and stopped according to the heating set temperature.
  • the heat pump 50 and the burner heating device 82 of this embodiment are examples of a “heat pump unit” and a “burner unit”, respectively.
  • the thermistor 78 is an example of a “temperature sensor”.
  • the control device 100 is an example of “setting means” and “control means”.
  • the temperature ranges TA, TB, and TC shown in FIG. 4 are examples of “first predetermined temperature”, “second predetermined temperature”, and “third predetermined temperature”, respectively.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
PCT/JP2013/071405 2012-09-04 2013-08-07 暖房システム WO2014038339A1 (ja)

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EP3112767A1 (de) * 2015-07-03 2017-01-04 Robert Bosch Gmbh Anlage zur aufbereitung von heissem sanitärwasser
EP3786533A1 (en) 2019-08-27 2021-03-03 Stephen William John Grant Auxiliary heater

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JP6468814B2 (ja) * 2014-11-14 2019-02-13 リンナイ株式会社 暖房装置
JP6471052B2 (ja) * 2015-06-22 2019-02-13 リンナイ株式会社 暖房装置
CN106403297B (zh) * 2015-07-31 2019-11-05 青岛经济技术开发区海尔热水器有限公司 一种热水器的控制方法及热水器
JP6507079B2 (ja) * 2015-10-30 2019-04-24 リンナイ株式会社 暖房システム
JP6738677B2 (ja) * 2016-07-12 2020-08-12 リンナイ株式会社 暖房システム
CN109564008A (zh) * 2016-07-26 2019-04-02 株式会社能率 供暖热水供给装置
JP6836883B2 (ja) * 2016-11-08 2021-03-03 リンナイ株式会社 暖房システム
FR3065515B1 (fr) * 2017-04-20 2019-09-27 Boostheat Chaudiere thermodynamique a co2 et compresseur thermique

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EP3112767A1 (de) * 2015-07-03 2017-01-04 Robert Bosch Gmbh Anlage zur aufbereitung von heissem sanitärwasser
FR3038367A1 (fr) * 2015-07-03 2017-01-06 Bosch Gmbh Robert Installation de preparation d'eau chaude sanitaire
EP3786533A1 (en) 2019-08-27 2021-03-03 Stephen William John Grant Auxiliary heater
GB2595429A (en) * 2019-08-27 2021-12-01 William John Grant Stephen Auxiliary heater

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JP2014048035A (ja) 2014-03-17
KR20150013341A (ko) 2015-02-04
JP5636406B2 (ja) 2014-12-03

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