WO2014010166A1 - 半導体ウェーハの評価方法及び製造方法 - Google Patents
半導体ウェーハの評価方法及び製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014010166A1 WO2014010166A1 PCT/JP2013/003638 JP2013003638W WO2014010166A1 WO 2014010166 A1 WO2014010166 A1 WO 2014010166A1 JP 2013003638 W JP2013003638 W JP 2013003638W WO 2014010166 A1 WO2014010166 A1 WO 2014010166A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- semiconductor wafer
- range
- wafer
- warp data
- fitting
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P74/00—Testing or measuring during manufacture or treatment of wafers, substrates or devices
- H10P74/20—Testing or measuring during manufacture or treatment of wafers, substrates or devices characterised by the properties tested or measured, e.g. structural or electrical properties
- H10P74/203—Structural properties, e.g. testing or measuring thicknesses, line widths, warpage, bond strengths or physical defects
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P74/00—Testing or measuring during manufacture or treatment of wafers, substrates or devices
- H10P74/23—Testing or measuring during manufacture or treatment of wafers, substrates or devices characterised by multiple measurements, corrections, marking or sorting processes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P90/00—Preparation of wafers not covered by a single main group of this subclass, e.g. wafer reinforcement
- H10P90/12—Preparing bulk and homogeneous wafers
- H10P90/129—Preparing bulk and homogeneous wafers by polishing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P74/00—Testing or measuring during manufacture or treatment of wafers, substrates or devices
- H10P74/20—Testing or measuring during manufacture or treatment of wafers, substrates or devices characterised by the properties tested or measured, e.g. structural or electrical properties
- H10P74/207—Electrical properties, e.g. testing or measuring of resistance, deep levels or capacitance-voltage characteristics
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a semiconductor wafer evaluation method and a manufacturing method using the same.
- a method for manufacturing a semiconductor wafer such as a silicon single crystal wafer includes a slicing process in which a single crystal ingot obtained by the Czochralski method (CZ method) is sliced and processed into a thin disk-shaped wafer, and the wafer Chamfering process for chamfering the outer periphery to prevent cracking and chipping, lapping process for flattening the wafer, etching process for removing processing distortion remaining on the wafer surface in these processes, and mirroring the wafer surface A mirror surface polishing step, and a cleaning step of removing contaminants such as abrasives and foreign matters adhering in the polishing process.
- processes such as heat treatment and grinding may be added, the order of processes may be changed, and the same process may be performed multiple times.
- the insulating film is formed by CMP (Chemical Mechanical Polishing) or the like. A method of flattening is used in a semiconductor device manufacturing process.
- waviness a minute uneven shape (hereinafter also referred to as waviness) on the surface of a semiconductor wafer did not particularly affect the device manufacturing process.
- STI since the convex portion is selectively polished by CMP, there is a problem that the thickness of the insulating film becomes non-uniform due to the waviness.
- Waviness is expressed using a parameter called nanotopography. Nanotopography is an index representing the flatness of the wafer surface, and represents waviness of the non-adsorbed wafer surface in a spatial wavelength region of 0.1 mm to several tens of mm.
- Nanotopography is generally measured by devices such as ADE Nanomapper, KLA Tencor NanoPro, Raytex Dynasearch, etc., but these devices are optical and reflect the surface reflection of the object to be measured.
- the target wafer In order to perform the measurement using the target wafer, the target wafer needs to be in a mirror state where the reflectance of the surface is high to some extent.
- the values obtained by measuring nanotopography with these measuring devices for wafers having a surface with low reflectivity that has just undergone an intermediate process, such as slice wafers and ground wafers, are not accurate and reliable.
- Patent Document 1 As a method for reducing such waviness, it has been proposed to perform a double-head grinding step, a double-side lapping step, and a double-side polishing step after slicing (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- Patent Document 1 the strained layer and macro waviness components formed on the surface at the time of wafer cutting are removed in the double-head grinding process, the flatness of the wafer is improved, and then double-sided lapping is performed. It is disclosed that the undulation of the minute surface generated in the above can be removed.
- the size of the swell generated during slicing may vary greatly depending on the performance of the cutting device used, the specifications of the wire, the cutting conditions, and the wire breakage during cutting.
- the size of the undulation that occurs in the lapping process may vary depending on the surface plate and the carrier.
- the size of the waviness that occurs in the double-head grinding process may vary depending on the relative positional relationship between the grindstone and the wafer and the sharpness of the grindstone.
- Residual waviness generated on the wafer surface due to these factors is difficult to remove in the final mirror polishing process, so the waviness that appears at the intermediate stage of the wafer manufacturing method such as the slicing process and lapping process. It is necessary to monitor and manage the size.
- the conventional measurement method using optical surface reflection has a problem that undulation cannot be detected with high accuracy as described above.
- Warp data obtained using a capacitance type shape measuring apparatus is at least a short wavelength side period of 1 mm or less and a long wavelength. It has been proposed to perform a band-pass filtering by cutting off a wavelength band having a side period of 50 mm or more (see, for example, Patent Document 2).
- the wafer after slicing, lapping, and grinding has a problem that the warp data does not show the original shape due to processing distortion, and the above-described swell cannot be detected with high accuracy. Therefore, it is necessary to remove the processing strain by etching and detect the waviness with the measurement method after the Warp data shows the original shape. However, in this case, management of processes such as lapping and grinding is efficiently performed. I can't.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and provides a method capable of accurately evaluating the nanotopography of a semiconductor wafer after a mirror polishing process in an intermediate process of manufacturing a semiconductor wafer. Objective.
- the present invention is a method for evaluating nanotopography of a surface of a semiconductor wafer manufactured by a manufacturing method including a slicing step, a lapping step and / or a grinding step, an etching step, and a mirror polishing step.
