WO2014027441A1 - Membrane d'électrolyte pour piles à combustible et procédé de fabrication correspondant - Google Patents
Membrane d'électrolyte pour piles à combustible et procédé de fabrication correspondant Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014027441A1 WO2014027441A1 PCT/JP2013/004366 JP2013004366W WO2014027441A1 WO 2014027441 A1 WO2014027441 A1 WO 2014027441A1 JP 2013004366 W JP2013004366 W JP 2013004366W WO 2014027441 A1 WO2014027441 A1 WO 2014027441A1
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- Prior art keywords
- electrolyte
- porous reinforcing
- fuel cell
- electrolyte membrane
- membrane
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1058—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by a porous support having no ion-conducting properties
- H01M8/106—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by a porous support having no ion-conducting properties characterised by the chemical composition of the porous support
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1058—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by a porous support having no ion-conducting properties
- H01M8/1062—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by a porous support having no ion-conducting properties characterised by the physical properties of the porous support, e.g. its porosity or thickness
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1069—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes
- H01M8/1081—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes starting from solutions, dispersions or slurries exclusively of polymers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrolyte membrane for a fuel cell and a method for producing an electrolyte membrane for a fuel cell.
- the fuel cell electrolyte membrane having the above-described structure has a problem that large strain is generated in the surface direction due to expansion / contraction difference between the porous reinforcing layer and the electrolyte layer. Further, the fuel cell electrolyte membrane has a problem that peeling or breakage occurs between the porous reinforcing layer and the electrolyte layer. Further, in the fuel cell using the fuel cell electrolyte membrane, there are problems that performance is deteriorated and gas cross leak occurs. In addition, conventional electrolyte membranes for fuel cells have been desired to be reduced in size, reduced in cost, resource-saving, easy to manufacture, and improved in usability.
- the present invention has been made to solve at least a part of the problems described above, and can be realized as the following forms.
- an electrolyte membrane for a fuel cell has two or more porous reinforcing layers, and the adjacent porous reinforcing layers are respectively joined by interfacial bonding by an electrolyte.
- an electrolyte thin film for interfacial bonding between the porous reinforcing layer and the porous reinforcing layer is formed. For this reason, a thick electrolyte layer is not interposed between the porous reinforcing layer and the porous reinforcing layer, but an electrolyte thin film having a minimum thickness remains as an interface.
- the electrolyte resin as a thin film is entangled with the reinforcing layer fibers in the surface layer portion of the porous reinforcing layer on both sides, and acts to suppress the expansion / contraction difference in the plane direction between the porous reinforcing layers. Therefore, according to the fuel cell electrolyte membrane of this embodiment, since there is no expansion / contraction difference between the porous reinforcing layer and the minimal electrolyte thin film, the strain generated in the plane direction Can be suppressed.
- a method for producing an electrolyte membrane for a fuel cell includes: (a) preparing a laminate having two or more porous reinforcing layers, each having an electrolyte disposed between adjacent porous reinforcing layers; (B) melt-impregnating the electrolyte in the porous reinforcing layer by applying pressure while heating the laminate.
- the porous reinforcing layer is melted and impregnated into the porous reinforcing layer by applying pressure while heating the laminate.
- a bonded electrolyte membrane for a fuel cell can be produced. Therefore, according to the manufacturing method of the electrolyte membrane for fuel cells of this form, the electrolyte membrane for fuel cells in which the distortion generated in the surface direction is suppressed can be manufactured.
- the total thickness of the porous reinforcing layers is equal to the total thickness of the electrolytes in the laminate. Things may be prepared. According to the method for manufacturing an electrolyte membrane for a fuel cell of this embodiment, the electrolyte can be adjusted to an appropriate amount with respect to the porous reinforcing layer, and bonding by interfacial bonding can be reliably performed.
- the electrolyte used in the step (a) may be an electrolyte precursor resin. Since the electrolyte precursor resin has high heat resistance, it does not cause thermal deterioration in the step (a).
- the present invention can be realized in various forms other than the above-described forms.
- the present invention is realized as a fuel cell having the fuel cell electrolyte membrane of the present invention and a fuel cell system including the fuel cell.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing an electrolyte membrane 10 for a fuel cell as a first embodiment of the present invention.
