WO2014002370A1 - 車両用空調装置 - Google Patents
車両用空調装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014002370A1 WO2014002370A1 PCT/JP2013/003221 JP2013003221W WO2014002370A1 WO 2014002370 A1 WO2014002370 A1 WO 2014002370A1 JP 2013003221 W JP2013003221 W JP 2013003221W WO 2014002370 A1 WO2014002370 A1 WO 2014002370A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- air
- outside air
- heat exchanger
- heating
- blown
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00007—Combined heating, ventilating, or cooling devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
- B60H1/00821—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being ventilating, air admitting or air distributing devices
- B60H1/00835—Damper doors, e.g. position control
- B60H1/00849—Damper doors, e.g. position control for selectively commanding the induction of outside or inside air
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/32—Cooling devices
- B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
- B60H1/3205—Control means therefor
- B60H1/3211—Control means therefor for increasing the efficiency of a vehicle refrigeration cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
- F25B49/022—Compressor control arrangements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/32—Cooling devices
- B60H2001/3269—Cooling devices output of a control signal
- B60H2001/327—Cooling devices output of a control signal related to a compressing unit
- B60H2001/3272—Cooling devices output of a control signal related to a compressing unit to control the revolving speed of a compressor
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a vehicle air conditioner including a refrigeration cycle in which a refrigerant is circulated by an electric compressor.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an intermediate period heating when the target temperature (Tao) of the blown air blown into the passenger compartment is slightly lower than the outside air temperature (Tam) or when the Tao is slightly higher than Tam. Interim control during operation is disclosed.
- both air cooling by the evaporator of the refrigeration cycle and air heating by the heater are performed.
- the blowing air is adjusted to Tao by adjusting the heating degree by a heater with an air mix door.
- the discharge amount of the electric compressor since the discharge amount of the electric compressor has a minimum discharge amount, it is necessary to reduce the discharge amount of the electric compressor and adjust the blown air temperature accurately in the intermediate period when the temperature difference between Tao and Tam is small. It is difficult. Therefore, in the above-described intermediate period control, cooling is performed even during the heating operation, and heating is performed even during the cooling operation, and the temperature is adjusted by the air mix door.
- An object of the present disclosure is to provide a vehicle air conditioner that reduces power consumption of an electric compressor.
- a vehicle air conditioner in the refrigeration cycle, a blower that blows air and blows out the air from a blower outlet into the vehicle interior, a refrigeration cycle that circulates refrigerant using an electric compressor, and the like. And an indoor heat exchanger for exchanging heat with the refrigerant for the blown air blown by the blower, an inside / outside air adjusting device for adjusting the ratio of the inside air to the outside air contained in the blown air, and a blowout blown from the blowout port
- the blower is operated with the electric compressor stopped, and at least air containing outside air is blown into the vehicle interior.
- a first air blow control unit for controlling the operation of the inside / outside air adjusting device.
- Tao is a temperature close to Tam
- the electric compressor is stopped and air containing outside air is blown by the blower, so that the blown air can be brought to a temperature close to Tao while reducing power consumption.
- the user's comfort is not significantly reduced even if the blown air temperature slightly deviates from Tao, rather than adjusting the blown air temperature with high accuracy so that it matches Tao. This prioritizes a reduction in power consumption of the compressor.
- an electric vehicle system 1 is mounted on an electric vehicle.
- An electric vehicle is a vehicle including an electric drive system including a storage battery and an electric motor.
- the electric vehicle is a road traveling vehicle, a ship, or an aircraft.
- the electric vehicle can be provided by a so-called electric vehicle having only an electric drive system.
- the electric vehicle may be provided by a hybrid vehicle including an internal combustion engine system including a fuel tank and an internal combustion engine in addition to an electric drive system.
- the electric vehicle system 1 includes a high voltage battery (HVBT) 2.
- the high voltage battery 2 is a secondary battery.
- the high voltage battery 2 can be provided by a lithium ion battery or the like.
- the high voltage battery 2 supplies a relatively high voltage of several hundred volts.
- the high-voltage battery 2 is charged from a stationary wide-area power network or from a generator mounted on a vehicle.
- the electric vehicle system 1 includes a battery control unit (BTCU) 3.
- the battery control device 3 monitors charge / discharge of the high-voltage battery 2 and controls the charge / discharge.
- the electric vehicle system 1 includes an electric motor (DRMT) 4 for traveling.
- the electric motor 4 drives the drive wheels of the electric vehicle.
- the high voltage battery 2 is mainly designed to supply power to the electric motor 4.
