WO2014008726A1 - 一种石材地板组块的制作方法 - Google Patents

一种石材地板组块的制作方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014008726A1
WO2014008726A1 PCT/CN2012/083906 CN2012083906W WO2014008726A1 WO 2014008726 A1 WO2014008726 A1 WO 2014008726A1 CN 2012083906 W CN2012083906 W CN 2012083906W WO 2014008726 A1 WO2014008726 A1 WO 2014008726A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
floor
stone
plate
manufacturing
cutter
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Application number
PCT/CN2012/083906
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘�文
Original Assignee
北京珠峰天宫玉石科技发展有限公司
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Application filed by 北京珠峰天宫玉石科技发展有限公司 filed Critical 北京珠峰天宫玉石科技发展有限公司
Publication of WO2014008726A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014008726A1/zh

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28DWORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
    • B28D1/00Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor
    • B28D1/18Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by milling, e.g. channelling by means of milling tools
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04FFINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00Flooring
    • E04F15/02Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/08Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements only of stone or stone-like material, e.g. ceramics, concrete; of glass or with a top layer of stone or stone-like material, e.g. ceramics, concrete or glass

Definitions

  • the invention relates to stone flooring, in particular to the production of stone flooring blocks. Background technique
  • the current stone floor uses natural stone, which has high hardness and is very brittle. It is difficult to carry out complicated machining and cannot carry out the process of slotting. Therefore, the floor covering of stone floor can only be bonded with the cement mortar and the ground. There will be a cement mortar seam between them. The seam of cement mortar and the appearance of the stone form a huge contrast, which seriously affects the elegant, beautiful, moist, delicate and seamless paving effect of the stone.
  • the current stone flooring is very difficult to process due to its high hardness and brittleness, and is prone to cracking. Therefore, it is difficult to form mass production, and the price is very high, which seriously affects the promotion and production of stone flooring.
  • the object of the present invention is to improve the deficiencies of the background art, and to provide a method for manufacturing a stone floor block which can process a spliced structure and is easy to mass-produce.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a method for manufacturing a stone floor assembly, a floor block for making a stone floor, comprising the following steps:
  • the stone material needs to be made into a plate material by a cutting forming process.
  • the stone material comprises natural stone and artificial stone, and the artificial stone is smelted by powder mixing of various different components.
  • one side of the plate material is polished to be a reference surface, and the other side of the plate material is repeatedly ground to make the plate material have a certain thickness and precision. Thick plate.
  • step (3) further includes the following steps:
  • the fixed thickness plate is processed by using a combined tool
  • the combined tool includes a plurality of tool assemblies, each of the tool assemblies includes a cutter shaft and a cutter head, and the cutter shaft has one end The power drive is connected, and the cutter head is mounted on the other end, and the number of the cutters mounted on one of the cutter shafts is one, two or three.
  • cutter heads are all YG6 cemented carbide milling cutters.
  • the floor panel comprises four sides, wherein each of the two opposite sides is provided with a convex portion and a concave portion, and the positions of the protruding portion and the concave portion are mutually corresponding or staggered, and the shape and size are matched with each other.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects that the stone floor block manufacturing method of the invention can process the splicing structure of the stone floor block, thereby improving the overall effect of the stone floor, greatly improving the grade and grade of the stone floor, and further, the invention
  • the method of making stone floor is easy to mass-produce, which makes the problem of paving and laying of stone floor can be solved, and the key to promote the development of stone floor industry is obtained. It has strong market demand and has high economic value.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a hard floor pavement according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing another paving structure of a hard floor according to the present invention
  • 3 is a front view showing the structure of a floor block of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic left side view of a floor panel of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a top plan view showing the floor block of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the floor block of the present invention for convenient processing
  • Figure 7 is a cross-sectional structural view taken along line A-A of Figure 6;
  • Figure 8 is a cross-sectional structural view of the sanding and thickening device of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view showing the structure of the sanding plate of the grinding and thickening device of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic structural view of an automatic cutting device of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic view showing the structure of a first redirecting conveying device and a second redirecting conveying device in the automatic cutting device of the present invention
  • Figure 12 is a schematic view showing the structure of a cutting thick plate in the automatic cutting device of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a hard floor 1 which is different from a conventional wooden floor and has a relatively high hardness and can achieve a Mohs hardness of 7.0 or more.
  • floor 1 Compared with traditional wooden flooring, floor 1 has the advantages of high hardness, non-deformation, long service life and unique visual effects, so it has broad development prospects.
  • the material used for the hard floor 1 mainly includes stone, ceramic and glass-ceramic.
  • the stone mainly consists of natural stone and artificial stone.
  • the natural stone mainly includes high-quality plastics such as crystal stone (jade), marble and granite.
  • the natural stone is characterized by nature and harmony, in addition to high use value. , also has a high degree of art.
  • the artificial stone can be imitated into a corresponding natural stone, which has the advantages of being homogeneous and can be produced in various colors and shapes as needed.
  • the artificial stone resembling natural red mountain jade not only has various advantages of Hongshan jade itself, but also has uniform color and various forms. Whether it is natural red mountain jade or artificial red mountain jade, it has the advantages of elegance, beauty, moistness and vibrantness. It is very suitable for the decoration needs of elegant clubs and residences.
  • Glass-ceramic also known as microcrystalline jade or ceramic glass, its scientific name is glass crystal.
  • the main raw materials of glass-ceramics are ore, industrial tailings, metallurgical slag, fly ash, etc. It is a new type of building material developed by glass and stone technology.
  • the glass-ceramic has the dual characteristics of glass and ceramic.
  • the atomic arrangement inside the ordinary glass is irregular, which is one of the reasons for the fragility of the glass.
  • the glass-ceramic is composed of crystals, that is, its The arrangement of atoms is regular. Therefore, glass-ceramics have higher brightness than ceramics and are stronger than glass.
  • both glass-ceramic and Hongshan jade have the advantages of good toughness, high surface finish, good processability and good anti-fouling properties. They are very suitable for clubs and home use, not only neat and beautiful, but also easy to care.
  • Bonding mainly includes the use of cement slurry and glue.
  • the cement slurry will form cement sutures, which will affect the appearance.
  • the glue will not only affect the appearance, but also have poor environmental performance. With the current pursuit of low pollution, the target is bonded. The way will greatly reduce the grade and grade of hard flooring.
  • the hard floor 1 comprises a plurality of floor blocks 10, each floor block 10 being a separate unit, which is combined with each other by the floor blocks 10 to form a hard floor 1 of different forms.
  • the plurality of floor blocks 10 are all made of the same material, that is, stone, ceramic or glass-ceramic, and the plurality of floor blocks 10 are formed by splicing to form a hard floor 1 .
  • each floor block 10 is as shown in Figs. 3 to 5, which are both thin sheets, including two faces, that is, the front side and the back side, the front side is the surface for decoration, and the other side is the reverse side.
  • Each floor panel 10 includes four sides 101, 102, 103, 104, wherein one of each of the two opposite sides 101 and 103, 102 and 104 is provided with a recess 12, the other side 103, A projection 11 is provided on the 104.
  • the protrusion 11 is a protrusion disposed on the side of the floor block 10 and has a thickness smaller than the overall thickness of the floor block 10, and the length may be equal to the length of the corresponding side 103 or 104 of the floor block 10, or may be smaller than the floor block 10.
  • the concave portion 12 is a groove provided on a side surface corresponding to the convex portion 11, and the length, the thickness, and the width are both equal to or slightly larger than the corresponding size of the convex portion 11 (the size of the concave portion 11 does not exceed 105% of the size of the convex portion 12)
  • the projection 11 and the recessed portion 12 are both rectangular, and the corners of the fitting are respectively formed with rounded corners R' and R to prevent the projections 11 from being scratched when they are engaged with the recessed portion 12.
