WO2014010592A1 - マーク形成方法及びデバイス製造方法 - Google Patents
マーク形成方法及びデバイス製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014010592A1 WO2014010592A1 PCT/JP2013/068751 JP2013068751W WO2014010592A1 WO 2014010592 A1 WO2014010592 A1 WO 2014010592A1 JP 2013068751 W JP2013068751 W JP 2013068751W WO 2014010592 A1 WO2014010592 A1 WO 2014010592A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/20—Exposure; Apparatus therefor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/544—Marks applied to semiconductor devices or parts, e.g. registration marks, alignment structures, wafer maps
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic System or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/302—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to change their surface-physical characteristics or shape, e.g. etching, polishing, cutting
- H01L21/306—Chemical or electrical treatment, e.g. electrolytic etching
- H01L21/308—Chemical or electrical treatment, e.g. electrolytic etching using masks
- H01L21/3083—Chemical or electrical treatment, e.g. electrolytic etching using masks characterised by their size, orientation, disposition, behaviour, shape, in horizontal or vertical plane
- H01L21/3086—Chemical or electrical treatment, e.g. electrolytic etching using masks characterised by their size, orientation, disposition, behaviour, shape, in horizontal or vertical plane characterised by the process involved to create the mask, e.g. lift-off masks, sidewalls, or to modify the mask, e.g. pre-treatment, post-treatment
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/0002—Lithographic processes using patterning methods other than those involving the exposure to radiation, e.g. by stamping
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/16—Coating processes; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/168—Finishing the coated layer, e.g. drying, baking, soaking
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70216—Mask projection systems
- G03F7/70341—Details of immersion lithography aspects, e.g. exposure media or control of immersion liquid supply
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F9/00—Registration or positioning of originals, masks, frames, photographic sheets or textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. automatically
- G03F9/70—Registration or positioning of originals, masks, frames, photographic sheets or textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. automatically for microlithography
- G03F9/7073—Alignment marks and their environment
- G03F9/708—Mark formation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02107—Forming insulating materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02109—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates
- H01L21/02112—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer
- H01L21/02118—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer carbon based polymeric organic or inorganic material, e.g. polyimides, poly cyclobutene or PVC
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/027—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34
- H01L21/0271—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising organic layers
- H01L21/0273—Making masks on semiconductor bodies for further photolithographic processing not provided for in group H01L21/18 or H01L21/34 comprising organic layers characterised by the treatment of photoresist layers
- H01L21/0274—Photolithographic processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2223/00—Details relating to semiconductor or other solid state devices covered by the group H01L23/00
- H01L2223/544—Marks applied to semiconductor devices or parts
- H01L2223/54426—Marks applied to semiconductor devices or parts for alignment
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2223/00—Details relating to semiconductor or other solid state devices covered by the group H01L23/00
- H01L2223/544—Marks applied to semiconductor devices or parts
- H01L2223/54453—Marks applied to semiconductor devices or parts for use prior to dicing
- H01L2223/5446—Located in scribe lines
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
- H01L2924/0002—Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a mark forming method for forming a mark in a mark forming region of a substrate and a device manufacturing method using this mark forming method.
- a semiconductor device typically includes multiple layers of circuit patterns formed on a substrate, and a predetermined pattern of the substrate is used to accurately align the multiple layers of circuit patterns with each other in the semiconductor device manufacturing process.
- An alignment mark for positioning or alignment is formed in the mark formation region of the layer.
- the substrate is a semiconductor wafer (hereinafter also simply referred to as a wafer)
- the alignment mark is also referred to as a wafer mark.
- the conventional finest circuit pattern of a semiconductor device has been formed by using a dry or immersion lithography process using a dry or immersion exposure apparatus having an exposure wavelength of 193 nm, for example. It is expected that it is difficult to form a circuit pattern finer than, for example, a 22 nm node even if conventional optical lithography is combined with a recently developed double patterning process.
- nanoscale microstructures (sub-lithography) using directional self-assembly of block copolymers (BlockAsCo-Polymer) between patterns formed using a lithography process recently. It has been proposed to form a circuit pattern that is finer than the resolution limit of the current lithography technique (see, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2010-269304).
- the patterned structure of a block copolymer is also known as a microdomain (microphase separation domain) or simply a domain.
- Graphoepitaxy is known as a directional self-organization method.
- an aspect of the present invention aims to provide a mark forming technique that can be used when a circuit pattern is formed using self-organization of a block copolymer.
- a method of forming a mark is provided that includes forming a mark and applying a polymer layer containing the block copolymer onto the work layer of the substrate.
- the first mark image is exposed on the mark forming layer of the substrate, the second mark including the convex line portion is formed based on the first mark image, and the substrate Applying a polymer layer containing a block copolymer to a portion other than the convex line portion of the region where the second mark is formed, forming a self-assembled region in the polymer layer,
- a mark forming method is provided that includes selectively removing a portion of the organized region and processing the mark forming layer of the substrate using the self-assembled region after the removal.
- the mark for interlayer alignment is formed on the substrate using the mark forming method of the first or second aspect, and the alignment is performed using the mark for alignment.
- a device manufacturing method comprising: exposing the substrate; and processing the exposed substrate.
- the mark when the circuit pattern is formed using the self-organization of the block copolymer, the mark can be formed together with the circuit pattern.
- FIG. 2A is a block diagram showing a main part of a pattern forming system used in the embodiment
- FIG. 2B is a view showing a schematic configuration of an exposure apparatus 100 in FIG.
- (A) is a top view which shows the device layer with the wafer which concerns on 1st Embodiment
- (B) is an enlarged plan view which shows one wafer mark of FIG. 2 (A), and a one part circuit pattern.
- It is a flowchart which shows the pattern formation method of 1st Embodiment.
- (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), (F), and (G) are enlarged cross-sectional views each showing a part of a wafer pattern that gradually changes during the pattern forming process. is there.
- (A) is an enlarged plan view showing a part of the wafer surface coated with a neutral layer
- (B) is an enlarged plan view showing a part of the wafer surface in a state where a part of the neutral layer is removed.
- (A) is an enlarged plan view showing a part of a mark pattern of the reticle of the second embodiment
- (B) is an enlarged view showing a pattern of a transmission region in FIG. 6 (A).
- (A) is an enlarged plan view showing a part of the resist pattern of the second embodiment
- (B) is an enlarged view showing a concave region of FIG. 7 (A)
- (C) is one of the patterned liquid repellent layers. It is an enlarged view which shows a part.