- the extraction range by fitting the Warp data with a fitting function in a predetermined fitting range, the influence of the Warp data change due to processing distortion at the outer periphery of the semiconductor wafer is excluded, and the extraction range
- a semiconductor wafer evaluation method characterized in that a range (maximum value-minimum value) of the fitted Warp data is obtained, and nanotopography of the semiconductor wafer surface after the mirror polishing step is evaluated by the obtained range.
- the processing state due to the grinding process or the like remains before the mirror polishing process, and the surface state of the semiconductor wafer whose surface is not a mirror surface correlates with the nanotopography of the semiconductor wafer after the mirror polishing process.
- Highly accurate and accurate evaluation can be performed efficiently.
- the extraction range is set within a range from the edge of the semiconductor wafer to a position of 1/10 of the diameter in the radial direction
- the fitting range is set to a diameter of 10 from the edge of the semiconductor wafer in the radial direction. It is preferable to set within a range of a width of 1/30 of the diameter in the radial direction from the position of 1/50 toward the edge.
- the fitting function is preferably a linear function.
- the semiconductor wafer is a non-defective product.
- the present invention is a semiconductor wafer manufacturing method including a slicing step, a lapping step and / or a grinding step, an etching step, a mirror polishing step,
- a semiconductor wafer that has been subjected to at least one of the slicing step, the lapping step, the grinding step, and the etching step is evaluated by the semiconductor wafer evaluation method of the present invention, and based on the evaluation result, the slicing step, the lapping step,
- Provided is a method for manufacturing a semiconductor wafer, wherein the semiconductor wafer is manufactured while managing at least one of a grinding process and an etching process.
- the nanotopography of a semiconductor wafer can be efficiently and accurately evaluated before the mirror polishing process.
- Example 1 It is a figure which shows the Warp data of the semiconductor wafer after the lapping which performed the fitting by this invention, and the nanotopography of a mirror surface wafer.
- Example 1 2 it is a graph which shows the correlation with the nanotopography of a mirror surface wafer about the Warp data of the semiconductor wafer which performed fitting by this invention.
- the present inventor wanted to detect the waviness detected at the outer periphery of the semiconductor wafer after the mirror polishing process, which is the final process of the semiconductor wafer manufacturing method, at the time after the intermediate process. Then, the surface of a semiconductor wafer after the intermediate process, for example, a semiconductor wafer having a processing strain after the lapping process, is measured using a capacitance type shape measuring apparatus, and evaluation is performed using the obtained Warp data. I thought of that. Furthermore, the present inventors examined as follows.
- FIG. 1 and 2 show the principle of a measurement method using a capacitance type shape measuring apparatus that can be used in the present invention.
- the capacitance type shape measurement is performed on the basis of the thickness of an object to be measured (semiconductor wafer).
- the probe 1 and the DUT 2 as shown in FIG. 1 form a capacitance, and the capacitance changes due to a change in the distance D between the probe 1 and the DUT 2.
- the analysis is performed using the surface displacement a or b instead of using the thickness t of the object to be measured. This is because a parameter called nanotopography is measured with reference to the surface of the semiconductor wafer. Data obtained by measuring the surface displacement a or b as described above is called Warp data.
- the Warp data when using a conventional technique that cuts off a wavelength band of at least a short wavelength side period of 1 mm or less and a long wavelength side period of 50 mm or more and uses bandpass filtering, for example, a semiconductor having a processing distortion after a lapping process
- the measurement conditions are 4 lines (0 deg, 45 deg, 90 deg, 135 deg) as shown in FIG. 3, the wafer has a cross-sectional shape as shown in FIG.
- the etched semiconductor wafer has almost no processing distortion and is close to the original Warp data, when the etched semiconductor wafer is measured in the same manner, the cross-sectional shape as shown in FIG. 5 is obtained.
- FIG. 7 shows Warp data of a wafer having a processing strain after the lapping process
- FIG. 8 shows Warp data of the wafer after performing the etching process after the lapping process.
- ⁇ Warp the amount of change with respect to the Warp data of the wafer after the lapping process and the Warp data after the slicing process.
- the inventors performed a fitting to the Warp data of the semiconductor wafer before mirror polishing as follows, and evaluated highly correlated with the nanotopography of the wafer subjected to mirror polishing. We have found that this can be done and have completed the present invention.
- a semiconductor wafer such as a silicon single crystal wafer manufactured by a manufacturing method including a slicing step, a lapping step and / or a grinding step, an etching step, and a mirror polishing step
- Evaluate the topography either a lapping process or a grinding process may be performed, or both may be performed.
- the warp data of the surface displacement of the semiconductor wafer is measured using a capacitance type shape measuring device, and a predetermined width of the outer peripheral portion of the semiconductor wafer is set as an extraction range.
- fitting of the Warp data with a fitting function in a predetermined fitting range was performed to eliminate the influence of the Warp data change due to processing distortion at the outer periphery of the semiconductor wafer, and fitting was performed in the extraction range.
- the range (maximum value ⁇ minimum value) of the Warp data is obtained, and the nanotopography of the semiconductor wafer surface after the mirror polishing process is evaluated based on the obtained range.
- the Warp data is measured and evaluated by the capacitance type shape measuring apparatus as shown in FIGS.
- the processing distortion due to the grinding process or the like remains before the mirror polishing process, and the Warp data changes apparently due to the processing distortion.
- the Warp data is subjected to fitting by specifying three parameters of the wafer outer periphery extraction range, the fitting range, and the fitting function, thereby eliminating the influence of the Warp data change due to processing distortion, and the Range. Calculate (maximum value-minimum value).
- the nanotopography after polishing can be accurately evaluated by the obtained range.
