WO2014036883A1 - 永磁叠层电机 - Google Patents

永磁叠层电机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014036883A1
WO2014036883A1 PCT/CN2013/081635 CN2013081635W WO2014036883A1 WO 2014036883 A1 WO2014036883 A1 WO 2014036883A1 CN 2013081635 W CN2013081635 W CN 2013081635W WO 2014036883 A1 WO2014036883 A1 WO 2014036883A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
stator
axial
permanent magnet
rotor
rotating shaft
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2013/081635
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
魏乐汉
陈墨泉
张冰毅
Original Assignee
Wei Lehan
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wei Lehan filed Critical Wei Lehan
Priority to JP2015528854A priority Critical patent/JP6068644B2/ja
Priority to US14/425,952 priority patent/US9812937B2/en
Priority to EP13835831.2A priority patent/EP2894771B1/en
Publication of WO2014036883A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014036883A1/zh

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K16/00Machines with more than one rotor or stator
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2793Rotors axially facing stators
    • H02K1/2795Rotors axially facing stators the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2796Rotors axially facing stators the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets where both axial sides of the rotor face a stator
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/24Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets axially facing the armatures, e.g. hub-type cycle dynamos

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a permanent magnet motor, and more particularly to a permanent magnet laminated motor having an axial magnetic circuit. Background technique
  • the structure of the generator is cylindrical, the cylindrical rotor and the cylindrical stator are coaxial, and the output is convenient, and the armature is generally used as a stator.
  • the specific power of this type of generator (power delivered per unit of motor weight) is approximately 0.2 kW/kg, and that for aerospace generators is up to 0.5 kW/kg.
  • the size of such existing electric machines is usually large, and it is often required to consume a large amount of raw materials in manufacturing, and the utilization rate of the silicon steel sheets is not high, and thus it is uneconomical; for example, the motors described in the patent documents ZL871083191 and ZL201110104458.8, Among them, the rotor magnets are attached to both sides of the rotor disk, which greatly increases the volume of the motor; Moreover, the conventional stator windings are wound in the wire grooves on the silicon steel sheet, which reduces the utilization of the silicon steel sheet. rate.
  • the present invention is directed to a permanent magnet laminated motor to reduce the weight of the motor and reduce the volume of the motor, thereby increasing the specific power.
  • a permanent magnet laminated motor according to the present invention includes:
  • N+1 rotor units and n spacer rings fitted on the outer edge of the rotating shaft and axially compressed are alternately fastened in sequence;
  • two fastening sleeves are respectively attached to the outer edges of the rotating shaft and respectively adhered to the outermost two a magnetically permeable ring on the outer side of the rotor unit;
  • stator units respectively correspondingly disposed on one outer edge of the spacer ring, each of the stator units having the same axial air gap between the adjacent rotor units, and n the stator units
  • a plurality of mounting screws are axially fixedly connected to the two end plates;
  • each of the rotor units comprises:
  • a rotor disk having 2p axial through holes uniformly distributed on one end of the end face; 2p magnets respectively tightly fitted into the axial through hole, the magnetization directions of the 2p magnets are parallel to the rotation axis, and the polarities of 2p of the magnets are alternately arranged along the index circle;
  • the corresponding magnets of the n+1 of the rotor units are aligned with each other along the extending direction of the rotating shaft, and the magnetic lines of force of the mutually aligned magnets are in the same direction, and n, p are natural numbers.
  • each of the stator units includes:
  • stator frame composed of a pair of stator substrates arranged in parallel and mirror images of each other, sleeved on an outer edge of the spacer ring; sandwiched between a pair of the stator substrates and uniformly distributed on the index circle 2p cores;
  • a coil is wound around the outer edge of each of the cores.
  • the surface of the stator substrate is provided with 2p stepped holes which are evenly distributed on the indexing circle for inserting a core around which the coil is wound.
  • the outer edge of the core is set as a stepped surface, and an outer diameter of both ends of the core is smaller than an outer diameter of the middle portion, and is small with a stepped hole on the stator substrate.
  • the inner diameter is matched, the coil is wound on the middle portion of the iron core, and the axial thickness of the coil is matched with the axial thickness of the middle portion of the iron core, and the outer diameter of the coil is larger than the stepped hole on the stator substrate
  • the inner diameter matches.
  • one end of the rotating shaft is provided with a plate which is perpendicular to the rotating shaft and integrally formed, and the outer edge of the other end of the rotating shaft is provided with a thread, the magnetic conducting ring, the rotor unit and the spacing
  • the ring is axially compressed integrally with the backing plate by a lock nut.
  • the end surface of the backing plate is provided with a plurality of axial lining ventilation holes uniformly distributed on the same circumference;
  • the end surface of the rotor disk is provided with a plurality of axial rotor vents uniformly distributed on the same circumference;
  • the end surface of the magnetic flux ring is provided with a plurality of axial magnetic flux vents uniformly distributed on the same circumference;
  • the end surface of the spacer ring is provided with a plurality of spacer ring axial ventilation holes uniformly distributed on the same circumference, and the outer edge of the spacer ring is provided with a plurality of spacer ring diameters communicating with the axial ventilation holes of the spacer ring. Ventilation hole;
  • a plurality of axial end plate vent holes are evenly distributed on the end faces of the end plates.
  • a plurality of substrate mounting holes for penetrating the mounting screw are provided at an edge of the stator substrate, and a pair of stator substrates in each of the stator units are The substrate mounting hole is concentrically glued with an in-frame gasket.
  • a plurality of end plate mounting holes for penetrating the mounting screw are provided at an edge of the end plate, and the stator unit and the end plate are provided with the Concentric spacers for the end plate mounting holes.
  • the magnet and the iron core have a cylindrical shape, a polygonal prism shape, an elliptical cylindrical shape or a sector cylindrical shape.
  • the specific power of the motor of the invention is much larger than that of the ordinary drum motor and the disc motor, and the weight of the motor is reduced, the volume is reduced, the utilization rate of the silicon steel sheet is improved, and the consumption of the structural material is effectively reduced.
  • the self-cooling effect of the present invention is good; especially for material saving and weight reduction of large motors (especially for large wind turbines), the motor of the present invention is particularly suitable for vehicles.
  • Figure 1 is an axial cross-sectional view of a permanent magnet laminated motor of the present invention
  • Figure 2 (a) is a front elevational view showing the structure of the rotor unit of the present invention
  • Figure 2 (b) is an axial sectional view of the rotor unit of the present invention
  • Figure 3 (a) is a front view showing the structure of a stator substrate in the present invention.