- the fuel cell electrolyte membrane 10 is an electrolyte membrane with a reinforcing layer, and has two porous reinforcing layers 20 and 30 as shown in the figure.
- the porous reinforcing layer 20 and the porous reinforcing layer 30 are joined by interfacial bonding by the electrolyte 40.
- the thickness of the electrolyte 40 is, for example, 1 ⁇ m or less so as to create a state of interface bonding.
- the electrolyte is dissolved and impregnated inside each of the porous reinforcing layers 20 and 30.
- FIG. 2 is a process diagram showing a manufacturing method of the fuel cell electrolyte membrane 10
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing the manufacturing method. A description will be given along FIG. 2 with reference to FIG.
- the porous reinforcing membranes 120 and 130 are prepared (FIG. 2: step S10, FIG. 3A).
- the porous reinforcing membranes 120 and 130 are made by stretching polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) to make it porous.
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- the electrolyte resin 140 is an electrolyte precursor resin whose side chain terminal group is —SO 2 F (hereinafter also referred to as “F-type electrolyte resin”).
- F-type electrolyte resin an electrolyte precursor resin whose side chain terminal group is —SO 2 F (hereinafter also referred to as “F-type electrolyte resin”).
- Nafion trade name
- DuPont since F-type electrolyte resin does not have proton conductivity as it is, it is necessary to perform ion conduction treatment by a conventionally known hydrolysis treatment or the like by a step described later.
- step S10 the porous reinforcing membrane 120 is disposed on one surface side of the electrolyte resin 140 prepared in step S10, and the porous reinforcing membrane 130 is disposed on the other surface side (FIG. 2: step S20).
- step S20 the laminated body 150 stacked with the porous reinforcing membrane 120, the electrolyte resin 140, and the porous reinforcing membrane 130 from the bottom to the top can be prepared. it can. That is, it is possible to prepare a laminate 150 having two porous reinforcing membranes 120 and 130 and in which the electrolyte resin 140 is disposed between the adjacent porous reinforcing membranes 120 and 130.
- the laminate 150 prepared in step S20 is heated and pressurized (FIG. 2: step S30). Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3C, the laminated body 150 is placed on the press table 210, and a predetermined temperature (for example, 170) is applied downward by a press die 220 disposed above the press table 210. while heating at °C ⁇ 280 °C), pressurized with a predetermined pressure (e.g., 4N / cm 2 ⁇ 30N / cm 2).
- a predetermined temperature for example, 170
- a predetermined pressure e.g., 4N / cm 2 ⁇ 30N / cm 2
- heating and pressurization may be performed by another method such as a hot roll press.
- the F-type electrolyte resin that is the electrolyte resin 140 is melted by heating.
- the molten F-type electrolyte resin is impregnated into the porous reinforcing membranes 120 and 130 by being subjected to capillary pressure and pressurization. Since the melted F-type electrolyte resin has a high molecular structure and is melt-kneaded while applying pressure shear, the intermolecular bond is high. As a result, the porous reinforcing membranes 120 and 130 are impregnated. Finally, it is possible to create a state in which the adjacent porous reinforcing membranes 120 and 130 are interface-bonded via the F-type electrolyte resin.
- the phenomenon until interface bonding can be described in more detail as follows.
- the interface on the F-type electrolyte resin side in the porous reinforcing membrane 120 (130) on one side is melted.
- the wet F-type electrolyte resin is in constant contact with the porous reinforcing membrane 130 (120) on the other side while being always wetted, and the thermoplastic F-type electrolyte resin is cooled and bonded.
- This bond is called “interface bond” and becomes a stable state in which no stress remains at the interface, and sufficient interface bond stability can be ensured.
- F-type electrolyte resin since F-type electrolyte resin has high heat resistance, it does not cause thermal deterioration in the heating / pressurizing step.
- the phenomenon up to interface bonding can be said as follows. At the stage where the surface layers of the porous reinforcing membranes 120 and 130 approach each other while being heated and pressurized, the F-type electrolyte resin having the same main chain skeleton flows while flowing in the porous reinforcing membranes 120 and 130. Impregnated into the glass and gradually becomes thinner. Finally, when the F-type electrolyte resin is 1 ⁇ m or less and the porous reinforcing membranes 120 and 130 are in close contact, the porous reinforcing membranes 120 and 130 are interposed between the porous reinforcing membranes 120 and 130. The F-type electrolyte resin entangled with the fibers is solidified and bonded while covering the surface layer portions of the porous reinforcing membranes 120 and 130.