- the present invention in the intermediate process before the mirror polishing process, it is possible to perform a highly correlated evaluation with the nanotopography of the semiconductor wafer surface after the mirror polishing process. Manage efficiently and accurately.
- Warp data of a wafer having a processing strain after the lapping process is obtained as shown in FIG.
- the measurement conditions were 4 lines (0 deg, 45 deg, 90 deg, 135 deg), FQA (Flatness Quality Area): 294 mm, and a measurement interval of 1 mm pitch.
- the obtained Warp data is as shown in FIG.
- the Warp data measured under the measurement conditions shown in FIG. 3 has a significant effect on the nanotopography of the wafer surface after mirror polishing after the etching process and the mirror polishing process.
- the position of the ring-shaped unevenness of the outer periphery to be applied is a lapping product (wafer subjected to etching and mirror polishing after lapping) or a double-sided grinding product (wafer subjected to etching and mirror polishing after grinding). There is no significant difference.
- the position of the ring-shaped unevenness is a position of 1/15 of the diameter from the edge of the wafer toward the center (in the radial direction).
- a straight reference surface is necessary.
- Warp data with a constant width is required from the position in the radial direction 130 mm toward the center. For example, when the Warp data is extracted to a position in the radial direction 100 to 110 mm, as apparent from FIG.
- the curve-like change component is included. Therefore, a position 120 mm in the radial direction from the center (0), which is a position of 1/10 of the diameter from the edge toward the center (in the radial direction), was considered as an appropriate start position of the reference plane.
- the extraction range of the outer periphery of the Warp data is the range from the edge to the position of 1/10 of the diameter in the center direction, and the fitting range of the Warp data in this extraction range is the obtained edge It is preferable to be within a range from a position of 1/10 of the diameter in the radial direction (toward the center) to a position of 1/3 of the diameter in the radial direction toward the edge. Therefore, Warp data can be measured and the extraction range and fitting range can be set as described above. However, as described above, since the ring-shaped irregularities on the outer peripheral portion are formed at substantially the same position, the extraction range is set within the range from the edge of the semiconductor wafer to the position of 1/10 of the diameter in the radial direction.
- the accuracy of the evaluation can be determined by setting the fitting range within the range of the width of 1/30 of the diameter in the radial direction from the position of 1/10 of the diameter in the radial direction from the edge of the semiconductor wafer. Is preferable because it is good and simple.
- the extraction range is within the range from the position of 120 mm to the edge (position of 150 mm) in the radial direction (toward the edge) with the center as the reference (0)
- the fitting range is It is within the range from the position of 120 mm to the position of 130 mm (width 10 mm) in the radial direction (toward the edge).
- FIG. 14 shows the Warp data extracted from the outer periphery of the semiconductor wafer in the extraction range set as described above at each measurement angle as shown in FIG.
- y is a function
- x is a variable representing an arbitrary radial position
- a and b are constants.
- an approximate expression of a linear function is obtained within the fitting range of Warp data at each measurement angle.
- the least square method, the Excel solver and Visual Basic programming are used to determine the fitting range of each measurement angle.
- f (x) is an actual measurement value of Warp data at an arbitrary radial position.
- fitting of [f (x) ⁇ (ax + b)] is performed on the Warp data at each measurement angle by using the constants a and b of each measurement angle thus obtained.
- FIG. 16 shows the result of fitting [f (x) ⁇ (ax + b)] on the data in the extraction range shown in FIG.
- the Warp data (FIG. 16) fitting at each measurement angle is averaged, it is as shown in FIG. From FIG. 17, the Range (maximum value-minimum value) in the range of 120 to 150 mm, which is the range from the edge to the center (in the radial direction) to the position of 1/10 of the diameter, is obtained.
- the Range at each measurement angle of the fitted data in FIG. 16 may be obtained without averaging, or the Range at one measurement angle may be obtained.
- Nanomapper manufactured by ADE, which is generally used for measurement of nanotopography of a mirror surface wafer, will be briefly described.
- Nanomapper uses a Michelson interferometer, and the configuration of the Michelson interferometer is shown in FIG.
- the light emitted from the light source 13 becomes parallel light by the collimator lens 14 and is divided into two optical paths (amplitude division) by the half mirror 15.
- Each of the two light beams is reflected by the reference mirror 11 and the object to be measured 12 (here, indicates a semiconductor wafer), reverts back to the original optical path, is superimposed by the half mirror 15, and interferes by the CCD camera 16.
- a fringe image (FIG. 19) is captured.
- One reference mirror 11 is a flat surface (reference surface) polished with high accuracy, and the shape of the test surface of the other (measurement object 12) is measured.
- the in-plane data of the semiconductor wafer captured by the interferometer is subjected to processing such as noise removal, and thereafter, the window size 21 determined by the setting is moved within the surface of the wafer 22 as shown in FIG.
- the PV value 24 maximum value ⁇ minimum value
- the window size is generally 0.5mm to 10mm, and depends on the customer's (device manufacturer) wafer standard. However, in the management of nanotopography in the intermediate process according to the prior art, the mirror polishing process Considering the correction due to mirror finishing, the window size 21 is often empirically 10 mm.
- the correlation between the Warp data obtained by the present invention and nanotopography by Nanomapper was confirmed.
- the wafer after the lapping process was measured using a capacitance type shape measuring apparatus to obtain Warp data.
- the optimum outer periphery extraction range, fitting range, and fitting function were set, and fitting operation was performed to obtain Warp data of the outer periphery.
- the image and cross-sectional shape which were obtained by measuring with Nanomapper about the mirror wafer obtained by processing the sample wafer after the lapping process in the subsequent etching process and the double-sided mirror polishing process The correspondence results are shown in FIG.
- the cross-sectional shape data obtained by measuring with the Nanomapper has a large ring-shaped uneven displacement at the outer peripheral portion, and there is a good correlation. You can see that it is obtained.