- the electric vehicle system 1 includes a high voltage device (HVDV) 5 mounted on the electric vehicle.
- the high-voltage device 5 does not include the electric motor 4 for traveling.
- the high voltage device 5 is a device having a rated voltage suitable for power supply from the high voltage battery 2.
- the electric vehicle system 1 includes a converter (CONV) 6 and a low voltage battery (LVBT) 7.
- the converter 6 converts the power supplied from the high voltage battery 2 and supplies it to the low voltage battery 7.
- Converter 6 charges low voltage battery 7.
- the converter 6 is also one of the high voltage devices 5.
- the low voltage battery 7 is a secondary battery having a relatively low voltage.
- the low voltage battery 7 supplies a voltage of about 10 volts, for example, 12 volts or 24 volts.
- the low voltage battery 7 is charged from the high voltage battery 2 via the converter 6.
- the electric vehicle system 1 includes a plurality of low-voltage devices (LVDV) 8.
- the plurality of low-voltage devices 8 operate at a voltage lower than the voltage of the high-voltage battery 2.
- the plurality of low voltage devices 8 are operated by electric power supplied from the low voltage battery 7.
- the plurality of low-pressure devices 8 include most devices of the air conditioner 20 described later. Only the electric compressor 41 of the air conditioner 20 is not included in the low-pressure device 8.
- the electric vehicle system 1 can include a vehicle windshield 9.
- the windshield 9 is installed in front of the driver of the vehicle.
- the windshield 9 is also called a windshield.
- the electric vehicle system 1 includes a window heater (WDSH) 10 provided on the windshield 9.
- the window heater 10 is an electrical heater device that is provided on the windshield 9 and can directly heat the windshield 9.
- the window heater 10 can be provided by a heating wire laid on the windshield 9 or a transparent heating element attached to the windshield 9.
- the window heater 10 is one of the low-voltage devices 8 and is supplied with power from the low-voltage battery 7.
- the window heater 10 is an element that can exert a heating function for the windshield 9 even when the electric compressor is stopped.
- the window heater 10 is the only heating element that can heat the windshield 9 directly.
- the window heater 10 directly suppresses the fogging of the windshield 9 by directly raising the temperature of the windshield 9.
- the electric vehicle system 1 includes a vehicle air conditioner (AIRC) 20.
- the window heater 10 can be considered as one component of the air conditioner 20.
- the air conditioner 20 includes an air conditioning unit (HVAC) 21.
- HVAC air conditioning unit
- the air conditioning unit 21 is also referred to as an HVAC (HeatingentiVentilating and Air-Conditioning) unit.
- the air conditioning unit 21 includes a plurality of elements 22-31 for heating, blowing, and cooling the interior of the electric vehicle.
- the air conditioning unit 21 provides a duct through which air can flow toward the room.
- the inside / outside air switching device 22 selects the air to be introduced into the air conditioning unit 21.
- the inside / outside air switching device 22 can select either inside air (RCL) or outside air (FRS).
- the inside / outside air switching device 22 may adjust the ratio between the inside air and the outside air continuously or stepwise.
- the inside / outside air switching device 22 can be provided by an inside air passage, an outside air passage, and a switching damper mechanism.
- the switching damper mechanism has an opening, and either the inside air passage or the outside air passage cannot be completely closed. That is, the outside air is mixed from the opening even in the inside air mode, and the inside air is mixed from the opening even in the outside air mode.
- the inside air is air that is circulated from inside the room. Outside air is air newly introduced from the outside. When indoor heating is required, the outside air is often cooler than the inside air. For this reason, the outside air often has a lower humidity than the inside air. Also, due to the users in the room, the humidity is often lower than when there is no outside air. Therefore, the outside air can be used to reduce the humidity of the air blown from the air conditioning unit 21 or to reduce the indoor humidity.
- the inside / outside air switching device 22 switches between an outside air mode for introducing outside air from the outside and an inside air mode for circulating inside air in the room.
- the inside / outside air switching device 22 reduces the indoor humidity when the outside air mode is selected.
- the inside / outside air switching device 22 is one of humidity reducing devices that reduce the humidity in the room even when the electric compressor 41 is stopped.
- the inside / outside air switching device 22 indirectly suppresses fogging of the windshield 9 by reducing indoor humidity.
- the blower 23 generates an air flow toward the room in the air conditioning unit 21.
- the blower 23 is also called a blower fan.
- the cooling heat exchanger 24 (indoor heat exchanger) is a part of the refrigeration cycle 40 described later.
- the cooling heat exchanger 24 is an indoor heat exchanger of the refrigeration cycle 40.
