WO2014033792A1 - 放射線断層画像生成装置、放射線断層撮影装置および放射線断層画像生成方法 - Google Patents
放射線断層画像生成装置、放射線断層撮影装置および放射線断層画像生成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/52—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/5258—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for radiation diagnosis involving detection or reduction of artifacts or noise
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/02—Arrangements for diagnosis sequentially in different planes; Stereoscopic radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/025—Tomosynthesis
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/02—Arrangements for diagnosis sequentially in different planes; Stereoscopic radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/03—Computed tomography [CT]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
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- G06T11/003—Reconstruction from projections, e.g. tomography
- G06T11/008—Specific post-processing after tomographic reconstruction, e.g. voxelisation, metal artifact correction
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a radiation tomographic image generation apparatus, a radiation tomography apparatus, and a radiation tomographic image generation method that generate a radiation tomographic image by reconstructing projection data acquired from a plurality of different directions with respect to a subject.
- Such a conventional apparatus includes an X-ray tube that irradiates the subject with X-rays, an X-ray detector that is disposed opposite to the X-ray tube and detects X-rays transmitted through the subject, And an X-ray tomographic image generation device that generates an X-ray (radiation) tomographic image (hereinafter referred to as “tomographic image” as appropriate) from projection data (projected image) acquired by a line detector.
- the conventional apparatus acquires projection data by performing X-ray imaging on a subject from a plurality of different directions while moving an X-ray tube and an X-ray detector integrally or in conjunction with each other.
- the acquired plurality of projection data is reconstructed by an X-ray tomographic image generation device to acquire a tomographic image.
- tomosynthesis is a method of collecting a plurality of projection data by one tomography, and reconstructing the plurality of projection data to generate a tomographic image having an arbitrary cutting height.
- step S101 actual projection data is acquired (step S101).
- a superabsorber region is specified from the actually measured projection data (step S102).
- Data replacement is performed on the high-absorber region of the actually measured projection data using pixels in the vicinity of the high-absorber region (step S103).
- Image reconstruction is performed from the projection data subjected to data replacement, and a first reconstructed image is generated (step S104).
- Forward projection data is created by forward projecting the first reconstructed image (step S105).
- the forward projection data is adjusted, and the adjusted forward projection data is reconstructed to generate a second reconstructed image (step S106).
- a final tomographic image (reconstructed image) is acquired by performing forward projection, adjustment, and image reconstruction once or repeatedly plural times.
- the tomographic image is obtained by erasing the high-absorber regions reflected in each of the actually measured projection data by replacement and reconstructing them. Thereby, the tissue around the high absorber is restored with high accuracy, and a tomographic image with reduced artifacts around the high absorber is acquired.
- the conventional apparatus has a process of specifying the high-absorber region reflected in the actual projection data.
- the conventional apparatus has a problem in that the high-absorber area that causes artifacts in image reconstruction is not sufficiently specified. That is, when specifying the superabsorbent region based only on the measured projection data, it is difficult to specify the conventional absorber. For example, a thin object such as a wire or a small object such as a screw becomes an image in which the pixel value of the measured projection data is not so different from that of an area other than the wire, although it is a high absorber.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and a first object thereof is a radiation tomographic image generation apparatus capable of restoring a tissue near a high-absorber region of a tomographic image with higher accuracy. It is to provide a radiation tomography apparatus and a radiation tomographic image generation method.
- a second object of the present invention is to provide a radiation tomographic image generation apparatus and radiation tomography capable of obtaining a tomographic image showing a high absorber in a high absorber region while suppressing artifacts caused by the high absorber.
- An apparatus and a radiation tomographic image generation method are provided.
- the present invention has the following configuration. That is, the radiation tomographic image generation unit according to the present invention reconstructs an actual image reconstruction image by reconstructing a plurality of actual measurement projection data acquired from different directions with respect to a subject including a radiation superabsorber.
- a component a superabsorber region identifying unit that identifies a superabsorber region of the measured projection data from the measured projection data and the measured reconstructed image, and acquires superabsorber region identifying data; and the superabsorber region identifying A data replacement unit that uses the data to replace the high-absorber region of the measured projection data with data obtained based on neighboring pixels of the high-absorber region and obtain replacement projection data; and the replacement projection data And a replacement image reconstruction unit that reconstructs the image and generates a replacement reconstructed image.
- the actual measurement image reconstruction unit reconstructs the actual measurement projection data and generates an actual measurement reconstructed image.
- the high absorber specifying unit specifies the high absorber region of the actual projection data from the actual projection data and the actual measurement reconstructed image, and acquires the high absorber region specifying data.
- the measured projection data for example, in the high absorber region such as a wire or a screw, the image has a pixel value that is not so different from other regions, and it is difficult to correctly specify the high absorber region.
- the pixel value becomes remarkably large at the boundary between the superabsorbent and the living tissue.
- the boundary between a superabsorbent such as a wire or a screw and a living tissue can be specified with higher accuracy.
- the actually measured projection data in addition to the actually measured reconstructed image, for example, it can be determined whether or not the inside of the boundary between the superabsorbent and the living tissue is the superabsorbent.
- the high absorber region can be specified with higher accuracy.
- the data replacement unit uses the high-absorber region specifying data to replace the high-absorber region of the actually measured projection data with the data obtained based on the neighboring pixels of the high-absorber region to obtain the replacement projection data. get.
- the replacement image reconstruction unit reconstructs the replacement projection data and generates a replacement reconstruction image without the superabsorbent region. Since the high-absorber region is specified with higher accuracy, the high-absorber region can be replaced with data with higher accuracy. Therefore, it is possible to restore the tissue in the vicinity of the high-absorber region of the tomographic image (replacement reconstruction image) with higher accuracy while suppressing artifacts due to the high-absorber.
- a difference processing unit that obtains difference projection data by subtracting the measured projection data and the replacement projection data, and reconstructs the difference projection data by reconstructing the image.
- a difference image reconstruction unit that generates a composition image, and a composition that generates a composite reconstruction image by selecting at least one of the measured reconstruction image, the replacement reconstruction image, and the difference reconstruction image for each region And an image generation unit.
- the difference processing unit obtains difference projection data by subtracting the actually measured projection data and the replacement projection data.
- the difference image reconstruction unit reconstructs the difference projection data to generate a difference reconstruction image of only the superabsorbent region.
- the composite image generation unit selects at least one image among the actually measured reconstructed image, the replacement reconstructed image, and the difference reconstructed image for each region, and generates a composite reconstructed image. That is, not only the replacement reconstructed image but also the composite reconstructed image is generated from the actually measured reconstructed image and the difference reconstructed image.
- a tomographic image sinthesized reconstructed image in which the high absorber is shown in the high absorber region can be obtained while suppressing artifacts due to the high absorber. .
- the composite image generation unit is a pixel value of the same coordinates in the actually measured reconstructed image and the replacement reconstructed image, and the pixel value of the replacement reconstructed image Is larger than the pixel value of the measured reconstructed image, it is preferable to select the pixel value of the replacement reconstructed image and generate a composite reconstructed image. That is, in the actually measured reconstructed image, the pixels in the vicinity of the high absorber region tend to have a lower pixel value than the pixel value originally obtained by the high absorber region. Therefore, by selecting the pixel value of the replacement reconstructed image for the pixel in the vicinity of the corresponding high-absorber region, the pixel in the vicinity of the high-absorber region can be brought closer to the originally obtained pixel value.
- the composite image generation unit is a pixel value of the same coordinates in the actual measurement reconstructed image, the replacement reconstructed image, and the difference reconstructed image, and the replacement
- the sum pixel value is selected to generate a composite reconstructed image Is preferred. That is, the pixel value of the high-absorber region of the actually measured reconstructed image tends to be a pixel value higher than the pixel value originally obtained by being overestimated at the time of image reconstruction.
- the pixel of the superabsorber region is brought close to the pixel value originally obtained. Can do.
- the composite image generation unit is a pixel value of the same coordinates in the actual measurement reconstructed image, the replacement reconstructed image, and the difference reconstructed image, and the replacement
- the pixel value of the actually measured reconstructed image is selected to generate a composite reconstructed image It is preferable to produce. That is, the pixel value of the actually reconstructed image generated by reconstructing the image with the actual projection data as it is is selected for the region other than the region where the original pixel value cannot be obtained due to the high absorber. Thereby, for example, even if the region is erroneously determined as the high-absorber region in the difference reconstructed image, the erroneously determined region can be prevented from being selected.
- the high absorber region specifying unit specifies the high absorber region of the actual projection data from the actual projection data and the actual reconstruction image based on a graph cut method.
- the high absorber region can be specified with high accuracy.
- the superabsorbent region specifying unit sets a seed region in the graph cut method based on a threshold processing result of the measured projection data and the measured reconstructed image. .
- the seed region in the graph cut method can be automatically set based on the threshold processing result. Therefore, it is possible to easily identify the high absorbent region.
- At least one of the measured image reconstruction unit, the replacement image reconstruction unit, and the difference image reconstruction unit performs image reconstruction based on a successive approximation method. It is preferable. Thereby, image reconstruction can be performed with high accuracy.
- the radiation tomography apparatus includes an actual projection data acquisition unit that acquires a plurality of actual projection data from different directions with respect to a subject including a radiation high-absorber, and reconstructs the actual projection data.
- An actual image reconstruction unit that generates an actual measurement reconstructed image, and a high absorber that identifies the high absorber region of the actual projection data from the actual projection data and the actual reconstruction image and acquires high absorber region specifying data
- the high-absorber region of the actually measured projection data is replaced with data obtained based on neighboring pixels of the high-absorber region, and the replacement projection data is obtained.
- a data replacement unit to be obtained and a replacement image reconstruction unit that reconstructs the replacement projection data and generates a replacement reconstructed image are provided.
- the measured image reconstruction unit reconstructs the measured projection data and generates a measured reconstructed image.
- the high absorber specifying unit specifies the high absorber region of the actual projection data from the actual projection data and the actual measurement reconstructed image, and acquires the high absorber region specifying data.
- the actually measured projection data for example, the pixel values of the superabsorber region such as a wire and a screw are not so different from the pixel values of other regions, and it is difficult to correctly identify the superabsorber region.
- the pixel value becomes remarkably large at the boundary between the superabsorbent and the living tissue.
- the boundary between a superabsorbent such as a wire or a screw and a living tissue can be specified with higher accuracy.
- the actually measured projection data in addition to the actually measured reconstructed image, for example, it can be determined whether or not the inside of the boundary between the superabsorbent and the living tissue is the superabsorbent.
- the high absorber region can be specified with higher accuracy.
- the data replacement unit obtains replacement projection data by performing data replacement on the high-absorber region of the actually measured projection data using the data obtained based on the neighboring pixels of the high-absorber region using the high-absorber region specifying data. To do.
- the replacement image reconstruction unit reconstructs the replacement projection data and generates a replacement reconstruction image without the superabsorbent region. Since the high-absorber region is specified with higher accuracy, the high-absorber region can be replaced with data with higher accuracy. Therefore, it is possible to restore the tissue in the vicinity of the high-absorber region of the tomographic image (replacement reconstruction image) with higher accuracy while suppressing artifacts due to the high-absorber.
- the radiation tomographic image generation method includes a step of reconstructing a plurality of actually measured projection data acquired from different directions for a subject including a radiation superabsorbent and generating a measured reconstructed image; Specifying the high-absorber region specifying data by specifying the high-absorber region of the actual projection data from the actual measurement projection data and the actual measurement reconstructed image; and using the high-absorber region specifying data, the actual projection data Replacing the high-absorber region with data obtained on the basis of neighboring pixels of the high-absorber region to obtain replacement projection data, and reconstructing the replacement projection data to reconstruct a replacement reconstructed image. And a generating step.
- the actual measurement reconstructed image is generated by reconstructing the actual projection data.
- the high-absorber region specifying data is obtained by specifying the high-absorber region of the actual projection data from the actual projection data and the actual measurement reconstructed image.
- the pixel value is not much different from other regions, and it is difficult to correctly specify the high absorber region.
- the pixel value becomes remarkably large at the boundary between the superabsorbent and the living tissue.
- the boundary between a superabsorbent such as a wire or a screw and a living tissue can be specified with higher accuracy.
- the actually measured projection data in addition to the actually measured reconstructed image, for example, it can be determined whether or not the inside of the boundary between the superabsorbent and the living tissue is the superabsorbent.
- the high absorber region can be specified with higher accuracy.
- the replacement projection data is obtained by performing data replacement on the high-absorber region of the actually measured projection data using the data obtained based on the neighboring pixels of the high-absorber region using the high-absorber region specifying data. The replacement projection data is reconstructed to generate a replacement reconstructed image without the superabsorber region.
- the high-absorber region is specified with higher accuracy, the high-absorber region can be replaced with data with higher accuracy. Therefore, it is possible to restore the tissue in the vicinity of the high-absorber region of the tomographic image (replacement reconstruction image) with higher accuracy while suppressing artifacts due to the high-absorber.
- the actual measurement reconstructed image is generated by reconstructing the actual measurement projection data.
- the high-absorber region specifying data is obtained by specifying the high-absorber region of the actual projection data from the actual projection data and the actual measurement reconstructed image.
- the pixel values of the superabsorber region such as a wire and a screw are not so different from the pixel values of other regions, and it is difficult to correctly identify the superabsorber region.
- the pixel value becomes remarkably large at the boundary between the superabsorbent and the living tissue.
- the boundary between a superabsorbent such as a wire or a screw and a living tissue can be specified with higher accuracy.
- the actually measured projection data in addition to the actually measured reconstructed image, for example, it can be determined whether or not the inside of the boundary between the superabsorbent and the living tissue is the superabsorbent.
- the high absorber region can be specified with higher accuracy.
- the replacement projection data is obtained by performing data replacement on the high-absorber region of the actually measured projection data using the data obtained based on the neighboring pixels of the high-absorber region using the high-absorber region specifying data. The replacement projection data is reconstructed to generate a replacement reconstructed image without the superabsorber region.
- the high-absorber region is specified with higher accuracy, the high-absorber region can be replaced with data with higher accuracy. Therefore, it is possible to restore the tissue in the vicinity of the high-absorber region of the tomographic image (replacement reconstruction image) with higher accuracy while suppressing artifacts due to the high-absorber.
- the difference projection data is obtained by subtracting the actually measured projection data and the replacement projection data.
- the difference projection data is reconstructed to generate a difference reconstructed image of only the superabsorbent region.
- at least one image among the actually measured reconstructed image, the replacement reconstructed image, and the difference reconstructed image is selected for each region to generate a composite reconstructed image. That is, not only the replacement reconstructed image but also the composite reconstructed image is generated from the actually measured reconstructed image and the difference reconstructed image.
- FIG. 1 It is a figure which shows schematic structure of the X-ray tomography apparatus which concerns on an Example. It is a figure which shows the structure of a X-ray tomographic image generation part.
- A) is a figure which shows a measurement reconstruction image
- (b) is a figure which shows a replacement reconstruction image
- (c) is a figure which shows a difference reconstruction image. It is a figure which shows the structure of a metal area
- (A) It is a figure which shows the measurement projection data after threshold processing, (b) is a figure which shows forward projection data, (c) is a figure which shows the seed area
- (A) is a profile used for description of threshold processing for measured projection data. It is a histogram with which it uses for description of the threshold value process with respect to measurement projection data.
- (A) is a profile used for description of threshold processing for an actually measured reconstructed image
- (b) is a diagram showing an actually measured reconstructed image after threshold processing. It is a figure where it uses for description of the graph cut method.