- the Warp data obtained by measuring a wafer having a processing strain after an intermediate process such as a lapping process by the evaluation method of the present invention is obtained by using an optical measuring device for the wafer after mirror polishing. Correlation with nanotopography data measured using. Therefore, in the semiconductor wafer manufacturing method, by performing the evaluation method of the present invention after intermediate processes such as a slicing process, lapping process, grinding process, and etching process, the nanotopology of the wafer surface after the final mirror polishing process is performed. Can evaluate graphy with high accuracy.
- a method for managing the manufacturing process of the semiconductor wafer by the evaluation method of the present invention will be described.
- a semiconductor wafer is extracted according to a set standard, this wafer is measured using the evaluation method of the present invention, and when the range of the measurement result obtained by fitting exceeds the set pass / fail standard value, it is manufactured. It is preferable to feed forward and feed back to the process.
- the wafer In the case of the wafer after the slicing process, the wafer is extracted from three locations of the head K, the center C, and the tail P at the cutting position of the ingot.
- 1 to 4 wafers are extracted from 25 to 50 wafers.
- a range (maximum value-minimum value) is obtained from the wafer extracted in this manner by the evaluation method of the present invention, and the nanotopography of the wafer surface after the final mirror polishing process is evaluated.
- Range ⁇ 0.7 ⁇ m As a result of the sampling evaluation, when the total number of evaluated wafers exceeds the acceptance / rejection reference value, the lot is determined to be defective (lot out) and fed back to the management process. Even when a defective product is generated, if it is determined that at least one sheet is a non-defective product, feedback to the process to be managed and feedforward to the final inspection process are performed.
- the lapping process is adjusted until it reaches the reference value by correcting the surface plate, changing the carrier, and cleaning the groove. If it cannot be adjusted within the range, replace the surface plate.
- the double-head grinding process is adjusted until it reaches a reference value by shifting (adjusting the position of the grindstone on the grindstone axis relative to the wafer) and tilting (adjusting the inclination of the grindstone surface relative to the wafer surface). In addition, the left / right flow rate of the static pressure pad holding the wafer may be adjusted. If it still cannot be adjusted within the range, replace the carrier and grindstone.
- Nanotopography is set as a required item of a product, all wafers are inspected and selected in a final inspection process using Nanomapper after the mirror polishing process of the final process.
- nanotopography is not set in the product requirement items, only 25 sheets per lot are evaluated according to the present invention, and feed-forward to the final inspection process is performed.
- the slicing process, lapping process, grinding process and etching process which are intermediate processes of the semiconductor wafer manufacturing method, can be managed, and early response such as reviewing and improving manufacturing conditions can be performed. It becomes possible. Furthermore, the quality of the wafer can be managed in an intermediate process before the mirror polishing process, so that product loss can be reduced, and yield and productivity can be improved.
- Example 1 When processing Warp data obtained by using a capacitance type shape measuring device on a wafer surface having a processing strain, the present invention uses an optimum combination of an outer peripheral portion extraction range, a fitting range, and a fitting function. The evaluation method was performed.
- Warp data was obtained by measuring a wafer that has not been subjected to mirror polishing after the lapping process using a capacitance type shape measuring device.
- the extraction range of the outer periphery is the range from the edge to the center of the diameter in the radial direction to 1/10 of the diameter (range from 120 to 150 mm in the radial direction from the center).
- the fitting range of the Warp data in the range is a range from the position of 1/10 of the diameter in the radial direction from the edge to the center to the position of 1/3 of the diameter in the radial direction from the edge (from the center).
- the fitting was performed using the fitting function as a linear function in the radial direction (range of 120 to 130 mm), and the range (maximum value ⁇ minimum value) of the outer peripheral portion was obtained.
- Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, however, the Warp data measurement and fitting were performed according to the present invention, and the Range was obtained for the wafer that was not mirror-polished after the lapping process and the etching process.
- One-to-one correspondence between this Range and the ring-shaped unevenness of the wafer outer peripheral part obtained by measuring with Nanomapper on the mirror wafer obtained by processing the wafer in the subsequent double-sided mirror polishing process. The correlation was investigated and compared. As a result, as shown in FIG. 22, a very high correlation with a contribution ratio of 0.93 was obtained.
- the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment.
- the above-described embodiment is an exemplification, and the present invention has substantially the same configuration as the technical idea described in the claims of the present invention, and any device that exhibits the same function and effect is the present invention. It is included in the technical scope of the invention.