- the cooling heat exchanger 24 is provided by the evaporator of the refrigeration cycle 40.
- the cooling heat exchanger 24 cools the air flowing in the air conditioning unit 21 with the refrigerant.
- a low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant flowing through the refrigeration cycle 40 flows through the cooling heat exchanger 24.
- the cooling heat exchanger 24 is disposed so as to cool the entire amount of air flowing through the air conditioning unit 21.
- the cooling heat exchanger 24 can cool the air only when the electric compressor 41 that is the high-pressure device 5 operates. Therefore, the cooling heat exchanger 24 is an air cooling element that loses the function of cooling the air when the electric compressor 41 is stopped.
- the cooling heat exchanger 24 exhibits a cooling function only when the refrigeration cycle 40 is cooled. Condensed water is generated on the surface of the cooling heat exchanger 24 while performing the cooling function. When the cooling heat exchanger 24 loses the cooling function, the condensed water evaporates and is blown out into the room.
- the cooling heat exchanger 24 is the only air cooling element in the air conditioner 20.
- the air mix damper 25 adjusts the temperature of the blown air by adjusting the ratio of hot air and cold air in the air conditioning unit 21.
- the air mix damper 25 adjusts the ratio of the amount of air that passes through the air heating element described later and the amount of air that bypasses the air heating element.
- the air mix damper 25 provides a temperature adjusting member that adjusts the temperature of the blown air.
- the heating heat exchanger 26 (indoor heat exchanger) is a part of the refrigeration cycle 40 described later.
- the heating heat exchanger 26 is an indoor heat exchanger of the refrigeration cycle 40.
- the heating heat exchanger 26 is provided by the condenser of the refrigeration cycle 40.
- the heating heat exchanger 26 heats the air flowing in the air conditioning unit 21 with the refrigerant.
- a high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant flows through the heating heat exchanger 26.
- the heating heat exchanger 26 is disposed so as to heat at least a part of the air flowing in the air conditioning unit 21.
- the heating heat exchanger 26 is one of air heating elements.
- the heating heat exchanger 26 can heat the air only when the electric compressor 41 that is the high-pressure device 5 operates. Therefore, the heat exchanger 26 for heating is an air heating element that loses the heating function for the windshield 9 when the electric compressor 41 is stopped.
- the electric heater 27 heats the air flowing through the air conditioning unit 21 and blown into the room with electric power.
- the electric heater 27 is disposed so as to heat at least a part of the air flowing in the air conditioning unit 21.
- the electric heater 27 is provided by an electric heating element.
- the electric heater is provided by a heating element called a PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) heater.
- the electric heater 27 is one of the low-pressure devices 8.
- the electric heater 27 is supplied with power from the low-voltage battery 7.
- the electric heater 27 is one of air heating elements that heats the air blown into the interior of the electric vehicle and indirectly heats the windshield 9.
- the electric heater 27 is an air heating element that can exhibit a heating function for the windshield 9 even when the electric compressor 41 is stopped.
- the electric heater 27 is one of heating elements that can indirectly heat the windshield 9.
- the electric heater 27 indirectly suppresses fogging of the windshield 9 by raising the temperature of the windshield 9.
- the blowing mode switching device 31 switches the air blowing mode from the air conditioning unit 21 to the room.
- the blowing mode switching device 31 provides a plurality of blowing modes by selectively opening and closing the plurality of blowing outlets 31a, 31b, 31c.
- the blowing mode switching device 31 can include a plurality of air passages and a plurality of damper devices that open and close the air passages.
- the blowing mode switching device 31 provides a defroster outlet (DEF) 31a, a face outlet (FC) 31b, and a foot outlet (FT) 31c.
- the blowout mode switching device 31 provides a plurality of blowout modes by combining the plurality of blowout ports 31a, 31b, and 31c.
- the air flowing through the air conditioning unit 21 is blown mainly from the defroster outlet 31a toward the windshield 9.
- the air flowing through the air conditioning unit 21 is blown out mainly from the face blowing port 31b toward the upper body of the occupant.
- the air flowing through the air conditioning unit 21 is blown out mainly from the foot outlet 31c toward the feet of the passenger.
- the air conditioner 20 includes a refrigeration cycle (CYCL) 40.
- the cooling heat exchanger 24 provides an indoor heat exchanger for cooling the refrigeration cycle 40.
- the heating heat exchanger 26 provides an indoor heat exchanger for heating the refrigeration cycle 40.
- the refrigeration cycle 40 includes at least a cooling heat exchanger 24 in order to allow at least air to be cooled.
