WO2014030745A1 - バイオマスからのエタノールの生産方法 - Google Patents
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- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/02—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group
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- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/02—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group
- C12P7/04—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic
- C12P7/06—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage
- C12P7/08—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing ethanol from biomass.
- biomass is a renewable resource, exists in large quantities on the earth, and does not increase carbon dioxide in the atmosphere even if it is used (carbon neutral), thereby contributing to the prevention of global warming.
- bioethanol is mainly made from corn and sugarcane, and competition with food is a problem. Therefore, in the future, production of bioethanol using lignocellulosic biomass such as rice straw, wheat straw and waste wood that does not compete with food will be required.
- Lignocellulosic biomass is mainly composed of three types of components: cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin.
- cellulose when saccharified to glucose, cellulose can be used for ethanol fermentation by yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae that can assimilate glucose.
- yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae that can assimilate glucose.
- natural yeast even if hemicellulose is saccharified to pentoses such as xylose and arabinose, natural yeast has a very low ability to assimilate such as xylose and arabinose, so that it is difficult to utilize for ethanol production by fermentation.
- xylose reductase (XR) and xylitol dehydrogenase (XDH) derived from the yeast Pichia stipitis and xylulokinase derived from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae were used using genetic recombination techniques.
- Yeast that overexpresses these enzymes by introducing the gene (XK) into yeast has been produced (Non-patent Documents 1 and 2).
- xylose isomerase (XI) from the genus Anaerobic Piromyces or Orpinomyces (XI) and XK gene derived from yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are introduced into yeast and expressed, whereby ethanol fermentation from xylose (Non-Patent Document 3).
- xylose-assimilating yeast has enabled ethanol fermentation from xylose
- problems in industrializing this For example, xylose has problems such as a slow rate of assimilation (consumption) compared to glucose, a slow ethanol production rate, and a low ethanol yield.
- the biggest problem in the practical application of ethanol production from cellulosic biomass is the presence of fermentation inhibitors in saccharified biomass.
- an enzymatic method, a dilute sulfuric acid method, a hydrothermal decomposition method, or the like is used.
- Enzymatic methods require many kinds and a large amount of enzymes, and there is a problem in cost for industrialization.
- dilute sulfuric acid method and hydrothermal decomposition method produce various overdecomposition products (by-products) such as weak acids such as acetic acid and formic acid, aldehydes such as furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), and phenols such as vanillin.
- Non-Patent Documents 4 to 6 are fermentation inhibitors that greatly inhibit ethanol fermentation from xylose. Therefore, in order to put ethanol fermentation from biomass into practical use using the sulfuric acid method and hydrothermal decomposition method, which are advantageous in terms of cost, even in the presence of yeast that is resistant to biomass over-decomposition, or these fermentation inhibitors A yeast capable of efficient ethanol fermentation is required.
- Non-Patent Documents 4 to 6 It has been found that furfural has a great influence on yeast survival, growth rate, budding, ethanol yield, biomass yield, enzyme activity and the like. HMF was found to cause lipid accumulation, reduce protein content, and inhibit alcohol dehydrogenase, aldehyde dehydrogenase and pyruvate dehydrogenase in yeast cells. In order to search for resistance genes against furfural and HMF, research has been carried out using methods such as screening for disrupted strains and transcription analysis (Non-patent Documents 7 and 8).
- weak acids such as acetic acid and formic acid are considered to affect the pH in yeast cells. That is, the weak acid in the medium is present in an undissociated state, and when this non-dissociated weak acid permeates the yeast cell membrane and enters the yeast cytosol near pH neutral, anion, proton and It is considered that the pH in the yeast cell is decreased by dissociating into (Non-patent Document 4).
- ATPase works to maintain homeostasis and consequently requires ATP.
- ATP is regenerated by ethanol fermentation.
- ethanol fermentation from xylose is considered to have low ATP regeneration efficiency because fermentability decreases in the presence of acetic acid.
- the present inventors examined the relationship between acetic acid and pH in the fermentation medium in a strain obtained by introducing XR, XDH and XK genes into the MN8140X strain of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It was found that yeast fermentation inhibition does not occur when the pH is adjusted from the acidic side to the neutral side. It has been reported that similar results were obtained even in yeast introduced with XI and XK genes (Non-patent Document 9).
- the present inventors have used xylose-assimilating yeast transformed to overexpress at least one gene of a pentose phosphate pathway metabolic enzyme such as transaldolase (TAL) or transketolase (TKL). Efficient ethanol fermentation from xylose has been studied even in the presence of acetic acid (Patent Document 1).
- TAL transaldolase
- TKL transketolase
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for efficiently producing ethanol by ethanol fermentation from xylose using saccharified biomass containing various fermentation inhibitors.
- the present inventors have introduced various yeasts in saccharified biomass, which are obtained by introducing an acetic acid-responsive transcription factor gene into xylose-assimilating yeast and overexpressing the gene.
- the present invention was completed by finding that it has resistance to the fermentation inhibitory substance.
- the present invention provides a method for producing ethanol from biomass, which comprises mixing and cultivating xylose-assimilating yeast transformed with saccharified biomass so as to overexpress the gene for an acetic acid-responsive transcription factor. including.