  • the protruding portion 11 and the concave portion 12 are both long and long with the corresponding side surface, and the structure is as shown in FIG. 6. Shown.
  • the protruding portion 11 and the concave portion 12 may correspond to each other, or may be interlaced to facilitate splicing into various types as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. Different shapes of the floor.
  • the hard floor 1 of the present invention can also be used as a decorative inlaid in the floor of other materials to form a grounded board.
  • the hard floor 1 as a part of the whole floor can be combined with other parts of the grounding plate to achieve different visual effects, and adapt to the individual needs of different users, such as the legend of wood and stone.
  • the grounding plate of the present invention is different from the existing grounding plate.
  • the floor materials of different materials are combined by a splicing structure, and the floor materials of the same material are also paved with a splicing structure, without using other auxiliary materials (such as water). Mud, glue, etc.).
  • each floor panel 10 of the hard floor 1 is as described above, and the corresponding floor of other materials (such as wooden floor, etc.) can also be composed of a plurality of other floor blocks, the structure and the hard floor.
  • the floor block 10 of 1 has the same structure and the same size to facilitate the cooperation. Since the hard floor 1 (especially the jade floor) is spliced and spliced with the floor of other materials (such as wooden floor), it does not need to be glued, etc. It is environmentally friendly and beautiful, and is combined with the traditional glued way. Compared with the floor, the grounding plate of the invention is more integrated, highlighting the grade and taste.
  • the hard floor 1 of the present invention which is spliced can also be used as a part of a decorative object, and is embedded in an object such as a wall or a wall to form a special decoration. Since the hard floor 1 (especially the jade floor) of the present invention does not need to use other auxiliary materials (such as glue and cement slurry), the hard floor 1 is clean and fresh as a decoration, and has a high grade compared with the traditional jade decoration. Great improvement.
  • each floor block 10 can adopt different hard materials in addition to the same hard material, and the blocks of two or more different hard materials are spliced with each other to form different materials. Splicing floors with different look and feel, such as black jade and white jade.
  • Each of the floor blocks 10 of the splicing floor of the present invention is fixed to each other by the above-mentioned structure (that is, the convex portion 11 and the concave portion 12 are matched with each other), and no material such as glue or cement slurry is needed, and the environment is environmentally friendly. It is also beautiful. It can be said that the splicing floor of the present invention is a major breakthrough in the production of flooring.
  • the inlaid and spliced floor materials can also include: non-metallic wall tiles for construction, non-metallic refractory building materials, non-metallic building materials, architectural glass, resin products, non-metallic floor tiles, terrazzo, non Insulation, non-woven fiberglass, porcelain, terracotta or glass (tempered glass), rubber flooring, PVC paving materials, linen paving materials, etc.
  • the floor inlaid and spliced with stone is as follows: Firstly, each floor block of stone floor is produced.
  • the shape can be made according to the needs of the setting, but it is necessary to have the protrusion 11 and the recessed portion 12 as described above, so that the floor blocks 10 are mutually clamped and fixed, and the whole is spliced together;
  • the spliced stone floor is spliced or inlaid into other floors or decorations to form a unitary structure.
  • the hard floor 1 of the present invention has a high hardness and can reach a Mohs hardness of 7.0 or more as described above, a special method is required for molding.
  • a method for manufacturing a stone floor will be described as an example, but the method is described. It is not limited to the production of stone flooring, but also can be applied to the production of other harder materials such as ceramics and glass-ceramics.
  • the method for manufacturing the stone floor of the present invention is actually a method for manufacturing the floor block 10, and specifically includes the following steps:
  • step (1) there are two kinds of natural stone plate processing and artificial stone plate processing.
  • Natural stone needs to be made into a sheet by cutting, surface grinding and polishing.
  • Artificial stone usually mixes and smelts powders of different compositions according to needs, and adds coloring agents, coagulants, etc., to produce artificial stones of various colors and forms, and then by surface cutting and surface polishing. Processes are made into sheets of different specifications. Regardless of the processing of natural stone plates or the processing of artificial stone plates, the rough processing of the plates is carried out. At this time, the shape accuracy and surface precision of the plates are poor, and further processing is required before they can be put into use.
  • one side of the plate is first polished to make it a reference surface, and the other side of the plate is repeatedly ground by the grinding and thickening device 2, so that the processed plate has a certain thickness and precision, and becomes Thick plate.
  • the grinding and thickening device 2 structure is as shown in Figs. 8 and 9, and includes a bracket 21, a power unit 22, a grinding device 23, a conveying device 24, and a flushing device 25.
  • the direction of the hollow arrow in Fig. 9 is the direction of movement of the diamond abrasive belt 233, and the solid arrow is the transport direction of the transport device 24.
  • the bracket 21 is a frame that is fixedly mounted on the ground to support the power unit 22, the sanding unit 23, the transport unit 24, and the flushing unit 25.
  • the power unit 22 includes a motor 221 and a belt reducer 222, is mounted on the bracket 21, is located above the bracket 21, and is coupled to the sanding device 23.
  • the sanding device 23 includes two oppositely disposed rubber rollers 231, 232.
  • the two rubber rollers 231, 232 are vertically disposed.
  • the upper rubber roller 231 is movably mounted on the bracket 21 by a cylinder 234, and the lower rubber roller 232 is provided at both ends.
  • Rotatablely mounted on both sides of the bracket 21, the upper rubber roller 231 has a diameter smaller than the diameter of the lower rubber roller 232, and the lower rubber roller 232 is drivingly coupled to the belt reducer 222 as a driving wheel, and the upper rubber roller 231 is a driven wheel, and the two rubber rollers 231
  • the surface hardness of 232 can reach 90 Shore.
  • a diamond abrasive belt 233 is set on the surface of the two rubber rollers 231, 232, and the diamond abrasive belt 233 is driven by the two rubber rollers 231, 232. Similar to the belt), the sheet 10 passing through the lower portion thereof can be polished while rotating.
  • the cylinder 234 is set up to facilitate the setting of the diamond abrasive belt 233 on the two rubber rollers 231, 232, and the diamond abrasive belt 233 can be easily and effectively tensioned.
  • the main body of the conveying device 24 is a conveyor belt 241.
  • the lower portion of the conveyor belt 241 is fixedly mounted on the bracket 21, and is located below the sanding device 23.
  • a grinding gap 20 is formed between the upper outer surface of the conveyor belt 241 and the lowermost end of the diamond belt 233.
  • a friction block 242 is evenly disposed on the outer surface of the conveyor belt 241 to increase the friction between the conveyor belt 241 and the sheet material 10 when the sheet material 10 is conveyed.
  • a water tank 243 is attached to the lower portion of the conveyor belt 241 to collect and guide the water sprayed by the flushing device 25.
  • the flushing device 25 includes a water pump, a water pipe and a spray head.
  • the spray head is mounted on the bracket 21 and located above and in front of the grinding gap 20 (refer to the feeding direction of the plate 10, the plate 10 enters the direction in the forward direction and the outgoing direction as the rear), and is flushed.
  • the direction is the sheet 10 that is facing the grinding gap 20.
  • the medium used in the flushing device is water.
  • the lower rubber roller 232 is rotated by the motor 221 by the belt reducer 222, thereby driving the diamond belt 233 and the upper rubber roller 231 to rotate.
  • the plate 10 to be polished is placed on the conveyor belt 241, and the grinding gap 20 is passed under the conveyance of the conveyor belt 241. While the sanding gap 20 is passed, the diamond sanding belt 233 polishes the upper surface of the plate material 10, and the plate material 10 is The friction between the friction blocks 242 on the conveyor belt 241 can overcome the resistance generated by the diamond belt 233 when the sheet 10 is sanded to ensure normal operation of the sheet 10.