- step S30 After the execution of step S30, a conventionally known hydrolysis treatment is applied to the heated and pressurized laminate.
- the F-type electrolyte resin contained in the laminate has proton conductivity.
- an electrolyte membrane for fuel cell 10 shown in FIG. 3D is obtained.
- the fuel cell electrolyte membrane 10 is the same as that shown in FIG. 1 and is a finished product of the fuel cell electrolyte membrane.
- the manufacturing method of the fuel cell electrolyte membrane is thus completed. By this manufacturing method, the porous reinforcing membranes 120 and 130 (FIG.
- the thickness of the electrolyte 40 in the fuel cell electrolyte membrane 10 after completion is 1 ⁇ m or less, which is equivalent to the thickness of the porous reinforcing membranes 120 and 130 prepared in the manufacturing process. This is because the thickness of the resin 140 is adjusted. Specifically, in this embodiment, the total thickness of the porous reinforcing membranes 120 and 130, that is, the total thickness of the porous reinforcing membrane 120 and the thickness of the porous reinforcing membrane 130 is equal to the thickness of the electrolyte resin 140. Thus, the thickness of each is determined.
- the electrolyte resin 140 is porously reinforced by making the total thickness of the porous reinforcing membranes 120 and 130 equal to the thickness of the electrolyte resin 140. Almost all of the membranes 120 and 130 can be filled, and the surplus portion becomes the thickness of the electrolyte 40 for interfacial bonding, and 1 ⁇ m or less can be realized.
- the amount by which the electrolyte resin 140 can fill the porous reinforcing membranes 120 and 130 is calculated.
- the thickness of the electrolyte resin 140 may be determined from an amount obtained by adding a predetermined amount to the amount that can be filled.
- the thickness Y of the electrolyte resin 140 can be obtained by the following equation (i).
- T is the total thickness of the porous reinforcing membranes 120, 130; ⁇ is the porosity of the porous reinforcing membranes 120, 130, for example 60%; ⁇ is the completed
- the thickness of the electrolyte 40 in the fuel cell electrolyte membrane 10 later is, for example, 1 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the electrolyte 40 after completion is set to 1 ⁇ m. Can do.
- the fuel cell electrolyte membrane 10 manufactured as described above is used for a fuel cell.
- a membrane electrode assembly can be manufactured by forming an anode side catalyst layer and a cathode side catalyst layer on both surfaces of an electrolyte membrane 10 for a fuel cell, and further, the membrane electrode assembly is a separator having a gas flow path.
- a fuel cell called a single cell can be manufactured.
- the resin of the electrolyte 40 is entangled with the fibers of the surface layer portions of the porous reinforcing layers 20 and 30 on both sides, and works to suppress the expansion / contraction difference in the surface direction between the porous reinforcing layers 20 and 30. Therefore, according to the fuel cell electrolyte membrane of the first embodiment, a difference in expansion / contraction occurs between the porous reinforcing layers 20 and 30 and the minimal thin film of the electrolyte 40 during power generation. Therefore, there is an effect that distortion generated in the surface direction can be suppressed. Moreover, since the distortion which generate
- the electrolyte resin impregnated inside the porous reinforcing layers 20 and 30 can restrain the cracks and tears of the porous reinforcing layers 20 and 30 by being constrained in the surface direction.
- the fuel cell electrolyte membrane 10 may be wound around the reel RL as shown in FIG. 4 in the process of manufacturing the fuel cell.
- the inner porous reinforcing layer 20 may be wound. Can absorb in-plane strains and winding gussets (wrinkles due to differences in inner and outer diameters in the thickness direction) that occur between the outer and outer porous reinforcing layers 30.
- the electrolyte membrane 10 for the fuel cell according to the first embodiment only remains as a thin film with the electrolyte portion originally minimized. Therefore, even if power generation is performed as a fuel cell for a long time, the electrolyte layer There is also an effect that thinning of the film due to the decrease in the resistance is less likely to occur. As a result of the many effects described above, the fuel cell electrolyte membrane 10 of the first embodiment also has the effect of being excellent in durability.
- the fuel cell manufactured using the fuel cell electrolyte membrane 10 is excellent in power generation performance and durability performance. Hereinafter, these points will be described using graphs.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the power generation performance of a single cell of the fuel cell.
- the horizontal axis represents cell temperature (° C.)
- the vertical axis represents cell voltage (V) and cell resistance (m ⁇ ).
- the solid line in the graph indicates the change in cell voltage with respect to the cell temperature
- the alternate long and short dash line indicates the cell resistance with respect to the cell temperature.
- ⁇ is for a single cell using the fuel cell electrolyte membrane 10 of the first embodiment (hereinafter referred to as the first embodiment single cell)
- ⁇ is a single cell using the electrolyte membrane of the first conventional example ( Hereinafter, it is referred to as a first conventional single cell).
- the electrolyte membrane of the first conventional example is one in which one porous reinforcing layer is provided in the electrolyte membrane, and is manufactured by a well-known cast film forming method.
- the graph is for the case where the cathode side is not humidified.
- the characteristics indicating the relationship between the cell temperature and the cell voltage of the first embodiment single cell are higher than the characteristics indicating the relationship between the cell temperature and the cell voltage of the first conventional single cell. Little drop in cell voltage when temperature is reached. Further, as shown in the graph, the characteristics indicating the relationship between the cell temperature and the cell resistance of the single cell of the first embodiment are compared with the characteristics indicating the relationship between the cell temperature and the cell resistance of the first conventional single cell. There is little increase in cell resistance when the temperature is high. From these facts, it can be seen that in the single cell using the fuel cell electrolyte membrane 10 of the first embodiment, the power generation performance during high-temperature operation is improved.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the power generation performance of a single cell of the fuel cell, as in FIG.
- the electrolyte membrane of the second conventional example was used as the electrolyte membrane of the conventional example.
- the electrolyte membrane of the second conventional example is obtained by disposing an electrolyte resin on both sides of one porous reinforcing layer, melting the electrolyte resin, and melting and impregnating the electrolyte in the porous reinforcing layer.
- the single cell using the fuel cell electrolyte membrane 10 of the first embodiment has improved power generation performance during high temperature operation.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the number of wet and dry cycles and the gas permeation amount for the fuel cell electrolyte membrane 10 of the first embodiment.
- the horizontal axis of the graph indicates the number of wet and dry cycles, and the vertical axis indicates the gas permeation amount dP / dt [Pa / s].
- the one-dot chain line is for the electrolyte membrane of the first conventional example, and the solid line is for the fuel membrane electrolyte membrane 10 of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is an explanatory view showing a fuel cell electrolyte membrane 310 as a second embodiment of the present invention.
- the fuel cell electrolyte membrane 310 includes three porous reinforcing layers 320, 330, and 360.
- the porous reinforcing layer 320 and the porous reinforcing layer 330 are bonded by an interface bond by the electrolyte 340, and the porous reinforcing layer 330 and the porous reinforcing layer 360 are bonded by an interface bond by the electrolyte 350.
- the thickness of the electrolytes 340 and 350 is, for example, 1 ⁇ m or less.
- An electrolyte is dissolved and impregnated inside each porous reinforcing layer 320, 330, 360.
- the fuel cell electrolyte membrane 310 is manufactured by preparing a laminate in which an electrolyte resin is disposed between adjacent porous reinforcing layers.
- the porous reinforcing layer is melt impregnated with an electrolyte by applying pressure while heating the laminate.
- the laminate is stacked with a porous reinforcing membrane, an electrolyte resin, a porous reinforcing membrane, an electrolyte resin, and a porous reinforcing membrane from bottom to top, and is heated and pressurized at a time.
- adjustment of the thickness of the electrolyte resin with respect to the thickness of the porous reinforcement layer prepared at the time of manufacture is achieved similarly to 1st Embodiment.
- the thickness is adjusted so that the total thickness of the three porous reinforcing membranes is equal to the total thickness of the two electrolyte resins, or so as to satisfy the relationship of the above-described formula (i). It is illustrated.
- Y in the formula (i) is the total thickness of the two electrolyte resins
- T in the formula (i) is the total thickness of the three porous reinforcing membranes.
- the fuel cell electrolyte membrane 310 of the second embodiment configured as described above, between the porous reinforcing layers 320, 330, 360 and the electrolytes 340, 350 during power generation, as in the first embodiment.
- the fuel cell electrolyte membrane is configured to have three porous reinforcing layers. Instead, the fuel cell electrolyte membrane has four or more porous reinforcing layers. You can also. Also in this case, the adjacent porous reinforcing layers may be joined by interfacial bonding using an electrolyte.
- the fuel cell electrolyte membrane is for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell.
- the fuel cell electrolyte membrane can be configured for other types of fuel cells such as a direct methanol fuel cell.
- the method for producing an electrolyte membrane for a fuel cell can also be configured as a method for producing an electrolyte membrane for another type of fuel cell such as for a direct methanol fuel cell.
- the porous reinforcing membrane is PTFE.
- other porous polymer resins such as polymer PE (polyethylene), PP (polypropylene), and polyimide may be used.
- the porosity of the porous reinforcing membrane does not need to be limited to 60% or more, and can be about 50%.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, examples, and modifications, and can be realized with various configurations without departing from the spirit of the invention.
- the technical features in the embodiments, examples, and modifications corresponding to the technical features in each embodiment described in the summary section of the invention are to solve some or all of the above-described problems, or In order to achieve part or all of the above effects, replacement or combination can be performed as appropriate. Further, if the technical feature is not described as essential in the present specification, it can be deleted as appropriate.
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Abstract
La présente invention vise à améliorer la performance de génération d'énergie d'un empilement de piles à combustible. Une membrane d'électrolyte (10) pour piles à combustible est une membrane d'électrolyte ayant des couches de renfort, et possède deux couches de renfort poreuses (20, 30). La couche de renfort poreuse (20) et la couche de renfort poreuse (30) sont jointes l'une à l'autre par une liaison interfaciale à l'aide d'un électrolyte (40). L'épaisseur de l'électrolyte (40) est établie, par exemple, à 1 µm au moins de telle sorte qu'une liaison interfaciale est formée. L'électrolyte est dissous et imprégné dans les couches de renfort poreuses (20, 30)
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Citations (5)
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JP2002025583A (ja) * | 2000-04-18 | 2002-01-25 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | 固体高分子型燃料電池用電解質膜及びその製造方法 |
WO2007148805A1 (fr) * | 2006-06-21 | 2007-12-27 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Procédés de production de membrane électrolytique renforcée et corps de joint membrane électrode |
JP2008078091A (ja) * | 2006-09-25 | 2008-04-03 | Toyota Motor Corp | 補強型電解質膜の製造方法およびその製造方法で製造される補強型電解質膜 |
WO2009022728A1 (fr) * | 2007-08-10 | 2009-02-19 | Japan Gore-Tex Inc. | Membrane composite électrolytique polymère solide renforcée, assemblage électrode-membrane-électrode pour pile à combustible à polymère solide et pile à combustible à polymère solide |
JP2009152166A (ja) * | 2007-11-26 | 2009-07-09 | Toyota Motor Corp | 複合型電解質膜、膜電極接合体、燃料電池、及びのこれらの製造方法 |
-
2013
- 2013-07-17 WO PCT/JP2013/004366 patent/WO2014027441A1/fr active Application Filing
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2002025583A (ja) * | 2000-04-18 | 2002-01-25 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | 固体高分子型燃料電池用電解質膜及びその製造方法 |
WO2007148805A1 (fr) * | 2006-06-21 | 2007-12-27 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Procédés de production de membrane électrolytique renforcée et corps de joint membrane électrode |
JP2008078091A (ja) * | 2006-09-25 | 2008-04-03 | Toyota Motor Corp | 補強型電解質膜の製造方法およびその製造方法で製造される補強型電解質膜 |
WO2009022728A1 (fr) * | 2007-08-10 | 2009-02-19 | Japan Gore-Tex Inc. | Membrane composite électrolytique polymère solide renforcée, assemblage électrode-membrane-électrode pour pile à combustible à polymère solide et pile à combustible à polymère solide |
JP2009152166A (ja) * | 2007-11-26 | 2009-07-09 | Toyota Motor Corp | 複合型電解質膜、膜電極接合体、燃料電池、及びのこれらの製造方法 |
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