Landscapes
- Testing Or Measuring Of Semiconductors Or The Like (AREA)
- Mechanical Treatment Of Semiconductor (AREA)
Abstract
Description
特許文献1では、ウェーハ切断時に表面に形成された歪層とマクロなうねりの成分が、両頭研削工程で除去され、かつウェーハの平坦度が向上し、その後に両面ラッピングすることで、両頭研削工程で生じた微小な表面のうねりが除去できると開示している。
前記鏡面研磨工程の前に、静電容量式の形状測定装置を用いて、前記半導体ウェーハの表面変位のWarpデータを測定し、前記半導体ウェーハの外周部の所定の幅を抽出範囲として設定し、該抽出範囲において、所定のフィッティング範囲におけるフィッティング関数で前記Warpデータのフィッティングを行うことによって、前記半導体ウェーハの外周部での加工歪みによるWarpデータの変化の影響を除外して、前記抽出範囲での前記フィッティングしたWarpデータのRange(最大値-最小値)を求め、該求めたRangeによって、前記鏡面研磨工程後の半導体ウェーハ表面のナノトポグラフィーを評価することを特徴とする半導体ウェーハの評価方法を提供する。
このような抽出範囲及びフィッティング範囲に設定することで、鏡面研磨後の半導体ウェーハのナノトポグラフィーに影響を与える外周部のリング状の凹凸を、鏡面研磨前に、確実に、精度良く評価することができる。
このようなフィッティング関数とすることで、簡易に、より精度良く評価することができる。
このように良品を判定することで、半導体ウェーハのナノトポグラフィーを効率的に、より精度良く評価することができる。
前記スライス工程、ラッピング工程、研削工程、エッチング工程の少なくとも一つの工程を行った半導体ウェーハを、本発明の半導体ウェーハの評価方法により評価し、該評価結果に基づいて、前記スライス工程、ラッピング工程、研削工程、エッチング工程の少なくとも一つの工程を管理しながら、前記半導体ウェーハを製造することを特徴とする半導体ウェーハの製造方法を提供する。
このように半導体ウェーハを製造することで、製造工程の異常等を早期に把握し、良好なナノトポグラフィーを有する半導体ウェーハを、効率的かつ確実に製造することができ、製造ロスの低減や歩留まりの向上を図ることができる。
一般的に、静電容量方式の形状測定は、被測定物(半導体ウェーハ)の厚さを基準として行われている。図1に示すようなプローブ1と被測定物2が静電容量を形成し、プローブ1と被測定物2との間の距離Dの変化により静電容量が変化する。静電容量-電圧変換回路で、Dに比例した電圧を出力させて変位を計測する。さらに、図2のように変位計のプローブ1を被測定物2の両側に、既知の距離cで固定し、表面変位aおよびbを測定すれば、被測定物2の厚さtは、式t=c-(a+b)で求められる。
その結果、図6のように、ラッピング工程後の加工歪を有するウェーハの寄与率(相関係数の二乗)は0.24であり、エッチング工程後のウェーハの寄与率0.71と比較すると低かった。
この評価では、鏡面研磨工程の前に、静電容量式の形状測定装置を用いて、半導体ウェーハの表面変位のWarpデータを測定し、半導体ウェーハの外周部の所定の幅を抽出範囲として設定し、該抽出範囲において、所定のフィッティング範囲におけるフィッティング関数でWarpデータのフィッティングを行うことによって、半導体ウェーハの外周部での加工歪みによるWarpデータの変化の影響を除外して、抽出範囲でのフィッティングしたWarpデータのRange(最大値-最小値)を求め、該求めたRangeによって、鏡面研磨工程後の半導体ウェーハ表面のナノトポグラフィーを評価する。
CZ法で製造された直径300mmのシリコン単結晶ウェーハを試料ウェーハとして、ラッピング工程後の加工歪を有するウェーハのWarpデータを、静電容量式の形状測定装置を用いて、図3のように、測定条件を4ライン(0deg、45deg、90deg、135deg)、FQA(Flatness Quality Area:ウェーハの平坦度適用領域)294mm、測定間隔1mmピッチで測定した。得られたWarpデータは、図9のようになる。
そして、半径方向130mmの位置からエッジに向かって径方向にWarpデータの曲線的変化を評価するためには、直線の基準面が必要である。半径方向130mmの位置から中心に向けて一定幅のWarpデータが必要となるが、例えば半径方向100~110mmの位置までWarpデータを抽出すると、図7から分かるように、加工歪の影響による見かけ上の曲線的な変化成分が含まれてしまう。そこで、エッジから中心に向けて(径方向に)、直径の10分の1の位置である、中心(0)から半径方向に120mmの位置を基準面の適切な開始位置と考えた。
従って、Warpデータを測定して、抽出範囲、フィッティング範囲を上記のように設定することができる。ただし、上記したように、外周部のリング状凹凸は、大体同じ位置に形成されるため、抽出範囲を、半導体ウェーハのエッジから径方向に直径の10分の1の位置までの範囲内で設定し、フィッティング範囲を、半導体ウェーハのエッジから径方向に直径の10分の1の位置からエッジに向けて径方向に直径の30分の1の幅の範囲内で設定することが、評価の精度が良く、簡易であるため好ましい。この場合、例えば、直径300mmのウェーハの場合、中心を基準(0)として、抽出範囲は半径方向に(エッジに向けて)120mmの位置からエッジ(150mmの位置)までの範囲内、フィッティング範囲は半径方向に(エッジに向けて)120mmの位置から130mmの位置(幅10mm)までの範囲内となる。
求める方法としては、例えば、図15(a)と図15(b)のように、最小二乗法、エクセルのソルバーとVisual Basicによるプログラミングを用いて、各測定角度のフィッティング範囲の
まず、光源13から出た光はコリメーターレンズ14により平行光となり、ハーフミラー15で2つの光路に分割(振幅分割)される。2つに分かれた光束は、それぞれ参照ミラー11と被測定物12(ここでは、半導体ウェーハを指す)で反射し、元の光路を逆戻りしてハーフミラー15により重ね合わせられ、CCDカメラ16により干渉縞画像(図19)が捉えられる。一方の参照ミラー11を高精度に研磨された平面(参照面)とし、他方(被測定物12)の被検面の形状を測定する。上記干渉計によって取り込まれた半導体ウェーハの面内データは、ノイズ除去等の処理が行われ、その後、図20に示すように設定によって決まるウィンドウサイズ21をウェーハ22面内で移動させ、ウィンドウ23内のPV値24(最大値-最小値)を、そのウィンドウ23の中心値25に置き換えることで、ナノトポグラフィーのデータとなる。
この管理においては、設定した基準で半導体ウェーハを抜き取り、本発明の評価方法を用いて、このウェーハを測定して、フィッティングした測定結果のRangeが、設定した合否基準値を超えた場合に、製造工程にフィードフォワードとフィードバックを行うことが好ましい。
一般的に抜き取り評価は、半導体ウェーハの約100~250枚からなる1ロット(=インゴット単位)について行う。スライス工程後のウェーハの場合は、インゴットの切断位置の頭部K・中心C・尾部Pの3箇所から抜き取る。ラッピング工程後のウェーハの場合は、25~50枚につき1~4枚を抜き取る。
このように抜き取ったウェーハを、本発明の評価方法によりRange(最大値-最小値)を求めて、最終工程の鏡面研磨工程後のウェーハ表面のナノトポグラフィーを評価する。
前記求めたRangeの結果をもとに、Range≦0.7μmをウェーハの合否基準値に設定して、簡易にウェーハの不良判定を行うことが好ましい。Range≦0.7μmを満たせば、鏡面研磨工程後のウェーハのナノトポグラフィーは十分に良好なものとなる。
上記抜き取り評価の結果、評価したウェーハ全数が合否基準値を超えた場合、当該ロットは全数不良判定(ロットアウト)とし、当該管理する工程へフィードバックする。不良品が発生した場合でも、少なくとも1枚が良品であると判定された場合は、当該管理する工程へのフィードバックと最終検査工程へのフィードフォワードを行う。