- the refrigeration cycle 40 of this embodiment is a heat pump cycle capable of both air cooling and air heating.
- the refrigeration cycle 40 includes an electric compressor 41.
- the electric compressor 41 includes a compressor 42 and an electric motor (CPMT) 43.
- the rotating shaft of the compressor 42 is connected to the rotating shaft of the electric motor 43.
- the electric motor 43 drives the compressor 42.
- the compressor 42 is driven by the electric motor 43 to suck in the refrigerant, compress the sucked refrigerant, and discharge the compressed refrigerant.
- the electric motor 43 is one of the high-voltage devices 5.
- the electric motor 43 rotates by receiving a high voltage from the high voltage battery 2.
- the electric motor 43 is one of the loads with large power consumption among the electric loads mounted on the electric vehicle. In the illustrated example, the electric motor 43 is an electrical load having the largest power consumption after the traveling electric motor 4. Therefore, by prohibiting power feeding to the electric motor 43, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the remaining amount of the high-voltage battery 2. By prohibiting power feeding to the electric motor 43, the travel distance of the electric vehicle can be extended.
- a gas-liquid separator 44 is provided on the suction side of the compressor 42.
- the compressor 42 sucks the refrigerant from the gas / liquid separator 44.
- a heating heat exchanger 26 is provided on the discharge side of the compressor 42.
- the compressor 42 supplies a high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant to the heating heat exchanger 26.
- the heating heat exchanger 26 functions as a radiator or a condenser in the refrigeration cycle 40.
- the refrigeration cycle 40 includes an outdoor heat exchanger 45.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 45 is installed outside the electric vehicle and is configured to exchange heat with the outside air.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 45 can function as an evaporator or a radiator.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 45 is provided between the heating heat exchanger 26 and the cooling heat exchanger 24.
- the refrigerant that has flowed through the heating heat exchanger 26 is supplied to the outdoor heat exchanger 45.
- the refrigerant that has flowed through the outdoor heat exchanger 45 can be supplied to the cooling heat exchanger 24.
- a parallel circuit including a decompressor 46 and an on-off valve 47 is disposed between the heat exchanger 26 for heating and the outdoor heat exchanger 45.
- the parallel circuit provides part of the switching device in the refrigeration cycle 40.
- the decompressor 46 can be provided by an expansion valve or a capillary tube.
- the on-off valve 47 is an electromagnetic valve provided with an electromagnetic actuator.
- the refrigerant that has flowed through the heating heat exchanger 26 flows into the outdoor heat exchanger 45 through the decompressor 46 or the on-off valve 47.
- the on-off valve 47 When the on-off valve 47 is opened, the refrigerant flows through the on-off valve 47. Therefore, the refrigerant that has flowed through the heating heat exchanger 26 flows to the outdoor heat exchanger 45 while maintaining a high temperature and a high pressure.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 45 functions as a radiator.
- a series circuit including a decompressor 48 and a switching valve 49 is disposed between the outdoor heat exchanger 45 and the cooling heat exchanger 24 .
- the series circuit provides part of the switching device in the refrigeration cycle 40.
- the decompressor 48 can be provided by an expansion valve or a capillary tube.
- the switching valve 49 is an electromagnetic valve provided with an electromagnetic actuator.
- the switching valve 49 is a three-port switching valve.
- the switching valve 49 has a common port that communicates with the outdoor heat exchanger 45, a first port that communicates with the decompressor 48, and a second port that communicates with the gas-liquid separator 44.
- the second port provides a bypass passage through which the refrigerant flowing through the outdoor heat exchanger 45 can flow to the gas-liquid separator 44 without passing through the decompressor 48 and the cooling heat exchanger 24.
- the switching valve 49 selectively provides a communication state between the common port and the first port and a communication state between the common port and the second port. When the switching valve 49 communicates between the common port and the first port, the refrigerant flows through the decompressor 48 and the cooling heat exchanger 24. Therefore, the refrigerant flowing through the outdoor heat exchanger 45 is decompressed by the decompressor 48 and flows through the cooling heat exchanger 24.
- the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant evaporates in the cooling heat exchanger 24 and cools the air in the air conditioning unit 21. Therefore, when the switching valve 49 causes the refrigerant to flow through the decompressor 48, the cooling heat exchanger 24 functions as an evaporator. When the switching valve 49 communicates between the common port and the second port, the refrigerant flows bypassing the cooling heat exchanger 24. Therefore, the refrigerant that has flowed through the outdoor heat exchanger 45 is sucked into the compressor 42 via the gas-liquid separator 44 as it is. At this time, only the heat exchanger 26 for heating functions.