- the acetic acid responsive transcription factor is Haa1.
- the transformed xylose-assimilating yeast is a yeast deficient in the PHO13 gene.
- the saccharified biomass includes a fermentation inhibitor.
- the fermentation inhibitor is at least one selected from the group consisting of acetic acid, formic acid, furfural, hydroxymethylfurfural and vanillin.
- the present invention also provides a xylose-assimilating yeast transformed so as to overexpress the gene for an acetic acid responsive transcription factor.
- the acetic acid responsive transcription factor is Haa1.
- the transformed xylose-assimilating yeast is a yeast deficient in the PHO13 gene.
- the present invention also provides a method for producing a xylose-assimilating yeast that exhibits resistance to a fermentation inhibitor when mixed with saccharified biomass, cultured and fermented, and the method provides an acetic acid-responsive transcription factor to the xylose-assimilating yeast. A step of transforming so that the above gene is overexpressed.
- the present invention also provides a method for producing a xylose-assimilating yeast that exhibits resistance to acetic acid when mixed with saccharified biomass, cultured and fermented, and the method comprises the gene for an acetic acid-responsive transcription factor in a xylose-assimilating yeast. Transforming to overexpress.
- the acetic acid responsive transcription factor is Haa1.
- the method further includes the step of deleting the PHO13 gene from the xylose-assimilating yeast.
- ethanol can be efficiently produced by ethanol fermentation from xylose using saccharified biomass containing various fermentation inhibitors. This makes it possible to produce bioethanol using lignocellulosic biomass such as rice straw, wheat straw, and waste wood that does not compete with food.
- the yeast of the present invention is a transformed xylose-assimilating yeast into which an acetic acid-responsive transcription factor gene has been introduced.
- the xylose-assimilating yeast used for transformation is not particularly limited as long as it is a yeast that can produce ethanol from xylose by ethanol fermentation. Examples thereof include xylose-assimilating yeast obtained by introducing a plasmid that imparts xylose-assimilating ability to yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
- the plasmid imparting xylose utilization ability can be prepared according to, for example, the description of S. Katahira et al., Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 2006, Vol. 72, p. 1136-1143.
- the method for introducing a gene into yeast is not particularly limited.
- a lithium acetate method, an electroporation method, and a protoplast method can be mentioned.
- the introduced gene may exist in the form of a plasmid, or may exist in a form inserted into a yeast chromosome or in a form integrated into a yeast chromosome by homologous recombination.
- the acetic acid-responsive transcription factor is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include Haa1. Preferably, it is Haa1.
- Haa1 E. Bellissimi et al., “Identification of a DNA-binding site for the transcription factor Haa 1, required for Saccharomyces cerevisiae response to acetic acid stress, 2011, Vol.
- TPO2 gene In response to acetic acid, TPO2 gene, YLR297w gene, STP3 gene, YRO2 gene, YAR029w gene, TOS3 gene, YIR035c gene, YGP1 gene, PCL10 gene, YPR127w gene, DSD1 gene, MSN4 gene, YJR096w gene, SPI1 gene , HOR2 gene, YKR075c gene, SUR2 gene, ICY1 gene, INM1 gene, SAP30 gene, YNL200c gene, STF2 gene, SYC1 gene, YLR326w gene, YAR028w gene, YNL024 Gene, YNR034w-a gene, GPG1 gene, PDE1 gene, ADI1 gene, YNL217w gene, NRG1 gene, YPL071c gene, TMA10 gene, GRX8 gene, PFK27 gene, FKH2 gene, EEB1 gene
- the gene for an acetic acid responsive transcription factor may be endogenous or exogenous in the host microorganism.
- a gene derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae can be used, and the base sequence of this gene is as shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 (its encoded amino acid sequence is shown in SEQ ID NO: 2).
- the gene of a well-known acetic acid response transcription factor can be utilized suitably, It is not limited to the gene illustrated above.
- the gene can be used regardless of origin. That is, the gene may be derived from organisms such as animals, plants, fungi (such as molds), and bacteria other than those described above. Those skilled in the art can appropriately obtain information on such genes by accessing various gene database (for example, NCBI) websites (for example, for Haa1, the NCBI gene registration number is Gene ⁇ ID: 856117). is there).
- the gene of the acetate-responsive transcription factor used in the present invention has an acetate-responsive transcription activity, it has a certain relationship with the sequence information disclosed in the database or the like or the sequences of various genes specifically described in the present specification. It may be a gene encoding a protein having As such an embodiment, a protein comprising an amino acid sequence in which one or several amino acids are deleted, substituted or added in the disclosed amino acid sequence, and having an enzymatic activity to be expressed or enhanced in the present invention is provided. Examples include the gene to be encoded. Any one type of amino acid mutation relative to the disclosed amino acid sequence, that is, deletion, substitution or addition may be used, or two or more types may be combined.
- the total number of these mutations is not particularly limited, but is, for example, about 1 or more and 10 or less, or 1 or more and 5 or less.
- amino acid substitutions may be any substitution as long as each enzyme activity is present, and examples include conservative substitutions. Specifically, within the following groups (that is, between amino acids shown in parentheses): ) (Glycine, alanine) (valine, isoleucine, leucine) (aspartic acid, glutamic acid) (asparagine, glutamine) (serine, threonine) (lysine, arginine) (phenylalanine, tyrosine).
- the gene used in the present invention has an amino acid sequence having, for example, 70% or more sequence identity with respect to the disclosed amino acid sequence, and is intended to be expressed or enhanced in the present invention. And a gene encoding a protein having the enzyme activity. Sequence identity can also be 74% or more, 78% or more, 80% or more, 85% or more, 90% or more, 95% or more, or 98% or more.
- sequence identity or similarity is a relationship between two or more proteins or two or more polynucleotides determined by comparing sequences, as is known in the art. .
- Sequence “identity” means between protein or polynucleotide sequences, as determined by alignment between protein or polynucleotide sequences, or in some cases by alignment between a series of partial sequences. Means the degree of sequence invariance.
- similarity refers to a protein or polynucleotide sequence as determined by alignment between protein or polynucleotide sequences, or in some cases by alignment between a series of partial sequences. It means the degree of correlation.
- the method for determining identity and similarity is preferably a method designed to align the longest between the sequences to be compared. Methods for determining identity and similarity are provided as programs available to the public. For example, the BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) program by Altschul et al. (Eg Altschul et al., J. Mol. Biol., 1990, 215: 403-410; Altschyl et al, Nucleic Acids Res., 1997, 25: 3389-3402 ) Can be determined.
- the conditions for using software such as BLAST are not particularly limited, but it is preferable to use default values.
- a gene that hybridizes under stringent conditions with a DNA consisting of a base sequence complementary to a DNA consisting of the disclosed base sequence can be mentioned.
- the stringent condition refers to, for example, a condition where a so-called specific hybrid is formed and a non-specific hybrid is not formed.
- nucleic acid having high nucleotide sequence identity that is, a disclosed nucleotide sequence, for example, 65% or more, 70% or more, 75% or more, 78% or more, 80% or more, 85% or more, 90% or more, 95%
- examples include a condition in which a complementary strand of DNA consisting of a base sequence having the above or 98% identity is hybridized and a complementary strand of a nucleic acid having a lower homology is not hybridized.
- the sodium salt concentration is, for example, 15 to 750 mM, 50 to 750 mM, or 300 to 750 mM
- the temperature is, for example, 25 to 70 ° C., 50 to 70 ° C., or 55 to 65 ° C.
- the formamide concentration is, for example, The conditions are 0 to 50%, 20 to 50%, or 35 to 45%.
- the filter washing conditions after hybridization are such that the sodium salt concentration is, for example, 15 to 600 mM, 50 to 600 mM, or 300 to 600 mM, and the temperature is, for example, 50 to 70 ° C., 55 to 70 ° C. Or 60 to 65 ° C.
- the disclosed base sequence and, for example, 65% or more, 70% or more, 75% or more, 78% or more, 80% or more, 85% or more, 90% or more, 95% or more, or 98%
- examples thereof include a gene comprising a DNA having a base sequence having the above identity and encoding a protein having an enzyme activity to be expressed or enhanced in the present invention.
- Such a gene is, for example, using DNA extracted from various organisms, various cDNA libraries, genomic DNA libraries, etc. as a template using primers designed based on the disclosed or known base sequences. By performing PCR amplification, it can be obtained as a nucleic acid fragment.
- a nucleic acid fragment can be obtained by performing hybridization using a nucleic acid derived from the above library as a template and a DNA fragment that is a part of a gene encoding an enzyme to be expressed or expressed in the present invention as a probe. Can do.
- the gene may be synthesized as a nucleic acid fragment by various nucleic acid sequence synthesis methods known in the art such as chemical synthesis methods.
- the gene may be modified by, for example, a DNA encoding a disclosed or known amino acid sequence by a conventional mutagenesis method, site-directed mutagenesis method, molecular evolution method using error-prone PCR, or the like.
- a known technique such as the Kunkel method or the Gapped duplex method, or a method equivalent thereto can be mentioned.
- a mutation introduction kit using site-directed mutagenesis for example, Mutant-K (Takara Bio Inc.)) Mutant-G (manufactured by company) or Mutant-G (manufactured by Takara Bio Inc.)
- the LA PCR in vitro Mutagenesis series kit of Takara Bio Inc. is introduced.
- the gene may be codon optimized to optimize expression in the host microorganism. Codon optimization can be performed using any means and apparatus commonly used by those skilled in the art.
- the form in which the expression of the gene encoding the acetate responsive transcription factor is enhanced is not particularly limited. It is only necessary to confirm an increase in the production amount or activity of these proteins compared to before the modification that enhances the expression of these genes.
- gene expression for example, any endogenous gene is linked under the control of a stronger promoter (which can be either a constitutive promoter or an inducible promoter). Embodiments are mentioned.
- a stronger promoter which can be either a constitutive promoter or an inducible promoter.
- an embodiment in which either an endogenous gene and / or an exogenous gene is additionally introduced can be mentioned. Any additionally introduced gene is preferably operably retained by a strong promoter, such as a constitutive promoter.
- the enhancement of expression is also referred to as “overexpression” in the present specification.
- the acetate-responsive transcription factor gene is preferably inserted into a plasmid.
- the plasmid preferably has a selection marker and a replication gene for Escherichia coli in terms of facilitating preparation of the plasmid and detection of the transformant.
- the selection marker is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include drug resistance genes and auxotrophic genes.
- the drug resistance gene is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an ampicillin resistance gene (Amp r ) and a kanamycin resistance gene (Kan r ).
- the auxotrophic gene is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include N- (5′-phosphoribosyl) anthranilate isomerase (TRP1) gene, tryptophan synthase (TRP5) gene, malate ⁇ -isopropyl dehydrogenase (LEU2) gene, imidazoleglycerol Examples thereof include a phosphate dehydrogenase (HIS3) gene, a histidinol dehydrogenase (HIS4) gene, a dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (URA1) gene, and an orotidine-5-phosphate decarboxylase (URA3) gene.
- a replication gene for yeast is not always necessary.
- the plasmid preferably has an appropriate promoter and terminator for expressing the acetate-responsive transcription factor gene in yeast.
- the promoter and terminator are not particularly limited.
- triose phosphate dehydrogenase (TDH3) gene phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) gene, glyceraldehyde 3′-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene, glyceraldehyde 3′- Examples include the promoter and terminator of the phosphate dehydrogenase (GAP) gene.
- TDH3 triose phosphate dehydrogenase
- PGK phosphoglycerate kinase
- GAP glyceraldehyde 3′- Examples
- the plasmid has a gene necessary for homologous recombination, if necessary.
- the gene required for homologous recombination is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include Trp1, LEU2, HIS3, and URA3.
- the plasmid optionally has a secretory signal sequence.
- the plasmid as described above can be prepared according to the description in Example 1 below, but is not particularly limited.
- pIU-GluRAG-SBA and pIH-GluRAG-SBA described in R. Yamada et al., Enzyme Microb. Technol., 2009, Vol. 44, p. 344-349 can also be used.
- An acetate-responsive transcription factor gene is inserted between the promoter and terminator of these plasmids.
- plasmids having an acetic acid-responsive transcription factor gene When introducing plasmids having an acetic acid-responsive transcription factor gene into xylose-assimilating yeast, it is preferable to cut the plasmid into a linear shape at one site in order to incorporate these genes into the chromosome by homologous recombination. .
- a transformed yeast overexpressing the acetate-responsive transcription factor gene can be produced.
- the overexpression of the acetate-responsive transcription factor gene can be confirmed by methods well known to those skilled in the art, such as RT-PCR.
- the xylose-assimilating yeast overexpressing the acetate responsive transcription factor gene is deficient in the PHO13 gene. That is, it can be a xylose-assimilating yeast that overexpresses the acetate-responsive transcription factor gene and lacks the PHO13 gene. In one embodiment, it may be a xylose-assimilating yeast that overexpresses Haa1 and lacks the PHO13 gene.
- the PHO13 gene is presumed to be alkaline phosphatase, but its intracellular function and specific substrate have not been clarified.
- Yeast introduced with the genes for xylose-utilizing enzymes xylose reductase, xylitol dehydrogenase, and xylulokinase and lacking the PHO13 gene can improve xylose-utilizing ability, and the presence of acetic acid, formic acid, or furfural Fermentability can be maintained under (K. Fujitomi et al., Bioresour. Technol., 2012, 111, p. 161-166).
- the NCBI gene registration number is GeneGe ID: 851362.
- the base sequence of the PHO13 gene derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its encoded amino acid sequence are shown in SEQ ID NOs: 3 and 4, respectively.
- Preparation of yeast lacking the PHO13 gene can be made by suppressing the expression of the gene in yeast.
- Embodiments of gene expression suppression include suppression of normal protein production and production or promotion of non-functional mutant proteins.
- Examples of the genetic manipulation for that purpose include transgenic, gene knockout, knock-in and the like.
- production of a xylose-assimilating yeast deficient in the PHO13 gene can be carried out according to the procedure described in the above-mentioned K. Fujitomi et al.
- Method for producing ethanol from biomass of the present invention saccharified biomass and transformed yeast overexpressing an acetic acid responsive transcription factor gene are mixed and cultured.
- saccharified biomass there may be a fermentation inhibitor such as acetic acid produced by biomass overdegradation.
- a fermentation inhibitor such as acetic acid produced by biomass overdegradation.
- the transformed yeast of the present invention is resistant to such a fermentation inhibitor, ethanol fermentation is inhibited. Without any further progress, ethanol is produced in the culture.
- the method for producing ethanol from biomass of the present invention includes a step of mixing and cultivating xylose-utilizing yeast transformed with saccharified biomass so as to overexpress the gene of an acetic acid responsive transcription factor (in the present specification, In this case, this culture step is also referred to as a fermentation step).
- Biomass is not an exhaustible resource, but an industrial resource originating from a living organism constituent material. In other words, it refers to a renewable, organic resource excluding fossil resources.
- the biomass is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include resource crops or wastes thereof.
- the resource crop is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include corn and sugarcane, and examples of the resource crop waste include waste generated in these treatment steps.
- Lignocellulosic biomass is preferred because it does not compete with food.
- the lignocellulosic biomass is not particularly limited, for example, parts excluding parts that are foods of gramineous plants such as rice, wheat, Japanese pampas grass, reeds (for example, rice husks, roots, stems, leaves), and these parts Waste generated from products consisting of
- Biomass saccharification refers to the degradation of polysaccharides in biomass into oligosaccharides or monosaccharides, and includes the further excessive decomposition of monosaccharides.
- the saccharification method used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an enzyme method, a dilute sulfuric acid method, and a hydrothermal decomposition method.
- the dilute sulfuric acid method and hydrothermal decomposition method are preferable in terms of cost.
- biomass is treated with 1 to 5% dilute sulfuric acid at 180 to 200 ° C. for about 5 minutes to 1 hour.
- the hydrothermal decomposition method for example, the biomass is treated with water at about 130 to 300 ° C. and about 10 MPa.
- Saccharified biomass refers to a composition obtained by saccharifying biomass, and saccharified biomass is mainly composed of monosaccharides produced by degradation of polysaccharides, and other oligosaccharides remaining undegraded or Contains polysaccharides and by-products produced by hyperlysis.
- the by-product generated by overdegradation is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include weak acids such as acetic acid and formic acid, aldehydes such as furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), and phenols such as vanillin.
- the transformed yeast can be increased in the amount of cells by culturing under aerobic conditions before being subjected to fermentation. Culture of the transformed yeast can be appropriately performed by methods well known to those skilled in the art.
- the pH of the medium is, for example, 4 to 6, preferably 5.
- the dissolved oxygen concentration in the medium during aerobic culture is, for example, 0.5 to 6 ppm, preferably 1 to 4 ppm, more preferably 2 ppm.
- the culture temperature is, for example, 20 to 45 ° C, preferably 25 to 35 ° C, more preferably 30 ° C.
- Culturing is preferably carried out until the amount of yeast cells is, for example, 10 g (wet amount) / L or more, preferably 25 g (wet amount) / L, more preferably 37.5 g (wet amount) / L or more. For example, it is about 20 to 50 hours.
- culture conditions generally applied to yeast can be appropriately selected and used.
- stationary culture, shaking culture, aeration-agitation culture, or the like can be used for culture for fermentation.
- the aeration conditions can be appropriately selected from anaerobic conditions, microaerobic conditions, aerobic conditions, and the like.
- the culture temperature is, for example, 25 ° C. to 40 ° C., preferably 28 ° C. to 35 ° C., more preferably 30 ° C.
- the culture time can be set to any time as necessary, and can be set to a culture time within a range of, for example, 6 hours to 24 hours, or 12 hours to 36 hours, or 24 hours to 50 hours. .
- the pH can be adjusted using an inorganic or organic acid, an alkaline solution, or the like.
- the fermentation medium can further contain a medium component that can be added for culturing the yeast, if necessary.
- a step of recovering an ethanol-containing fraction from the culture solution (fermentation solution), and a step of purifying or concentrating it can also be performed. These steps and the means required for them are appropriately selected by those skilled in the art.
- the yeast of the present invention has resistance to various fermentation inhibitors such as aldehydes such as acetic acid, formic acid and furfural contained in saccharified biomass subjected to pretreatment such as hydrothermal decomposition.
- Ethanol can be efficiently produced by ethanol fermentation from xylose using the yeast of the present invention and saccharified biomass containing various fermentation inhibitors.
- Example 1 Test of ethanol fermentation from xylose in the presence of acetic acid using Haa1 overexpressing xylose-assimilating yeast
- Example 2 Test of ethanol fermentation from xylose in the presence of acetic acid using Haa1 overexpressing xylose-assimilating yeast
- Preparation of Haa1 overexpression plasmid A plasmid for overexpressing the Haa1 gene in yeast was constructed.
- pRS405 + 2 ⁇ m prepared as described in J. ⁇ Ishii et al., J. Biochem., 2009, Vol. 145, p. 701-708, was cleaved with restriction enzymes SacI and SacII, and triose phosphate dehydrogenase from yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Similarly, the TDH3 promoter and TDH terminator fragment obtained by excising the (TDH3) gene with restriction enzymes SacI and SacII were ligated, and the TDH3 promoter and TDH3 terminator were inserted into the multicloning site of pRS405 + 2 ⁇ m to obtain pRS405pTDH3.
- the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae-derived Haa1 gene (SEQ ID NO: 1 shows the deduced amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2) was inserted between the TDH3 promoter and TDH3 terminator of pRS405pTDH3 to prepare plasmid pRS425pTDH3-Haa1.
- the Haa1 gene used for insertion was prepared by using, as a template, genomic DNA extracted from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae MT8-1 strain (MATa) by a conventional method, using primers Haa1-F (SEQ ID NO: 5) and Haa1-R (SEQ ID NO: 6).
- a DNA fragment was obtained by a conventional PCR method using, and this fragment was prepared by treating with restriction enzymes NotI and SalI.
- the resulting plasmid pRS425pTDH3-Haa1 has Amp r gene which confers ampicillin resistance to the transformants.
- Plasmid pRS425pTDH3-Haa1 or dopRS425pTDH3 (used as a control) was introduced into the xylose-assimilating transformed yeast BY4741XU strain by the lithium acetate method, and BY4741XU / pIUX1X2XK / pRS425pTDH3-Haa1 strains (pRS425pTDH3 / pRS425HTD1).
- the pIUX1X2XK / pRS425pTDH3 strain (pRS425pTDH3 (control) strain) was prepared.
- strains are SD-HM solid medium (amino acid-free yeast nitrogen base (Yeast Nitrogen withoutidAmino [Acids) [Difco) 6.7 g / L, glucose 20 g / L, histidine 0.02 g / L, methionine 0 (.02 g / L).
- amino acid-free yeast nitrogen base Yeast Nitrogen withoutidAmino [Acids) [Difco) 6.7 g / L, glucose 20 g / L, histidine 0.02 g / L, methionine 0 (.02 g / L).
- Haa1 overexpression strain The expression of the Haa1 gene in the pRS425pTDH3 / Haa1 strain (Haa1 overexpression strain) was examined as follows. Prepare a fermented liquor (xylose 50 g / L, yeast extract 10 g / L, bactopeptone 20 g / L, calcium casaminoate 1.0 g / L, yeast 40 g / L: total amount 50 mL), and culture at 30 ° C. for 1 hour. The yeast cells were sampled. The pRS425pTDH3 (control) strain was used as a control strain.
- the actin gene was used as a control gene, and calculation was performed by the comparative Ct method. The results are shown in Table 1 below.
- the xylose and ethanol produced in the medium were quantified over time by HPLC (High performance liquid chromatography system; manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation).
- HPLC High performance liquid chromatography system
- Shim-pack SPR-Pb manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation
- ultrapure water purified water using Milli-Q made by Millipore Japan
- the detector Used a refractive index detector.
- the HPLC conditions were a flow rate of 0.6 mL / min and a temperature of 80 ° C.
- FIG. 1A to 1C show the results of 0 mM, 30 mM, and 60 mM of acetic acid in the case of the control strain, respectively
- FIGS. 1D to 1F show the results of 0 mM of acetic acid in the case of the Haa1 overexpressing strain, respectively.
- 30 mM, 60 mM results are shown.
- the white rhombus is the xylose concentration
- the white square is the ethanol concentration.
- the Haa1 overexpressing strain compared to the control strain in both the final xylose consumption and the final ethanol production in the absence of acetic acid or in the presence of 30 mM or 60 mM acetic acid. Increased significantly. In the case of 30 mM acetic acid, the ethanol yield exceeded 80% of the theoretical yield, and in the case of 60 mM acetic acid, it exceeded 50%. In the case of 60 mM acetic acid, it was 33% in the control strain.
- Example 2 Ethanol fermentation test from xylose in the presence of formic acid using Haa1 overexpressing xylose-assimilating yeast
- Ethanol fermentation from xylose in the presence of formic acid was performed using Haa1 overexpressing strain or control strain.
- ethanol fermentation was carried out so that formic acid was not added (0 mM) and the formic acid concentration was 20 mM in a YP medium containing an initial xylose concentration of 50 g / L and a yeast cell amount of 40 g / L (wet weight). This was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that formic acid added was used for fermentation culture.
- a summary of the fermentation test is shown in Table 3.
- the Haa1 overexpressing strain increased both xylose consumption and ethanol production rate in the presence of 20 mM formic acid as compared to the control strain (in FIG. 2, the amount of xylose is indicated by white triangles and the amount of ethanol is indicated by black triangles). ).
- the ethanol yield also exceeded 80% of the theoretical yield.
- Example 3 Growth test in the presence of furfural using Haa1 overexpressing xylose-assimilating yeast
- a growth culture test in the presence of furfural was performed using the Haa1 overexpressing strain and the control strain.
- a culture solution having the composition shown in Table 4 below was prepared, and yeast culture was started. The culture was performed at 30 ° C. with shaking at 70 rpm. The amount of growing cells was measured over time by measuring the absorbance at a wavelength of 600 nm (OD 600 ).
- Haa1 overexpression, PHO13 deficiency, growth test in the presence of acetic acid using xylose-assimilating yeast Haa1 overexpression, PHO13 deficiency, xylose-assimilating yeast
- Haaa1 overexpression PHO13 deficiency strain Haa1 overexpression PHO13 deficiency strain
- Ha. ., 2012, Vol. 111, p. 161-166 Ha. ., 2012.
- the PHO13-deficient xylose-assimilating yeast hereinafter referred to as “PHO13-deficient control strain” was also obtained by performing PHO13 deficiency similarly for the control strain described in Example 1 (pRS425pTDH3 strain).
- a growth culture test in the presence of acetic acid was performed using Haa1 overexpressing strain and control strain, and Haa1 overexpressing PHO13 deficient strain and PHO13 deficient control strain.
- FIG. 4 (A) Haa1 overexpressing strain and control strain; and (B) Haa1 overexpressing PHO13 deficient strain and PHO13 deficient control strain).
- the Haa1 overexpressing strain shown by a black bar
- the control strain shown by a white bar
- the Haa1 overexpressing PHO13-deficient strain is a PHO13-deficient control strain (shown by a white bar) regardless of the concentration of acetic acid. Growth was improved compared to. It was observed that PHO13 deficiency in addition to Haa1 overexpression grew even in the presence of acetic acid at higher concentrations (eg, 60 mM and 80 mM).
- Example 5 Haa1 overexpression, PHO13 deficiency, ethanol fermentation test from xylose in the presence of acetic acid using xylose-utilizing yeast
- a Haa1 overexpressing PHO13-deficient strain and a PHO13-deficient control strain an ethanol fermentation test from xylose in the presence of acetic acid was performed in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the concentration of acetic acid to be added was 0 mM, 50 mM and 100 mM, and calcium pantothenate was changed to 1.0 g / L instead of calcium pantothenate 1.6 g / L.
- FIG. 5 (A) Haa1 overexpressing PHO13-deficient strain and (B) PHO13-deficient control strain).
- the Haa1-overexpressing PHO13-deficient strain has xylose utilization and ethanol production in both acetic acid concentrations of 50 mM and 100 mM compared to the PHO13-deficient control strain. Exceeded.
- yeast deficient in PHO13 in addition to Haa1 overexpression can tolerate even in the presence of higher concentrations of acetic acid (eg, 100 mM) and can produce ethanol.
- Example 6 Haa1 overexpression, PHO13 deficiency, ethanol fermentation test with real biomass using xylose-assimilating yeast
- an ethanol fermentation test from xylose with real biomass was performed.
- a culture solution having the composition shown in Table 7 below was prepared, and yeast culture was started. The culture was performed at 30 ° C. with shaking at 120 rpm.
- the actual biomass (C5 saccharified solution) is added to the hydrolyzed pretreated rice straw decomposition solution so that the saccharifying enzyme (Pectinase G Amano: Amano Enzyme Co., Ltd.) becomes 1 (w / w)%, and is 50 ° C. And saccharification was performed for 2 days under the condition of 150 rpm. The ethanol produced was quantified over time in the same manner as in Example 1.
- FIG. 6 shows the results 2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours and 24 hours after the start of fermentation.
- the production amount of ethanol increased rapidly after 6 hours had elapsed from the start of fermentation.
- the PHO13-deficient control strain ethanol production was not observed at the same time. It was observed that yeast deficient in PHO13 in addition to Haa1 overexpression showed an increase in the rate of ethanol production using real biomass.
- ethanol can be efficiently produced by ethanol fermentation from xylose using saccharified biomass containing various fermentation inhibitors.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の酵母は、酢酸応答転写因子の遺伝子を導入した形質転換キシロース資化性酵母である。形質転換に用いるキシロース資化性酵母としては、キシロースからエタノール発酵によりエタノールを生産できる酵母である限り、特に限定されない。例えば、酵母サッカロマイセス・セレビシエ(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)にキシロース資化能を付与するプラスミドを導入して得られるキシロース資化性酵母が挙げられる。キシロース資化能を付与するプラスミドとしては、例えば、S. Katahiraら、Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol.、2006年、第72巻、p. 1136-1143の記載に準じて調製することができる。
本発明のバイオマスからのエタノールの生産方法では、糖化バイオマスと酢酸応答転写因子遺伝子を過剰発現する形質転換酵母とを混合し、該形質転換酵母を培養する。糖化バイオマス中には、バイオマスの過分解により生じる酢酸などの発酵阻害物質が存在し得るが、本発明の形質転換酵母は、このような発酵阻害物質に耐性を有するため、エタノール発酵が阻害されることなく進行し、エタノールが培養液中に生産される。
(Haa1過剰発現用プラスミドの作製)
Haa1遺伝子を酵母で過剰に発現させるためのプラスミドを構築した。
酵母サッカロマイセス・セレビシエのBY4741株(インビトロジェン)に、キシロース資化能力を付与するプラスミドpIUX1X2XK(酵母ピチア・スチピチス(Pichia stipitis)由来のキシロースレダクダーゼ(XR)およびキシリトールデヒドロゲナーゼ(XDH)、ならびに酵母サッカロマイセス・セレビシエ由来キシルロキナーゼ(XK)を共発現するプラスミドとして、S. Katahiraら、Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol.、2006年、第72巻、p. 1136-1143の記載に準じて調製)をそれぞれ酢酸リチウム法により導入し、キシロース資化性形質転換酵母BY4741XU株を作製した。
pRS425pTDH3/Haa1株(Haa1過剰発現株)におけるHaa1遺伝子の発現を以下のようにして調べた。発酵液(キシロース50g/L、酵母エキス10g/L、バクトペプトン20g/L、カザミノ酸カルシウム1.0g/L、酵母40g/L:合計量50mL)を調製し、30℃にて1時間培養し、酵母菌体をサンプリングした。コントロール株としてpRS425pTDH3(コントロール)株を用いた。得られたサンプルからRNAを抽出し、cDNA合成後に定量PCRにより、Haa1過剰発現株とコントロール株とにおいてHaa1発現の相対値を算出した。コントロール遺伝子としてアクチン遺伝子を用い、比較Ct法にて算出した。結果を以下の表1に示す。
Haa1過剰発現株またはコントロール株を用いて酢酸存在下でのキシロースからのエタノール発酵を行った。Haa1過剰発現株またはコントロール株をSD培地にて1日間前培養し、次いでSD培地にて2日間本培養した後、発酵に供した。キシロース初期濃度50g/Lおよび酵母菌体量40g/L(湿重量)を含むYP培地に、酢酸を添加しないもの(0mM)、および酢酸濃度が30mMまたは60mMとなるように酢酸を添加したものを調製し、酵母の発酵培養を開始した。発酵試験の概要を表2に示す。
Haa1過剰発現株またはコントロール株を用いてギ酸存在下でのキシロースからのエタノール発酵を行った。本実施例におけるエタノール発酵は、キシロース初期濃度50g/Lおよび酵母菌体量40g/L(湿重量)を含むYP培地に、ギ酸を添加しないもの(0mM)、およびギ酸濃度が20mMとなるようにギ酸を添加したものを発酵培養に用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして行った。発酵試験の概要を表3に示す。
Haa1過剰発現株およびコントロール株を用いて、フルフラール存在下での生育培養試験を行った。以下の表4に示す組成の培養液を調製し、酵母の培養を開始した。培養は、30℃にて、70rpmの振盪下にて行った。生育菌体量は、波長600nmでの吸光度測定(OD600)により経時的に測定した。
Haa1過剰発現、PHO13欠損、キシロース資化性酵母(以下、「Haa1過剰発現PHO13欠損株」という)を、実施例1に記載のHaa1過剰発現株についてPHO13欠損を、K. Fujitomiら、Bioresour. Technol.、2012年、第111巻、p. 161-166に記載の手順に準じて行うことにより得た。他方、実施例1に記載のコントロール株(pRS425pTDH3株)についても同様にPHO13欠損を行うことにより、PHO13欠損キシロース資化性酵母(以下、「PHO13欠損コントロール株」という)を得た。
Haa1過剰発現PHO13欠損株およびPHO13欠損コントロール株を用いて、実施例1と同様にして、酢酸存在下でのキシロースからのエタノール発酵試験を行った。但し、添加する酢酸の濃度を0mM、50mMおよび100mMとし、パントテン酸カルシウム1.6g/Lに代えてパントテン酸カルシウム1.0g/Lとした。
Haa1過剰発現PHO13欠損株およびPHO13欠損コントロール株を用いて、実バイオマスでのキシロースからのエタノール発酵試験を行った。以下の表7に示す組成の培養液を調製し、酵母の培養を開始した。培養は、30℃にて、120rpmの振盪下にて行った。実バイオマス(C5糖化液)は、水熱前処理した稲わら分解液に、糖化酵素(ペクチナーゼGアマノ:天野エンザイム株式会社製)を1(w/w)%になるように添加し、50℃にて150rpmの条件で2日間、糖化処理することにより作製した。生産されたエタノールを、実施例1と同様にして経時的に定量した。
Claims (8)
- バイオマスからのエタノールの生産方法であって、
酢酸応答転写因子の遺伝子を過剰発現するように形質転換されたキシロース資化性酵母を糖化バイオマスと混合し、培養する工程
を含む、方法。 - 前記酢酸応答転写因子がHaa1である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記形質転換キシロース資化性酵母が、PHO13遺伝子を欠損した酵母である、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記糖化バイオマスが、発酵阻害物質を含む、請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記発酵阻害物質が、酢酸、ギ酸、フルフラール、ヒドロキシメチルフルフラールおよびバニリンからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種である、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 酢酸応答転写因子の遺伝子を過剰発現するように形質転換されたキシロース資化性酵母。
- 前記酢酸応答転写因子がHaa1である、請求項6に記載の酵母。
- PHO13遺伝子を欠損した、請求項6または7に記載の酵母。
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WO2016070258A1 (pt) * | 2014-11-07 | 2016-05-12 | Biocelere Agroindustrial Ltda. | Cassete de expressão para a transformação de célula eucariótica, micro-organismo geneticamente modificado com eficiente consumo de xilose, processo de produção de biocombustíveis e/ou bioquímicos e biocombustível e/ou bioquímico e/ou etanol assim produzido |
WO2016083397A1 (en) * | 2014-11-24 | 2016-06-02 | Vib Vzw | Causative genes conferring acetic acid tolerance in yeast |
AU2015352567B2 (en) * | 2014-11-24 | 2019-10-17 | Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, K.U.Leuven R&D | Causative genes conferring acetic acid tolerance in yeast |
EP4001416A1 (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2022-05-25 | Novozymes A/S | Recombinant yeast strains for pentose fermentation |
WO2021105212A1 (en) | 2019-11-26 | 2021-06-03 | Vib Vzw | Means and methods to modulate acetic acid tolerance in industrial fermentations |
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JP6236634B2 (ja) | 2017-11-29 |
US20150218592A1 (en) | 2015-08-06 |
US9441249B2 (en) | 2016-09-13 |
JPWO2014030745A1 (ja) | 2016-08-08 |
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