例としてスライス工程、ラッピング工程等に評価結果をフィードバックする場合について説明する。
スライス工程については基本的に条件を調整することができず、改善のために解析を行うこととなる。不良が発生したスライス号機やワイヤー、メインローラー等の材料を層別解析する。
両頭研削工程については、シフト(ウェーハに対する砥石軸上の砥石位置の調整)とチルト(ウェーハ面に対する砥石面との傾き調整)により基準値に入るまで調整を行う。また、ウェーハを保持する静圧パッドの左右流量を調整する場合もある。それでも範囲内に調整できないときは、キャリア交換、砥石交換を行う。
製品の要求項目にナノトポグラフィーが設定されている場合、最終工程の鏡面研磨工程後に、Nanomapper等を用いた最終検査工程においてウェーハの全数検査・選別を実施する。製品の要求項目にナノトポグラフィーが設定されていない場合は、1ロットにつき25枚のみを本発明により評価し、最終検査工程へのフィードフォワードを行う。
(実施例1)
加工歪を有するウェーハ表面を静電容量式の形状測定装置を用いて得られたWarpデータの処理に際して、最適な外周部の抽出範囲、フィッティング範囲、及び、フィッティング関数の組合せを用いて、本発明の評価方法を行った。
その結果、図22のように、寄与率0.91と非常に高い相関が得られた。
実施例1と同様に、ただし、ラッピング工程とエッチング工程を行った後の鏡面研磨が施されていないウェーハについて、本発明によりWarpデータ測定、フィッティングを行って、Rangeを求めた。このRangeと、該ウェーハを後工程である両面鏡面研磨工程で処理して得られた鏡面ウェーハについて、Nanomapperで測定して得られたウェーハ外周部のリング状の凹凸変位とを、一対一で対応させ、その相関関係を調査して比較した。
その結果、図22のように、寄与率0.93と非常に高い相関が得られた。
Claims (5)
- スライス工程、ラッピング工程及び/又は研削工程、エッチング工程、鏡面研磨工程を含む製造方法により製造する半導体ウェーハの表面のナノトポグラフィーを評価する方法であって、
前記鏡面研磨工程の前に、静電容量式の形状測定装置を用いて、前記半導体ウェーハの表面変位のWarpデータを測定し、前記半導体ウェーハの外周部の所定の幅を抽出範囲として設定し、該抽出範囲において、所定のフィッティング範囲におけるフィッティング関数で前記Warpデータのフィッティングを行うことによって、前記半導体ウェーハの外周部での加工歪みによるWarpデータの変化の影響を除外して、前記抽出範囲での前記フィッティングしたWarpデータのRange(最大値-最小値)を求め、該求めたRangeによって、前記鏡面研磨工程後の半導体ウェーハ表面のナノトポグラフィーを評価することを特徴とする半導体ウェーハの評価方法。 - 前記抽出範囲を、前記半導体ウェーハのエッジから径方向に直径の10分の1の位置までの範囲内で設定し、前記フィッティング範囲を、前記半導体ウェーハのエッジから径方向に直径の10分の1の位置からエッジに向けて径方向に直径の30分の1の幅の範囲内で設定することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の半導体ウェーハの評価方法。
- 前記フィッティング関数を、一次関数とすることを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載の半導体ウェーハの評価方法。
- 前記求めたRangeが0.7μm以下であれば、前記半導体ウェーハを良品と判定することを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれか一項に記載の半導体ウェーハの評価方法。
- スライス工程、ラッピング工程及び/又は研削工程、エッチング工程、鏡面研磨工程を含む半導体ウェーハの製造方法であって、
前記スライス工程、ラッピング工程、研削工程、エッチング工程の少なくとも一つの工程を行った半導体ウェーハを、請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか一項に記載の半導体ウェーハの評価方法により評価し、該評価結果に基づいて、前記スライス工程、ラッピング工程、研削工程、エッチング工程の少なくとも一つの工程を管理しながら、前記半導体ウェーハを製造することを特徴とする半導体ウェーハの製造方法。
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SG11201408564SA SG11201408564SA (en) | 2012-07-09 | 2013-06-11 | Semiconductor wafer evaluation method and semiconductor wafer manufacturing method |
| DE112013003142.6T DE112013003142T5 (de) | 2012-07-09 | 2013-06-11 | Halbleiterwafer-Bewertungsverfahren und Halbleiterwafer-Herstellungsverfahren |
| KR1020157000415A KR101985195B1 (ko) | 2012-07-09 | 2013-06-11 | 반도체 웨이퍼의 평가 방법 및 제조 방법 |
| CN201380036616.8A CN104428882B (zh) | 2012-07-09 | 2013-06-11 | 半导体晶片的评价方法及制造方法 |
| US14/410,514 US10043719B2 (en) | 2012-07-09 | 2013-06-11 | Semiconductor wafer evaluation method and semiconductor wafer manufacturing method |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2012-153933 | 2012-07-09 | ||
| JP2012153933A JP5862492B2 (ja) | 2012-07-09 | 2012-07-09 | 半導体ウェーハの評価方法及び製造方法 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2014010166A1 true WO2014010166A1 (ja) | 2014-01-16 |
Family
ID=49915651
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2013/003638 Ceased WO2014010166A1 (ja) | 2012-07-09 | 2013-06-11 | 半導体ウェーハの評価方法及び製造方法 |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US10043719B2 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP5862492B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR101985195B1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN104428882B (ja) |
| DE (1) | DE112013003142T5 (ja) |
| SG (1) | SG11201408564SA (ja) |
| TW (1) | TWI556339B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2014010166A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2021525576A (ja) * | 2018-05-31 | 2021-09-27 | ソレント・セラピューティクス・インコーポレイテッドSorrento Therapeutics, Inc. | リンパ系を標的化した薬物送達方法 |
Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP6323515B2 (ja) * | 2016-08-31 | 2018-05-16 | 株式会社Sumco | 半導体ウェーハのラッピング方法および半導体ウェーハ |
| JP6443520B1 (ja) * | 2017-10-02 | 2018-12-26 | 株式会社Sumco | 半導体ウェーハの評価方法および該方法を用いた半導体ウェーハの製造方法 |
| JP6841202B2 (ja) * | 2017-10-11 | 2021-03-10 | 株式会社Sumco | 半導体ウェーハの評価方法および半導体ウェーハの製造方法 |
| JP2019113329A (ja) * | 2017-12-21 | 2019-07-11 | 株式会社ニューフレアテクノロジー | 変位計測装置及び電子ビーム検査装置 |
| CN108807595B (zh) * | 2018-06-13 | 2020-02-14 | 苏州澳京光伏科技有限公司 | 一种低翘曲多晶硅太阳能电池用基板的制造方法 |
| US10796969B2 (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2020-10-06 | Kla-Tencor Corporation | System and method for fabricating semiconductor wafer features having controlled dimensions |
| DE102018221922A1 (de) * | 2018-12-17 | 2020-06-18 | Siltronic Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Halbleiterscheiben mittels einer Drahtsäge, Drahtsäge und Halbleiterscheibe aus einkristallinem Silizium |
| JP7172951B2 (ja) * | 2019-10-31 | 2022-11-16 | 信越半導体株式会社 | 半導体ウェーハの評価方法、半導体ウェーハの選別方法及びデバイスの製造方法 |
| CN111336914B (zh) * | 2020-03-25 | 2021-12-10 | 长江存储科技有限责任公司 | 晶圆翘曲度测量装置及方法 |
| CN111710600A (zh) * | 2020-05-20 | 2020-09-25 | 河源市天和第三代半导体产业技术研究院 | 一种硅晶圆降低减薄翘曲的方法 |
| CN112071765B (zh) * | 2020-08-18 | 2024-07-30 | 中环领先(徐州)半导体材料有限公司 | 确定晶圆加工参数的方法和晶圆的加工方法 |
| CN117577512A (zh) * | 2022-08-08 | 2024-02-20 | 万华化学集团电子材料有限公司 | 一种12寸研磨片波纹度的可视化检测方法及硅片研磨方法 |
| JP7746951B2 (ja) * | 2022-09-21 | 2025-10-01 | 株式会社Sumco | ウェーハ形状のモデル化方法、およびウェーハの製造方法 |
| CN119567443B (zh) * | 2024-06-28 | 2026-02-27 | 上海新昇半导体科技有限公司 | 晶圆翘曲形貌、晶棒线切形貌的表征方法及评价方法 |
| CN118431103B (zh) * | 2024-07-05 | 2024-10-22 | 西安奕斯伟材料科技股份有限公司 | 晶圆及其表面纳米形貌的预测方法、装置、设备及介质 |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003229392A (ja) * | 2001-11-28 | 2003-08-15 | Shin Etsu Handotai Co Ltd | シリコンウエーハの製造方法及びシリコンウエーハ並びにsoiウエーハ |
| JP2004020286A (ja) * | 2002-06-13 | 2004-01-22 | Shin Etsu Handotai Co Ltd | 半導体ウエーハの形状評価方法及び形状評価装置 |
| JP2006294774A (ja) * | 2005-04-08 | 2006-10-26 | Shin Etsu Handotai Co Ltd | 半導体ウエーハの評価方法及び評価装置並びに半導体ウエーハの製造方法 |
| JP2009027095A (ja) * | 2007-07-23 | 2009-02-05 | Sumco Techxiv株式会社 | 半導体ウェハの評価方法、半導体ウェハの研削方法、及び半導体ウェハの加工方法 |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002124490A (ja) | 2000-08-03 | 2002-04-26 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | 半導体ウェーハの製造方法 |
| JP2005500605A (ja) * | 2001-08-21 | 2005-01-06 | ウェーブフロント・サイエンシーズ・インコーポレイテッド | データセットのハイパスフィルタリング方法 |
| JP3838341B2 (ja) * | 2001-09-14 | 2006-10-25 | 信越半導体株式会社 | ウェーハの形状評価方法及びウェーハ並びにウェーハの選別方法 |
| US6613591B1 (en) * | 2002-03-07 | 2003-09-02 | Memc Electronic Materials, Inc. | Method of estimating post-polishing waviness characteristics of a semiconductor wafer |
| WO2006018961A1 (ja) * | 2004-08-17 | 2006-02-23 | Shin-Etsu Handotai Co., Ltd. | 半導体ウェーハの測定方法、その製造工程の管理方法、及び半導体ウェーハの製造方法 |
| US7810383B2 (en) | 2005-04-08 | 2010-10-12 | Shin-Etsu Handotai Co., Ltd. | Method for evaluating semiconductor wafer, apparatus for evaluating semiconductor wafer, and method for manufacturing semiconductor wafer |
| US7930058B2 (en) * | 2006-01-30 | 2011-04-19 | Memc Electronic Materials, Inc. | Nanotopography control and optimization using feedback from warp data |
| KR20100063409A (ko) * | 2008-12-03 | 2010-06-11 | 주식회사 실트론 | 나노토포그래피가 개선된 웨이퍼의 제조 방법 |
| CN102506773B (zh) * | 2011-09-28 | 2016-03-09 | 上海华虹宏力半导体制造有限公司 | 检测晶圆表面粗糙度的方法 |
| US20130139800A1 (en) * | 2011-12-02 | 2013-06-06 | Memc Electronic Materials, Spa | Methods For Controlling Surface Profiles Of Wafers Sliced In A Wire Saw |