- (A) is an enlarged plan view showing a polymer layer separated into two types of domains
- (B), (C), and (D) are cross-sectional views in the manufacturing stage where the wafer of FIG. is there. It is an enlarged plan view showing a wafer mark formed in the second embodiment. It is an enlarged plan view which shows the wafer mark of a comparative example.
- (A) is an enlarged plan view showing a resist mark for a wafer mark of a first modified example
- (B) is a partially enlarged view showing a polymer layer separated into hole pattern domains.
- FIG. 13B is an enlarged plan view showing a resist mark for a wafer mark on the second device layer in FIG. It is a flowchart which shows an example of the manufacturing process of an electronic device.
- FIG. 1A shows a main part of the pattern forming system of the present embodiment
- FIG. 1B shows a scanning exposure apparatus (projection exposure apparatus) comprising a scanning stepper (scanner) in FIG. ) 100 schematic configuration.
- projection exposure apparatus projection exposure apparatus
- scanner scanning stepper
- a pattern forming system includes an exposure apparatus 100, a coater / developer 200 for applying and developing a photoresist (resist) as a photosensitive material on a wafer (substrate), a thin film forming apparatus 300, a dry and Etching apparatus 400 that performs wet etching, polymer processing apparatus 500 that performs processing of a polymer (polymer) including a block copolymer (Block Co-Polymer: BCP), which will be described later, an annealing apparatus 600, and an interval between these apparatuses And a transfer system 700 for transferring the wafer, a host computer (not shown), and the like.
- a coater / developer 200 for applying and developing a photoresist (resist) as a photosensitive material on a wafer (substrate)
- a thin film forming apparatus 300 a dry and Etching apparatus 400 that performs wet etching
- polymer processing apparatus 500 that performs processing of a polymer (polymer) including
- the block copolymer used in the present invention is a polymer containing a monomer (monomer) present in more than one block unit, or a polymer derived from those monomers. Each block of monomers includes a repeating sequence of monomers. Any polymer such as a diblock copolymer or a triblock copolymer can be used as the block copolymer. Of these, the diblock copolymer has two different monomer blocks.
- the diblock copolymer can be abbreviated as Ab-B, where A is the first block polymer, B is the second block polymer, and -b- is the A and B block.
- PS-b-PMMA represents a diblock copolymer of polystyrene (PS) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA).
- a block copolymer having another structure such as a star copolymer, a branched copolymer, a hyperbranched copolymer, or a graft copolymer, is used as the block of the present invention. It can also be used as a copolymer.
- the block copolymer has a tendency that the respective blocks (monomers) constituting the block copolymer gather to form individual microphase separation domains called microdomains or simply domains (phase separation tendency).
- This phase separation is also a kind of self-assembly.
- the spacing and morphology of the different domains depends on the interaction, volume fraction, and number of different blocks within the block copolymer.
- the domain of the block copolymer can be formed, for example, as a result of annealing (annealing). Heating or baking, which is part of annealing, is a common process that raises the temperature of the substrate and the coating layer (thin film layer) above it above ambient temperature.
- Annealing can include thermal annealing, thermal gradient annealing, solvent vapor annealing, or other annealing methods.
- Thermal annealing sometimes referred to as thermosetting, is used to induce phase separation and can also be used as a process to reduce or eliminate defects in layers of lateral microphase separation domains.
- Annealing generally involves heating at a temperature above the glass transition temperature of the block copolymer for a period of time (eg, minutes to days).
- directed self-assembly is applied to a polymer including a block copolymer to form a circuit pattern and / or alignment mark suitable for a semiconductor device.
- DSA directed self-assembly
- a spatial arrangement topographic structure defined by a pre-pattern or guide pattern, for example, using a resist pattern formed by a lithography process as a pre-pattern or guide pattern. It is a technology that controls the placement.
- a method of directivity self-organization for example, a chemo-epitaxy method (Chemo-Epitaxy Process) in which a planar pre-pattern or guide pattern is provided on the ground is used.
- Epitaxy Grapho-Epitaxy Process
- an exposure apparatus 100 includes an illumination system 10, a reticle stage RST that holds a reticle R (mask) that is illuminated by exposure illumination light (exposure light) IL from the illumination system 10, and a reticle R.
- a projection unit PU including a projection optical system PL that projects the emitted illumination light IL onto the surface of the wafer W (substrate), a wafer stage WST that holds the wafer W, and a computer that comprehensively controls the operation of the entire apparatus.
- a main control device (not shown) is provided.
- the Z axis is taken in parallel with the optical axis AX of the projection optical system PL, and along the direction in which the reticle R and the wafer W are relatively scanned in a plane (substantially a horizontal plane) perpendicular thereto.
- the Y axis is taken along the X axis along the direction perpendicular to the Z axis and the Y axis, and the rotation (tilt) directions around the X axis, the Y axis, and the Z axis are described as the ⁇ x, ⁇ y, and ⁇ z directions, respectively. I do.
- the illumination system 10 includes a light source that generates illumination light IL and an illumination optical system that illuminates the reticle R with the illumination light IL, as disclosed in, for example, US Patent Application Publication No. 2003/025890.
- the illumination light IL for example, ArF excimer laser light (wavelength 193 nm) is used.
- KrF excimer laser light wavelength 248 nm
- a harmonic of a YAG laser or a solid-state laser such as a semiconductor laser
- the illumination optical system includes a polarization control optical system, a light quantity distribution forming optical system (such as a diffractive optical element or a spatial light modulator), an optical integrator (such as a fly-eye lens or a rod integrator (an internal reflection type integrator)), etc.
- a polarization control optical system such as a diffractive optical element or a spatial light modulator
- an optical integrator such as a fly-eye lens or a rod integrator (an internal reflection type integrator)
- An optical system, a reticle blind (fixed and variable field stop), and the like are included.
- the illumination system 10 includes a slit-like illumination area IAR that is elongated in the X direction on the pattern surface (lower surface) of the reticle R defined by the reticle blind, dipolar illumination (a non-periodic direction in which the shape of the secondary light source is a leaf-like pattern) Illumination is performed with a substantially uniform illuminance distribution by illumination light IL in a predetermined polarization state under illumination conditions such as quadrupole illumination, annular illumination, or normal illumination.
- a reticle stage RST that holds the reticle R by vacuum suction or the like is movable on the upper surface of the reticle base (not shown) parallel to the XY plane at a constant speed in the Y direction, and in the X and Y positions. And the rotation angle in the ⁇ z direction can be adjusted.