- (A) is a figure which shows the measurement projection data used for description of a data substitution part
- (b) is a profile of the crossing line L1 of (a). It is a flowchart with which it uses for description of a synthesized image production
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of an X-ray tomography apparatus according to an embodiment.
- the superabsorber will be described using metal as an example.
- the X-ray tomography apparatus 1 is disposed so as to face the top plate 2 on which the subject M is placed, the X-ray tube 3 that irradiates the subject M with X-rays, and the X-ray tube 3.
- a flat panel X-ray detector (hereinafter referred to as “FPD” as appropriate) 4 for detecting X-rays transmitted through M is provided.
- the FPD 4 corresponds to the actual projection data acquisition unit of the present invention.
- the X-ray tube 3 is controlled by the X-ray tube control unit 5.
- the X-ray tube controller 5 has a high voltage generator 6 that generates the tube voltage and tube current of the X-ray tube 3.
- the X-ray tube controller 5 irradiates X-rays from the X-ray tube 3 in accordance with X-ray irradiation conditions such as tube voltage, tube current, and irradiation time.
- a large number of X-ray detection elements that detect X-rays by converting them into electric signals are arranged in a horizontal and vertical two-dimensional matrix on an X-ray detection surface on which a transmission X-ray image to be detected is projected.
- Examples of the array matrix of the X-ray detection elements include horizontal: several thousand ⁇ vertical: several thousand.
- the X-ray detection element is configured as a direct conversion type in which X-rays are directly converted into electric signals, or an indirect conversion type in which X-rays are once converted into light and then converted into electric signals.
- the X-ray tube 3 and the FPD 4 move in parallel along the body axis ax of the subject M in FIG.
- the X-ray tube 3 and the FPD 4 are configured to be driven by a rack, a pinion, a motor, or the like (not shown), for example.
- the FPD 4 acquires a plurality of actually measured projection data (X-ray images) p1 from different directions (angles) with respect to the subject M containing metal while moving in the reverse direction in synchronization with the X-ray tube 3.
- the A / D converter 7, the image processing unit 8, and the main control unit 9 are provided in the subsequent stage of the FPD 4.
- the A / D converter 7 converts the analog measured projection data p1 output from the FPD 4 into digital signals.
- the image processing unit 8 performs various necessary processes on the actually measured projection data p1 that has been digitally converted.
- the main control unit 9 comprehensively controls each component of the X-ray tomography apparatus 1 and includes a central processing unit (CPU) and the like.
- the main control unit 9 performs control for moving the X-ray tube 3 or the FPD 4, for example.
- the X-ray tomography apparatus 1 includes a display unit 11, an input unit 12, and a storage unit 13.
- the display unit 11 includes a monitor or the like.
- the input unit 12 includes a keyboard, a mouse, and the like.
- the storage unit 13 includes a removable storage medium such as a ROM (Read-only Memory), a RAM (Random-Access Memory), or a hard disk.
- the storage unit 13 stores, for example, a plurality of actually measured projection data p1.
- the X-ray tomography apparatus 1 includes an X-ray tomographic image generation unit 20 that generates a tomographic image from a plurality of actually measured projection data p1 acquired by the FPD 4.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the X-ray tomographic image generation unit 20.
- the X-ray tomographic image generation unit 20 generates various tomographic images. As the tomographic image generated by the X-ray tomographic image generation unit 20, the actually measured reconstructed image R1 in FIG. 3A, the replacement reconstructed image R2 in FIG. 3B, and the differential reconstructed image in FIG. There is R3.
- the X-ray tomographic image generation unit 20 selects at least one image among these tomographic images for each pixel and generates a composite reconstructed image R4.
- the actual measurement reconstructed image R1 is a tomographic image obtained by reconstructing the actual measurement projection data p1 as it is.
- the replacement reconstruction image R2 is a tomographic image without the metal region Y1.
- the difference reconstruction image R3 is a tomographic image of only the metal region Y1.
- the symbol m1 indicates a bone tissue
- the symbol m2 indicates a soft tissue such as muscle or skin
- the symbol m3 indicates a region other than the subject M
- the symbol m4 indicates a region other than the metal region Y1.
- the X-ray tomographic image generation unit 20 reconstructs the actual measurement projection data p1 to generate the actual measurement reconstruction image R1, and the actual measurement projection data p1 from the actual measurement projection data p1 and the actual measurement reconstruction image R1.
- a metal region specifying unit 23 that specifies the metal region Y1 and acquires the metal region specifying data p1c. Further, the X-ray tomographic image generation unit 20 replaces the metal region Y1 of the actually measured projection data p1 with the data Z obtained based on the neighboring pixel K of the metal region Y1 based on the metal region specifying data p1c.
- a data replacement unit 25 that acquires the projection data p2 and a replacement image reconstruction unit 27 that reconstructs the replacement projection data p2 and generates a replacement reconstructed image R2 are provided.
- the X-ray tomographic image generation unit 20 obtains differential projection data p3 indicating only the pixel value of the metal region Y1 by subtracting the actual projection data p1 and the replacement projection data p2, and a differential projection.
- a differential image reconstruction unit 31 that reconstructs data p3 and generates a differentially reconstructed image R3.
- the X-ray tomographic image generation unit 20 selects at least one of the measured reconstructed image R1, the replacement reconstructed image R2, and the difference reconstructed image R3 for each pixel to generate a composite reconstructed image R4.
- An image generation unit 33 is provided. Next, each component of the X-ray tomographic image generation unit 20 will be specifically described.
- the metal region specifying data corresponds to the superabsorber region specifying data of the present invention
- the metal region specifying unit 23 corresponds to the high absorber region specifying unit of the present invention
- the X-ray tomographic image generation unit 20 corresponds to the radiation tomographic image generation apparatus of the present invention.
- the actual measurement image reconstruction unit 21 reconstructs a plurality of actual measurement projection data p1 acquired from different directions with respect to the subject M including metal, and generates an actual reconstruction image R1 which is a kind of tomographic image. That is, the actual measurement image reconstruction unit 21 reconstructs the actual measurement projection data p1 as it is to generate the actual measurement reconstruction image R1.
- the image reconstruction for example, one of a successive approximation method and an FBP (filtered back-projection) method is used.
- Examples of the successive approximation method include an ML-EM (maximum likelihood-expectation maximization) method, an OS-EM (ordered subsets-expectation maximization) method, a RAMLA (row-action maximum likelihood algorithm) method, and a DRAMA (dynamic RAMLA) method. Used.
- ML-EM maximum likelihood-expectation maximization
- OS-EM ordered subsets-expectation maximization
- RAMLA row-action maximum likelihood algorithm
- DRAMA dynamic RAMLA
- the metal region specifying unit 23 obtains metal region specifying data (projection data) p1c specifying the metal region Y1 of the actually measured projection data p1 from the actually measured projection data p1 and the actually measured reconstructed image R1. get.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the metal region specifying unit 23.
- region specific part 23 is demonstrated.
- the metal region specifying unit 23 includes an actual projection data threshold processing unit 23a that performs threshold processing on the actual projection data p1 and obtains projection data p1a (see FIG. 5A) after the threshold processing. Further, the metal region specifying unit 23 includes a measured reconstructed image threshold processing unit 23b that obtains a binarized measured reconstructed image R1a by performing threshold processing on the measured reconstructed image R1, and a binarized measured reconstructed image.
- a forward projection unit 23c that forward-projects the image R1a to obtain forward projection data p1b (see FIG. 5B);
- the metal region specifying unit 23 uses the threshold-processed post-projection data p1a and the forward projection data p1b to generate a graph G (see FIG. 5C) for specifying the metal region Y1. And a cutting unit 23e that acquires metal region specifying data p1c (see FIG. 5D), which is projection data obtained by cutting the graph G and specifying the metal region Y1. Details of the graph cut method will be described later. Further, in FIGS. 5B to 5D, the symbol W is a wire portion. Further, the post-threshold processing projection data p1a and the like shown in FIGS. 5A to 5D are indicated by a circular metal region Y1 and a wire W for convenience of explanation (FIGS.