  • the powder produced by the grinding is washed away by water to avoid sticking to the surface of the diamond abrasive belt 233, which affects the grinding performance, and the water-washing can also make the polished sheet 10 more clean.
  • the grinding of the sheet 10 is difficult to reach the set thickness at one time, so the sheet 10 often needs to be polished several times to meet the thickness requirement, which requires repeated grinding of the sheet 10, each
  • the grinding gap 20 needs to be re-adjusted during the secondary grinding to meet the requirements of the different sanding processes of the sheet 10.
  • the repeated grinding of the sheet 10 and the adjustment of the grinding gap 20 can be performed by manual manual operation or automatically controlled as needed.
  • the conveyor belt 241 can adopt a circulation structure, and the thickness of the sheet 10 can be detected by a sensor.
  • each component in the corresponding device needs to have a waterproof function, such as stainless steel material, etc., and the lower rubber roller 232 and the upper rubber roller 231 also need to adopt a bearingless waterproof shaft cutting instead of a belt. Roller with rolling bearing.
  • the step (3) of the method for manufacturing the stone floor further includes the following steps:
  • both steps (3.2) and (3.3) include three processes of slotting, end surface smoothing and trimming, that is, first processing the bumps (protrusions 11) and grooves as shown in FIG. 7 ( The recessed portion 12) is then ground to the corresponding end faces P' and P, and the rounded corners of the projections (protrusions 11) and the grooves (recessed portions 12) are ground.
  • the apparatus used in the step (3) is an automatic cutting device 3, and the structure of the automatic cutting device 3 is as shown in FIG. 10, and includes a material input device 31, a first conveying device 32, a first redirecting conveying device 33, and a second conveying.
  • the direction indicated by the arrow in the figure is the direction in which the thick plate 10 (finally processed into a floor block) travels during the cutting process.
  • the material input device 31 is disposed at the entrance of the automatic cutting device 3, and includes a positioning structure and a guide wheel to position the placed thick plate 10 correctly and then introduce it into the first conveying device 32.
  • the material input device 31 can also be provided with a lifting platform and a dispensing mechanism as needed to facilitate receiving the thickened plate 10 and automatically dispensing the stacked fixed thickness plates 10 .
  • the first conveying device 32, the second conveying device 34, and the third conveying device 37 each include a holder 307, a roller 309, a motor 308, and a conveying belt 304.
  • the support 307 is fixedly mounted on the ground for supporting the roller 309, the conveyor belt 304 and the motor 308; the roller 309 is mounted on the upper portion of the bracket 307, and the number thereof is multiple, including the power wheel and the tensioning wheel, and the power wheel passes through the motor 308.
  • the motor 308 is mounted on one side of the upper portion of the bracket 307 for driving one of the rollers 309; the conveyor belt 304 is fitted on each of the rollers 309, and is driven by the roller 309 to act on the thick plate placed on the upper surface thereof. 10 for delivery.
  • a water tank 305 is attached to the lower portion of the roller 309 to collect and guide the coolant.
  • the first conveying device 32 is located between the outlet of the material input device 31 and the inlet of the first redirecting conveying device 33; the second conveying device 34 is located between the outlet of the first redirecting conveying device 33 and the inlet of the second redirecting conveying device 36;
  • the three conveying device 37 is located between the outlet of the second redirecting conveying device 36 and the discharging device 39, and the conveying surfaces of the first conveying device 32, the second conveying device 34 and the third conveying device 37 are at the same height.
  • Both the first redirecting conveying device 33 and the second redirecting conveying device 36 rotate the conveying direction of the fixed thickness plate 10 by 90 degrees.
  • the double-track crossing is used to change the direction.
  • Other ways of changing the direction of the track can also be used.
  • the structure of the double raceway cross direction includes two layers of intersecting raceways, and the two layers of raceways can be lifted up and down, so that one of the raceways is located on the conveying surface of the fixed thickness plate, and the rolling directions of the two layers of raceways are perpendicular to each other.
  • the conveying direction is the same as that of the connected conveying device.
  • the first redirecting conveying device 33 is located between the outlet of the first conveying device 32 and the inlet of the second conveying device 34, and the second redirecting conveying device 36 is located at the outlet of the second conveying device 34 and the third conveying device Set 37 between the entrances.
  • the first cutting device 35 and the second cutting device 38 each include a seat body 300, a drive mechanism, a combination tool 4, and a cooling mechanism 303.
  • the seat body 300 is fixedly mounted on the ground and is located on the respective conveyor 34, 37 (the first cutting device 35 is located in the middle of the second conveyor 34 and the second cutting device 38 is located in the middle of the third conveyor 37).
  • the driving mechanism is mounted on the base body 300, and includes a motor 301 and a speed reducer 302.
  • the motor 301 can be a servo motor, and the servo motor is connected to the combination tool 4 through the speed reducer 302.
  • the cooling mechanism 303 is mounted on the seat body 300, and sprays a coolant to the position where the combination tool 4 cuts the fixed thickness plate 10, and the coolant may be water.
  • the combination tool 4 includes a plurality of tool assemblies 40, which are respectively mounted on both sides of the seat body 300 (of course, it can also be mounted on one side of the seat body 300 as needed, in which case the thick plate material 10 needs to be increased in corresponding processes), to the first Both sides of the constant thickness sheet 10 on the conveyor 34 or the second conveyor 37 are machined.
  • the number of the cutters 40 on each side is six (sometimes also seven), arranged in the order of the front and rear, in order to sequentially groove the passing thickened plate 10 (5-6 steps are required for the groove), End face smoothing and trimming (end face grinding and trimming can be done in one process).
  • Each of the tool assemblies 40 includes a tool shaft 401 and a tool bit 402.
  • the tool shaft 401 is mounted on the output shaft of the speed reducer 302 of the servo motor 301, and the other end is mounted with one, two or three cutter heads 402 as needed.
  • the cutter head 402 is a face milling cutter which is rotated by the cutter shaft 401 to perform cutting processing on the fixed thickness plate 10.
  • the cutter assemblies 40 respectively located on both sides of the seat body 300 respectively cut the fixed thickness sheets 10 to form the projections 11 and the recessed portions 12 of the floor block 10.
  • the number of tool assemblies 40 for machining the forming projections 11 is six, and the first to fourth cutter assemblies 40 are used to sequentially feed the grooves on both sides of the roughing cutting projection 11, the fifth The tool assembly 40 is used to finish the grooves on both sides of the cutting projection 11, and the sixth tool assembly 40 grinds the end face F of the projection 11 and its two rounded corners R', first to fifth Two cutter heads 402 are mounted on each cutter shaft 401 of the cutter assembly 40 to respectively cut the grooves on both sides of the projection portion 11, and three cutter heads 402 are mounted on the cutter shaft 401 of the sixth cutter assembly 40. , to repair the end face F and its two rounded corners R'.
  • the number of tool assemblies 40 for machining the forming recess 12 is also six, and the first to fourth tool assemblies 40 are used to sequentially feed the grooves of the roughing cutting recess 12, and the fifth tool total 40 is used to finish the groove of the cutting recess 12, and the sixth tool assembly 40 is used to grind the end faces P of the recessed portion 12 and the rounded corner R of the groove inlet, the first to the fourth tool A cutter head 402 is mounted on each of the cutter shafts 401 of the assembly 40 to perform rough machining of the recesses of the recessed portion 12, and two cutter heads 402 are mounted on the cutter shaft 401 of the fifth cutter assembly 40.
  • the groove of the recessed portion 12 is subjected to finishing cutting, and two cutter heads 402 are mounted on the cutter shaft 401 of the sixth cutter assembly 40 to respectively perform the grooved end faces of the recessed portion 12 and the groove inlet rounded corners. Grinding, each of the two cutter heads integrates a grinding end face and a rounded corner. Since the hard floor 1 (including the floor of stone, ceramic and glass-ceramic material) has high hardness, high brittleness, and easy cracking, there are special requirements for the material of the blade head 402 of the floor block 10 for processing the hard floor 1. . After performing a plurality of tests, the cutter head 402 of the present invention employs a carbide cutter having a special formulation.
  • Carbide tools mainly include Class H, Class K, Class M, Class N, Class P and Class S tools.
  • the more suitable tools in this invention include Class K, Class M and Class P tools, especially the national standard.
  • the YG6 (ISO standard: K15, ⁇ 20) tool has the characteristics of hardness, wear resistance, sharpness and brittle resistance, and is especially suitable for cutting jade.
  • rough machining including the first four steps of slotting
  • training including the last process of slotting and end face smoothing and cornering.
  • the angle of the cutter head 402 in the above process needs to be adjusted according to different process processes.
  • the cutting edge of the cutter head 402 When roughing, the cutting edge of the cutter head 402 is 8-12 degrees, and the cutting inclination angle is 10-18 degrees. The cutting force is increased, and the front angle of the cutter head 402 is 15 degrees during the training to reduce the deformation.
  • the cutter 402 is suitable for processing hard floors 1, especially for stone flooring, and is suitable for processing stone (not limited to flooring).
  • a pneumatic platen 306 is provided in the process of the first cutting device 35 and the second cutting device 38.
  • the pneumatic pressure plate 306 is located above the second conveying device 34 (or the third conveying device 37) and pressed against the upper surface of the fixed thickness plate 10, and the roller 309 is densely disposed at a position corresponding to the lower portion of the conveying belt 304 corresponding to the pneumatic pressing plate 306.
  • the pneumatic platen 306 together clamps the fixed thickness sheet 10 against the conveyor belt 304 and is conveyed by the conveyor belt 304.
  • the pneumatic platen 306 is made of a wear-resistant ceramic material to increase its service life.
  • the constant thickness plate 10 is first fed from the material input device 31 into the automatic cutting device 3, and the material input device 31 conveys the fixed thickness plate 10 to the first conveying device 32, and the first conveying device 32
  • the fixed thickness plate 10 is conveyed to the first redirecting conveying device 33, and the first redirecting conveying device 33 rotates the conveying direction of the fixed thickness plate 10 by 90 degrees and then conveys it to the second conveying device 34, and the fixed thickness plate 10 is in the second
  • the first cutting device 35 cuts the opposite sides of the fixed thickness plate 10 by the six cutter assemblies 40 distributed on both sides by the first cutting device 35, and finally on both sides thereof.
  • the second conveying device 34 conveys the fixed thickness plate 10 to the second redirecting conveying device 36, and the second variable direction conveying
  • the device 36 rotates the conveying direction of the fixed thickness plate 10 by 90 degrees and then conveys it to the third conveying device 37.
  • the third conveying device is conveyed 37
  • the second cutting device 38 passes through the two sides.
  • Each of the six tool assemblies 40 respectively cutting the other two opposite sides of the fixed thickness plate 10, and finally forming the protruding portion 11 and the concave portion 12 on the other two sides thereof respectively, and completing the second cutting of the fixed thickness plate 10 to form a desired one.
  • the floor block 10, the third conveying device 37 conveys the floor block 10 to the discharging device 39, and the floor block 10 can be discharged Stacking is done on device 39.
  • the cooling plate 10 and the cutting head 402 are cooled by water cooling, which can be cooled and dustproof, but the power device such as the motor 301 needs to be placed. Above the cutting position of the fixed-thickness plate 10, important parts are machined from stainless steel.
  • the method for manufacturing the stone floor of the present invention further comprises the following steps:
  • a qualified floor block 10 can be produced, that is, a qualified hard floor 1 (including stone floor) is produced, and the floor block 10 of the hard floor 1 is spliced to form a hard floor in use state.
  • the floor blocks 10 of different materials of the hard floor 1 are spliced together to form a spliced hard floor, and the floor block 10 of the hard floor 1 is spliced with other floor materials of different materials to form a grounding plate, a hard floor
  • the floor panel 10 of 1 is inlaid in a decorative material of different materials to form an inlaid decoration.
  • the stone floor block making method of the invention can process the splicing structure of the stone floor block, thereby improving the overall effect of the stone floor and greatly improving the grade and grade of the stone floor.

Abstract

一种石材地板组块的制作方法,用于制作石材地板(1)的地板组块(10),包括以下步骤:(1)将石材加工成板材;(2)对板材进行打磨,使板材具有一定厚度和精度,成为定厚板材;(3)将定厚板材加工出相应的拼接结构(11,12),成为地板组块(10)。

Description

一种石材地板组块的制作方法 技术领域
本发明涉及石材地板, 尤其与石材地板组块的制作有关。 背景技术
目前随着人们生活水平的提高, 室内装修装潢已经成为大势所趋, 地板可以提高地面 光洁度与美观度, 已经成为室内装修不可或缺的部分。 现在的地板大部分为木地板, 木地 板作为传统的地板有其明显的优点, 但是也存在容易变形、 光亮度不足等缺点, 而且人们 越来越不能满足地板材料的单一化。 于是, 不同材料的地板脱颖而出, 诸如竹、 藤、 石材 等等, 以满足不同用户的个性需求。 石材地板采用石料进行打磨抛光, 然后加工成地板, 其美观大方, 光亮清凉, 适合比较高档的会所与家庭, 得到追求高品质生活人士的青睐。 但是目前的石材地板采用天然石, 硬度高, 又非常脆, 难于进行复杂的机加工, 无法进行 开槽等工艺, 所以石材地板的地面铺装只能采用水泥砂浆与地面粘接, 各石材组块之间会 留有一条水泥砂浆线缝。水泥砂浆线缝与石材的外表特征形成巨大的反差, 严重影响石材 的高雅、 美丽、 润泽、 细腻及浑然一体的铺装效果。 另外, 现在的石材地板由于具有很高 硬度及很大脆性, 非常难以加工, 而且容易发生崩裂, 因此很难形成批量生产, 还使得价 格非常高, 严重影响石材地板的推广生产和使用。 如何提高石材地板的铺装效果, 提升石 材地板的档次, 以及如何能够批量生产石材地板, 成为困扰业界的难题, 该难题就像一把 锁, 紧紧锁住了石材地板的发展, 人们极为渴望能够得到开启这把锁的钥匙。 发明内容
本发明的发明目的在于改进背景技术的不足,而提供一种可加工出拼接结构且易 于批量生产的石材地板组块制作方法。
为实现本发明的上述发明目的, 本发明是采用如下技术方案的:一种石材地板组 块的制作方法, 用于制作石材地板的地板组块, 包括以下步骤:
( 1 ) 将石材加工成板材;
( 2) 对所述板材进行打磨, 使所述板材具有一定厚度和精度, 成为定厚板材; ( 3 ) 将所述定厚板材加工出相应的拼接结构, 成为地板组块。
进一步, 所述步骤 (1 ) 中, 所述石材需要通过切割成型工艺制作而成板材。 进一步, 所述石材包括天然石与人造石, 所述人造石通过各种不同成分的粉末混 合熔炼而成。
进一步, 所述步骤 (2 ) 中, 先对所述板材的一面进行抛光处理, 使其成为基准 面, 再对所述板材的另一面进行反复打磨, 使得所述板材具有一定厚度和精度, 成为 定厚板材。
进一步, 所述步骤 (2 ) 中使用金刚石砂带对所述板材的另一面进行反复打磨。 进一步, 所述步骤 (3 ) 中又包括如下步骤:
( 3.1 ) 将所述定厚板材输送到位;
( 3.2 ) 对所述定厚板材中的一对侧面进行加工, 以在该一对侧面上形成符合要 求的相应的拼接结构;
( 3.3 ) 对所述定厚板材中另一对侧面进行加工, 以在该另一对侧面上形成符合 要求的相应的拼接结构, 成为地板组块。
进一步, 所述步骤 (3 ) 中采用组合刀具对所述定厚板材进行加工, 所述组合刀 具包括多个刀具总成, 每个刀具总成均包括刀轴与刀头, 所述刀轴一头连接动力驱动 装置,另一头上安装刀头,一个所述刀轴上安装的所述刀头数量为一个、两个或三个。
进一步, 所述刀头均为 YG6硬质合金铣刀。
进一步, 还包括以下步骤:
( 4 ) 清洗地板组块;
( 5 ) 对清洗后的地板组块进行质量检验;
( 6 ) 将合格的地板组块登记入库。
进一步, 所述地板组块包括四个侧面, 其中每两相对的侧面上分别设置有凸出部 与凹入部, 所述凸出部与凹入部的位置相互对应或交错, 形状尺寸相互配合。
本发明的有益效果在于, 本发明的石材地板组块制作方法, 可加工出石材地板组 块的拼接结构, 从而提高石材地板的整体效果, 大大提升石材地板的品位与档次, 另 外, 本发明的石材地板制作方法易于批量生产, 使得石材地板的铺装制作难题得以解 决,获取了推动石材地板业大发展的钥匙,有很强的市场需求,具有极高的经济价值。 附图说明
图 1为本发明的硬质地板铺装结构示意图;
图 2为本发明的硬质地板另一种铺装结构示意图; 图 3为本发明的地板组块的主视结构示意图;
图 4为本发明的地板组块的左视结构示意图;
图 5为本发明的地板组块的俯视结构示意图;
图 6为本发明的地板组块方便加工的实施例的结构示意图;
图 7为图 6中沿 A-A线的剖视结构示意图;
图 8为本发明的打磨定厚设备剖视结构示意图;
图 9为本发明的打磨定厚设备打磨板材结构示意图;
图 10为本发明的自动切削设备结构示意图;
图 11 为本发明的自动切削设备中第一变向输送装置与第二变向输送装置结构示意 图;
图 12为本发明的自动切削设备中切削定厚板材的结构示意图。
附图标记说明: 1-硬质地板、 10-地板组块、 101、 102、 103、 104-地板组块 10的四个 侧面、 11-凸出部、 12-凹入部、 2-打磨定厚设备、 20-打磨间隙、 21-支架、 22-动力装置、 221-电机、 222-皮带减速器、 23-打磨装置、 231-上部橡胶滚轮、 232-下部橡胶滚轮、 233- 金刚石砂带、 234-气缸、 24-传输装置、 241-输送带、 242-摩擦块、 243-水槽、 25-冲刷装置 3-自动切削设备、 300-座体、 301-电机、 302-减速器、 303-冷却机构 304-输送皮带、 305- 水槽、 306-气动压板、 307-支座、 308-电机、 309-滚轮、 31-材料投入装置、 32-第一输送装 置、 33第一变向输送装置、 34-第二输送装置、 35-第一切削装置、 36-第二变向输送装置、 37-第三输送装置、 38-第二切削装置、 39-出料装置、 4-组合刀具、 40-刀具总成、 401-刀轴、 402-刀头、 P与 F-端面、 R与 R'-圆角 具体实施方式
下面结合附图详细说明本发明一种排泥管浮体的具体结构细节和安装使用过程。 如图 1与图 2所示, 本发明提供了一种硬质地板 1, 该硬质地板 1与传统的木地板等 不同, 具有相当高的硬度, 可达到莫氏硬度 7.0以上, 该硬质地板 1与传统木地板等相比 具有硬度高、 不易变形, 使用寿命长, 视觉效果独特等优点, 因此具有广阔的发展前景。
该硬质地板 1 选用的材质主要包括石材、 陶瓷与微晶玻璃。 石材从其成因上分主要 包括天然石与人造石两种, 天然石主要包括水晶石 (玉石) 、 大理石及花岗岩等可塑性较 高的品种, 天然石的特点是自然、 和谐, 除具有较高的使用价值外, 还具有很高的艺术品 位。 人造石可仿制成相应的天然石, 其优点是均质且可根据需要制作出各种颜色、 形状。 其中, 仿天然红山玉石的人造石, 不但具有红山玉石本身的各种优点, 而且色泽均匀、 形 态多样。 不论是天然的红山玉石还是人造的红山玉石, 均具有高雅、 美丽、 润泽、 细腻等 优点, 非常适合品位高雅的会所与居所的装饰需求。
微晶玻璃, 又称微晶玉石或陶瓷玻璃, 它的学名叫做玻璃水晶。 微晶玻璃的主要原 料为矿石、 工业尾矿、 冶金矿渣、 粉煤灰等, 是集玻璃、 石材技术发展起来的一种新型建 材。 微晶玻璃具有玻璃和陶瓷的双重特性, 普通玻璃内部的原子排列是没有规则的, 这也 是玻璃易碎的原因之一, 而微晶玻璃象陶瓷一样, 由晶体组成, 也就是说, 它的原子排列 是有规律的。 所以, 微晶玻璃比陶瓷的亮度高, 比玻璃韧性强。
作为地板使用, 微晶玻璃与红山玉石均具有韧性好、 表面光洁度高、 可加工性能好、 抗污性好等优点, 十分适合会所与家居使用, 不但整洁美观而且便于打理。
目前的硬质地板由于可加工性很差, 因此多采用粘接的方式固定。 粘接主要包括采 用水泥浆和胶水两种材料, 水泥浆会形成水泥缝线, 影响美观, 而胶水不但会影响美观, 而且环保性能很差, 与目前人们追求低污染的目标南辕北辙, 因此粘接的方式会大大降低 硬质地板的品位与档次。
本发明中, 硬质地板 1包括多块地板组块 10, 每一地板组块 10为一独立单元, 通过 各地板组块 10相互组合, 形成不同形态的硬质地板 1。 其中, 多块地板组块 10均采用同 一材料, 即为石材、 陶瓷或微晶玻璃等, 而且多块地板组块 10相互之间是通过拼接方式 形成硬质地板 1的。
每一地板组块 10的结构如图 3-图 5所示, 均为较薄的片体, 包括两个面, 即正面与 反面, 正面为用于装饰的面, 另一面为反面。 每一地板组块 10包括四个侧面 101、 102、 103、 104, 其中, 每两相对的侧面 101与 103、 102与 104中一个侧面 101、 102上设置有 凹入部 12, 另一个侧面 103、 104上设置有凸出部 11。 凸出部 11是设置在地板组块 10侧 面上的凸块,且厚度小于地板组块 10整体厚度,长度可与地板组块 10相应侧面 103或 104 的长度相等, 也可小于地板组块 10相应侧面 103或 104的长度。 凹入部 12是设置在与凸 出部 11对应侧面上的凹槽, 长度、 厚度及宽度均等于或略大于凸出部 11的相应尺寸(凹 入部 11尺寸不超过凸出部 12尺寸的 105%), 以便拼接时将该凸出部 11插入到该凹入部 12中, 并牢固可靠, 且不会崩裂, 形成地板组块 10之间的快速卡接固定。 另外, 如图 7 所示, 凸出部 11与凹入部 12均为长方形, 配合的角部上分别加工有圆角 R'与 R, 避免凸 出部 11与凹入部 12配合时相互划伤。
为方便加工, 通常凸出部 11与凹入部 12均为与相应侧面通长的结构, 结构如图 6 所示。 为使得产品多样化, 拼接地板组块 10时, 凸出部 11与凹入部 12可以是相互对应 的, 也可以是相互交错的, 以方便拼接成如图 1与如图 2所示等多种不同形状的地板。
本发明中的硬质地板 1 也可作为一种装饰镶嵌在其他材料的地板中形成一种镶接地 板。本发明的镶接地板中硬质地板 1作为整体地板的一部分, 可与镶接地板其他部分组合 达到不同的视觉效果, 适应不同用户的个性化需求, 如木石传说等。 本发明的镶接地板与 现有的镶接地板不同, 不同材料的地板之间是采用拼接结构相结合的, 相同材料的地板之 间也采用拼接结构进行铺装, 无需采用其他辅材 (如水泥浆、 胶水等) 。 进行镶嵌时硬质 地板 1各地板组块 10的结构如前所述, 相应的被镶嵌的其他材料的地板 (如木地板等) 也可由多块其他地板组块组成, 其结构与硬质地板 1的地板组块 10结构相同、 尺寸相配, 以方便配合。 由于硬质地板 1 (尤其是玉石地板) 采用拼接结构与其他材料的地板 (如木 地板)相互拼接镶嵌, 无需采用胶粘等方式, 既环保又美观, 与传统的采用胶粘方式进行 组合镶嵌的地板相比, 本发明的镶接地板更加浑然一体, 突显了档次和品位。
进行拼接的本发明硬质地板 1 还可作为装饰物的一部分, 镶嵌在墙体、 壁挂等物体 上, 形成特别的装饰。 由于本发明硬质地板 1 (尤其是玉石地板) 无需采用其他辅材 (如 胶水和水泥浆) , 使得该硬质地板 1作为装饰物干净、 清新, 与传统的玉石装饰相比品位 档次有极大提高。
另外,本发明中各地板组块 10除可采用相同硬质材料外,也可采用不同的硬质材料, 两种或多种不同硬质材料的组块相互之间拼接,最终形成不同材料、不同观感的拼接地板, 如黑色玉石与白色玉石相互拼接的地板。 本发明的拼接地板中各地板组块 10之间均采用 上述的结构相互卡接固定(即采用凸出部 11与凹入部 12相互配合的方式) , 无需采用胶 水或水泥浆等材料, 既环保又美观, 可以说本发明的拼接地板是地板生产的一大突破。
不论采用硬质地板 1 (尤其是玉石地板)对主体地板进行镶嵌, 还是硬质地板 1与其 他材质地板进行拼接, 都采用如上所述的卡接固定方式。 其镶嵌与拼接的地板材料除常见 的木材外, 还可包括: 建筑用非金属墙砖、 非金属耐火建筑材料、 非金属建筑材料、 建筑 玻璃、 树脂类制品、 非金属地板砖、 水磨石、 非绝缘用、 非纺织用玻璃纤维、 瓷、 赤陶或 玻璃 (钢化玻璃) 、 橡胶地板、 PVC铺装材料、 亚麻铺装材料等等。
采用石材进行镶嵌的地板, 其镶接和拼接方法如下: 先生产石材地板的各地板组块
10, 其形状可以根据设定需要制作, 但需要具有如上所述的凸出部 11与凹入部 12, 以便 各地板组块 10之间相互形成卡接固定, 整体上拼接而成; 再将已拼接好的石材地板拼接 或镶嵌到其他地板或装饰物中, 以形成整体结构。 本发明的硬质地板 1由于具有很高的硬度, 如上所述可到达莫氏硬度 7.0以上, 因此 需使用特殊的方法制作成型, 下面将以石材地板的制作方法为例进行描述, 但该方法并不 限于生产石材地板, 也可以应用于陶瓷、 微晶玻璃等其他硬度较高的材料的地板生产。
由于石材地板是由多块地板组块 10相互拼接而成, 因此本发明的石材地板的制作方 法, 实际上就是地板组块 10的制作方法, 具体包括以下步骤:
( 1 ) 将石材加工成板材;
(2) 对板材进行打磨, 使板材具有一定厚度和精度, 成为定厚板材;
( 3 ) 将定厚板材加工出相应的拼接结构, 成为地板组块。
步骤 (1 ) 中, 包括天然石板材加工与人造石板材加工两种。 天然石需要通过切割成 型、 表面打磨抛光等工艺制作而成板材。 人造石通常根据需要, 将各种不同成分的粉末混 合熔炼, 并相应添加色剂、 凝固剂等, 以制作出合乎需要的各种颜色、 形态的人造石, 然 后再通过切割成型、表面打磨抛光等工艺制作成不同规格的板材。 不论天然石板材的加工 还是人造石板材的加工均属于板材的粗加工, 此时板材的形状精度、 表面精度均较差, 还 需进一步加工才能投入使用。
步骤 (2) 中, 先对该板材的一面进行抛光处理, 使其成为基准面, 再采用打磨定厚 设备 2对板材的另一面进行反复打磨, 使得加工后的板材具有一定厚度和精度, 成为定厚 板材。
打磨定厚设备 2结构如图 8与图 9所示, 包括支架 21、 动力装置 22、 打磨装置 23、 传输装置 24及冲刷装置 25。 图 9中空心箭头的方向为金刚石砂带 233的运动方向, 实心 箭头为传输装置 24的传输方向。
支架 21为一架体, 固定安装在地面上, 用以支撑动力装置 22、 打磨装置 23、 传输 装置 24及冲刷装置 25。
动力装置 22包括电机 221与皮带减速器 222, 安装在支架 21上, 位于支架 21的上 部, 并传动连接打磨装置 23。
打磨装置 23包括有两相对设置的橡胶滚轮 231、 232, 该两橡胶滚轮 231、 232上下 垂直设置, 上部橡胶滚轮 231通过一气缸 234位置可以移动地安装在支架 21上, 下部橡 胶滚轮 232两端可转动地安装在支架 21两侧, 上部橡胶滚轮 231直径小于下部橡胶滚轮 232直径, 下部橡胶滚轮 232与皮带减速器 222传动连接, 为驱动轮, 上部橡胶滚轮 231 为从动轮, 两橡胶滚轮 231、 232的表面硬度都可达到 90邵尔。 在两橡胶滚轮 231、 232 的表面套装一金刚石砂带 233, 金刚石砂带 233在两橡胶滚轮 231、 232驱动下转动(其动 作类似于皮带) , 在转动的同时可对在其下部通过的板材 10进行打磨。 气缸 234的设立, 便于在两橡胶滚轮 231、 232上套装金刚石砂带 233,并可方便有效地张紧金刚石砂带 233。
传输装置 24的主体为一输送带 241, 该输送带 241下部固定安装在支架 21上, 位于 打磨装置 23的下方, 输送带 241上部外表面与金刚石砂带 233最下端之间形成一打磨间 隙 20。 在输送带 241外表面上均匀布置有摩擦块 242, 以加大输送板材 10时输送带 241 与板材 10之间的摩擦力。 输送带 241下部安装一水槽 243, 以收集与导引冲刷装置 25喷 射的水。
冲刷装置 25包括水泵、 水管与喷头, 喷头安装在支架 21上, 位于打磨间隙 20的上 方及前方 (以板材 10进给方向为参考, 板材 10进入方向为前方, 出去方向为后方) , 冲 刷的方向为正对处于打磨间隙 20内的板材 10。 为节约成本, 且提高冲刷效果, 冲刷装置 中采用的介质为水。
在对板材 10进行打磨时, 下部橡胶滚轮 232在电机 221通过皮带减速器 222的驱动 下转动, 从而带动金刚石砂带 233及上部橡胶滚轮 231转动。 将需要打磨的板材 10放置 在输送带 241上, 在输送带 241的传输下通过打磨间隙 20, 在通过打磨间隙 20的同时, 金刚石砂带 233对该板材 10的上表面进行打磨,板材 10与输送带 241上的摩擦块 242之 间的摩擦力可以克服金刚石砂带 233打磨板材 10时产生的阻力, 以保证板材 10输送的正 常进行。 另外, 打磨产生的粉末通过水冲走, 避免粘结在金刚石砂带 233表面, 影响其打 磨性能, 通过水的冲刷还能使得打磨后的板材 10更加清洁。
由于金刚石砂带 233每次打磨厚度的限制,板材 10的打磨很难一次达到设定的厚度, 因此板材 10经常需要多次打磨才能满足定厚要求, 这就需要对板材 10进行反复打磨, 每 次打磨时打磨间隙 20需要进行重新调整, 以满足板材 10不同打磨工序的要求。 板材 10 的反复打磨、 打磨间隙 20的调整可以通过人工手动操作完成, 也可根据需要采用自动控 制, 如输送带 241可采用循环结构, 板材 10厚度可通过传感器进行检测等。 另外, 由于 采用冲刷装置 25, 相应的设备中各零部件需具有防水功能, 如采用不锈钢材料制作等, 另 外下部橡胶滚轮 232与上部橡胶滚轮 231还需选用无轴承防水轴削,而不采用带有滚动轴 承的滚轮。
石材地板的制作方法的步骤 (3 ) 中又包括如下步骤:
( 3.1 ) 将定厚板材输送到位;
( 3.2) 对定厚板材中的一对侧面进行加工, 以在该一对侧面上形成符合要求的相应 的凸出部与凹入部; ( 3.3 ) 对定厚板材中另一对侧面进行加工, 以在该另一对侧面上形成符合要求的相 应的凸出部与凹入部, 成为地板组块。
其中, 步骤 (3.2) 与步骤 (3.3 ) 中均包括开槽、 端面磨平与修角三个工艺过程, 即 先加工出如图 7所示的凸块 (凸出部 11 ) 与凹槽 (凹入部 12) , 然后再磨削相应的端面 P'与 P, 并修磨凸块 (凸出部 11 ) 与凹槽 (凹入部 12) 的圆角 与 。
在步骤 (3 ) 中使用的设备为自动切削设备 3, 自动切削设备 3的结构如图 10所示, 包括材料投入装置 31、 第一输送装置 32、 第一变向输送装置 33、 第二输送装置 34、 第一 切削装置 35、 第二变向输送装置 36、 第三输送装置 37、 第二切削装置 38及出料装置 39。 图中箭头所示方向为定厚板材 10 (最终加工成型为地板组块)在切削加工过程中的行进方 向。
材料投入装置 31设置在自动切削设备 3的入口, 包括定位结构及导轮, 以对放入的 定厚板材 10定位正确后导入第一输送装置 32。另外,材料投入装置 31也可根据需要设置 升降平台与分料机构, 以方便接收定厚板材 10, 并自动分送堆叠的定厚板材 10。
如图 12所示, 第一输送装置 32、 第二输送装置 34及第三输送装置 37均包括支座 307、 滚轮 309、 电机 308与输送皮带 304。 其中, 支座 307固定安装在地面上, 用于支撑 滚轮 309、 输送皮带 304与电机 308; 滚轮 309安装在支架 307上部, 数量为多个, 包括 动力轮与张紧轮, 动力轮通过电机 308驱动; 电机 308安装在支架 307上部的一侧, 用于 驱动其中一滚轮 309; 输送皮带 304套装在各滚轮 309上, 在滚轮 309驱动下循环动作, 以对放置在其上表面的定厚板材 10进行输送。另外, 在滚轮 309下部安装一水槽 305, 以 收集与导引冷却液。
第一输送装置 32位于材料投入装置 31出口与第一变向输送装置 33入口之间; 第二 输送装置 34位于第一变向输送装置 33出口与第二变向输送装置 36入口之间; 第三输送 装置 37位于第二变向输送装置 36出口与出料装置 39之间, 第一输送装置 32、 第二输送 装置 34及第三输送装置 37的输送面在同一高度上。
第一变向输送装置 33与第二变向输送装置 36均将定厚板材 10的输送方向旋转 90 度, 在本发明中如图 11所示, 采用双滚道交叉的方式进行变向, 当然也可采用轨道变向 等其他方式进行变向。双滚道交叉变向的结构包括两层可交叉的滚道, 两层滚道可上下升 降, 从而使得其中一个滚道位于定厚板材的输送面, 两层滚道滚动传输方向相互垂直, 各 自与相接的输送装置输送方向相同。第一变向输送装置 33位于第一输送装置 32出口与第 二输送装置 34入口之间, 第二变向输送装置 36位于第二输送装置 34出口与第三输送装 置 37入口之间。
如图 12所示, 第一切削装置 35与第二切削装置 38均包括座体 300、 驱动机构、 组 合刀具 4及冷却机构 303。 座体 300固定安装在地面上, 并位于相应的输送装置 34、 37 上 (第一切削装置 35位于第二输送装置 34中部, 第二切削装置 38位于第三输送装置 37 中部) 。 驱动机构安装在座体 300上, 包括电机 301与减速器 302, 电机 301可采用伺服 电机, 伺服电机通过减速器 302传动连接组合刀具 4。 冷却机构 303安装在座体 300上, 向组合刀具 4切削定厚板材 10的位置上喷射冷却液, 该冷却液可为水。
组合刀具 4包括多个刀具总成 40, 分别安装在座体 300的两侧 (当然, 也可根据需 要安装在座体 300的单侧, 此时定厚板材 10需增加相应工序) , 以对第一输送装置 34或 第二输送装置 37上的定厚板材 10的两个侧面进行加工。 每一侧的刀具 40总成数量均为 六个(有时也可为七个), 按照前后顺序排列, 以依次对通过的定厚板材 10进行开槽(开 槽需要 5-6道工序) 、 端面磨平与修角 (端面磨平与修角可在一个工序中完成) 。 每个刀 具总成 40均包括刀轴 401与刀头 402, 刀轴 401—端安装在伺服电机 301 的减速器 302 输出轴上, 另一端根据需要安装一个、 两个或三个刀头 402。 刀头 402均采用平面铣刀, 在刀轴 401带动下进行转动, 以对定厚板材 10进行切削加工。
分别位于座体 300两侧的刀具总成 40分别切削定厚板材 10以成型地板组块 10的凸 出部 11与凹入部 12。 用于加工成型凸出部 11的一侧刀具总成 40数量为 6个, 第一到第 四个刀具总成 40用于依次进给粗加工切削凸出部 11的两侧槽, 第五个刀具总成 40用于 精加工切削凸出部 11的两侧槽, 第六个刀具总成 40对凸出部 11的端面 F及其两圆角 R' 进行修磨,第一到第五个刀具总成 40上每个刀轴 401上安装两把刀头 402, 以分别对凸出 部 11的两侧槽进行切削, 第六个刀具总成 40的刀轴 401上安装三把刀头 402, 以分别对 端面 F及其两圆角 R'进行修磨。
用于加工成型凹入部 12的一侧刀具总成 40数量也为 6个, 第一到第四个刀具总成 40用于依次进给粗加工切削凹入部 12的凹槽,第五个刀具总成 40用于精加工切削凹入部 12的凹槽, 第六个刀具总成 40对凹入部 12凹槽两侧端面 P及凹槽入口的圆角 R进行修 磨, 第一到第四个刀具总成 40上每个刀轴 401上安装一把刀头 402, 以分别对凹入部 12 的凹槽进行粗加工切削, 第五个刀具总成 40的刀轴 401上安装两把刀头 402, 对凹入部 12的凹槽进行精加工切削, 第六个刀具总成 40的刀轴 401上安装两把刀头 402, 以分别 对凹入部 12的凹槽两侧端面及凹槽入口圆角进行修磨, 该两把刀头中每把刀头均集成了 修磨端面及一个圆角的功能。 由于硬质地板 1 (包括石材、 陶瓷及微晶玻璃材料的地板)硬度高、 脆性大, 容易崩 裂, 所以对用于加工硬质地板 1的地板组块 10的刀头 402的材质有特殊要求。 在进行多 次试验后, 本发明中刀头 402采用具有特殊配方的硬质合金刀具。硬质合金刀具主要包括 H类、 K类、 M类、 N类、 P类与 S类 6类刀具, 本发明中较为适用的包括 K类、 M类 及 P类三类刀具, 尤其是国标为 YG6 (ISO标准: K15、 Κ20 ) 的刀具, 具有坚硬、 耐磨、 锋利及抗脆性等综合的特点, 特别适合切割玉石。 在加工凸出部 11与凹入部 12时, 根据 需要分为粗加工(包括开槽的前四道工序)和进修(包括开槽的最后一道工序及端面磨平 与修角工序)两部分工艺过程,上述工艺过程中刀头 402的角度需根据不同工艺过程调整, 粗加工时由于要切除多的切屑, 此时刀头 402前角为 8-12度, 切削倾角为 10-18度, 以增 大切削力, 进修时刀头 402前角为 15度, 以减小变形。 该刀头 402选用的刀具适合加工 硬质地板 1, 尤其适合加工石材地板, 而且可宜于加工石材 (不限于地板) 。
另外, 由于第一切削装置 35与第二切削装置 38中组合刀具 4对定厚板材 10进行切 削加工时形成很大的切削阻力, 因此第二输送装置 34与第三输送装置 37在输送定厚板材 10通过第一切削装置 35与第二切削装置 38的过程中需配合设置一气动压板 306。该气动 压板 306位于第二输送装置 34 (或第三输送装置 37)的上方,并压靠定厚板材 10的上面, 输送皮带 304下部对应该气动压板 306的位置上密集设置滚轮 309, 与该气动压板 306一 起将定厚板材 10夹靠在输送皮带 304上, 并由输送皮带 304输送前进。 该气动压板 306 采用耐磨的陶瓷材料, 以提高其使用寿命。
在步骤 (3 ) 中, 先将定厚板材 10从材料投入装置 31投入到自动切削设备 3中, 材 料投入装置 31将该定厚板材 10输送到第一输送装置 32, 第一输送装置 32再将该定厚板 材 10输送到第一变向输送装置 33上,第一变向输送装置 33将定厚板材 10输送方向旋转 90度后输送到第二输送装置 34, 定厚板材 10在第二输送装置 34上输送时, 通过第一切 削装置 35, 第一切削装置 35通过两侧分布的各六个刀具总成 40分别对定厚板材 10的两 相对侧面进行切削, 最终在其两侧面上分别成型凸出部 11与凹入部 12, 完成对定厚板材 10的第一次切削后, 第二输送装置 34将定厚板材 10输送到第二变向输送装置 36上, 第 二变向输送装置 36将定厚板材 10输送方向旋转 90度后输送到第三输送装置 37, 定厚板 材 10在第三输送装置输送 37时, 通过第二切削装置 38, 第二切削装置 38通过两侧分布 的各六个刀具总成 40分别对定厚板材 10的另两相对侧面进行切削,最终在其另两侧面上 分别成型凸出部 11与凹入部 12,完成对定厚板材 10的第二次切削后,形成合乎要求的地 板组块 10, 第三输送装置 37将该地板组块 10输送到出料装置 39, 地板组块 10可在出料 装置 39上完成堆叠。
在第一切削装置 35与第二切削装置 38对定厚板材 10进行切削加工时, 采用水冷对 定厚板材 10及刀头 402进行冷却, 可降温、 防尘, 但是电机 301等动力装置需放置在定 厚板材 10切削位置的上方, 重要零部件采用不锈钢材料加工制作。
本发明的石材地板的制作方法, 还包括以下步骤:
(4) 清洗地板组块 10;
(5 ) 对清洗后的地板组块 10进行质量检验;
(6) 将合格的地板组块 10登记入库。
通过以上所有步骤, 可制作出合格的地板组块 10, 也就是制作了合格的硬质地板 1 (包括石材地板) , 该硬质地板 1的地板组块 10通过拼接形成使用状态的硬质地板, 不 同材质的硬质地板 1的地板组块 10相互拼接形成拼接硬质地板, 硬质地板 1的地板组块 10通过与其他不同材料的地板组块进行拼接, 形成镶接地板, 硬质地板 1的地板组块 10 镶嵌在不同材料的装饰物中, 形成镶嵌装饰。 工业实用性
本发明的石材地板组块制作方法, 可加工出石材地板组块的拼接结构, 从而提高石材 地板的整体效果, 大大提升石材地板的品位与档次。

Claims

权利要求
1.一种石材地板组块的制作方法, 用于制作石材地板的地板组块, 其特征在于, 包括 以下步骤:
( 1 ) 将石材加工成板材;
(2) 对所述板材进行打磨, 使所述板材具有一定厚度和精度, 成为定厚板材;
(3 ) 将所述定厚板材加工出相应的拼接结构, 成为地板组块。
2.如权利要求 1所述的石材地板组块的制作方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤(1 ) 中, 所 述石材需要通过切割成型工艺制作而成板材。
3.如权利要求 2所述的石材地板组块的制作方法, 其特征在于, 所述石材包括天然石 与人造石, 所述人造石通过各种不同成分的粉末混合熔炼而成。
4.如权利要求 1所述的石材地板组块的制作方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤(2) 中, 先 对所述板材的一面进行抛光处理,使其成为基准面,再对所述板材的另一面进行反复打磨, 使得所述板材具有一定厚度和精度, 成为定厚板材。
5.如权利要求 4所述的石材地板组块的制作方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤(2) 中使用 金刚石砂带对所述板材的另一面进行反复打磨。
6.如权利要求 1所述的石材地板组块的制作方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤(3 ) 中又包 括如下步骤:
(3.1 ) 将所述定厚板材输送到位;
(3.2)对所述定厚板材中的一对侧面进行加工, 以在该一对侧面上形成符合要求的相 应的拼接结构;
(3.3 )对所述定厚板材中另一对侧面进行加工, 以在该另一对侧面上形成符合要求的 相应的拼接结构, 成为地板组块。
7.如权利要求 6所述的石材地板组块的制作方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤(3 ) 中采用 组合刀具对所述定厚板材进行加工, 所述组合刀具包括多个刀具总成, 每个刀具总成均包 括刀轴与刀头, 所述刀轴一头连接动力驱动装置, 另一头上安装刀头, 一个所述刀轴上安 装的所述刀头数量为一个、 两个或三个。
8.如权利要求 7 所述的石材地板组块的制作方法, 其特征在于, 所述刀头均为 YG6 硬质合金铣刀。
9.如权利要求 1所述的石材地板组块的制作方法, 其特征在于, 还包括以下步骤: (4) 清洗地板组块; ( 5 ) 对清洗后的地板组块进行质量检验;
(6) 将合格的地板组块登记入库。
10.如权利要求 1-9任一所述的石材地板组块的制作方法, 其特征在于, 所述地板组块 包括四个侧面, 其中每两相对的侧面上分别设置有凸出部与凹入部, 所述凸出部与凹入部 的位置相互对应或交错, 形状尺寸相互配合。
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