  • Figure 3 (b) is an axial cross-sectional view of the stator substrate of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 (a) is a front elevational view showing the structure of the stator unit of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 (b) is an axial sectional view of the stator unit of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 (a) is a front view showing the structure of a core and a coil in the present invention.
  • Figure 5 (b) is an axial sectional view of the iron core and the coil of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 (a) is a front view showing the structure of the spacer ring of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 (b) is a bottom plan view showing the structure of the spacer ring of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 (c) is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the spacer ring perpendicular to the axis in the present invention
  • Figure 6 (d) is an axial cross-sectional view of the spacer ring of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 (a) is a front view showing the structure of a magnetic flux ring in the present invention.
  • Figure 7 (b) is an axial cross-sectional view of the magnetic flux ring of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 (a) is a front view showing the structure of the end plate of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 8 (a);
  • Figure 8 (c) is a front elevational view of the structure in which the end plates of the present invention are rotated through 90;
  • Figure 8 (d) is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of Figure 8 (c);
  • Figure 9 (a) is a side view showing the structure of a hollow shaft in the present invention.
  • Figure 9 (b) is an axial cross-sectional view of the hollow shaft of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 (a) - (c) is a schematic view showing the stagger of each stator unit core in Embodiment 1 of the present invention, wherein Figure 10 (a) shows the position of the core on the first stator unit and the position of the magnet of the rotor unit. The difference is set to 0°, Figure 10 (b) The position of all the cores on the second stator unit is rotated by 15 ° along the indexing circle. Figure 10 (c) shows that the positions of all the cores on the third stator unit are rotated by 30° along the indexing circle. detailed description
  • the present invention is a permanent magnet laminated motor, which mainly comprises: two end plates 15 and 16 arranged in parallel, rotatably disposed at two ends by two bearings 2, 3
  • the rotating shaft 1 between the plates 15 and 16 is alternately fastened to n+1 rotor units and n spacer rings which are sleeved on the outer edge of the rotating shaft 1, and two fastening sleeves are arranged on the outer edge of the rotating shaft 1 and respectively abut the most
  • the outer side of the outer two rotor units, the magnetic rings 6, 7 and the n respectively correspondingly arranged on the outer edge of a spacer ring, wherein each stator unit has the same relationship with the adjacent rotor unit
  • the axial air gap 40, and the edge of the stator unit is axially fixedly connected to the two end plates 15, 16 by a plurality of mounting screws, n being a natural number.
  • One end of the rotating shaft 1 is provided with a supporting plate 4 which is formed integrally with the rotating shaft 1 and is integrally formed.
  • the end surface of the supporting plate 4 is provided with a plurality of axial louvers venting holes uniformly distributed on the same circumference; FIG. 9( a )
  • three backing plate vents 87, 88, 89 are provided on the backing plate 4; as shown in Fig. 9(b), in order to reduce the weight, the rotating shaft 1 in this embodiment is hollow. .
  • the magnetically permeable ring 6, 7, the rotor unit 11, 12, 13, 14 and the spacer ring 8, 9, 10 can be made by tightening the lock nut 5
  • the axial compression is a solid unit with the magnetically permeable ring 6 abutting against the plate 4.
  • the axial sway of each of the rotor units 11, 12, 13, 14 during rotation can be minimized, so that the air gap can be reduced to increase the air gap magnetic flux density;
  • Another important function of the plate 4 and the lock nut 5 is to prevent the respective stator units 37, 38, 39 and the spacer rings 8, 9, 10 from sliding axially on the rotating shaft 1; in particular, due to the magnet-to-stator iron on the rotor The suction on both sides of the core is impossible to balance completely, so this axial sliding is inevitable and must be prevented.
  • stator unit and the rotor unit are attracted together, and the rotor is integrated (ie, the sum of all moving parts, including The rotor unit, spacer ring, magnetically permeable ring, shaft, bearing and lock nut) will not rotate.
  • the outer edge of the rotating shaft 1 is provided with a keyway 90, and the magnetic conducting rings 6, 7, the rotor units 11, 12, 13, 14 and the spacer rings 8, 9, 10 also have corresponding keyways (Fig.
  • the rotating shaft 1 is provided with rotating shaft steps 91 and 92 respectively respectively against the inner edges of the bearings 2 and 3, and the function is to prevent the rotating shaft 1 axial sliding between the bearings 2, 3, in addition, because the bearings 2, 3 are subjected to a certain axial force, Therefore, deep groove bearings 2, 3 are used.
  • each rotor unit includes: a rotor disk 25 and 2p tightly mounted on the rotor disk 25 and evenly distributed on the index circle 49.
  • a magnet wherein the magnet-mounted rotor disk 25 is made of a low-density insulating material or a high-resistance material having a high mechanical strength, such as an epoxy plate, which is in the shape of a disk, and has a shaft hole and a keyway in the center for the shaft 1
  • the magnetization direction of 2p magnets is parallel to the rotating shaft 1
  • the polarity of 2p magnets Arranged along the indexing circle 49, the corresponding magnets on each rotor unit are aligned with each other in the direction of the rotating shaft 1, and the magnetic lines of the opposite magnets are in the same direction, and p is a natural number.
  • the shape of the magnet may be a cylindrical shape, a polygonal prism shape, an elliptical cylindrical shape or a sector cylindrical shape.
  • the present invention shortens the magnetic circuit and reduces leakage as compared with the prior art in which the magnet is attached to both sides of the substrate (for example, patent documents ZL871083191, ZL201110104458.8). Magnetic, and the magnetoresistance and the volume of the motor are reduced. At the same time, the rotor substrate of the prior art is too thin, and the strength is insufficient, and if it is too thick, the weight is too heavy, and the present invention does not have such a problem.
  • each of the rotor disk 25 has a plurality of axial rotor vents uniformly distributed on the same circumference (the circumference is located in the index circle 49), as shown in Fig. 2 (a). Rotor vents 17, 18, 19 in the middle.
  • the magnetically permeable rings 6, 7 abut against the outer sides of the two rotor units 11, 14, respectively, with a shaft hole and a keyway in the center for fixed connection with the rotating shaft 1, the diameter of which completely covers the rotor unit
  • the upper magnets are used; the magnetically permeable rings 6, 7 are made of a highly magnetically permeable material, and the magnetically permeable rings 6, 7 are automatically attached to the rotor units 11, 14 at both ends due to the attraction of the magnets.