-
2012
- 2012-07-09 JP JP2012153933A patent/JP5862492B2/ja active Active
-
2013
- 2013-06-11 CN CN201380036616.8A patent/CN104428882B/zh active Active
- 2013-06-11 WO PCT/JP2013/003638 patent/WO2014010166A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2013-06-11 US US14/410,514 patent/US10043719B2/en active Active
- 2013-06-11 SG SG11201408564SA patent/SG11201408564SA/en unknown
- 2013-06-11 KR KR1020157000415A patent/KR101985195B1/ko active Active
- 2013-06-11 DE DE112013003142.6T patent/DE112013003142T5/de active Pending
- 2013-06-21 TW TW102122205A patent/TWI556339B/zh active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003229392A (ja) * | 2001-11-28 | 2003-08-15 | Shin Etsu Handotai Co Ltd | シリコンウエーハの製造方法及びシリコンウエーハ並びにsoiウエーハ |
| JP2004020286A (ja) * | 2002-06-13 | 2004-01-22 | Shin Etsu Handotai Co Ltd | 半導体ウエーハの形状評価方法及び形状評価装置 |
| JP2006294774A (ja) * | 2005-04-08 | 2006-10-26 | Shin Etsu Handotai Co Ltd | 半導体ウエーハの評価方法及び評価装置並びに半導体ウエーハの製造方法 |
| JP2009027095A (ja) * | 2007-07-23 | 2009-02-05 | Sumco Techxiv株式会社 | 半導体ウェハの評価方法、半導体ウェハの研削方法、及び半導体ウェハの加工方法 |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2021525576A (ja) * | 2018-05-31 | 2021-09-27 | ソレント・セラピューティクス・インコーポレイテッドSorrento Therapeutics, Inc. | リンパ系を標的化した薬物送達方法 |
| JP2024159854A (ja) * | 2018-05-31 | 2024-11-08 | ソレント・セラピューティクス・インコーポレイテッド | リンパ系を標的化した薬物送達方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP5862492B2 (ja) | 2016-02-16 |
| KR20150033640A (ko) | 2015-04-01 |
| TW201413848A (zh) | 2014-04-01 |
| JP2014017381A (ja) | 2014-01-30 |
| US20150214123A1 (en) | 2015-07-30 |
| DE112013003142T5 (de) | 2015-03-12 |
| CN104428882A (zh) | 2015-03-18 |
| KR101985195B1 (ko) | 2019-06-04 |
| SG11201408564SA (en) | 2015-02-27 |
| CN104428882B (zh) | 2017-01-11 |
| TWI556339B (zh) | 2016-11-01 |
| US10043719B2 (en) | 2018-08-07 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP5862492B2 (ja) | 半導体ウェーハの評価方法及び製造方法 | |
| JP3838341B2 (ja) | ウェーハの形状評価方法及びウェーハ並びにウェーハの選別方法 | |
| JP4420023B2 (ja) | 半導体ウェーハの測定方法、その製造工程の管理方法、及び半導体ウェーハの製造方法 | |
| CN114631171B (zh) | 半导体晶圆的评价方法、半导体晶圆的分选方法及器件的制造方法 | |
| TWI859807B (zh) | 矽晶圓處理方法 | |
| CN111952208B (zh) | 侦测晶圆设定范围内平整度变化的方法 | |
| EP4388579B1 (en) | Systems and methods for processing semiconductor wafers using front-end processed wafer geometry metrics | |
| JP6443520B1 (ja) | 半導体ウェーハの評価方法および該方法を用いた半導体ウェーハの製造方法 | |
| JP4400331B2 (ja) | ウエーハの形状評価方法及び管理方法 | |
| KR20220164489A (ko) | 실리콘 웨이퍼의 dic결함의 형상측정방법 및 연마방법 | |
| JP4606231B2 (ja) | 半導体ウエーハの評価方法及び評価装置並びに半導体ウエーハの製造方法 | |
| KR20240001252A (ko) | 워크의 양면 연마 장치 및 양면 연마 방법 | |
| JP2011014800A (ja) | エピタキシャル層の膜厚測定方法、エピタキシャルウェーハの製造方法およびエピタキシャルウェーハの製造工程管理方法 | |
| EP4276890A1 (en) | System and method for processing silicon wafers | |
| US7810383B2 (en) | Method for evaluating semiconductor wafer, apparatus for evaluating semiconductor wafer, and method for manufacturing semiconductor wafer | |
| JP2006049740A (ja) | 半導体ウェーハの製造方法 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 13816099 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 14410514 Country of ref document: US |
|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20157000415 Country of ref document: KR Kind code of ref document: A |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1120130031426 Country of ref document: DE Ref document number: 112013003142 Country of ref document: DE |
|
| 122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 13816099 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |

