WO2014021197A1 - 発電素子 - Google Patents
発電素子 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014021197A1 WO2014021197A1 PCT/JP2013/070227 JP2013070227W WO2014021197A1 WO 2014021197 A1 WO2014021197 A1 WO 2014021197A1 JP 2013070227 W JP2013070227 W JP 2013070227W WO 2014021197 A1 WO2014021197 A1 WO 2014021197A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- rod
- magnetostrictive
- composite
- power generation
- composite rod
- Prior art date
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 75
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000807 Ga alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000976 Electrical steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001030 Iron–nickel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001315 Tool steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVYYOKWPCQYKEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Fe].[Co] Chemical compound [Fe].[Co] QVYYOKWPCQYKEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/18—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
- H02N2/186—Vibration harvesters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/18—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N35/00—Magnetostrictive devices
- H10N35/101—Magnetostrictive devices with mechanical input and electrical output, e.g. generators, sensors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power generation element.
- This power generating element includes, for example, a pair of magnetostrictive rods provided together, a connecting yoke for connecting these magnetostrictive rods, a coil provided so as to surround each magnetostrictive rod, and a permanent magnet that applies a bias magnetic field to the magnetostrictive rods. And a back yoke.
- a pair of magnetostrictive rods provided together, a connecting yoke for connecting these magnetostrictive rods, a coil provided so as to surround each magnetostrictive rod, and a permanent magnet that applies a bias magnetic field to the magnetostrictive rods.
- a back yoke When an external force is applied to the connecting yoke in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the magnetostrictive rod, one of the magnetostrictive rods is deformed to expand, and the other magnetostrictive rod is deformed to contract. At this time, the density of magnetic lines passing through each magnetostrictive rod (magnetic flux density), that is, the density
- tensile stress is selectively generated in one magnetostrictive rod and compressive stress is selectively generated in the other magnetostrictive rod.
- both tensile stress and compressive stress are generated in one magnetostrictive rod as shown in FIG. That is, it is difficult to generate a uniform stress on one magnetostrictive rod.
- the number of windings of the wire constituting the coil is preferably large, but for this, it is necessary to ensure a relatively large interval between the magnetostrictive rods.
- the interval between the magnetostrictive rods is increased, it tends to be more difficult to generate uniform stress in one magnetostrictive rod.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described conventional problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a power generation element that can generate uniform stress in a magnetostrictive rod and efficiently generate power.
- a magnetostrictive rod made of a magnetostrictive material and passing a line of magnetic force in the axial direction, and a reinforcing rod made of a nonmagnetic material and having a function of applying an appropriate stress to the magnetostrictive rod are provided together and joined together.
- a composite rod joined at the part, The magnetic field lines are arranged so as to pass in the axial direction, and a coil that generates a voltage based on a change in density thereof, The other end of the composite rod is relatively displaced in a direction substantially perpendicular to the axial direction of the composite rod, and the magnetostrictive rod is expanded and contracted to change the density of the lines of magnetic force.
- a power generation element made of a magnetostrictive material and passing a line of magnetic force in the axial direction, and a reinforcing rod made of a nonmagnetic material and having a function of applying an appropriate stress to the magnetostrictive rod are provided together and joined together.
- a composite rod joined at the part, The magnetic field lines are
- the reinforcing rod has a cross-sectional area that decreases from the one end of the composite rod toward the other end
- the magnetostrictive rod has a cross-sectional area that is the one end of the composite rod.
- Said coil is provided with the bobbin arrange
- the displacement of the other end of the composite rod is performed by applying vibration to the composite rod, and the gap has a size such that the bobbin and the composite rod vibrating do not interfere with each other (7 ).
- a reinforcing rod having a function of imparting an appropriate stress to the magnetostrictive rod is joined to the magnetostrictive rod to form a composite rod, whereby uniform stress is applied to the magnetostrictive rod when the magnetostrictive rod is expanded and contracted.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a first embodiment of the power generating element of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the power generation element shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a plan view of the power generating element shown in FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view (a sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 1) of the power generating element shown in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is an analysis diagram analyzing the stress generated in the composite rod.
- FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a second embodiment of the power generating element of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a third embodiment of the power generating element of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a fourth embodiment of the power generating element of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing a fifth embodiment of the power generating element of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is an analysis diagram in which stresses generated in two magnetostrictive rods arranged in parallel are analyzed.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a first embodiment of the power generating element of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the power generating element shown in FIG. 1
- FIG. 3 is a plan view of the power generating element shown in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of the power generating element shown in FIG. 1 (a sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. 1)
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a first embodiment of the power generating element of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the power generating element shown in FIG. 1
- FIG. 3 is a plan view of the power generating element shown in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of the power generating element shown in FIG. 1 (a sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. 1)
- FIGS. 1, 2, and 4 and the front side in FIG. 3 are referred to as “upper” or “upward”, and the lower side in FIGS.
- the back side in FIG. 3 is referred to as “down” or “down”.
- the right side in FIGS. 1 to 4 is referred to as a “tip”, and the left side is referred to as a “base end”.
- a power generation element 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 includes a composite rod 4 formed by joining a magnetostrictive rod 2 that passes magnetic lines of force in the axial direction and a reinforcing rod 3 having a function of applying an appropriate stress to the magnetostrictive rod 2;
- the tip end (the other end) is displaced relative to the base end (one end) of the composite rod 4 in a direction substantially perpendicular to the axial direction, that is, as shown in FIG.
- the magnetostrictive rod 2 is expanded and contracted by moving in the direction.
- the magnetic permeability of the magnetostrictive rod 2 changes due to the inverse magnetostriction effect, and the density of the magnetic lines passing through the magnetostrictive rod 2 (the density of the magnetic lines passing through the coil 5) changes, whereby a voltage is generated in the coil 5.
- the magnetostrictive rod 2 is made of a magnetostrictive material, and is arranged with the direction in which magnetization is likely to occur (direction of easy magnetization) as the axial direction.
- the magnetostrictive rod 2 has a long rectangular column shape, and passes magnetic lines of force in its axial direction.
- the magnetostrictive rod 2 includes a main body portion 21 on the distal end side and a thin portion 22 having a thickness smaller than that of the main body portion 21 on the proximal end side.
- the magnetostrictive rod 2 (composite rod 4) is connected to the first connecting portion 6 at the thin portion 22.
- the magnetostrictive rod 2 (composite rod 4) is connected to the second connecting portion 7 at the tip thereof.
- the thickness (transverse area) of the main body portion 21 is substantially constant along the axial direction.
- the average thickness of the main body 21 is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 0.3 to 10 mm, and more preferably about 0.5 to 5 mm.
- the average cross-sectional area of the main body 21 is preferably about 0.2 to 200 mm 2 , and more preferably about 0.5 to 50 mm 2 .
- the average thickness of the thin portion 22 is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 0.2 to 6 mm, and more preferably about 0.3 to 3 mm.
- the average cross-sectional area of the thin portion 22 is preferably about 0.1 to 80 mm 2 , and more preferably about 0.2 to 20 mm 2 .
- a through hole 221 is formed in the thin portion 22 so as to penetrate in the thickness direction.
- the pin 62 of the first connecting portion 6 is inserted into the through hole 221, whereby the magnetostrictive rod 2 (composite rod 4) is fixed (connected) to the main body portion 61 of the first connecting portion 6.
- a through-hole 211 is formed at the tip of the main body 21 so as to penetrate in the thickness direction.
- the pin 72 of the second connecting portion 7 is inserted into the through hole 211, whereby the magnetostrictive rod 2 (composite rod 4) is fixed (connected) to the main body portion 71 of the second connecting portion 7.
- the Young's modulus of the magnetostrictive material is preferably about 40 to 100 GPa, more preferably about 50 to 90 GPa, and further preferably about 60 to 80 GPa.
- the magnetostrictive rod 2 can be expanded and contracted more greatly. For this reason, since the magnetic permeability of the magnetostrictive rod 2 can be changed more greatly, the power generation efficiency of the power generation element 1 (coil 5) can be further improved.
- Such a magnetostrictive material is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an iron-gallium alloy, an iron-cobalt alloy, an iron-nickel alloy, and the like, and one or more of these can be used in combination. .
- a magnetostrictive material mainly composed of an iron-gallium alloy (Young's modulus: about 70 GPa) is preferably used.
- a magnetostrictive material whose main component is an iron-gallium alloy is easy to set in the Young's modulus range as described above.
- the magnetostrictive material as described above preferably contains at least one of rare earth metals such as Y, Pr, Sm, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, and Tm. Thereby, the change of the magnetic permeability of the magnetostriction stick
- rod 2 can be enlarged more.
- the magnetostrictive rod 2 is provided with a reinforcing rod 3 which is joined to each other by a joint (joint surface) 41 to form a composite rod 4.
- the reinforcing bar (rigid bar) 3 is made of a nonmagnetic material.
- the magnetic lines of force pass through the power generating element 1 (composite bar 4)
- the magnetic lines of force selectively pass in the axial direction of the magnetostrictive rod 2 without passing in the axial direction of the reinforcing bar 3.
- This reinforcing bar 3 has the same shape as the magnetostrictive bar 2. That is, the reinforcing rod 3 has a long rectangular column shape, and includes a main body portion 31 on the distal end side and a thin portion 22 whose thickness is thinner than the main body portion 31 on the proximal end side.
- the reinforcing rod 3 (composite rod 4) is connected to the first connecting portion 6 at the thin portion 32.
- the reinforcing bar 3 (composite bar 4) is connected to the second connecting part 7 at the tip part.
- the reinforcing rod 3 has a substantially constant thickness (cross-sectional area) of the main body 31 along the axial direction.
- the average thickness (average cross-sectional area) of the main body 31 is not particularly limited, but can be equivalent to the average thickness (average cross-sectional area) of the main body 21 of the magnetostrictive rod 2.
- the average thickness (average cross-sectional area) of the thin portion 32 is not particularly limited, but can be equivalent to the average thickness (average cross-sectional area) of the thin portion 22 of the magnetostrictive rod 2.
- a through hole 321 is formed in the thin portion 32 so as to penetrate in the thickness direction.
- the pin 62 of the first connecting portion 6 is inserted into the through-hole 321, whereby the reinforcing rod 3 (composite rod 4) is fixed (connected) to the main body portion 61 of the first connecting portion 6.
- a through-hole 311 is formed at the tip of the main body 31 so as to penetrate in the thickness direction.
- the pin 72 of the second connecting portion 7 is inserted into the through hole 311, whereby the reinforcing rod 3 (composite rod 4) is fixed (connected) to the main body portion 71 of the second connecting portion 7.
- the Young's modulus of the nonmagnetic material constituting the reinforcing rod 3 and the Young's modulus of the magnetostrictive material constituting the magnetostrictive rod 2 may be different, but are preferably substantially equal. Accordingly, the vertical rigidity of the composite rod 4 can be made uniform regardless of the overall shape of the composite rod 4, and the tip of the composite rod 4 is in a direction substantially perpendicular to the axial direction with respect to the base end. It can be displaced smoothly and reliably.
- the Young's modulus of the nonmagnetic material is preferably about 40 to 100 GPa, more preferably about 50 to 90 GPa, and further preferably about 60 to 80 GPa.
- Such a non-magnetic material is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include metal materials, semiconductor materials, ceramic materials, resin materials, and the like, and these can be used alone or in combination.
- a resin material it is preferable to add a filler in a resin material.
- a nonmagnetic material whose main component is a metal material
- a nonmagnetic material whose main component is at least one of aluminum, magnesium, zinc, copper and alloys containing these. More preferred.
- the Young's modulus of aluminum and its alloy is about 70 GPa
- the Young's modulus of magnesium and its alloy is about 40 GPa
- the Young's modulus of zinc and its alloy is about 80 GPa
- the Young's modulus of copper and its alloy (brass) is about 80 GPa.
- the main body portion 31 of the reinforcing rod 3 and the main body portion 21 of the magnetostrictive rod 2 are joined and integrated with each other at the joint portion 41.
- a method for joining the reinforcing rod 3 and the magnetostrictive rod 2 for example, ultrasonic joining, solid-phase diffusion joining performed through a solid-state insert metal, or a liquid-phase insert metal is possible.
- Diffusion bonding such as liquid phase diffusion bonding (TLP bonding) performed through a metal, bonding using a resin adhesive such as an epoxy adhesive, brazing using a metal brazing material such as gold, silver, copper, nickel alloy
- TLP bonding liquid phase diffusion bonding
- a resin adhesive such as an epoxy adhesive
- brazing using a metal brazing material such as gold, silver, copper, nickel alloy
- the magnetostrictive rod 2 is uniformly compressed. Stress can be generated.
- the tip of the composite bar 4 is displaced upward, a uniform tensile stress can be generated in the magnetostrictive bar 2.
- the coil 5 is arranged on the outer periphery of the portion corresponding to the joint portion 41 of the composite rod 4 so as to surround the joint portion 41.
- the coil 5 is configured by winding the wire 52 around the outer periphery of the joint portion 41. Thereby, the coil 5 is arrange
- a voltage is generated in the coil 5 based on a change in the magnetic permeability of the magnetostrictive rod 2, that is, a change in the density of magnetic lines of force (magnetic flux density) passing through the magnetostrictive rod 2.
- the volume of the coil 5 is not limited, the number of windings of the wire constituting the coil 5 and the wire
- the range of choices such as cross-sectional area (wire diameter) is expanded.
- the wire 52 Although it does not specifically limit as the wire 52, for example, the wire which coat
- the number of windings of the wire 52 is appropriately set according to the cross-sectional area of the wire 52, and is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 100 to 500, and more preferably about 150 to 450.
- the cross-sectional area of the wire 52 is preferably from 5 ⁇ 10 -4 ⁇ 0.126mm 2 mm, and more preferably 2 ⁇ 10 -3 ⁇ 0.03mm 2 approximately.
- the cross-sectional shape of the wire 52 may be any shape such as a polygon such as a triangle, a square, a rectangle, and a hexagon, a circle, and an ellipse.
- a first connecting portion 6 is provided at the base end of the composite rod 4.
- the 1st connection part 6 functions as a fixing
- the first connecting portion 6 is composed of a main body portion 61 and a pin 62.
- the main body 61 is composed of a block body in which grooves 611 and 612 that penetrate from the distal end to the proximal end are formed at substantially the center of the upper and lower surfaces. That is, the main body 61 has an H shape when viewed from the base end (or the front end).
- the main body 61 is formed with a through hole 613 penetrating in the thickness direction at a position corresponding to the central portion of the grooves 611 and 612.
- the thin portion 32 of the reinforcing rod 3 is inserted into the groove 611 and the thin portion 22 of the magnetostrictive rod 2 is inserted into the groove 612, and the through hole 321, the through hole 613, and the through hole 221 are inserted.
- the pin 62 is inserted therethrough, whereby the composite rod 4 is fixed to the first connecting portion 6.
- the pin 62 is formed of a cylindrical member, and for example, by fitting, caulking, welding, bonding with an adhesive, or the like to the magnetostrictive rod 2, the reinforcing rod 3, and the main body 61. It is fixed.
- the pin 62 may be formed of a screw that is screwed to the magnetostrictive rod 2, the reinforcing rod 3, and the main body portion 61.
- a second connecting portion 7 is provided at the tip of the composite rod 4.
- the second connecting portion 7 is a portion that applies an external force or vibration to the composite rod 4.
- the composite rod 4 has its base end as a fixed end, and the tip reciprocates in the vertical direction. (The distal end is displaced relative to the proximal end).
- the second connecting portion 7 is composed of a main body portion 71 and a pin 72.
- the main body 71 is composed of a block body in which an insertion portion 711 penetrating from the distal end to the proximal end is formed. That is, the main body 71 has a rectangular tube shape. Further, through holes 712 and 713 penetrating in the thickness direction are formed in the central portion of the upper surface and the lower surface of the main body 71.
- the tip of the composite rod 4 is inserted into the insertion portion 711, and the pin 72 is inserted through the through hole 712, the through hole 311, the through hole 211, and the through hole 713. 4 is fixed to the second connecting portion 7.
- the pin 72 is composed of a cylindrical member, and for example, by fitting, caulking, welding, bonding with an adhesive, or the like to the magnetostrictive rod 2, the reinforcing rod 3, and the main body 71. It is fixed.
- the pin 72 may be formed of a screw that is screwed to the magnetostrictive rod 2, the reinforcing rod 3, and the main body portion 71.
- the composite rod 4 can be securely fixed, and the composite rod 4 (particularly, the magnetostrictive rod 2) has sufficient rigidity to apply a uniform stress.
- a material having ferromagnetism capable of applying a bias magnetic field to the magnetostrictive rod 2 is not particularly limited. Examples of the material having the above characteristics include pure iron (for example, JIS SUY), soft iron, carbon steel, electromagnetic steel (silicon steel), high-speed tool steel, structural steel (for example, JIS SS400), stainless marmalloy, and the like. These can be used, and one or more of these can be used in combination.
- constituent material of the pins 62 and 72 for example, a resin material, a ceramic material, or the like can be used in addition to the same material as the constituent material of the main body portions 61 and 71, respectively.
- a magnetic field application mechanism 8 for applying a bias magnetic field to the magnetostrictive rod 2 is provided on the right side of the composite rod 4.
- the magnetic field application mechanism 8 includes a permanent magnet 81 fixed to the right side of the main body portion 61, a permanent magnet 82 fixed to the right side of the main body portion 71, and a permanent magnet 81,
- the plate-shaped yoke 83 is connected to the permanent magnet 82.
- the permanent magnet 81 is disposed with the S pole on the main body 61 side and the N pole on the yoke 83 side, and the permanent magnet 82 is disposed on the main body 71 side with the S pole on the yoke 71 side. It is arranged on the 83 side. As a result, a magnetic field loop around the counterclockwise direction is formed in the power generating element 1.
- the constituent material of the yoke 83 for example, the same material as that of the main body portions 61 and 71 can be used.
- the permanent magnets 81 and 82 may be, for example, alnico magnets, ferrite magnets, neodymium magnets, samarium cobalt magnets, or magnets obtained by molding composite materials obtained by pulverizing them and kneading them into resin materials or rubber materials (bond magnets). ) Etc. can be used.
- the yoke 83 is preferably fixed together with the permanent magnets 81 and 82, for example, by bonding with an adhesive or the like.
- the magnetic permeability of the magnetostrictive rod 2 changes due to the inverse magnetostrictive effect, and the density of magnetic lines of force passing through the magnetostrictive bar 2 (density of magnetic lines of force penetrating through the lumen of the coil 5 in the axial direction) changes. As a result, a voltage is generated in the coil 5.
- uniform stress compressive stress or tensile stress
- the power generation efficiency of the power generation element 1 can be improved.
- the ratio which contributes to the electric power generation per volume of a magnetostrictive material can be raised, it contributes also to the weight reduction, size reduction, and price reduction of the electric power generation element 1.
- FIG. The power generation amount of the power generation element 1 is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 100 to 1400 ⁇ J. If the power generation amount (power generation capability) of the power generation element 1 is within the above range, for example, by combining with a wireless device, it can be effectively used for a home lighting wireless switch, a home security system, and the like described later.
- FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a second embodiment of the power generating element of the present invention.
- the upper side in FIG. 6 is referred to as “upper” or “upper”, and the lower side in FIG. 6 is referred to as “lower” or “lower”.
- the right side in FIG. 6 is referred to as “tip”, and the left side is referred to as “base end”.
- the power generation element of the second embodiment will be described focusing on the differences from the power generation element of the first embodiment, and description of similar matters will be omitted.
- the overall shape of the composite rod 4 is different, and the rest is the same as the power generation element 1 of the first embodiment. That is, as shown in FIG. 6, the thickness (cross-sectional area of the composite rod 4) in the longitudinal section of the composite rod 4 of the second embodiment continuously decreases from the proximal end toward the distal end.
- the stress distribution generated in the magnetostrictive rod 2 can be controlled more reliably, Stress can be more uniformly applied to the axial direction of the magnetostrictive rod 2. For this reason, the variation
- rod 2 can be enlarged more, and the electric power generation efficiency of the electric power generation element 1 can be improved more. Further, since the stress applied to the magnetostrictive rod 2 becomes more uniform, durability against external force and vibration of the magnetostrictive rod 2 can be improved.
- the power generation element 1 according to the second embodiment produces the same operations and effects as the power generation element 1 according to the first embodiment.
- the composite bar 4 may have a configuration in which the cross-sectional area gradually decreases from the base end toward the tip end.
- FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a third embodiment of the power generating element of the present invention.
- the upper side in FIG. 7 is referred to as “upper” or “upper”, and the lower side is referred to as “lower” or “lower”.
- the right side in FIG. 7 is referred to as “tip”, and the left side is referred to as “base end”.
- the power generating element of the third embodiment will be described focusing on the differences from the power generating elements of the first and second embodiments, and the description of the same matters will be omitted.
- the relationship between the thickness of the main body portion 21 of the magnetostrictive rod 2 and the thickness of the main body portion 31 of the reinforcing rod 3 is different, and other than that, the same as the power generation element 1 of the second embodiment. It is. That is, as shown in FIG. 7, in the composite rod 4 of the third embodiment, the thickness (cross-sectional area) of the reinforcing rod 3 continuously decreases from the proximal end to the distal end at the joint portion 41, and The thickness (cross-sectional area) of the magnetostrictive rod 2 is substantially constant from the proximal end to the distal end.
- the part where the stress generated in the entire composite bar 4 is the most uniform and high is concentrated near the surface in the displacement direction of the composite bar. Therefore, since the amount of the expensive magnetostrictive material used can be reduced by disposing the magnetostrictive rod 2 having a substantially constant thickness (cross-sectional area) in the axial direction in the portion, the production of the power generating element 1 can be reduced. Cost can be further reduced.
- the reinforcing rod 3 having a relatively complicated shape can be formed using a method such as press working, forging, or casting.
- the magnetostrictive rod 2 having a relatively simple shape can be formed using a method such as cutting or laser processing.
- a magnetostrictive material for example, an iron-gallium alloy
- a method such as cutting or laser processing is a little difficult.
- the residual stress due to bending, forging, or pressing affects the inverse magnetostriction effect of the magnetostrictive rod 2
- the ability of the magnetostrictive rod 2 to transmit the lines of magnetic force may be reduced depending on the processing conditions.
- the magnetostrictive rod 2 is preferably as simple as possible, and a flat plate having a substantially uniform thickness is a particularly preferable shape.
- the flat magnetostrictive rod 2 since the flat magnetostrictive rod 2 is used, the assembly of the power generating element 1 and the workability of the magnetostrictive rod 2 can be improved.
- the power generating element 1 that can maximize the effect while minimizing the amount of magnetostrictive material used.
- B / A is 0.8 or more.
- B / A is 1 or more, more preferably 1.2 or more.
- the power generation element 1 according to the third embodiment produces the same operations and effects as those of the power generation element 1 according to the first and second embodiments.
- FIG. 8 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a fourth embodiment of the power generating element of the present invention.
- the upper side in FIG. 8 is referred to as “upper” or “upper”, and the lower side is referred to as “lower” or “lower”.
- the right side in FIG. 8 is referred to as “tip”, and the left side is referred to as “base end”.
- the power generation element of the fourth embodiment will be described focusing on the differences from the power generation elements of the first to third embodiments, and description of similar matters will be omitted.
- the power generation element 1 of the fourth embodiment is different from the power generation element 1 of the third embodiment except for the arrangement position and configuration of the coil 5. That is, as shown in FIG. 8, in the power generating element 1 of the fourth embodiment, the coil 5 is disposed on the outer peripheral side of the joint portion 41 of the composite rod 4 so as to surround the composite rod 4, and the bobbin 51 The wire 52 is wound around the bobbin 51.
- the bobbin 51 is composed of a rectangular cylinder, and is fixed to the front end surface of the main body 61 of the first connecting portion 6 by a method such as fusion, welding, or adhesion using an adhesive. For this reason, in this embodiment, the composite rod 4 can be displaced independently from the coil 5 inside the bobbin 51. Therefore, even if the composite rod 4 is displaced, the wire constituting the coil 5 is not deformed. As a result, the durability of the coil 5 can be improved.
- the rectangular cylindrical body constituting the bobbin 51 has a lumen portion having a substantially constant cross-sectional area, a gap in which the separation distance gradually increases toward the distal end side between the composite rod 4 and the bobbin 51. 511 is formed.
- the gap 511 is set to have a size such that the bobbin 51 and the vibrating composite rod 4 do not interfere with each other, that is, a size larger than the amplitude of the composite rod 4 when the composite rod 4 is displaced by vibration. Thereby, the electric power generation element 1 can generate electric power efficiently.
- the constituent material of the bobbin 51 for example, the same material as the constituent material of the reinforcing rod 3 can be used.
- the power generation element 1 according to the fourth embodiment produces the same operations and effects as the power generation elements 1 according to the first to third embodiments.
- the bobbin 51 may be omitted by fixing and integrating the wire 52 of the coil 5. Further, the gap 511 may be formed between the composite rod 4 and the bobbin 51 and over the entire joint portion 41 (full length).
- FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing a fifth embodiment of the power generating element of the present invention.
- the upper side in FIG. 9 is referred to as “upper” or “upper”, and the lower side is referred to as “lower” or “lower”.
- the right side in FIG. 9 is referred to as “tip”, and the left side is referred to as “base end”.
- the power generation element of the fifth embodiment will be described focusing on the differences from the power generation elements of the first to fourth embodiments, and description of similar matters will be omitted.
- the power generation element 1 of the fifth embodiment is different from the power generation element 1 of the first embodiment except that the arrangement position of the coil 5 is different. That is, as shown in FIG. 9, in the power generating element 1 of the fifth embodiment, the coil 5 is configured by winding the wire 52 around the outer periphery of the yoke 83 instead of the outer periphery of the composite rod 4. That is, the coil 5 is disposed so that the magnetic lines of force after passing through the magnetostrictive rod 2 pass in the axial direction (penetrate the lumen portion).
- the power generation element 1 according to the fifth embodiment produces the same operations and effects as the power generation elements 1 according to the first to fourth embodiments.
- the power generation element as described above includes a transmitter power source, a sensor network power source, a home lighting wireless switch, a system for monitoring the state of each part of the vehicle (for example, a tire pressure sensor, a seat belt wearing detection sensor), and a home security system. (In particular, it can be used for a system that notifies operation detection of windows and doors wirelessly).
- one of the two permanent magnets can be omitted, and one or both of the permanent magnets can be replaced with an electromagnet.
- the power generation element of the present invention may be configured to generate power using an external magnetic field (external magnetic field), omitting both permanent magnets.
- the magnetostrictive rod and the reinforcing rod both have a rectangular cross-sectional shape, such as a circular shape, an elliptical shape, a triangular shape, a square shape, and a hexagonal shape. It may be a polygonal shape. However, from the viewpoint of securing the bonding strength between the magnetostrictive rod and the reinforcing rod, a shape in which both the magnetostrictive rod and the reinforcing rod have a flat joining surface, particularly a rectangular shape, is preferable.
- a reinforcing rod having a function of imparting an appropriate stress to the magnetostrictive rod is joined to the magnetostrictive rod to form a composite rod, whereby uniform stress is applied to the magnetostrictive rod when the magnetostrictive rod is expanded and contracted.
- the present invention has industrial applicability.
Abstract
Description
(1) 磁歪材料で構成され、軸方向に磁力線を通過させる磁歪棒と、非磁性材料で構成され、前記磁歪棒に適切な応力を付与する機能を有する補強棒とを併設するとともに、互いに接合部で接合してなる複合棒と、
前記磁力線が軸方向に通過するように配置され、その密度の変化に基づいて電圧が発生するコイルとを有し、
前記複合棒の一端に対して他端を、その軸方向とほぼ垂直な方向に相対的に変位させて前記磁歪棒を伸縮させることにより、前記磁力線の密度を変化させるよう構成したことを特徴とする発電素子。
<第1実施形態>
まず、本発明の発電素子の第1実施形態について説明する。
<<磁歪棒2>>
磁歪棒2は、磁歪材料で構成され、磁化が生じ易い方向(磁化容易方向)を軸方向として配置されている。この磁歪棒2は、長尺の四角柱状をなしており、その軸方向に磁力線を通過させる。
補強棒(剛性棒)3は、非磁性材料で構成されている。これにより、磁力線が発電素子1(複合棒4)を通過する際は、磁力線は、補強棒3の軸方向に通過することなく、選択的に磁歪棒2の軸方向に通過することとなる。
コイル5は、線材52を接合部41の外周に巻回することにより構成されている。これにより、コイル5は、磁歪棒2を通過している磁力線が、その軸方向に通過する(内腔部を貫く)ように配設されている。このコイル5には、磁歪棒2の透磁率の変化、すなわち、磁歪棒2を通過する磁力線の密度(磁束密度)の変化に基づいて、電圧が発生する。
複合棒4の基端には、第1の連結部6が設けられている。
第1の連結部6は、発電素子1を筐体等に固定するための固定部として機能する。第1の連結部6を介して発電素子1を固定することにより、複合棒4は、その基端を固定端、先端を可動端として片持ち支持される。この第1の連結部6は、本体部61とピン62とで構成されている。
一方、複合棒4の先端部には、第2の連結部7が設けられている。
第2の連結部7は、複合棒4に対して外力や振動を付与する部位である。第2の連結部7に対して、図4の上または下への外力、または、上下方向の振動を付与すると、複合棒4は、その基端を固定端とし、先端が上下方向に往復動(先端が基端に対して相対的に変位)する。この第2の連結部7は、本体部71とピン72とで構成されている。
磁界印加機構8は、図1および図2に示すように、本体部61の右側方に固定された永久磁石81と、本体部71の右側方に固定された永久磁石82と、永久磁石81と永久磁石82とを接続する平板状のヨーク83とで構成されている。
なお、発電素子1の発電量は、特に限定されないが、100~1400μJ程度であるのが好ましい。発電素子1の発電量(発電能力)が上記範囲内であれば、例えば、無線装置と組み合わせることで、後述する住宅照明用無線スイッチや住宅セキュリティー用システム等に有効に利用することができる。
次に、本発明の発電素子の第2実施形態について説明する。
なお、以下の説明では、図6中の上側を「上」または「上方」と言い、図6中の下側を「下」または「下方」と言う。また、図6中の右側を「先端」と言い、左側を「基端」と言う。
次に、本発明の発電素子の第3実施形態について説明する。
なお、以下の説明では、図7中の上側を「上」または「上方」と言い、下側を「下」または「下方」と言う。また、図7中の右側を「先端」と言い、左側を「基端」と言う。
次に、本発明の発電素子の第4実施形態について説明する。
なお、以下の説明では、図8中の上側を「上」または「上方」と言い、下側を「下」または「下方」と言う。また、図8中の右側を「先端」と言い、左側を「基端」と言う。
次に、本発明の発電素子の第5実施形態について説明する。
なお、以下の説明では、図9中の上側を「上」または「上方」と言い、下側を「下」または「下方」と言う。また、図9中の右側を「先端」と言い、左側を「基端」と言う。
例えば、前記第1~第5実施形態の任意の構成を組み合わせることもできる。
Claims (12)
- 磁歪材料で構成され、軸方向に磁力線を通過させる磁歪棒と、非磁性材料で構成され、前記磁歪棒に適切な応力を付与する機能を有する補強棒とを併設するとともに、互いに接合部で接合してなる複合棒と、
前記磁力線が軸方向に通過するように配置され、その密度の変化に基づいて電圧が発生するコイルとを有し、
前記複合棒の一端に対して他端を、その軸方向とほぼ垂直な方向に相対的に変位させて前記磁歪棒を伸縮させることにより、前記磁力線の密度を変化させるよう構成したことを特徴とする発電素子。 - 前記接合部において、前記磁歪棒の横断面積の平均値をA[mm2]とし、前記補強棒の横断面積の平均値をB[mm2]としたとき、B/Aが0.8以上である請求項1に記載の発電素子。
- 前記接合部において、前記複合棒は、その横断面積が前記一端から前記他端に向かって減少している請求項1または2に記載の発電素子。
- 前記接合部において、前記補強棒は、その横断面積が前記複合棒の前記一端から前記他端に向かって減少し、かつ、前記磁歪棒は、その横断面積が前記複合棒の前記一端から前記他端に向かってほぼ一定である請求項1ないし3のいずれかに記載の発電素子。
- 前記コイルは、前記複合棒の前記接合部の外周側に、前記複合棒を囲むように配置されている請求項1ないし4のいずれかに記載の発電素子。
- 前記コイルは、前記複合棒の前記接合部の外周側に、前記複合棒を囲むように配置されたボビンと、該ボビンに巻回された線材とを備える請求項1ないし5のいずれかに記載の発電素子。
- 前記複合棒と前記ボビンとの間には、少なくとも前記複合棒の前記他端の側において空隙が形成されている請求項6に記載の発電素子。
- 前記複合棒の前記他端の変位は、前記複合棒に振動を付与することによりなされ、前記空隙は、前記ボビンと振動する前記複合棒とが干渉しないようなサイズを有する請求項7に記載の発電素子。
- 前記磁歪材料のヤング率と、前記非磁性材料のヤング率とがほぼ等しい請求項1ないし8のいずれかに記載の発電素子。
- 前記磁歪材料のヤング率および前記非磁性材料のヤング率は、それぞれ、40~100GPaである請求項1ないし9のいずれかに記載の発電素子。
- 前記磁歪材料は、鉄-ガリウム系合金を主成分とする請求項1ないし10のいずれかに記載の発電素子。
- 前記非磁性材料は、アルミニウム、マグネシウム、亜鉛、銅およびこれらを含む合金のうちの少なくとも1種を主成分とする請求項1ないし11のいずれかに記載の発電素子。
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WO2017183325A1 (ja) * | 2016-04-19 | 2017-10-26 | 株式会社サンライフ | 発電素子、発電素子の製造方法及びアクチュエータ |
JPWO2017183325A1 (ja) * | 2016-04-19 | 2018-05-17 | 株式会社サンライフ | 発電素子、発電素子の製造方法及びアクチュエータ |
US10944340B2 (en) | 2016-04-19 | 2021-03-09 | National University Corporation Kanazawa University | Power generation element, method for manufacturing power generation element, and actuator |
WO2021132482A2 (ja) | 2019-12-25 | 2021-07-01 | 日鉄ケミカル&マテリアル株式会社 | 発電用磁歪素子および磁歪発電デバイス |
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JP2014033508A (ja) | 2014-02-20 |
US20150155472A1 (en) | 2015-06-04 |
CN104508968A (zh) | 2015-04-08 |
DE112013003792T5 (de) | 2015-04-30 |
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