  • the magnetic flux rings 6, 7 can cause magnetic lines of force to return through the magnetically permeable ring between adjacent magnets to form a closed loop of low reluctance, so that the reluctance is mainly generated in the air gap 40 between the stator unit and the rotor unit,
  • the magnetic circuit is very short and the magnetic resistance is small. That is to say, in the circuit of the magnetic field line of the present invention, except for the working air gap, the magnetic lines of force pass through the material of low reluctance, which is compared with the prior art.
  • the magnetic flux ring which causes the magnetic field lines to return in the air or the stator, significantly increases the magnetic flux density in the air gap (in the prototype of the present invention, the measured magnetic flux density in the working air gap is greater than 1.2T , this is a very high value).
  • the end faces of the magnetic rings 6, 7 are also provided with a plurality of axial magnetic flux vents evenly distributed on the same circumference (the circumference is located in the index circle 49), as shown in FIG. (a)
  • the magnetic flux ring vents 71, 72, 73 are also provided with a plurality of axial magnetic flux vents evenly distributed on the same circumference (the circumference is located in the index circle 49), as shown in FIG. (a)
  • the magnetic flux ring vents 71, 72, 73 are also provided with a plurality of axial magnetic flux vents evenly distributed on the same circumference (the circumference is located in the index circle 49), as shown in FIG. (a)
  • the magnetic flux ring vents 71, 72, 73 are also provided
  • the spacer rings 8, 9, 10 are made of low-density plastic or epoxy plates in the shape of a pie, with a shaft hole and a keyway in the center for fixed connection with the shaft 1; the spacer rings 8, 9, 10 function to make A fixed space is left between adjacent two rotor units for inserting the stator units 37, 38, 39; likewise, for ventilation and weight reduction, in the spacer ring (Fig.
  • a plurality of spacer ring axial vents 84, 85, 86 are provided on the end face uniformly distributed on the same circumference, and a plurality of spacer rings are provided on the outer edge of the spacer ring Spacer vents 84, 82, 83 are interconnected by axial vents 84, 85, 86.
  • each stator unit includes: a stator frame composed of a pair of stator substrates arranged in parallel and mirror images of each other (such as the stator substrates 31 , 32 of the stator unit 37 in FIG. 1 , The stator substrates 33, 34 of the stator unit 38, the stator substrates 35, 36) of the stator unit 39, 2p iron cores sandwiched between the stator substrates and evenly distributed on the index circle 49, and wound around the respective cores The coil of the edge, where p is a natural number.
  • each stator substrate is a polygon having a circular hole 30 in the center, and the diameter of the circular hole 30 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the spacer rings 8, 9, 10, and the spacer ring 8, 9, 10 does not rub against the stator frame when rotating.
  • the axial thickness of the stator elements 37, 38, 39 is less than the axial thickness of the spacer rings 8, 9, 10 (the axial thickness of the spacer ring is equal to the sum of the axial thickness of the stator unit plus the thickness of the double air gap 40) So that there is an air gap 40 between the stator unit and the adjacent rotor unit, the size of the air gap 40 is not to rub the stator unit when rotating; the iron core corresponds to the magnet on the rotor unit, the iron core The axis is parallel to the axis of rotation 1.
  • the stator substrate 31 is exemplified as a square structure, and the material is an insulator having high mechanical strength or a high resistivity material;
  • the surface of the 31 is provided with eight stepped holes 50 for inserting the core 46 and the coil 41, which are evenly distributed on the indexing circle 49; substrate mounting holes 26, 27, 28 are respectively disposed at four corners of the stator substrate 31. 29.
  • Four in-frame washers are bonded concentrically with the substrate mounting holes between a pair of stator substrates in each stator unit (such as the in-frame washer 61 of the stator unit 37 in FIG.
  • stator units can be fastened by the four mounting screws (represented by the mounting screws 74, 75 in Fig. 1) through the substrate mounting holes and the above-mentioned frame washers. .
  • each core Since the ends of each core are in close proximity to the magnet, and the magnet suction at both ends may not be completely equal, each core may be subjected to a large axial force, which may easily cause axial turbulence of the core, and such ⁇ Action must also be prevented.
  • ⁇ Action In order to prevent the axial movement of the iron core, as shown in FIGS.
  • the outer edge of the iron core 46 is set as the stepped surface 20
  • the outer diameter of both ends of the iron core 46 is smaller than the outer diameter of the middle portion, and matches the smaller inner diameter of the stepped hole 50 on the stator substrate
  • the coil 41 is wound on the middle portion of the outer diameter of the iron core 46, and the coil 41
  • the axial thickness is matched with the axial thickness of the middle section, and the outer diameter of the coil 41 is matched with the larger inner diameter of the stepped hole 50 on the stator substrate, thereby effectively preventing the axial movement of the iron core and also providing the stator frame. Sufficient axial stiffness.
  • the iron cores 46, 47, and 48 are all made of columnar silicon steel cores, and the iron core is highly utilized in the magnetic circuit, that is, all the iron cores can participate in magnetic conduction; to minimize eddy currents.
  • the plane of the silicon steel sheet is parallel to the axis of rotation 1, ie The normal of the plane of the steel sheet is perpendicular to the rotating shaft 1; in addition, in order to provide the largest possible winding space, the coils 41, 42, 43 are directly wound on the cores 46, 47, 48, and only between the coil and the iron core Separated by a thin insulating layer (not shown), the coil and the core of the present invention are not only greatly improved as compared with the prior art in which the coil is wound in a radial groove of the cored steel sheet.
  • the utilization rate of the silicon steel sheet also simplifies the processing technology of the silicon steel sheet, reduces the scrap rate and manufacturing cost of the silicon steel sheet; meanwhile, the stator frame composed of the stator substrate replaces the skeleton of the conventional stator structure, thereby reducing the motor
  • the weight and volume, and the number of coil turns are obtained as much as possible, which ensures the axial bending strength of the stator unit and facilitates heat dissipation.
  • the electromotive force outputted from the tip A1 and the tip A8 is 2p times the electromotive force in the single coil, and the sum of the electromotive forces in the S coils, and the internal resistance is also the sum of the internal resistances of the 8 coils.
  • the stator unit of the above structure can achieve the following four purposes: sufficient winding space; weight reduction; easy ventilation and cooling; sufficient axial bending strength.
  • three stator units 37, 38, 39 are used, and it is possible to form three-phase electric power which is normally different from each other by 120°.
  • the positions of the stepped holes 50 of the stator units 37, 38, 39 are shifted from each other (the position of the substrate mounting holes on each stator substrate is good), as shown in FIG. 10, the subunit is set.
  • the positions of all the iron cores 46 on the 37 overlap with the magnet positions of the rotor unit, that is, the difference in position between the two on the index circle 49 is 0°, and the positions of all the iron cores 47 of the stator unit 38 are rotated along the index circle 49.
  • the end plates 15, 16 are made of a lightweight material, and the end faces of the end faces are provided with bearing seats 55 for inserting the bearings 2, 3, so that the rotating shaft 1 is at the end plate 15,
  • the bearing housing 55 of the 16 rotates;
  • the end plates 15, 16 are also provided with a plurality of axial end plate venting holes, such as the end plate venting holes 51, 52, 53, 54 in Fig. 8 (a).
  • End plate mounting holes 56, 57, 58, 59 corresponding to the positions of the substrate mounting holes 26, 27, 28, 29 of the stator unit are provided at the four corners of the end plates 15, 16 by using four mounting screws (Fig.
  • the upper mounting screws 74, 75 are representative), the eight long washers (represented by the long washers 64, 65 in Fig. 1) between the stator units 37, 39 and the end plates 15, 16 respectively, the stator units 37, 38 8 inter-frame washers between 39 (represented by the inter-frame washers 66, 67 in Figure 1), and 8 mounting nuts (represented by mounting nuts 76, 77, 78, 79 in Figure 1),
  • the stator unit, the end plate, the mounting screw, the inner frame washer, the inter-frame washer and the long washer are locked into a solid whole, and the motor has a polygonal prism shape and no outer casing, which has a cylindrical outer casing in the prior art.
  • the position of the iron core on each of the above stator units is in a straight line parallel to the rotating shaft 1 in the axial direction, so that a single-phase electric power can be obtained; but the cogging torque of this structure is large, and the stator unit is not as good as the starting unit of the motor. It is convenient to stagger.
  • the rotor unit rotates to generate single-phase or multi-phase alternating current in the coil of the stator unit; when used as a motor, the multi-phase alternating current is supplied to the coil of the stator unit, and the rotor unit rotates synchronously.
  • the advantage of the motor of the invention is that the power to weight ratio is large, the volume is small, the mechanism is compact, and the utilization rate of the silicon steel sheet exceeds 95%.
  • the power-to-weight ratio of the generator is 200 watts/kg, and the aerospace generator can reach 500 watts/kg.
  • the actual power-to-weight ratio of the present invention has exceeded 800 watts/kg, which not only saves copper and iron, but also Sea, land and air traffic is particularly meaningful.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)

Abstract

一种永磁叠层电机,包括:平行设置的两块端板(15、16);可转动地设置在两块端板(15、16)之间的转轴(1);依次交替地紧固套装在转轴(1)外缘并轴向压紧的n+1个转子单元(11、12、13、14)和n个间隔环(8、9、10);两个紧固套装在转轴(1)外缘并分别紧贴在最外侧的两个转子单元(11、14)的外侧面的导磁环(6、7);以及n个分别对应地套设在一个间隔环(8、9、10)外缘的定子单元(37、38、39),每个定子单元(37、38、39)与相邻的转子单元(11、12、13、14)之间具有相同的轴向气隙(40),且n个定子单元(37、38、39)通过多个安装螺杆(74、75)与两块端板(15、16)轴向固定连接。该永磁叠层电机具有重量减轻、体积缩小和自冷却效果好的特点,提高了矽钢片的利用率,有效的减少了结构材料的消耗,其功率远大于普通筒式电机和盘式电机。

Description

永磁叠层电机 技术领域
本发明涉及一种永磁电机, 尤其涉及一种轴向磁路的永磁叠层电机。 背景技术
一般发电机的结构是筒形的, 柱形转子和筒形定子同轴, 且为输出方便, 一般电枢在 外作为定子。 这类发电机的比功率 (单位电机重量发出的功率) 约为 0.2kw/kg, 航空用的 发电机最高可达 0.5kw/kg。
然而这类现有电机的体积通常很大, 在制造上往往需要消耗大量的原材料, 而且矽钢 片的利用率不高, 因此很不经济; 例如专利文献 ZL871083191、 ZL201110104458.8中描述 的电机, 其中, 转子磁体都贴在转子盘两侧, 这就大大增加了电机的体积; 而且, 常规的 定子绕组都是绕制在矽钢片上的线槽中的, 这就降低了矽钢片的利用率。
另外, 在工业快速发展的今天, 在很多领域都对电机的比功率提出了更高的要求; 为 此, 目前迫切需要研发一种新型的电机以满足工业要求。 发明内容
为了解决上述现有技术存在的问题, 本发明旨在提供一种永磁叠层电机, 以减轻电机 的重量, 减小电机的体积, 从而提高比功率。
本发明所述的一种永磁叠层电机, 其包括:
平行设置的两块端板;
可转动地设置在两块所述端板之间的转轴;
依次交替地紧固套装在所述转轴外缘并轴向压紧的 n+1个转子单元和 n个间隔环; 两个紧固套装在所述转轴外缘并分别紧贴在最外侧的两个所述转子单元的外侧面的 导磁环; 以及
n个分别对应地套设在一个所述间隔环外缘的定子单元, 每个所述定子单元与相邻的 所述转子单元之间具有相同的轴向气隙, 且 n个所述定子单元通过多个安装螺杆与两块所 述端板轴向固定连接;
其中: 每个所述转子单元包括:
转子盘, 其端面的一分度圆上均布有 2p个轴向通孔; 以及 2p个分别紧配合地嵌入所述轴向通孔的磁体, 该 2p个磁体的充磁方向与所述转轴平 行, 且 2p个所述磁体的极性沿所述分度圆交替排列;
其中, n+1个所述转子单元中相应的磁体沿所述转轴的延伸方向相互对齐, 且相互对 齐的磁体的磁力线是同方向的, n, p为自然数。
在上述的永磁叠层电机中, 每个所述定子单元包括:
由一对平行设置且互为镜像的定子基板组成的定子框, 其套设在所述间隔环外缘; 夹持在一对所述定子基板之间并均布在所述分度圆上的 2p个铁芯; 以及
绕制在每个所述铁芯外缘的线圈。
在上述的永磁叠层电机中, 当取 n 2时, 每个所述定子单元的 2p个铁芯和与其相邻 的定子单元的 2p个铁芯的位置从轴向看互相错开或相互对齐。
在上述的永磁叠层电机中, 所述定子基板的表面设有 2p 个均布在所述分度圆上的用 于插入绕制有所述线圈的铁芯的台阶孔。
在上述的永磁叠层电机中, 所述铁芯的外缘设为台阶面, 且所述铁芯两端的外径小于 其中段的外径, 并与所述定子基板上的台阶孔的小的内径匹配, 所述线圈绕制在铁芯的中 段上, 且所述线圈的轴向厚度与铁芯的中段的轴向厚度匹配, 所述线圈的外径与定子基板 上的台阶孔的大的内径匹配。
在上述的永磁叠层电机中, 所述转轴的一端设有一与该转轴垂直且一体成型的靠板, 所述转轴的另一端外缘设有螺纹, 所述导磁环、 转子单元和间隔环通过一锁紧螺母与所述 靠板轴向压紧成一整体。
在上述的永磁叠层电机中,
所述靠板的端面上设有多个均布在同一圆周上的轴向的靠板通风孔;
所述转子盘的端面上设有多个均布在同一圆周上的轴向的转子通风孔;
所述导磁环的端面上设有多个均布在同一圆周上的轴向的导磁环通风孔;
所述间隔环的端面上设有多个均布在同一圆周上的间隔环轴向通风孔, 所述间隔环的 外缘设有多个与所述间隔环轴向通风孔连通的间隔环径向通风孔;
所述端板的端面上均布有多个轴向的端板通风孔。
在上述的永磁叠层电机中, 所述定子基板的边缘处设有多个用于穿设所述安装螺杆的 基板安装孔, 且每个所述定子单元中的一对定子基板之间与所述基板安装孔同心地胶粘有 框内垫圈。
在上述的永磁叠层电机中, 所述端板的边缘处设有多个用于穿设所述安装螺杆的端板 安装孔, 且所述定子单元与端板之间设有与所述端板安装孔同心的间隔件。
在上述的永磁叠层电机中, 当取 n 2 时, 每两个相邻的所述定子单元之间设有多个 套设在所述安装螺杆外缘的间隔件。
在上述的永磁叠层电机中, 所述磁体和铁芯的形状为圆柱形、 多棱柱形、 椭圆柱形或 扇面柱形。
由于采用了上述的技术解决方案, 本发明电机的比功率远大于普通筒式电机和盘式电 机, 且电机的重量减轻, 体积缩小, 矽钢片的利用率提高, 有效减少了结构材料的消耗, 另外, 本发明自冷却效果好; 特别对大型电机的材料节约和重量减轻 (尤其是对大型风力 发电机) 有意义, 本发明的电机特别适用于交通工具。 附图说明
图 1是本发明一种永磁叠层电机的轴向剖视图;
图 2 ( a) 是本发明中转子单元的结构正视图;
图 2 (b) 是本发明中转子单元的轴向剖视图;
图 3 ( a) 是本发明中定子基板的结构正视图;
图 3 (b) 是本发明中定子基板的轴向剖视图;
图 4 ( a) 是本发明中定子单元的结构正视图;
图 4 (b) 是本发明中定子单元的轴向剖视图;
图 5 ( a) 是本发明中铁芯及线圈的结构正视图;
图 5 (b) 是本发明中铁芯及线圈的轴向剖视图;
图 6 ( a) 是本发明中间隔环的结构正视图;
图 6 (b) 是本发明中间隔环的结构仰视图;
图 6 ( c) 是本发明中间隔环的垂直于轴的结构剖视图;
图 6 ( d) 是本发明中间隔环的轴向剖视图;
图 7 ( a) 是本发明中导磁环的结构正视图;
图 7 (b) 是本发明中导磁环的轴向剖视图;
图 8 ( a) 是本发明中端板的结构正视图;
图 8 (b) 是图 8 ( a) 的 A-A方向的剖视图;
图 8 ( c) 是本发明中端板转过 90° 的结构正视图;
图 8 ( d) 是图 8 ( c) 的 B-B方向的剖视图;
图 9 ( a) 是本发明中空心的转轴的结构侧视图;
图 9 (b) 是本发明中空心的转轴的轴向剖视图;
图 10 ( a) - ( c) 是本发明的实施例 1中各定子单元铁芯错开的示意图, 其中, 图 10 ( a) 表示第一个定子单元上的铁芯位置与转子单元的磁体位置差设为 0° , 图 10 (b) 表 示第二个定子单元上的所有铁芯的位置沿分度圆转过 15 ° , 图 10 ( c) 表示第三个定子单 元上的所有铁芯的位置沿分度圆转过 30° 。 具体实施方式
下面结合附图, 给出本发明的较佳实施例, 并予以详细描述。
请参阅图 1-图 10, 本发明, 即一种永磁叠层电机, 其主要包括: 平行设置的两块端板 15、 16, 通过两个轴承 2、 3可转动地设置在两块端板 15、 16之间的转轴 1、 依次交替地 紧固套装在转轴 1外缘的 n+1个转子单元和 n个间隔环、 两个紧固套装在转轴 1外缘并分 别贴靠在最外侧的两个转子单元的外侧面的导磁环 6、 7 以及 n个分别对应地套设在一个 间隔环外缘的定子单元,其中,每个定子单元与相邻转子单元之间具有相同的轴向气隙 40, 且定子单元的边缘通过若干安装螺杆与两块端板 15、 16轴向固定连接, n为自然数。
在本实施例中, 取 n=3 (这是为了与常规的三相发电机或三相电动机一致), 即间隔环 和定子单元的数量均为 3个, 在附图中表示为间隔环 8、 9、 10, 以及定子单元 37、 38、 39; 由此可知, n+l=4, 即转子单元的数量为 4个, 在附图中表示为转子单元 11、 12、 13、 14。
下面分别对上述部件进行详细说明。
转轴 1的一端设有一与该转轴 1垂直且一体成型的靠板 4, 该靠板 4端面上设有多个 均布在同一圆周上的轴向的靠板通风孔; 如图 9 ( a)所示, 在本实施例中, 靠板 4上设有 3个靠板通风孔 87、 88、 89; 如图 9 (b)所示, 为了减轻重量, 本实施例中的转轴 1是空 心的。 通过锁紧螺母 5与转轴 1另一端上的螺纹配合, 只要拧紧该锁紧螺母 5, 即可使导 磁环 6、 7、 转子单元 11、 12、 13、 14以及间隔环 8、 9、 10轴向压紧成坚实的整体, 其中 导磁环 6紧靠靠板 4。
由于靠板 4的平面垂直于转轴 1, 从而可以使各个转子单元 11、 12、 13、 14在旋转时 轴向晃动减至最小, 从而可减小气隙, 以增加气隙磁通密度; 靠板 4和锁紧螺母 5的另一 个重要作用是阻止各定子单元 37、 38、 39和间隔环 8、 9、 10在转轴 1上轴向滑动; 具体 来说, 由于转子上的磁体对定子铁芯的两边吸力是不可能完全平衡的, 因此这种轴向滑动 是必然存在的, 而且是必须阻止的, 否则定子单元和转子单元吸合在一起, 转子集成 (即 所有运动部件之和, 包括转子单元、 间隔环、 导磁环、 转轴、 轴承和锁紧螺母) 将无法旋 转。 为了进一步阻止这种滑动, 转轴 1的外缘上设有键槽 90, 导磁环 6、 7、 转子单元 11、 12、 13、 14和间隔环 8、 9、 10也都有相应的键槽 (图中未示), 并通过键 (图中未示) 与 转轴 1的键槽 90配合; 转轴 1两端各设有分别靠住轴承 2、 3内缘的转轴台阶 91、 92, 其 作用是阻止转轴 1与轴承 2、 3间的轴向滑动, 另外, 由于轴承 2、 3受到一定的轴向力, 所以采用深沟轴承 2、 3。
如图 2 ( a)、 (b) 所示, 以转子单元 11为例, 每个转子单元包括: 转子盘 25以及紧 密镶嵌在该转子盘 25上并均布在分度圆 49上的 2p个磁体, 其中, 镶嵌磁体的转子盘 25 采用有较高机械强度的低密度绝缘材料或高电阻材料, 例如环氧板, 其形状为圆盘形, 中 央有轴孔和键槽, 用于与转轴 1固定连接, 在其分度圆 49上开设有 2p个轴向通孔, 用于 在其中紧配合地嵌入 2p个磁体, 2p个磁体的充磁方向与转轴 1平行, 且 2p个磁体的极性 沿分度圆 49交替排列, 各转子单元上相应的磁体沿转轴 1 的方向相互对齐, 且相对齐的 磁体的磁力线是同方向的, p为自然数。
在本实施例中, 取 2p=8, 即每个转子单元上的磁体数量为 8个, 这表示转子磁极对的 数量为 4对; 在附图中, 表示为转子单元 11中的磁体 21、转子单元 12中的磁体 22、转子 单元 13中的磁体 23和转子单元 14中的磁体 24。 磁体的形状可以是圆柱形, 多棱柱形, 椭圆柱形或扇面柱形。
由于磁体是镶嵌在转子盘内的, 因此, 相较于现有技术中将磁体贴在基板的两侧面而 言 (例如专利文献 ZL871083191、 ZL201110104458.8 ), 本发明缩短了磁路, 减少了漏磁, 并且减小了磁阻和电机体积, 同时, 现有技术中的这种转子基板过薄, 则强度不够, 过厚 则重量过重, 而本发明则不存在这样的问题。 另外, 为了散热和减轻重量, 每片转子盘 25 端面上都设有多个均布在同一圆周上 (该圆周位于分度圆 49 内) 的轴向的转子通风孔, 如图 2 ( a) 中的转子通风孔 17、 18、 19。
如图 1所示, 导磁环 6、 7分别贴靠在两个转子单元 11、 14的外侧面, 其中央有轴孔 和键槽, 用于与转轴 1固定连接, 其直径以完全覆盖转子单元上的磁体为准; 导磁环 6、 7 采用高导磁材料, 由于磁体的吸引, 导磁环 6、 7会自动紧贴在两端的转子单元 11、 14上。 导磁环 6、 7可以使磁力线经导磁环在相邻的两磁体间返回形成低磁阻的闭合回路, 因此, 磁阻主要在定子单元和转子单元之间的气隙 40 中产生, 这样磁路就很短, 磁阻很小, 也 就是说, 在本发明的磁力线的回路中, 除工作气隙外, 磁力线全在低磁阻的材料中通过, 这相较于现有技术中无导磁环而使磁力线在空气或定子中返回的电机而言, 显著提高了气 隙中的磁通密度 (在本发明已做成的样机中, 测得工作气隙中磁通密度大于 1.2T, 这是一 个很高的值)。 另外, 为了散热和减轻重量, 导磁环 6、 7端面上也设有多个均布在同一圆 周上 (该圆周位于分度圆 49内) 的轴向的导磁环通风孔, 如图 7 ( a) 中的导磁环通风孔 71、 72、 73。
间隔环 8、 9、 10 的材质采用低密度塑料或环氧板, 形状为圆饼形, 中央有轴孔和键 槽, 用于与转轴 1 固定连接; 间隔环 8、 9、 10的作用是使相邻两转子单元之间留出固定 空间, 以便插入定子单元 37、 38、 39; 同样, 为了通风和减轻重量, 在间隔环(如图 6 ( a) - ( d)中以间隔环 8为例)端面上设有多个均布在同一圆周上的间隔环轴向通风孔 84、 85、 86, 以及在间隔环外缘设有多个与间隔环轴向通风孔 84、 85、 86连通的间隔环径向通风 孔 81、 82、 83。
如图 4 ( a)、 (b) 所示, 每个定子单元包括: 由一对平行设置且互为镜像的定子基板 组成的定子框 (如图 1中定子单元 37的定子基板 31、 32, 定子单元 38的定子基板 33、 34, 定子单元 39的定子基板 35、 36)、 夹持在定子基板之间并均布在分度圆 49上的 2p个 铁芯以及绕制在各个铁芯外缘的线圈, 其中, p为自然数。
在本实施例中, 取 2p=8, 即每个定子单元中的铁芯和线圈数量与每个转子单元中的磁 体数量相同, 均为 8个, 在附图中, 表示为定子单元 37中的铁芯 46和线圈 41, 定子单元 38中的铁芯 47和线圈 42, 定子单元 39中的铁芯 48和线圈 43。
每一定子基板的形状是中央有一圆孔 30的多边形, 该圆孔 30的直径比间隔环 8、 9、 10的外径略大, 以旋转时间隔环 8、 9、 10不碰擦定子框为度, 定子单元 37、 38、 39的轴 向厚度小于间隔环 8、 9、 10 的轴向厚度 (间隔环的轴向厚度等于定子单元的轴向厚度加 两倍气隙 40的厚度之和), 从而使定子单元与相邻转子单元之间存在气隙 40, 该气隙 40 的大小以旋转时转子单元不碰擦定子单元为度; 铁芯和转子单元上的磁体相对应, 铁芯的 轴线平行于转轴 1。
如图 3 ( a)、 (b)所示, 在本实施例中, 以定子基板 31为例, 其为方形结构, 且材料 为有较高机械强度的绝缘体或高电阻率材料; 该定子基板 31表面设有 8个均布在分度圆 49上的用于插入铁芯 46和线圈 41的台阶孔 50; 在定子基板 31的四个角上分别设有基板 安装孔 26、 27、 28、 29。 每个定子单元中的一对定子基板之间与基板安装孔同心地胶粘有 四个框内垫圈 (如图 1中定子单元 37的框内垫圈 61, 定子单元 38的框内垫圈 62, 定子 单元 39的框内垫圈 63 ); 因此, 通过 4根安装螺杆(以图 1中的安装螺杆 74、 75为代表) 穿过这些基板安装孔和上述框内垫圈, 即可将各定子单元紧固。
由于每个铁芯的两端紧邻磁体, 且两端的磁体吸力不可能完全相等, 因此每个铁芯可 能受到很大的轴向力, 从而容易造成铁芯的轴向窜动, 而这种窜动也是必须阻止的。 为了 防止铁芯的轴向窜动, 如图 5 ( a)、 (b) 所示, 在实施例中, 以铁芯 46和线圈 41为例, 铁芯 46的外缘设为台阶面 20, 且铁芯 46两端的外径小于其中段的外径, 并与定子基板上 的台阶孔 50的较小内径匹配, 线圈 41绕制在铁芯 46的外径较大的中段上, 且线圈 41的 轴向厚度与该中段的轴向厚度匹配, 线圈 41的外径与定子基板上的台阶孔 50的较大内径 匹配, 从而有效阻止了铁芯的轴向窜动, 也为定子框提供了足够的轴向刚度。
本实施例中, 铁芯 46、 47、 48均采用柱状矽钢片铁芯, 这种铁芯在磁路中利用率高, 即所有的铁芯均可参与导磁; 为最大程度地减少涡流, 矽钢片的平面平行于转轴 1, 即矽 钢片平面的法线垂直于转轴 1 ; 另外, 为了提供尽量大的绕线空间, 将线圈 41、 42、 43直 接绕制在铁芯 46、 47、 48 上, 且线圈和铁芯之间仅用薄绝缘层 (图中未示) 隔开, 相较 于现有技术中线圈绕制在铁芯矽钢片的径向线槽中, 本发明中的这种线圈和铁芯不仅大大 提高了矽钢片的利用率,还简化了矽钢片的加工工艺, 降低了矽钢片的报废率和制造成本; 同时, 由于定子基板组成的定子框代替了传统定子结构的骨架, 从而减轻了电机重量和体 积, 并获得了尽量多的线圈匝数, 保证了定子单元的轴向抗弯强度, 且便于散热。
由于本发明中每个定子单元中电动势的产生是在各个独立的线圈中的, 这与一般的电 机不同; 在本实施例中, 设每个线圈的两个端头为 Ag和 Bg ( g=l, 2, 3〜2p, 2p=8), 各线圈的串联接法为:
A1— B1B2— A2A3— B3B4— A4A5— B5B6— A6A7— B7B8— A8
这时, 从端头 A1和端头 A8之间输出的电动势为单个线圈中的电动势的 2p倍, S卩 8 个线圈中的电动势之和, 内阻也是 8个线圈的内阻之和。
上述结构的定子单元可达到以下四个目的: 有足够的绕线空间; 减轻重量; 便于通风 冷却; 有足够的轴向抗弯强度。
在本实施例中, 采用三个定子单元 37、 38、 39, 可以形成通常的相互之间位相差为 120° 的三相电。 具体来说, 为了获得三相电, 各定子单元 37、 38、 39的台阶孔 50的位 置互相错开 (各定子基板上的基板安装孔位置不错开), 如图 10所示, 设定子单元 37上 的所有铁芯 46的位置与转子单元的磁体位置重叠,即两者在分度圆 49上的位置差为 0° , 则定子单元 38的所有铁芯 47的位置沿分度圆 49转过 (360° /2p) X ( 1/n) =15 ° , 定子 单元 39的所有铁芯 48的位置沿分度圆 49转过 (360° /2p) X (2/n) =30° ; 也可以是: 定子单元 38的所有铁芯 47的位置沿分度圆 49转过 (360° /p) X ( 1/n) =30° , 定子单 元 39的所有铁芯 48的位置沿分度圆 49转过 (360° /p) X (2/n) =60° ; 上述两者的效 果是一样的: 既可以获得普通的互相差 120° 的三相电, 也可以大大减小电机启动时的齿 槽扭矩, 使电机启动更为容易。
如图 8 ( a) - ( d) 所示, 端板 15、 16选用轻质材料, 其端面中心均设有用于嵌置轴 承 2、 3的轴承座 55, 从而使转轴 1在端板 15、 16的轴承座 55中旋转; 端板 15、 16上还 均布有多个轴向的端板通风孔, 如图 8 ( a) 中的端板通风孔 51、 52、 53、 54。 端板 15、 16的四个角上设有与定子单元的基板安装孔 26、 27、 28、 29位置对应的端板安装孔 56、 57、 58、 59, 利用 4根安装螺杆 (以图 1中的安装螺杆 74、 75为代表)、 定子单元 37、 39 分别与端板 15、 16之间的 8个长垫圈 (以图 1中的长垫圈 64、 65为代表)、 定子单元 37、 38、 39之间的 8个框间垫圈(以图 1中的框间垫圈 66、 67为代表), 以及 8个安装螺母(以 图 1中的安装螺母 76、 77、 78、 79为代表), 以将定子集成 (即所有不运动部件之和, 包 括定子单元、 端板、 安装螺杆、 框内垫圈、 框间垫圈和长垫圈) 锁紧成坚实的整体, 电机 的外形为多棱柱形, 且无外壳, 这与现有技术中具有圆柱形外壳的筒形电机相比减轻了重 当转子集成转动时, 空气从端板 15上的端板通风孔 51、 52、 53、 54吸入, 穿过靠板 4的靠板通风孔 87、 88、 89, 再穿过导磁环 6的导磁环通风孔 71、 72、 73, 接着经转子单 元 11上的转子通风孔 17、 18、 19进入间隔环 8。 一部分的空气在转子单元 11、 12及间隔 环 8的离心力作用下沿径向流出冷却线圈 41和铁芯 46,一部分的空气通过转子单元 12的 转子通风孔进入中央的间隔环 9冷却线圈 42和铁芯 47; 同理, 从端板 16进入的空气的作 用类似, 冷却线圈 43、 42和铁芯 48、 47。 由此可见, 本发明中的转子集成自身形成离心 风扇, 能起到冷却作用, 从而提高比功率。
上述各定子单元上的铁芯的位置在轴向成与转轴 1平行的一直线, 不错开, 从而可以 获得单相电; 但这种结构的齿槽扭矩较大, 在电机启动上不如定子单元错开的情况方便。
另外, 在本发明中还可以用调节螺母代替长垫圈和框间垫圈, 从而可以使定子单元的 位置以及定子单元和转子单元之间的间隙可调, 并进而可使转子集成的轴向力几乎为零。
除 3以外, 本发明的定子单元的数量也可以是任意数, 即 n=l, 2, 4, 5, 6〜, 转子 磁极对的数量也可以是除 4以外的任意数, 即 p=l, 2, 3, 5, 6, Ί···, 电机的其他结构均 与实施例 1相同。
综上所述, 本发明作为发电机用时, 转子单元旋转, 在定子单元的线圈中产生单相或 多相交流电; 作为电动机用时, 定子单元的线圈中通入多相交流电, 则转子单元同步旋转。 本发明电机的优点是功率重量比大、 体积小、 机构紧凑、 矽钢片的利用率超过 95%。 一般 发电机的功率重量比为 200瓦 /千克, 航空用发电机可达 500瓦 /千克, 而本发明的实际功 率重量比已超过 800瓦 /千克, 这不但节省铜材和铁材, 而且对海陆空交通特别有意义。
以上所述的, 仅为本发明的较佳实施例, 并非用以限定本发明的范围, 本发明的上述 实施例还可以做出各种变化。 即凡是依据本发明申请的权利要求书及说明书内容所作的简 单、 等效变化与修饰, 皆落入本发明专利的权利要求保护范围。 本发明未详尽描述的均为 常规技术内容。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种永磁叠层电机, 其特征在于, 所述电机包括:
平行设置的两块端板;
可转动地设置在两块所述端板之间的转轴;
依次交替地紧固套装在所述转轴外缘并轴向压紧的 n+1个转子单元和 n个间隔环; 两个紧固套装在所述转轴外缘并分别紧贴在最外侧的两个所述转子单元的外侧面的 导磁环; 以及
n个分别对应地套设在一个所述间隔环外缘的定子单元, 每个所述定子单元与相邻的 所述转子单元之间具有相同的轴向气隙, 且 n个所述定子单元通过多个安装螺杆与两块所 述端板轴向固定连接;
其中: 每个所述转子单元包括:
转子盘, 其端面的一分度圆上均布有 2p个轴向通孔; 以及
2p个分别紧配合地嵌入所述轴向通孔的磁体, 该 2p个磁体的充磁方向与所述转轴平 行, 且 2p个所述磁体的极性沿所述分度圆交替排列;
其中, n+1个所述转子单元中相应的磁体沿所述转轴的延伸方向相互对齐, 且相互对 齐的磁体的磁力线是同方向的, n, p为自然数。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的永磁叠层电机, 其特征在于, 每个所述定子单元包括: 由一对平行设置且互为镜像的定子基板组成的定子框, 其套设在所述间隔环外缘; 夹持在一对所述定子基板之间并均布在所述分度圆上的 2p个铁芯; 以及
绕制在每个所述铁芯外缘的线圈。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的永磁叠层电机, 其特征在于, 当取 n 2时, 每个所述定子 单元的 2p 个铁芯和与其相邻的定子单元的 2p 个铁芯的位置从轴向看互相错开或相互对 齐。
4、 根据权利要求 2或 3所述的永磁叠层电机, 其特征在于, 所述定子基板的表面设 有 2p个均布在所述分度圆上的用于插入绕制有所述线圈的铁芯的台阶孔。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的永磁叠层电机, 其特征在于, 所述铁芯的外缘设为台阶面, 且所述铁芯两端的外径小于其中段的外径, 并与所述定子基板上的台阶孔的小的内径匹 配,所述线圈绕制在铁芯的中段上,且所述线圈的轴向厚度与铁芯的中段的轴向厚度匹配, 所述线圈的外径与定子基板上的台阶孔的大的内径匹配。
6、 根据权利要求 1-3、 5中任意一项所述的永磁叠层电机, 其特征在于, 所述转轴的 一端设有一与该转轴垂直且一体成型的靠板, 所述转轴的另一端外缘设有螺纹, 所述导磁 环、 转子单元和间隔环通过一锁紧螺母与所述靠板轴向压紧成一整体。
7、 根据权利要求 6所述的永磁叠层电机, 其特征在于,
所述靠板的端面上设有多个均布在同一圆周上的轴向的靠板通风孔;
所述转子盘的端面上设有多个均布在同一圆周上的轴向的转子通风孔;
所述导磁环的端面上设有多个均布在同一圆周上的轴向的导磁环通风孔;
所述间隔环的端面上设有多个均布在同一圆周上的间隔环轴向通风孔, 所述间隔环的 外缘设有多个与所述间隔环轴向通风孔连通的间隔环径向通风孔;
所述端板的端面上均布有多个轴向的端板通风孔。
8、 根据权利要求 2、 3、 5或 6所述的永磁叠层电机, 其特征在于, 所述定子基板的 边缘处设有多个用于穿设所述安装螺杆的基板安装孔, 且每个所述定子单元中的一对定子 基板之间与所述基板安装孔同心地胶粘有框内垫圈。
9、 根据权利要求 8 所述的永磁叠层电机, 其特征在于, 所述端板的边缘处设有多个 用于穿设所述安装螺杆的端板安装孔, 且所述定子单元与端板之间设有与所述端板安装孔 同心的间隔件。
10、 根据权利要求 9所述的永磁叠层电机, 其特征在于, 当取 n 2时, 每两个相邻 的所述定子单元之间设有多个套设在所述安装螺杆外缘的间隔件。
11、 根据权利要求 1-3、 5、 7、 9、 10中任意一项所述的永磁叠层电机, 其特征在于, 所述磁体和铁芯的形状为圆柱形、 多棱柱形、 椭圆柱形或扇面柱形。
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