- 13 (c) is the same). Therefore, for example, the replacement reconstructed image R2 of FIG. 3B is not acquired directly from the metal region specifying data p1c of FIG.
- the area Y4 is an area without data, and the area Y5 is a non-metal area.
- the measured projection data threshold processing unit 23a performs threshold processing on the measured projection data p1 to obtain measured projection data p1a after threshold processing.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a profile of the actually measured projection data p1. As shown in FIG. 6, first, the metal region Y1 which is a metal is surely distinguished by threshold processing (threshold th1). Further, the non-metal region Y2 which is non-metal is surely distinguished by threshold processing (threshold th2). As a result, the actually measured projection data p1 is divided into three regions, the metal region Y1 and the non-metal region Y2, which are surely undistinguishable. In addition, FIG.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a histogram H indicating the frequency with respect to the pixel values of all the pixels of the actually measured projection data p1.
- the thresholds th1 and th2 are set in advance from the histogram H.
- the measured reconstruction image threshold processing unit 23b performs threshold processing on the measured reconstruction image R1 that is a tomographic image, and divides it into a metal region Y1 and a region other than metal. That is, the actual measurement reconstructed image threshold processing unit 23b performs threshold processing (binarization processing) to set the metal region Y1 to “1” and the non-metal region to “0”, thereby binarized actual measurement reconstruction.
- a configuration image R1a is acquired.
- the measured reconstructed image threshold processing unit 23b generates a measured reconstructed image R1a binarized for each measured reconstructed image R1.
- FIG. 8A shows an example of the profile of the actually measured reconstructed image R1.
- a reconstructed image for example, an actually measured reconstructed image R1 generated by many reconstruction algorithms has a portion with a high luminance difference (high pixel value difference) edge (hereinafter referred to as “high luminance”).
- the pixel value of HL (referred to as “edge portion”) is remarkably increased.
- Examples of the high-luminance edge portion HL include a boundary between a metal and a living tissue (bone / soft tissue).
- the measured reconstructed image threshold processing unit 23b extracts the high-luminance edge portion HL by threshold processing (threshold th3).
- FIG. 8B is a diagram illustrating an example of the binarized actual measurement reconstructed image R1a.
- the data part after the threshold processing in FIG. When the metal region Y1 in the measured reconstruction image R1 is circular, the high-luminance edge portion HL is extracted in a donut shape in the binarized measured reconstruction image R1a.
- the binarized actual measurement reconstructed image R1a When the binarized actual measurement reconstructed image R1a is forward projected, a high-luminance edge portion HL appears in a donut shape on the forward projection data p1b.
- the donut-shaped high-luminance edge portion HL appears when there is no measured projection data from some directions, such as when the method of acquiring measured projection data is tomosynthesis as in this embodiment.
- the forward projection unit 23c forward-projects the binarized actual measurement reconstructed image R1a.
- the forward projection data p1b is obtained in which the region where the pixel value obtained by forward projection is not zero “0” is the metal region Y1, and the region where the pixel value is zero is the region Y4 without data (see FIG. 5B). ).
- the graph creation unit 23d creates a graph G used in the graph cut method.
- This graph cut method is a method of generating a graph G based on the actually measured projection data p1, the threshold-processed projection data p1a, and the forward projection data p1b, and dividing the region of the graph G based on this. Therefore, the graph cut method first creates a graph G shown in FIG. 9 from these three images.
- the graph G includes a node N corresponding to each pixel of the actually measured projection data p1, two terminals S and T, and edges (sides) connecting between the nodes and the node terminals.
- the node corresponds to each pixel of the actually measured projection data p1
- the two terminals S and T are represented by metal and nonmetal.
- a graph G is created by setting the cost to be given to each edge based on the actually measured projection data p1.
- the edge that connects between the metal side terminal and the node is not cut reliably.
- the edge connecting the non-metal terminal and the node has a cost of zero.
- the graph G created at this time includes a node N corresponding to each pixel of the actually measured projection data p1, a metal terminal S, and a non-metal terminal T.
- the graph creating unit 23d sets the edge cost in the graph cut method based on the threshold processing result of the actually measured projection data p1 and the actually measured reconstructed image R1, the pixel value of the node, and the pixel value difference between adjacent nodes.
- a seed region is set from the projection data p1a after threshold processing and the forward projection data p1b, and the above-described cost is set for an edge connecting a node and a terminal corresponding to the seed region.
- a node to be a seed region is determined by the following method.
- the graph creating unit 23d sets, in each node N in the graph G, a region determined as the metal region Y1 or the nonmetal region Y2 in the post-threshold-value projection data p1a as a seed of metal and nonmetal (FIG. 5 ( c)).
- the graph creating unit 23d determines, in each node N in the graph G, a region determined as the metal region Y1 in the forward projection data p1b as a seed of the high absorber (see FIG. 5C).
- the edge E1 is given a cost C1 based on each pixel value of the actually measured projection data p1.
- An edge E2 connecting the nodes is given a cost C2 based on a pixel value difference between the pixels of the actually measured projection data p1. For example, the cost C2 given to the edge E2 becomes smaller as the pixel value difference between the pixels increases.
- the costs C1 and C2 are indices for dividing the area.
- the cut unit 23e is configured so that the sum of the cut costs C2 is minimized.
- the unknown area Y3 of the graph G is divided. Thereby, the metal region Y1 is specified.
- the cut unit 23e outputs metal region specifying data (projection data) p1c obtained by extracting only the metal region Y1.
- the unknown area Y3a has a small pixel value difference from the surroundings of each pixel of the unknown area Y3a in the actual measurement projection data p1, so that the cost C2 is large. Become. Therefore, the unknown area Y3a is not cut.
- the data replacement unit 25 replaces the specified metal region Y1 of the actually measured projection data p1 with the data Z obtained based on the neighboring pixels K of the metal region Y1, and acquires replacement projection data p2.
- the data replacement is performed so that when there are crossing lines (L1, L2,..., Lx) crossing the metal region Y1, two pixels outside the metal region Y1 are connected.
- FIG. 10B shows the replacement data Z.
- the replacement data Z replaces pixel values by connecting two pixel values in a straight line, but may be a curve. Smoothing processing may be performed to further adjust the pixel value after data replacement. As this processing, for example, a two-dimensional Gaussian filter or median filter is used. Data replacement may be performed by other known methods.
- the replacement image reconstruction unit 27 reconstructs the replacement projection data p2 to generate a replacement reconstruction image R2.
- the generated replacement reconstruction image R2 is an image without the metal region Y1.
- image reconstruction for example, one of the successive approximation method and the FBP method is used.
- the difference processing unit 29 obtains difference projection data p3 indicating only the metal region Y1 by subtracting the actually measured projection data p1 and the replacement projection data p2.
- the difference image reconstruction unit 31 reconstructs the difference projection data p3 to generate a difference reconstruction image R3.
- the generated difference reconstructed image R3 is an image of only the metal region Y1. For example, a successive approximation method is used for image reconstruction.
- the composite image generation unit 33 receives the actual measurement reconstructed image R1, the replacement reconstructed image R2, and the difference reconstructed image R3, and stores them in a storage unit (not shown).
- the composite image generation unit 33 selects at least one of the measured reconstructed image R1, the replacement reconstructed image R2, and the difference reconstructed image R3 for each pixel to generate a composite reconstructed image R4.
- the actually measured reconstructed image R1 is a tomographic image generated based on the actually measured projection data p1, and includes the metal region Y1.
- the replacement reconstructed image R2 is a tomographic image obtained by reconstructing an image group (replacement projection data p2) obtained by deleting the metal region Y1 from the actual measurement projection data p1.