- the position information of the reticle stage RST is obtained with a resolution of, for example, about 0.5 to 0.1 nm via the movable mirror 14 (or the mirror-finished side surface of the stage) by the reticle interferometer 18 including a multi-axis laser interferometer. Always detected.
- the position and speed of reticle stage RST are controlled by controlling a reticle stage drive system (not shown) including a linear motor and the like based on the measurement value of reticle interferometer 18.
- the projection unit PU disposed below the reticle stage RST includes a lens barrel 24 and a projection optical system PL having a plurality of optical elements held in the lens barrel 24 in a predetermined positional relationship.
- the projection optical system PL is, for example, telecentric on both sides and has a predetermined projection magnification ⁇ (for example, a reduction magnification of 1/4 times, 1/5 times, etc.). Due to the illumination light IL that has passed through the reticle R, an image of the circuit pattern in the illumination area IAR of the reticle R passes through the projection optical system PL to form an exposure area IA (conjugation with the illumination area IAR) in one shot area of the wafer W. Region).
- a wafer (semiconductor wafer) W as a substrate of the present embodiment is used for pattern formation on the surface of a disk-shaped base material having a diameter of about 200 to 450 mm made of, for example, silicon (or SOI (silicon on insulator) or the like). In which a thin film (oxide film, metal film, polysilicon film, etc.) is formed. Further, a photoresist is applied to the surface of the wafer W to be exposed with a predetermined thickness (for example, about several tens of nm to 200 nm).
- the exposure apparatus 100 performs exposure using a liquid immersion method, so that the lower end of the lens barrel 24 that holds the tip lens 26 that is the optical element on the most image plane side (wafer W side) constituting the projection optical system PL.
- a nozzle unit 32 that constitutes a part of the local liquid immersion device 30 for supplying the liquid Lq between the tip lens 26 and the wafer W is provided so as to surround the periphery of the part.
- the supply port for the liquid Lq of the nozzle unit 32 is connected to a liquid supply device (not shown) via a supply flow path and a supply pipe 34A.
- the liquid Lq recovery port of the nozzle unit 32 is connected to a liquid recovery device (not shown) via a recovery flow path and a recovery pipe 34B.
- the detailed configuration of the local immersion apparatus 30 is disclosed in, for example, US Patent Application Publication No. 2007/242247.
- Wafer stage WST is mounted on upper surface 12a parallel to the XY plane of base board 12 so as to be movable in the X and Y directions.
- Wafer stage WST is provided in stage body 20, wafer table WTB mounted on the upper surface of stage body 20, and stage body 20, and the position (Z) of wafer table WTB (wafer W) with respect to stage body 20 (Z Position) and a Z-leveling mechanism that relatively drives the tilt angles in the ⁇ x direction and the ⁇ y direction.
- Wafer table WTB is provided with a wafer holder (not shown) that holds wafer W on a suction surface substantially parallel to the XY plane by vacuum suction or the like.
- a flat plate (repellent repellent surface) that is substantially flush with the surface of wafer W (wafer surface) and that has been subjected to a liquid repellent treatment with respect to liquid Lq. (Liquid plate) 28 is provided. Further, during exposure, for example, based on the measurement value of an oblique focus type autofocus sensor (not shown), the Z leveling of wafer stage WST is performed so that the wafer surface is focused on the image plane of projection optical system PL. The mechanism is driven.
- a reflecting surface is formed on each of the end surfaces in the Y direction and the X direction of the wafer table WTB by mirror finishing.
- the position information of the wafer stage WST (at least in the X and Y directions) And a rotation angle in the ⁇ z direction) are measured with a resolution of about 0.5 to 0.1 nm, for example.
- the position and speed of wafer stage WST are controlled by controlling a wafer stage drive system (not shown) including a linear motor and the like based on the measured values.
- the position information of wafer stage WST may be measured by an encoder type detection apparatus having a diffraction grating scale and a detection head.
- the exposure apparatus 100 also measures the wafer alignment system ALS for measuring the position of a predetermined wafer mark (alignment mark) on the wafer W and the position of the image by the projection optical system PL of the alignment mark on the reticle R.
- An aerial image measurement system (not shown) built in stage WST is provided. Using these aerial image measurement systems (reticle alignment systems) and wafer alignment systems AL, alignment between the reticle R and each shot area of the wafer W is performed.
- the wafer stage WST is moved in the X and Y directions (step movement), so that the shot area to be exposed on the wafer W is moved in front of the exposure area IA. Further, the liquid Lq is supplied between the projection optical system PL and the wafer W from the local liquid immersion device 30. Then, while projecting an image of a part of the pattern of the reticle R by the projection optical system PL onto one shot area of the wafer W, the reticle R and the wafer W are synchronized in the Y direction via the reticle stage RST and the wafer stage WST. The pattern image of the reticle R is scanned and exposed to the shot area. By repeating the step movement and scanning exposure, the image of the pattern of the reticle R is exposed to each shot area of the wafer W by the step-and-scan method and the liquid immersion method.
- the device pattern to be manufactured in this embodiment is a circuit pattern for an SRAM (Static RAM) gate cell as a semiconductor element, and this circuit pattern is a polymer pattern including a block copolymer. Formed using directional self-organization (DSA). Further, in the present embodiment, a wafer mark as an alignment mark for positioning or alignment is also formed on the device layer of the wafer W on which the device pattern is formed.
- SRAM Static RAM
- DSA directional self-organization
- FIG. 2A shows the wafer W on which the device pattern and the wafer mark are formed.
- the surface of the wafer W is provided with a number of shot areas SA (device pattern formation areas) with a scribe line area SL (mark formation area) having a predetermined width in the X and Y directions.
- a device pattern DP1 is formed in each shot area SA, and a wafer mark WM is formed in a scribe line area SL attached to each shot area SA.
- the device pattern DP1 has a plurality of line patterns 40Xa extending in the Y direction arranged in a substantially period (pitch) px1 in the X direction.
- the line and space pattern (hereinafter referred to as L & S pattern) 40X and the L & S pattern 40Y in which a plurality of line patterns extending in the X direction are arranged with a period py1 in the Y direction are included.
- the line pattern 40Xa and the like are made of, for example, metal, and the line width is about 1 ⁇ 2 or less of the period px1 or the like.