- the difference reconstructed image R3 is a tomographic image obtained by reconstructing from an image group (difference projection data p3) that is a difference between the measured projection data p1 and the replacement projection data p2.
- the composite image generation unit 33 In the actual measurement reconstructed image R1, a dark false image is generated around the metal region Y1, and this should not be displayed on the composite reconstructed image R4. In addition, unevenness is reflected in the metal region Y1 reflected in the actually measured reconstructed image R1, and this should not appear on the composite reconstructed image R4.
- the replacement reconstruction image R2 the metal region Y1 is deleted, and this alone is not an image suitable for diagnosis.
- the difference reconstruction image R3 is an image in which only the metal region Y1 is reflected this time, and this alone is not an image suitable for diagnosis. Therefore, the composite image generation unit 33 generates a composite reconstructed image R4 that is a tomographic image suitable for diagnosis by combining the three tomographic images. The composite image generation unit 33 will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.
- Step S01 Extraction of Pixel Values Arbitrary pixel values r1, r2, and r3 of the same coordinates in the actually measured reconstruction image R1, the replacement reconstruction image R2, and the difference reconstruction image R3 are extracted.
- Step S02 First Pixel Value Comparison
- the composite image generation unit 33 performs replacement reconstruction when the pixel value r2 of the replacement reconstruction image R2 is larger than the pixel value r1 of the actual measurement reconstruction image R1 (r2> r1).
- the pixel value r2 of the image R2 is selected as the pixel value r4 of the composite reconstructed image R4. That is, when the pixel value is r2> r1, the composite image generation unit 33 selects the pixel value r2 and proceeds to step S04.
- the pixels constituting the dark false image on the actually measured reconstructed image R1 are not used for the composite reconstructed image R4, but instead the pixels at the same position on the replacement reconstructed image R2 are used.
- the dark false image on the actually measured reconstructed image R1 does not appear on the synthesized reconstructed image R4.
- the replacement reconstruction image R2 is an image without the metal region Y1.
- pixels in the vicinity of the metal region Y1 tend to have a lower pixel value than the pixel value originally obtained by the metal region Y1. Therefore, by selecting the pixel value r2 of the replacement reconstructed image R2 for the pixel in the vicinity of the corresponding metal region, the pixel in the vicinity of the metal region can be brought close to the originally obtained pixel value (correction of the pixel value for undershooting). .
- Step S03 Second Pixel Value Comparison
- the composite image generation unit 33 determines that the sum (r2 + r3) of the pixel value r2 of the replacement reconstructed image R2 and the pixel value r3 of the difference reconstructed image R3 is the pixel of the actually measured reconstructed image R1.
- the sum (r2 + r3) pixel value is selected as the pixel value r4 of the composite reconstructed image R4. That is, when the pixel value is r2 + r3 ⁇ r1, the composite image generation unit 33 selects the pixel value (r2 + r3) and proceeds to step S04.
- a bright region (overestimated region) among the metal regions on the actually measured reconstructed image R1 is not used for the composite reconstructed image R4, but instead a sum (r2 + r3) pixel is used.
- a bright area among the metal areas on the actually measured reconstruction image R1 does not appear on the composite reconstruction image R4.
- unevenness does not appear in the metal region on the composite reconstructed image R4.
- the pixel value r1 of the metal region Y1 of the actually measured reconstructed image R1 is likely to be a pixel value higher than the pixel value originally obtained by overestimation at the time of image reconstruction. Therefore, by selecting the sum (r2 + r3) of the pixel value r2 of the replacement reconstructed image R2 and the pixel value r3 of the differential reconstructed image R3 as the pixel of the corresponding metal region Y1, the pixel of the high absorber region is originally obtained. (Correction of pixel values that overshoot, such as the metal region Y1).
- step S03 the composite image generation unit 33 determines that the sum (r2 + r3) of the pixel value r2 of the replacement reconstructed image R2 and the pixel value r3 of the difference reconstructed image R3 is greater than the pixel value r3 of the difference reconstructed image R3. If it is larger (r2 + r3> r1), the pixel value r1 of the actually measured reconstructed image R1 is selected as the pixel value r4 of the synthesized reconstructed image R4. That is, the composite image generation unit 33 selects the pixel value r1 of the image R1 and proceeds to step S04 when selecting “not applicable (NO)” in both step S02 and step S03.
- Areas other than the area selected as “YES” in either step S02 or step S03 where the original pixel value cannot be obtained due to the metal are actually generated by directly reconstructing the measured projection data p1.
- the pixel value r1 of the reconstructed image R1 is selected. Thereby, for example, even if the region is erroneously determined as the metal region Y1 in the difference reconstruction image R3, the erroneously determined region can be prevented from being selected.
- either the pixel value (r2 + r3) or r1 may be selected.
- the pixel value (r2 + r3) may be selected and the process may proceed to step S04.
- Step S04 Generation of Composite Reconstructed Image
- the composite image generation unit 33 uses the pixel values (r2, r2 + r3, r1) of the images R1 to R3 selected in step S02 and step S03 in the composite reconstructed image R4. This is given to the pixel r4 of coordinates. Thereby, the composite reconstructed image R4 is generated.
- Step S05 Has the composite reconstructed image been completed? If the composite reconstructed image R4 is incomplete, for example, the next pixel r4 is designated to generate the pixel r4 of the incomplete part of the composite reconstructed image R4, and the process returns to step S01. When the composite reconstructed image R4 is completed (when selection of all the pixels r4 of the composite reconstructed image R4 is completed), the processing is ended (END). As described above, the composite image generation unit 33 generates the composite reconstructed image R4.
- Step S11 Acquisition of Measured Projection Data
- the X-ray tube 3 and the FPD 4 move in parallel with each other along the body axis ax in FIG. At that time, the X-ray tube 3 irradiates the subject M with X-rays, and the FPD 4 detects X-rays transmitted through the subject M.
- the FPD 4 acquires measured projection data p1 from a plurality of different directions with respect to the subject M including metal.
- the actually measured projection data p1 is stored in the storage unit 13.
- Step S12 Generation of Measured Reconstructed Image
- the measured image reconstruction unit 21 reconstructs the measured projection data p1 to generate the measured reconstructed image R1 (see FIG. 3A).
- Step S13 Specifying the Metal Region
- the metal region specifying unit 23 specifies the metal region Y1 of the actually measured projection data p1 from the actually measured projection data p1 and the actually measured reconstructed image R1 based on the graph cut method, and the metal region specifying data p1c. To get. First, the metal region specifying unit 23 determines a seed region in the graph cut method based on the threshold processing result of the actually measured projection data p1 and the actually measured reconstructed image R1.
- the threshold value processing is performed on the actually measured projection data p1, thereby surely obtaining the metal region Y1 and the nonmetal region Y2.
- the region is divided into three regions, that is, a metal region Y1, a non-metal region Y2, and a region Y3 that cannot be distinguished.
- the metal region Y1 and the nonmetal region Y2 are set as seeds for the graph G in the graph cut method.
- threshold processing binarization processing
- the binarized actual measurement reconstructed image R1a is forward-projected, and a region obtained by forward projection and having a pixel value other than zero “0” is a metal region, and a region having a pixel value of zero is a region without data.
- the forward projection data p1b is acquired.
- the metal region Y1 of the acquired forward projection data p1b is set as a seed.
- the cost C2 between the pixels of the actually measured projection data p1 becomes smaller as the pixel value difference between the pixels increases.
- a graph G is created by setting seeds and costs C1 and C2.
- the unknown area Y3 that is not set as a seed in the graph G, the unknown area Y3 of each graph G is divided so that the sum of the costs C2 is minimized.
- the metal region Y1 is specified.
- the metal area specifying data p1c after specifying the metal area Y1 is projection data obtained by extracting only the metal area Y1 from the actually measured projection data p1.
- Step S14 Data Replacement
- the data replacement unit 25 replaces the metal region Y1 of the actually measured projection data p1 with the replacement data Z obtained based on the neighboring pixels K of the metal region Y1 based on the metal region specifying data p1c. Then, replacement projection data p2 is acquired (see FIGS. 10A and 10B).
- Step S15 Generation of Replacement Reconstructed Image
- the replacement image reconstruction unit 27 generates a replacement reconstructed image R2 by reconstructing the replacement projection data p2 (see FIG. 3B).
- the generated replacement reconstruction image R2 is an image without the metal region Y1.
- Step S16 Difference Processing
- the difference processing unit 29 obtains difference projection data p3 indicating only the metal region Y1 by subtracting the actually measured projection data p1 and the replacement projection data p2.
- Step S17 Generation of Difference Reconstructed Image
- the difference image reconstruction unit 31 reconstructs the difference projection data p3 to generate a difference reconstructed image R3.
- the generated difference reconstruction image R3 is an image of only the metal region Y1 (see FIG. 3C).
- Step S18 Generation of Composite Reconstructed Image
- the composite image generation unit 33 selects at least one of the measured reconstructed image R1, the replacement reconstructed image R2, and the difference reconstructed image R3 for each pixel, and performs composite reconstructing.
- An image R4 is generated.
- the composite image generation unit 33 gives the pixel values (r2, r2 + r3, r1) of the selected images R1 to R3 to the pixel r4 at the corresponding coordinates of the composite reconstructed image R4. Thereby, the composite reconstructed image R4 is generated.
- the generated composite reconstructed image R4 is displayed on the display unit 11 or stored in the storage unit 13.
- the actual measurement image reconstruction unit 21 reconstructs the actual measurement projection data p1 and generates the actual measurement reconstruction image R1.
- the metal region specifying unit 23 specifies the metal region Y1 of the actually measured projection data p1 from the actually measured projection data p1 and the actually measured reconstructed image R1, and acquires the metal region specifying data p1c.
- the pixel value becomes an image that is not so different from other regions, and it is difficult to correctly specify the metal region Y1.
- the actually measured reconstructed image R1 for example, the pixel value becomes significantly large at the boundary between the metal and the living tissue.
- the boundary between a metal such as a wire or a screw and a living tissue can be specified with higher accuracy.
- the actually measured projection data p1 in addition to the actually measured reconstructed image R1, it is possible to determine whether or not the inside of the boundary between the metal and the living tissue is metal, for example.
- the metal region can be specified with higher accuracy.
- the data replacement unit 25 replaces the metal region Y1 of the actually measured projection data p1 with the data Z obtained based on the neighboring pixel K of the metal region Y1 based on the metal region specifying data p1c, and replaces the projection data p2. To get.
- the replacement image reconstruction unit 27 reconstructs the replacement projection data p2 and generates a replacement reconstruction image R2 without the metal region Y1. Since the metal region Y1 is specified with higher accuracy, the metal region Y1 can be replaced with data with higher accuracy. Therefore, it is possible to restore the tissue near the metal region Y1 in the tomographic image (replacement reconstruction image R2) with higher accuracy while suppressing artifacts due to metal.
- the difference processing unit 29 obtains difference projection data p3 by subtracting the actually measured projection data p1 and the replacement projection data p2.
- the difference image reconstruction unit 31 reconstructs the difference projection data p3 to generate a difference reconstruction image R3 of only the metal region Y1.
- the composite image generation unit 33 selects at least one of the measured reconstructed image R1, the replacement reconstructed image R2, and the difference reconstructed image R3 for each pixel, and generates a composite reconstructed image R4. That is, not only the replacement reconstructed image R2 but also the composite reconstructed image R4 is generated from the actually measured reconstructed image R1 and the difference reconstructed image R3.
- an optimal image is selected for each pixel, and thus a tomographic image (synthesized reconstructed image R4) in which metal is shown in the metal region Y1 can be obtained while suppressing artifacts due to metal.
- the metal region specifying unit 23 specifies the metal region Y1 of the actually measured projection data p1 from the actually measured projection data p1 and the actually measured reconstructed image R1 based on the graph cut method, and acquires the metal region specifying data p1c. Thereby, the metal area
- region Y1 can be pinpointed accurately with respect to another method.
- the metal region specifying unit 23 sets a seed region in the graph cut method based on the threshold processing result of the actually measured projection data p1 and the actually measured reconstructed image R1. Thereby, the seed region in the graph cut method can be automatically set based on the threshold processing result. Therefore, it is possible to easily identify the metal region Y1.
- At least one of the measured image reconstruction unit 21, the replacement image reconstruction unit 27, and the difference image reconstruction unit 31 performs image reconstruction based on the successive approximation method. Thereby, image reconstruction can be performed with high accuracy.
- the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and can be modified as follows.
- the metal region specifying unit 23 specifies the metal region Y1 of the actually measured projection data p1 from the actually measured projection data p1 and the actually measured reconstructed image R1 based on the graph cut method, and the metal region specifying data.
- p1c is acquired, it is not limited to this.
- the metal region Y1 is specified by a region dividing method such as a method using a static threshold, a method using a dynamic threshold, a method using a Snake, a level set method, and a grab cut method. You may do it. In these methods, although the method of using the actually measured reconstructed image R1 is different, forward projection data is always created.
- a method of using a static threshold will be specifically described as an example of a method of specifying the metal region Y1.
- the non-metal region Y2 is indicated by “0”.
- the metal region Y1 on the actual projection data p1 is extracted using the actual reconstruction image R1 (see FIG. 13B).
- the measured reconstructed image R1 is subjected to static threshold processing, and the actually measured reconstructed image R1 after the threshold processing is forward projected to create forward projection data.
- the metal region Y1 on the actually measured projection data p1 shown in FIG. 13B is extracted.
- the region determined as the metal region Y1 in at least one of FIG. 13A and FIG. 13B is defined as a metal region Y1 as a final result (see FIG. 13C).
- the seed of the graph G used in the graph cut method is automatically set.
- the actual measurement projection data p1 and the actual measurement reconstruction image R1 are displayed on the display unit 11.
- the metal region Y1 and the non-metal region Y2 are designated from the input unit 12, and the actual measurement reconstruction image R1
- the metal region Y1 is designated from the input unit 12.
- the metal region Y1 and the nonmetal region Y2 designated on the actual measurement projection data p1 are set as seeds.
- the metal region specifying unit 23 sets a seed region in the graph cut method from the actually measured projection data p1 and the actually measured reconstructed image R1 by the input from the input unit 12. As long as the seed is set from the actually measured projection data p1 and the actually measured reconstructed image R1, a graph cut method different from the above-described embodiment may be used.
- the composite image generation unit 33 selects at least one image among the actually measured reconstructed image R1, the replacement reconstructed image R2, and the difference reconstructed image R3 for each pixel.
- a composite reconstructed image R4 is generated.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the composite reconstructed image R4 may be generated by selecting each 2 ⁇ 2 pixel region.
- the composite image generation unit 33 corrects a pixel value that overshoots, such as step S02 for correcting the pixel value that undershoots, and the metal region Y1 in the flowchart shown in FIG.
- One of the steps S03 may be omitted to generate the composite reconstructed image R4.
- the pixel value r1 of the image R1 may be selected when determining “No” in the determination of step S03.
- the pixel value r1 of the image R1 may be selected when determining “No” in the determination of step S02.
- the X-ray tomographic image generation unit 20 may be configured by a personal computer, a workstation, or the like. That is, the X-ray tomographic image generation unit 20 includes a control unit configured by a CPU or the like for executing a program, and a storage unit configured by a storage medium such as a ROM or RAM that stores the program or the like. Good.
- the storage unit may store a program for the operations of steps S01 to S05 and S11 to S18, and the program may be executed by the control unit. In this case, an operation necessary for this program is input by the input unit 12, and the composite reconstructed image R ⁇ b> 4 after the execution of the program is displayed on the display unit 11.
- the operation program of steps S01 to S05 and S11 to S18 may be stored in the storage unit 13 and executed by the main control unit 9.
- an operation necessary for this program is input by the input unit 12, for example, the composite reconstructed image R ⁇ b> 4 is displayed on the display unit 11.
- the operation program may be executed on a personal computer connected to the X-ray tomography apparatus 1 through a network system such as a LAN.
- the X-ray tomography apparatus 1 obtains the measured projection data p1 by translating the X-ray tube 3 and the FPD 4 in opposite directions. It was. However, the X-ray tomography apparatus 1 may acquire the measured projection data p1 by rotating the X-ray tube 3 and the FPD 4 around the subject M.
- the X-ray tomography apparatus 1 corresponding to tomosynthesis has been described as an example of a radiation tomography apparatus.
- the radiation tomography apparatus may be an X-ray CT apparatus.
- the FPD 4 has been described as an example of the actual projection data acquisition unit, but an image intensifier may be used.
- Difference image reconstruction part 33 Composite image generation unit th1, th2, th3... Threshold Y1... Metal region Y2... Nonmetal region Y3, Y3a... Unknown region R4... Composite reconstructed image G... Graph p1... Measured projection data p1a... Threshold-processed projection data p1b ... Forward projection data p1c ... Metal region specifying data p2 ... Replacement projection data p3 ... Difference projection data R1 ... Actual reconstruction image R2 ... Replacement reconstruction image R3 ... Difference reconstruction image R4 ... Composite reconstruction image r1 to r4 ... Pixel values Z ... Replacement data
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Abstract
Description
すなわち、本発明に係る放射線断層画像生成部は、放射線高吸収体を含む被検体に対して異なる方向から取得した複数の実測投影データを画像再構成して実測再構成画像を生成する実測画像再構成部と、前記実測投影データおよび前記実測再構成画像から実測投影データの高吸収体領域を特定して高吸収体領域特定データを取得する高吸収体領域特定部と、前記高吸収体領域特定データを用いて、前記実測投影データの高吸収体領域をその高吸収体領域の近傍画素に基づき得られたデータでデータ置換を行って置換投影データを取得するデータ置換部と、前記置換投影データを画像再構成して置換再構成画像を生成する置換画像再構成部と、を備えていることを特徴とするものである。
実測画像再構成部21は、金属を含む被検体Mに対して異なる方向から取得した複数枚の実測投影データp1を画像再構成して断層画像の一種である実測再構成画像R1を生成する。すなわち、実測画像再構成部21は、実測投影データp1をそのまま画像再構成して実測再構成画像R1を生成する。画像再構成は、例えば、逐次近似法およびFBP(filtered back-projection)法のうちいずれかが用いられる。逐次近似法としては、例えば、ML-EM(maximum likelihood - expectation maximization)法、OS-EM(ordered subsets - expectation maximization)法、RAMLA(row-action maximum likelihood algorithm)法、DRAMA(dynamic RAMLA)法が用いられる。
金属領域特定部23は、グラフカット(graph cuts)法に基づいて、実測投影データp1および実測再構成画像R1から実測投影データp1の金属領域Y1を特定した金属領域特定データ(投影データ)p1cを取得する。
図2に戻る。データ置換部25は、実測投影データp1の特定した金属領域Y1をその金属領域Y1の近傍画素Kに基づき得られたデータZでデータ置換を行って置換投影データp2を取得する。データ置換は、例えば図10(a)に示すように、金属領域Y1を横断する横断ライン(L1,L2,…,Lx)があるときに、金属領域Y1外側の2つの画素を結ぶように画素値を置換する。図10(b)に、置換データZを示す。置換データZは、2つの画素値を直線状に結んで画素値を置換しているが、曲線であってもよい。データ置換後に更に画素値をなじませる平滑化処理をおこなってもよい。この処理として、例えば2次元のガウスフィルタやメディアンフィルタが用いられる。なお、データ置換は、その他の既知の方法で行ってもよい。
置換画像再構成部27は、置換投影データp2を画像再構成して置換再構成画像R2を生成する。生成された置換再構成画像R2は、金属領域Y1なしの画像となる。画像再構成は、同様に、例えば逐次近似法およびFBP法のうちいずれかの手法が用いられる。
差分処理部29は、実測投影データp1と置換投影データp2とを差分して金属領域Y1のみを示した差分投影データp3を取得する。差分画像再構成部31は、差分投影データp3を画像再構成して差分再構成画像R3を生成する。生成された差分再構成画像R3は、金属領域Y1のみの画像となる。画像再構成は、例えば逐次近似法が用いられる。
合成画像生成部33には、実測再構成画像R1、置換再構成画像R2および差分再構成画像R3が送られ、図示しない記憶部に記憶されている。合成画像生成部33は、実測再構成画像R1、置換再構成画像R2および差分再構成画像R3のうち少なくとも1つの画像を画素毎に選択して合成再構成画像R4を生成するものである。ここで、実測再構成画像R1は、実測投影データp1を元に生成された断層画像であり、金属領域Y1を写し込んでいる。置換再構成画像R2は、実測投影データp1から金属領域Y1を消去した画像群(置換投影データp2)から再構成して得られた断層画像である。差分再構成画像R3は、実測投影データp1と、置換投影データp2との差分である画像群(差分投影データp3)から再構成して得られた断層画像である。
実測再構成画像R1、置換再構成画像R2および差分再構成画像R3内の同じ座標の任意の画素値r1,r2,r3を取り出す。
合成画像生成部33は、置換再構成画像R2の画素値r2が実測再構成画像R1の画素値r1よりも大きい場合(r2>r1)に、置換再構成画像R2の画素値r2を選択して合成再構成画像R4の画素値r4とする。すなわち、合成画像生成部33は、画素値がr2>r1の場合、画素値r2を選択して、ステップS04へ進ませる。このステップで、実測再構成画像R1上の暗い偽像を構成する画素は、合成再構成画像R4に使用されず、その代わりに置換再構成画像R2上における同一位置の画素が使用される。これで、実測再構成画像R1上の暗い偽像は、合成再構成画像R4上に現れない。
合成画像生成部33は、置換再構成画像R2の画素値r2と差分再構成画像R3の画素値r3の和(r2+r3)が、実測再構成画像R1の画素値r1よりも小さい場合(r2+r3<r1)に、和(r2+r3)の画素値を選択して合成再構成画像R4の画素値r4とする。すなわち、合成画像生成部33は、画素値がr2+r3<r1の場合、画素値(r2+r3)を選択して、ステップS04へ進ませる。このステップで、実測再構成画像R1上の金属領域のうち明るい領域(過剰評価された領域)は、合成再構成画像R4に使用されず、その代わりに和(r2+r3)の画素が使用される。これで、実測再構成画像R1上の金属領域のうち明るい領域は、合成再構成画像R4上に現れない。これにより、合成再構成画像R4上の金属領域には、ムラが現れない。
合成画像生成部33は、ステップS02およびステップS03において選択された画像R1~R3の画素値(r2,r2+r3,r1)を、合成再構成画像R4の対応する座標の画素r4に与える。これにより、合成再構成画像R4を生成する。
合成再構成画像R4が未完成の場合は、合成再構成画像R4の未完成部分の画素r4を生成するために、例えば次の画素r4を指定して、ステップS01に戻る。合成再構成画像R4が完成した場合(合成再構成画像R4の全画素r4の選択が終了した場合)は、処理を終了する(END)。以上のように、合成画像生成部33は、合成再構成画像R4を生成する。
X線管3およびFPD4は、被検体Mの図1中の体軸axに沿って互いに逆方向に同期しながら平行移動する。その際、X線管3は、被検体Mに向けてX線を照射し、FPD4は、被検体Mを透過したX線を検出する。FPD4は、金属を含む被検体Mに対して異なる複数の方向からの実測投影データp1を取得する。実測投影データp1は、記憶部13に記憶される。
実測画像再構成部21は、実測投影データp1を画像再構成して実測再構成画像R1を生成する(図3(a)参照)。
金属領域特定部23は、グラフカット法に基づいて、実測投影データp1および実測再構成画像R1から実測投影データp1の金属領域Y1を特定して金属領域特定データp1cを取得する。まず、金属領域特定部23は、実測投影データp1および実測再構成画像R1の閾値処理結果に基づきグラフカット法におけるシード領域を決定する。
データ置換部25は、金属領域特定データp1cに基づいて実測投影データp1の金属領域Y1をその金属領域Y1の近傍画素Kに基づき得られた置換データZでデータ置換を行って置換投影データp2を取得する(図10(a)および図10(b)参照)。
置換画像再構成部27は、置換投影データp2を画像再構成して置換再構成画像R2を生成する(図3(b)参照)。生成された置換再構成画像R2は、金属領域Y1無しの画像である。
差分処理部29は、実測投影データp1と置換投影データp2とを差分して金属領域Y1のみを示した差分投影データp3を取得する。
差分画像再構成部31は、差分投影データp3を画像再構成して差分再構成画像R3を生成する。生成された差分再構成画像R3は、金属領域Y1のみの画像である(図3(c)参照)。
合成画像生成部33は、実測再構成画像R1、置換再構成画像R2および差分再構成画像R3のうち少なくとも1つの画像を画素毎に選択して合成再構成画像R4を生成する。合成画像生成部33は、選択された画像R1~R3の画素値(r2,r2+r3,r1)を、合成再構成画像R4の対応する座標の画素r4に与える。これにより、合成再構成画像R4を生成する。生成された合成再構成画像R4は、表示部11に表示されたり、記憶部13で記憶されたりする。
4 … フラットパネル型X線検出器(FPD)
9 … 主制御部
20 … X線断層画像生成部
21 … 実測画像再構成部
23 … 金属領域特定部
25 … データ置換部
27 … 置換画像再構成部
29 … 差分処理部
31 … 差分画像再構成部
33 … 合成画像生成部
th1,th2,th3 … 閾値
Y1 … 金属領域
Y2 … 非金属領域
Y3,Y3a … 不明領域
R4 … 合成再構成画像
G … グラフ
p1 … 実測投影データ
p1a … 閾値処理後投影データ
p1b … 順投影データ
p1c … 金属領域特定データ
p2 … 置換投影データ
p3 … 差分投影データ
R1 … 実測再構成画像
R2 … 置換再構成画像
R3 … 差分再構成画像
R4 … 合成再構成画像
r1~r4 … 画素値
Z … 置換データ
Claims (10)
- 放射線高吸収体を含む被検体に対して異なる方向から取得した複数の実測投影データを画像再構成して実測再構成画像を生成する実測画像再構成部と、
前記実測投影データおよび前記実測再構成画像から実測投影データの高吸収体領域を特定して高吸収体領域特定データを取得する高吸収体領域特定部と、
前記高吸収体領域特定データを用いて、前記実測投影データの高吸収体領域をその高吸収体領域の近傍画素に基づき得られたデータでデータ置換を行って置換投影データを取得するデータ置換部と、
前記置換投影データを画像再構成して置換再構成画像を生成する置換画像再構成部と、
を備えていることを特徴とする放射線断層画像生成装置。 - 請求項1に記載の放射線断層画像生成装置において、
前記実測投影データと前記置換投影データとを差分して差分投影データを取得する差分処理部と、
前記差分投影データを画像再構成して差分再構成画像を生成する差分画像再構成部と、
前記実測再構成画像、前記置換再構成画像および前記差分再構成画像のうち少なくとも1つの画像を領域毎に選択して合成再構成画像を生成する合成画像生成部と、
を備えていることを特徴とする放射線断層画像生成装置。 - 請求項2に記載の放射線断層画像生成装置において、
前記合成画像生成部は、前記実測再構成画像および前記置換再構成画像内の同じ座標の画素値であって、前記置換再構成画像の画素値が前記実測再構成画像の画素値よりも大きい場合に、前記置換再構成画像の画素値を選択して合成再構成画像を生成することを特徴とする放射線断層画像生成装置。 - 請求項2または3に記載の放射線断層画像生成装置において、
前記合成画像生成部は、前記実測再構成画像、前記置換再構成画像および前記差分再構成画像内の同じ座標の画素値であって、前記置換再構成画像の画素値と前記差分再構成画像の画素値の和が、前記実測再構成画像の画素値よりも小さい場合に、前記和の画素値を選択して合成再構成画像を生成することを特徴とする放射線断層画像生成装置。 - 請求項2から4のいずれかに記載の放射線断層画像生成装置において、
前記合成画像生成部は、前記実測再構成画像、前記置換再構成画像および前記差分再構成画像内の同じ座標の画素値であって、前記置換再構成画像の画素値と前記差分再構成画像の画素値の和が、前記差分再構成画像の画素値よりも大きい場合に、前記実測再構成画像の画素値を選択して合成再構成画像を生成することを特徴とする放射線断層画像生成装置。 - 請求項1から5のいずれかに記載の放射線断層画像生成装置において、
前記高吸収体領域特定部は、グラフカット法に基づいて、前記実測投影データおよび前記実測再構成画像から実測投影データの高吸収体領域を特定して高吸収体領域特定データを取得することを特徴とする放射線断層画像生成装置。 - 請求項6に記載の放射線断層画像生成装置において、
前記高吸収体領域特定部は、前記実測投影データおよび前記実測再構成画像の閾値処理結果に基づきグラフカット法におけるシード領域を設定することを特徴とする放射線断層画像生成装置。 - 請求項1から7のいずれかに記載の放射線断層画像生成装置において、
前記実測画像再構成部、前記置換画像再構成部および前記差分画像再構成部の少なくともいずれかは、逐次近似法に基づいて画像再構成を行うことを特徴とする放射線断層画像生成装置。 - 放射線高吸収体を含む被検体に対して異なる方向から複数の実測投影データを取得する実測投影データ取得部と、
前記実測投影データを画像再構成して実測再構成画像を生成する実測画像再構成部と、
前記実測投影データおよび前記実測再構成画像から実測投影データの高吸収体領域を特定して高吸収体領域特定データを取得する高吸収体領域特定部と、
前記高吸収体領域特定データを用いて前記実測投影データの高吸収体領域をその高吸収体領域の近傍画素に基づき得られたデータでデータ置換を行って置換投影データを取得するデータ置換部と、
前記置換投影データを画像再構成して置換再構成画像を生成する置換画像再構成部と、
を備えていることを特徴とする放射線断層撮影装置。 - 放射線高吸収体を含む被検体に対して異なる方向から取得した複数の実測投影データを画像再構成して実測再構成画像を生成するステップと、
前記実測投影データおよび前記実測再構成画像から実測投影データの高吸収体領域を特定して高吸収体領域特定データを取得するステップと、
前記高吸収体領域特定データを用いて前記実測投影データの高吸収体領域をその高吸収体領域の近傍画素に基づき得られたデータでデータ置換を行って置換投影データを取得するステップと、
前記置換投影データを画像再構成して置換再構成画像を生成するステップと、
を備えていることを特徴とする放射線断層画像生成方法。
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EP2891455A4 (en) | 2015-09-02 |
JPWO2014033792A1 (ja) | 2016-08-08 |
EP2891455A1 (en) | 2015-07-08 |
EP2891455B1 (en) | 2017-11-22 |
US9486178B2 (en) | 2016-11-08 |
JP5994858B2 (ja) | 2016-09-21 |
CN104602606A (zh) | 2015-05-06 |
CN104602606B (zh) | 2017-06-23 |
US20150305702A1 (en) | 2015-10-29 |
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