- the periods px1 and py1 are substantially equal, and the period px1 is the finest period (hereinafter referred to as a period pmin) obtained by combining immersion lithography with a wavelength of 193 nm and, for example, a so-called double patterning process. It is about a fraction of that. For example, 1/2 of the period px1 is smaller than about 22 nm.
- a linear domain is formed for each different block when the polymer including the block copolymer is subjected to directional self-assembly.
- the wafer mark WM in the scribe line region SL is an X-axis wafer mark 44X in which a concave region 44Xa and a convex region 44Xb, which are each elongated in the Y direction and have the same width in the X direction, are arranged in the X direction with a period p1; It includes two Y-axis wafer marks 44YA and 44YB in which a concave region 44Ya and a convex region 44Yb that are elongated in the X direction and have the same width in the Y direction are arranged in the X direction with a period p2.
- a metal thin film is embedded in the recessed areas 44Xa and 44Ya, and the height of the raised areas 44Xb and 44Yb is the same as the height of the portion surrounding the recessed areas 44Xa and 44Ya.
- the wafer marks 44X, 44YA and 44YB can be regarded as L & S patterns.
- Wafer marks 44YA and 44YB are arranged so as to sandwich wafer mark 44X in the Y direction.
- the periods p1 and p2 are equal, and the period p1 is several to several tens of times the resolution limit (period) in immersion lithography with a wavelength of 193 nm.
- the recessed areas 44Xa and 44Ya and the raised areas 44Xb and 44Yb may be areas having different reflectivities with respect to the detection light when detected by the wafer alignment system ALS in FIG.
- the recessed areas 44Xa and 44Ya and the non-conductive raised areas 44Xb and 44Yb have different reflectances, so that they are easily detected by the wafer alignment system ALS. it can.
- directional self-organization in which a linear domain is formed when the device pattern DP1 is formed is applied.
- domain formation is prevented as follows. .
- a device pattern DP1 is also formed along with the wafer mark 44X and the like.
- a surface portion of a substrate 50 such as silicon of the wafer W is defined as a first device layer DL1 on which a wafer mark and a device pattern are formed.
- the liquid repellent layer 52 is formed on the surface of the device layer DL1 of the wafer W from a material that easily repels liquid (for example, water) using the thin film forming apparatus 300.
- a material of the liquid repellent layer 52 for example, polystyrene (PS) is used.
- PS polystyrene
- a positive resist layer 54 is coated on the liquid repellent layer 52 using the coater / developer 200 (step 104).
- the illumination condition of the exposure apparatus 100 is set to, for example, quadrupole illumination so that the finest pattern can be exposed in the X direction and the Y direction, and the wafer W is loaded onto the exposure apparatus 100 (step 106).
- the device pattern image 45DP of the reticle R is exposed to each shot area SA of the wafer W by a liquid immersion method.
- the image 45XP of the wafer mark pattern 45 of the reticle R is exposed to the scribe line area SL attached to each shot area SA (step 108).
- the exposed wafer is unloaded, and the resist is developed by the coater / developer 200 to form a resist pattern 54P (see FIG. 4B). Thereafter, slimming of the resist pattern 54P and resist curing processing are performed (step 110).
- a plurality of guide patterns 54A and the like having a narrow line width in the X direction are formed from the device pattern image, and openings 45Xa and the like in the resist film 54A1 are formed from the wafer mark pattern image.
- the exposure amount can be adjusted to be large so that the line width of the resist pattern is narrowed during exposure of the pattern image of the reticle R. In this case, slimming can be omitted. Since the line width of the wafer mark pattern image is large, there is little change in the line width due to slimming.
- the wafer W is transferred to the etching apparatus 400, the liquid repellent layer 52 is etched using the resist pattern as a mask, and the resist is peeled off (step 112).
- the liquid repellent layer 52 in the shot area SA has a line shape extending in the Y and X directions having the same shape as the plurality of resist guide patterns 54A and the like.
- a plurality of guide patterns 52a and 52c are formed, and a plurality of the liquid repellent layers 52 in the scribe line region SL are arranged in the X direction with the remaining film portion 52b as a background corresponding to the pattern image of the wafer mark.
- X-axis mark portions 45XA made up of the opening portions 45XAa
- Y-axis mark portions 45YA1 and 45YB1 made up of the plurality of opening portions 45YA1a arranged in the Y direction.
- the wafer W is transported to the thin film forming apparatus 300, and the neutral layer 55 is formed on the surface of the wafer W by a spin coating, for example, from a material having an intermediate property between lyophilic and liquid repellency (step 114). ).
- the neutral layer 55 is deposited in the recesses between the plurality of guide patterns 52a and 52c in the liquid repellent layer 52 and the openings 45XAa and 45YA1a which are recesses in the mark portions 45XA, 45YA1 and 45YB1.
- a positive resist layer 53 is coated so as to cover the neutral layer 55 of the wafer W, and then the wafer W is loaded onto the exposure apparatus 100 (step 116). Then, the image R1P of the pattern of the auxiliary reticle R1 is exposed to each shot area SA of the wafer W (see FIG. 4C), and the resist layer 53 is developed (step 118). Since high resolution is not required for exposure in this case, another low-resolution exposure apparatus may be used. As shown in FIG. 5A, the image R1P has a large amount of light in the region including the mark portions 45XA, 45YA1, and 45YB1 of the scribe line region SL, and the amount of light is almost zero in the other regions (shot region SA).
- a resist pattern 53A serving as an opening is left in a region in the scribe line region SL including the mark portions 45XA, 45YA1, and 45YB1 (see FIG. 4D).
- the neutral layer 55 is etched using the resist pattern 53A as a mask, and the resist is peeled off (step 120). Thereby, as shown in FIG. 5B, the neutral layer 55 is removed from the openings 45XAa and 45YA1a of the mark portions 45XA, 45YA1 and 45YB1, and the neutral layer 55 between the guide patterns 52a and 52c in the shot area SA. Is left behind.
- the wafer W from which the neutral layer 55 has been removed from the mark portion of the scribe line region SL is transferred to the polymer processing apparatus 500, and the polymer layer 56 containing a block copolymer (BCP) on the wafer W, for example, by spin coating. Is formed (applied) (step 122).
- a block copolymer for example, a diblock copolymer (PS-b-PMMA) of polystyrene (PS) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is used as a block copolymer.
- PS-b-PMMA diblock copolymer
- PS polystyrene
- PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
- the polymer layer 56 is a block copolymer itself, but may contain a solvent for improving the coating property and / or an additive for facilitating self-assembly.
- the polymer layer 56 is formed only on a portion where the neutral layer 55 of the wafer W is present and in the vicinity thereof, and the polymer layer 56 is not formed on the mark portions (openings 45XAa, 45YA1a) (FIG. 4 ( E)).
- the wafer W on which the polymer layer 56 is formed is transferred to the annealing apparatus 600, and the polymer layer 56 is subjected to annealing (for example, thermal annealing), so that the polymer layer 56 is subjected to two types of directivity self-assembly (DSA). Separate into domains (step 124). Due to the directivity self-organization in this case, the polymer layer 56 becomes a liquid repellent domain 56B on the guide pattern 52a on the upper surface of the plurality of liquid repellent guide patterns 52a of the device pattern.
- the phases 56A and the liquid repellent domains 56B are phase-separated so as to be arranged periodically.
- the lyophilic domain 56A is made of PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate)
- the liquid repellent second domain 56B is made of PS (polystyrene).
- the wafer W is transferred to the etching apparatus 400 and subjected to, for example, oxygen plasma etching to selectively remove the lyophilic domain 56A among the domains 56A and 56B formed on the wafer W (step 126). Further, using the remaining domain 56B as a mask, the neutral layer 55 is etched to remove the domain 56B (step 128), and the neutral layer 55 and the mark portions (openings 45XAa, 45YA1a) that have been etched are liquid repellent. Using the layer 52 as a mask, the first device layer DL1 of the wafer W is etched (the first half of step 130). As shown in FIG.
- a plurality of fine recesses 41Xa are respectively formed in regions corresponding to the plurality of domains 56A of the device layer DL1, and a recess 45XBa is formed in the mark portion.
- B) is a recessed area 44Xa of the wafer mark 44X.
- recessed areas 44Ya (not shown) of wafer marks 44YA and 44YB are also formed.
- the wafer W is transferred to the thin film forming apparatus 300, and a metal (for example, copper) ME is embedded in the recess 41Xa and the recess region 44Xa of the device layer DL1 of the wafer W as shown in FIG. 2 (B) wafer marks 44X, 44YA, 44YB and L & S patterns 40X, 40Y are formed (the second half of step 130).
- step 132 when a second device layer is formed on the device layer DL1 of the wafer W, a thin film is formed on the device layer DL1 of the wafer W, a resist is coated, and an exposure apparatus.
- a wafer W is loaded on 100.
- the positions of wafer marks WM 44X, 44YA, 44YB
- the wafer W is aligned using this. Further, the image of the reticle pattern for the device layer is exposed to each shot area SA of the wafer W, and the second device layer pattern is formed by performing post-processing.
- the directional self-organization of the polymer layer 56 including the block copolymer is used to make each shot area SA of the wafer W smaller than the resolution limit of immersion lithography.
- the L & S patterns 40X and 40Y having fine structures are formed, and the neutral layer 55 is removed so that the polymer layer 56 does not remain in the mark formation region of the scribe line region SL. For this reason, in the mark formation region, a wafer mark can be formed with high accuracy as in the case where directivity self-organization is not used.
- a polymer layer including a block copolymer is formed on the device layer DL1 of the wafer W having the device layer DL1 (processed layer) including the shot area SA and the scribe line area SL.
- Step 114 for forming a neutral layer 55 (intermediate layer) to which 56 can adhere Steps 118 and 120 for removing the neutral layer 55 formed in the mark portion of the scribe line region SL, and marking in the scribe line region SL
- the image 45XP is exposed, and steps 108 to 112 for forming a mark portion 45XA including an opening 45XAa (concave portion) based on the mark image 45XP, and a polymer layer 56 including a block copolymer on the device layer DL1 of the wafer W are formed. Applying step 120.
- this mark forming method it is possible to form a circuit pattern with a period finer than the resolution limit of immersion lithography using self-organization of the polymer layer 56 containing a block copolymer. Further, since the neutral layer 55 is removed and the polymer layer 56 is not formed in the wafer mark formation region of the scribe line region SL of the device layer DL1, the wafer marks 44X, 44YA, and 44YB having the conventional shapes can be simultaneously formed. Therefore, alignment of the device layer DL1 and the device layer thereon can be performed with high accuracy using this wafer mark.
- the shapes of the wafer marks 44X, 44YA, 44YB are arbitrary. For example, the X-axis wafer mark 44X and the Y-axis wafer marks 44YA, 44YB may be formed on different device layers of the wafer W.
- a device pattern and a wafer mark are formed on a device layer of a wafer by using directional self-assembly (DSA) of a block copolymer (BCP).
- DSA directional self-assembly
- BCP block copolymer
- the shot arrangement of the wafer (referred to as wafer W1) in this embodiment is the same as that of wafer W in FIG. 2A, but in this embodiment, a fine line width is formed in the recessed area 44Xa of the X-axis wafer mark 44X.
- a fine structure in which a plurality of line patterns are arranged is formed.
- the Y-axis wafer marks 44YA and 44YB can be similarly formed.
- the operations of steps 116 to 120 are omitted from the mark forming method of FIG.
- an image of the pattern of the reticle R2 on which the mark pattern 46X of FIG. 6A is formed is exposed.
- the device pattern (not shown) of the reticle R2 is the same as that of the reticle R.
- an X-axis mark pattern 46X which is an original wafer mark, is formed in the pattern area corresponding to the scribe line area SL of the reticle R2.
- a partial transmission region 46Xa corresponding to the concave region 44Xa and a light shielding region 46Xb corresponding to the convex region 44Xb in FIG. 2B are arranged in the X direction with a period p1 / ⁇ ( ⁇ is a projection magnification). It is a thing.
- the width of the partial transmission region 46Xa and the width of the light shielding region 46Xb are substantially the same.
- the image of the reticle pattern by the projection optical system PL is an erect image.
- a plurality of line patterns 48X each made of a light shielding film elongated in the Y direction with the light transmission portion as the background are enlarged views of a period p3 / ⁇ in the X direction (part B in FIG. 6A). (See FIG. 6B).
- the line width of the line pattern 48X is 1 ⁇ 2 of the corresponding period p3 / ⁇ .
- the period p3 / ⁇ is substantially the same as the resolution limit on the object plane side of the projection optical system PL of the exposure apparatus 100 (resolution limit in immersion lithography with a wavelength of 193 nm). It may be slightly larger. Therefore, the image of the mark pattern 46X on the reticle R2 is exposed to the positive resist layer in the scribe line region SL on the liquid repellent layer 52 of the wafer W1 with high accuracy by the exposure apparatus 100 (step 108).
- FIG. 7A shows a resist pattern formed on the liquid repellent layer 52 of the wafer W1 after exposure, development and slimming of the image of the mark pattern 46X of the reticle R2 in FIG. 6A to the resist layer.
- An X-axis registration mark RPX is shown.
- the registration mark RPX has a period p1 in the X direction between a line group region RPXa corresponding to the partially transmissive region 46Xa of the reticle R2 in FIG. 6A and a convex region RPXb corresponding to the light shielding region 46Xb. It is arranged with.
- FIG. 7B is an enlarged view of one line group region RPXa in FIG. 7A, and FIGS. 7C and 8A are portions corresponding to FIG. 7B, respectively.
- a resist pattern 54Ac is formed in the convex region RPXb (here, the region surrounding the line group region RPXa).
- a plurality of line-like patterns (hereinafter referred to as guide patterns) 54Ad elongated in the X direction are formed with a period p3 in the X direction with the recess 70A interposed therebetween.
- the line width of the guide pattern 54Ad is, for example, about a fraction to a tenth of a period p3 (here, a resolution limit in terms of period in immersion lithography with a wavelength of 193 nm) (see FIG. 7B). ).
- step 112 the liquid repellent layer 52 of the wafer W1 is etched using the resist mark RPX as a mask, so that the portion corresponding to the line group region RPXa of the liquid repellent layer 52 is shown in FIG.
- a plurality of line-like patterns (hereinafter referred to as guide patterns) 52d elongated in the X direction are arranged in the X direction with the recess 70A interposed therebetween. It is formed with a period p3.
- the neutral layer 55 is formed in the recess 70A between the guide patterns 52d of the liquid repellent layer 52.
- the operation moves to step 122 after step 114, and a polymer layer 56 containing a block copolymer on the region where the neutral layer 55 of the wafer W1 is formed (see FIG. 8B). Is formed. Then, by annealing the polymer layer 56 (step 124), as shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B, the polymer layer 56 is separated into two types of domains by directional self-assembly (DSA). In this case, above the plurality of liquid-repellent guide patterns 52d for the wafer mark, the polymer layer 56 becomes a liquid-repellent domain 56B on the guide pattern 52d, and is lyophilic between the plurality of guide patterns 52d.
- DSA directional self-assembly
- the phases are separated so that the domains 56A and the liquid repellent domains 56B are periodically arranged in the X direction.
- the lyophilic domain 56A is made of PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate)
- the liquid repellent domain 56B is made of PS (polystyrene).
- oxygen plasma etching is performed to selectively remove the lyophilic domain 56A among the domains 56A and 56B formed on the wafer W (step 126).
- the neutral layer 55 is etched using the remaining domain 56B as a mask (step 128), and the device layer (referred to as the first device layer DL1) of the wafer W1 using the etched neutral layer 55 as a mask.
- Etching is performed (the first half of step 130).
- a plurality of fine recesses DL1Xa are formed in regions corresponding to the plurality of domains 56A of the scribe line region SL of the device layer DL1, and a metal (for example, copper) is embedded in the recess DL1Xa.
- a concave region 44Xa including a plurality of line patterns 58X in FIG. 8D and a flat convex region 44Xb are formed.
- the period p3a of the line pattern 58X is, for example, about a fraction to a few tenths of the period p3 in FIG.
- a plurality of metal line patterns 58X are arranged in the X direction with a period p3a (see FIG. 8D).
- the X-axis wafer mark 44X is formed by arranging the recessed region 44Xa and the protruding region 44Xb arranged in the X direction at a period p1.
- Re (det) is a resolution limit (a limit that can be optically detected using detection light from the visible range to the near infrared range) converted to the period of the wafer alignment system ALS provided in the exposure apparatus 100.
- the convex region 44XCb is similar to the present embodiment, Assume that a polymer layer containing a block copolymer is self-organized by a guide pattern. In this case, a plurality of line patterns 58X are arranged in the convex region 44XCb at a fine cycle as in the present embodiment.
- the image of the mark pattern 46X is exposed on the device layer DL1 of the wafer W1, and the resist including the convex region RPXb (convex line portion) based on the image of the mark pattern 46X.
- a step 122 of applying a polymer layer 56 containing a block copolymer to a portion other than the convex region RPXb (or the remaining film portion 52b) of the region where the mark of the layer 52 is formed; and a self-organized region ( Step 124 for forming the domains 56A and 56B) and a step 1 for selectively removing a part of the self-organized region (domain 56A) 6 includes a step 128, 130 for processing the device layer DL1 of the wafer W1 by using a self-organizing area after its removal, the.
- a wafer mark when forming a circuit pattern using self-organization of a block copolymer, a wafer mark can be formed at the same time, and the self-organization of the block copolymer is performed in a region other than the convex region of the wafer mark. Since it is performed in a part, the formed wafer mark can be detected optically with high accuracy.
- the following modifications are possible.
- guide patterns 54Ad are periodically formed in the same direction (X direction) as the periodic direction of the marks in the line group region RPXa of the resist pattern in FIG.
- the line group region RPXa is periodically in the X direction in a direction orthogonal to the periodic direction.
- a guide pattern extending in a straight line may be formed. Further, the guide pattern can be omitted.
- a line group region RPXa (enclosed by the frame member 54B1 of the X-axis registration mark RPXA ( Guides arranged in the Y direction in the line group region RPYa (concave region) surrounded by the period p3 of the guide pattern 54B arranged in the X direction in the X direction and the frame member 54C1 of the Y-axis registration marks RPXA and RPYB.
- the period p4 of the pattern 54C may be different from each other.
- the convex regions RPXb and RPYb between the line group regions RPXa and RPYa are flat resist portions.
- This first modification is for forming the Y-axis guide pattern 54C with high accuracy when the fineness in the X direction of the device pattern formed in the corresponding device layer is finer than in the Y direction. May be used.
- the subsequent operation of self-assembly of the block copolymer is the same as in the above embodiment.
- the line group regions RPXa and RPYa (concave regions) As shown in FIG. 11C, a rectangular grid-like guide pattern 54E may be formed.
- the self-organization of the block copolymer in the recess 70E in the guide pattern 54E causes, for example, a minute cylindrical lyophilic domain 62A surrounded by the liquid repellent domain 62B to have a period smaller than the period p3. It is formed by p5a or the like.
- a wafer mark in which a large number of minute hole patterns are formed in the concave region. can be formed.
- This wafer mark can also be detected by the wafer alignment system ALS.
- the finest device pattern in the first device layer DL1 of the wafer W3 is the L-and-S pattern 40X on the X axis in FIG.
- the finest device pattern of the second device layer DL2 that is different from the first device layer DL1 is the Y-axis L & S pattern 40Y of FIG.
- dipolar illumination separated in the X direction is used, and when the pattern of the second device layer DL2 is exposed, the resolution in the Y direction is increased.
- dipole illumination separated in the Y direction shall be used.
- a guide pattern 54B elongated in the Y direction is periodically formed in the X direction as shown in FIG.
- a resist mark RPX is formed by arranging a plurality of line group regions RPXa (concave regions) arranged in the X direction across the convex region RPXb.
- An image of the reticle pattern that is the basis of the guide pattern 54B is exposed with high accuracy by dipolar illumination in the X direction.
- a plurality of line patterns arranged in the X direction are formed in the portion corresponding to the line group region RPXa by using the directional self-assembly of the polymer layer including the block copolymer as in the above embodiment.
- a wafer mark 44X is formed.
- a plurality of line patterns arranged in the Y direction are formed in the portion corresponding to the line group region RPYa using the directional self-assembly of the polymer layer containing the block copolymer as in the above embodiment.
- wafer marks 44YA and 44YB are formed.
- the wafer alignment system ALS detects the X-axis wafer mark of the device layer DL1 and the Y-axis wafer mark of the device layer DL2, thereby aligning the wafer W3 in the X and Y directions. It can be carried out.
- the semiconductor device performs a function / performance design step of the semiconductor device as shown in FIG. 221; manufacturing a mask (reticle) based on this design step 222; manufacturing a semiconductor device substrate (or wafer substrate) 223; substrate processing step 224; device assembly step (dicing process, bonding process) , Including a processing process such as a packaging process) 225, an inspection step 226, and the like.
- the substrate processing step 224 includes the pattern forming method of the above-described embodiment, and the pattern forming method includes a step of exposing the reticle pattern to the substrate with an exposure apparatus, a step of developing the exposed substrate, and a developing process. It includes a process of heating (curing) and etching the substrate.
- the device manufacturing method includes a substrate processing step 224, and the substrate processing step 224 uses the pattern forming method of any of the above embodiments to form a device pattern and a wafer mark on the substrate. Forming. According to this device manufacturing method, a semiconductor device including a circuit pattern finer than the resolution limit of the exposure apparatus can be manufactured with high overlay accuracy and high accuracy using the exposure apparatus.
- the device to be manufactured in the above embodiment can be any semiconductor device such as DRAM, CPU, DSP other than SRAM.
- the pattern forming method of the above-described embodiment can also be applied when manufacturing an imaging device other than a semiconductor device, or an electronic device (microdevice) such as MEMS (Microelectromechanical Systems).
- a dry type exposure apparatus that is not an immersion type may be used.
- an EUV exposure apparatus that uses EUV light (Extreme Ultraviolet Light) having a wavelength of several nanometers to several tens of nanometers as exposure light, or an electron beam exposure that uses an electron beam as exposure light.
- An apparatus or the like may be used.
- a diblock copolymer made of (PS-b-PMMA) is used as the block copolymer.
- Other usable block copolymers include, for example, poly (styrene-b-vinylpyridine), poly (styrene-b-butadiene), poly (styrene-b-isoprene), poly (styrene-b- Methyl methacrylate), poly (styrene-b-alkenyl aromatic), poly (isoprene-b-ethylene oxide), poly (styrene-b- (ethylene-propylene)), poly (ethylene oxide-b-caprolactone), poly (butadiene- b-ethylene oxide), poly (styrene-bt-butyl (meth) acrylate), poly (methyl methacrylate-bt-butyl methacrylate), poly (ethylene oxide-b-propylene oxide), poly (styrene-b-tetrahydrofuran)
- the block copolymer has an overall molecular weight and polydispersity that can be further processed.
- the polymer layer containing the block copolymer can be applied by a solvent casting method in which, for example, a solvent is volatilized after applying a liquid obtained by dissolving the polymer layer in a solvent.
- the solvent that can be used in this case varies depending on the components of the block copolymer and, if used temporarily, the solubility conditions of various additives.
- Exemplary casting solvents for these components and additives include propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA), ethoxyethyl propionate, anisole, ethyl lactate, 2-heptanone, cyclohexanone, amyl acetate, ⁇ -butyrolactone (GBL) , Toluene and the like.
- PGMEA propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate
- anisole ethoxyethyl propionate
- anisole ethyl lactate
- 2-heptanone 2-heptanone
- cyclohexanone amyl acetate
- GBL ⁇ -butyrolactone
- Additives that can be added to the polymer layer containing the block copolymer include additional polymers (homopolymers, star polymers and copolymers, hyperbranched polymers, block copolymers, graft copolymers, hyperbranched copolymers). Polymers, random copolymers, cross-linked polymers, and inorganic containing polymers), small molecules, nanoparticles, metal compounds, inorganic containing molecules, surfactants, photoacid generators, thermal acid generators, base quenchers, It can be selected from the group consisting of a curing agent, a crosslinking agent, a chain extender, and a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.
- the one or more additives associate with the block copolymer to form part of one or more self-assembling domains.
Abstract
Description
本発明の好ましい第1の実施形態につき図1~図5を参照して説明する。まず、本実施形態において半導体素子等の電子デバイス(マイクロデバイス)の回路パターンを形成するために使用されるパターン形成システムの一例につき説明する。
図1(A)は、本実施形態のパターン形成システムの要部を示し、図1(B)は、図1(A)中のスキャニングステッパー(スキャナー)よりなる走査型の露光装置(投影露光装置)100の概略構成を示す。図1(A)において、パターン形成システムは、露光装置100、ウエハ(基板)に対する感光材料としてのフォトレジスト(レジスト)の塗布及び現像を行うコータ・デベロッパ200、薄膜形成装置300、ウエハに対するドライ及びウエットのエッチングを行うエッチング装置400、後述のブロック共重合体(Block Co-Polymer:BCP)を含むポリマ(Polymer)(重合体)の処理を行うポリマ処理装置500、アニール装置600、これらの装置間でウエハの搬送を行う搬送系700、及びホストコンピュータ(不図示)等を含んでいる。
なお、ウエハマーク44X,44YA,44YBの形状は任意であり、例えばX軸のウエハマーク44XとY軸のウエハマーク44YA,44YBとをウエハWの異なるデバイス層に形成してもよい。
第2の実施形態につき図6~図10を参照して説明する。本実施形態においても図1(A)のパターン形成システムを使用して、ブロック共重合体(BCP)の指向性自己組織化(DSA)を用いてウエハのデバイス層にデバイス用パターン及びウエハマークを形成する。本実施形態のウエハ(ウエハW1とする)のショット配列は図2(A)のウエハWと同様であるが、本実施形態では、X軸のウエハマーク44Xの凹部領域44Xaに微細な線幅の複数のラインパターンを配列した微細な構造が形成される。以下ではウエハマーク44Xに関して説明するが、Y軸のウエハマーク44YA,44YBも同様に形成できる。また、本実施形態のマーク形成方法は、図3のマーク形成方法からステップ116~120の動作(ウエハマークが形成される領域から中性層55を除去する動作)を省略したものである。さらに、本実施形態では、ステップ108でレチクルRのパターンを露光する代わりに、図6(A)のマークパターン46Xが形成されたレチクルR2のパターンの像を露光する。レチクルR2のデバイス用パターン(不図示)はレチクルRと同じである。
本実施形態において、露光装置100が備えているウエハアライメント系ALSの周期に換算した解像限界(可視域から近赤外の検出光を用いて光学的に検出できる限界)をRe(det)、193nmの液浸リソグラフィでの解像限界の周期換算値をRe(exp)とすると、ウエハマーク44Xの凹部領域44Xa及び凸部領域44Xbの周期p1と、解像限界Re(det)と、解像限界Re(exp)と、凹部領域44Xaを構成するラインパターン58Xの周期p3aとの間には以下の関係がある。
従って、ラインパターン58Xの周期p3aはウエハアライメント系ALSの解像限界Re(det)よりも小さいために、ウエハアライメント系ALSで図9のウエハマーク44Xの像を撮像すると、複数のラインパターン58Xの個別の像は形成されない。しかしながら、領域44Xa,44Xb間では平均的な反射率が異なるため、周期p1のX軸のウエハマーク44Xの像を検出できる。このため、ウエハマーク44Xに光学的に検出できない構造が含まれていても、ウエハアライメント系ALSでウエハマーク44Xの位置を高精度に検出できる。
なお、本実施形態では、以下のような変形が可能である。
このデバイスの製造方法によれば、露光装置の解像限界よりも微細な回路パターンを含む半導体デバイスを、露光装置を用いて高い重ね合わせ精度で高精度に製造できる。
また、上記の実施形態において、露光装置としては、液浸型でないドライ型の露光装置を使用してもよい。また、紫外光を露光光とする露光装置以外に、露光光として波長が数nm~数10nm程度のEUV光(Extreme Ultraviolet Light)を用いるEUV露光装置、又は電子ビームを露光光とする電子ビーム露光装置等を用いてもよい。
また、ブロック共重合体を含むポリマ層の塗布は、このポリマ層を溶媒に溶かした液体を塗布した後で例えば溶媒を揮発させる溶媒キャスティング法で行うことも可能である。この場合に使用できる溶媒は、ブロック共重合体の成分、及び仮に使用する場合には種々の添加物の溶解度条件により変化する。これらの成分及び添加物に対する例示的なキャスティング溶媒には、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート(PGMEA)、エトキシエチルプロピオナート、アニソール、乳酸エチル、2-ヘプタノン、シクロヘキサノン、酢酸アミル、γ-ブチロラクトン(GBL)、トルエンなどが含まれる。
Claims (8)
- 基板上にブロック共重合体を含むポリマ層が付着可能な中間層を形成することと、
前記形成された中間層の一部を除去することと、
前記中間層が除去された領域に位置決め用のマークを形成することと、
前記中間層上に前記ブロック共重合体を含むポリマ層を塗布してデバイスパターンを形成することと、
を含み、
前記中間層を介さずに前記位置決め用のマークが前記基板上に形成されるとともに、前記中間層を介して前記ポリマ層が前記基板上に形成されることを特徴とするマーク形成方法。 - 前記ポリマ層に自己組織化領域を形成させることと、
前記自己組織化領域の一部を選択的に除去することと、
前記自己組織化領域の選択的に除去された部分を介して前記基板の被加工層のデバイスパターン形成領域を加工することと、
を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のマーク形成方法。 - 前記中間層のうち、デバイスパターン形成領域にある部分の一部を除去することを含むことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載のマーク形成方法。
- 基板のマーク形成層上に第1マーク像を露光し、前記第1マーク像に基づいて凸のライン部を含む第2マークを形成することと、
前記基板の前記第2マークが形成された領域の前記凸のライン部以外の部分にブロック共重合体を含むポリマ層を塗布することと、
前記ポリマ層に自己組織化領域を形成させることと、
前記自己組織化領域の一部を選択的に除去することと、
前記除去後の前記自己組織化領域を用いて前記基板の前記マーク形成層を加工することと、
を含むことを特徴とするマーク形成方法。 - 前記第2マークは、前記凸のライン部以外の部分に第1方向に周期的に形成された凸のライン状の複数のガイドパターンを含み、
前記ポリマ層を塗布するときに、前記複数のガイドパターン間の複数の凹部に前記ポリマ層を塗布し、
前記ポリマ層に自己組織化領域を形成させるときに、前記複数の凹部の前記ポリマ層に前記第1方向に周期性を持つ自己組織化領域を形成することを特徴とする請求項4に記載のマーク形成方法。 - 前記第2マークは、第1方向に周期的に配列された複数の凸の第1ライン部と、前記第1方向に直交する第2方向に周期的に配列された複数の凸の第2ライン部と、前記複数の凸の第1ライン部間に前記第1方向に周期的に形成された凸のライン状の複数の第1ガイドパターンと、前記複数の凸の第2ライン部間に前記第2方向に周期的に形成された凸のライン状の複数の第2ガイドパターンとを含むことを特徴とする請求項5に記載のマーク形成方法。
- 前記複数の第1ガイドパターンの周期と前記複数の第2ガイドパターンの周期とが異なることを特徴とする請求項6に記載のマーク形成方法。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載のマーク形成方法を用いて基板に層間の位置合わせ用のマークを形成することと、
前記位置合わせ用のマークを用いて位置合わせを行って、前記基板を露光することと、
前記露光された基板を処理することと、を含むデバイス製造方法。
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