- the on-off valve 47 and the switching valve 49 are controlled in conjunction with each other.
- the switching valve 49 causes the refrigerant to flow through the decompressor 49 and the cooling heat exchanger 24.
- the cooling heat exchanger 24 functions as an evaporator to cool the air flowing in the air conditioning unit 21, and the heating heat exchanger 26 functions as a radiator to convert the air flowing in the air conditioning unit 21.
- Heat When the on-off valve 47 closes the air conditioning unit refrigerant, the switching valve 49 bypasses the decompressor 49 and the cooling heat exchanger 24 and allows the refrigerant to flow. At this time, the cooling heat exchanger 24 is disabled, and the heating heat exchanger 26 functions as a radiator to heat the air flowing in the air conditioning unit 21.
- the air conditioner 20 includes a control unit (ACCU) 60 for air conditioning.
- the air conditioning control device 60 constitutes a control system for controlling the air conditioning device 20.
- the air conditioning control device 60 inputs signals from a plurality of input devices including a plurality of sensors, and controls a plurality of actuators based on these signals and a preset control program.
- the air conditioning control device 60 controls a plurality of actuators related to indoor temperature control.
- the air conditioning control device 60 can control the air mix damper 25 and the blower 23 so that the room temperature Tr, which is the room temperature, matches the set temperature Tset.
- the air conditioning control device 60 can operate the electric compressor 41 within the range of the available electric energy allowed by the battery control device 3.
- the air conditioning control device 60 can control the cooling heat exchanger 24 and the heating heat exchanger 26 to a predetermined temperature state by controlling the plurality of valves 47 and 49.
- the air conditioning control device 60 controls a plurality of actuators that can directly or indirectly participate in the suppression of fogging of the windshield 9.
- the air conditioner 20 includes an operation panel (PANL) 61.
- the operation panel 61 includes a plurality of switches for operating the air conditioner 20 and a display device that indicates an operating state of the air conditioner 20. Therefore, the operation panel 61 is one of input devices and one of output devices of the control system.
- the plurality of switches are a setter for setting the set temperature Tset, an inside / outside air switch for selecting inside air or outside air, an air volume switch for setting the air volume, an air conditioner switch for selecting cooling or heating, and a blowing mode for selecting a blowing mode.
- a switch can be included.
- the blowing mode switch can include a DEF switch for selecting a defroster blowing mode from the defroster outlet 31a.
- the air conditioner 20 includes a plurality of sensors.
- the plurality of sensors includes a dew condensation sensor (FGSN) 62 that detects the relative humidity RHW on the inner surface of the windshield 9.
- the dew condensation sensor 62 provides a sensor that detects fogging of the windshield 9.
- the output signal of the dew condensation sensor 62 indicates the relative humidity RHW at the inner surface temperature of the windshield 9. Therefore, it can be said that the windshield 9 may be clouded when the relative humidity RHW output from the dew condensation sensor 62 exceeds 100%.
- the relative humidity RHW output from the dew condensation sensor 62 is less than 100%, it can be determined that the windshield 9 is not likely to be fogged. Further, when the relative humidity RHW output from the dew condensation sensor 62 greatly exceeds 100%, it can be determined that the windshield 9 is likely to be fogged.
- the air conditioning control device 60 inputs signals from, for example, a room temperature sensor that detects the room temperature Tr, a setting device that sets the set temperature Tset, and an outside air temperature sensor that detects the outside air temperature Tam.
- the air conditioning control device 60 can input signals from a solar radiation sensor that detects the amount of solar radiation and a sensor that detects the surface temperature of the heat exchange fins of the cooling heat exchanger 24.
- the air conditioning control device 60 can input a signal indicating the current operating state of the refrigeration cycle 40, that is, cooling operation or heating operation.
- the air conditioning control device 60 can input signals from a plurality of sensors that detect the refrigerant pressure and / or the refrigerant temperature in each part of the refrigeration cycle 40. For example, a signal can be input from a sensor that detects the pressure of the high-pressure refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle 40 and a sensor that detects the pressure of the low-pressure refrigerant.
- the air conditioning control device 60 calculates the target temperature Tao of the air blown out from the air outlets 31a, 31b, 31c based on the set temperature Tset, the outside air temperature Tam, the room temperature Tr, the signal from the dew condensation sensor 62, and the like.
- the target temperature Tao is set as an optimum value that matches the room temperature Tr with the set temperature Tset. For example, data representing the relationship between the set temperature Tset, the outside air temperature Tam, the room temperature Tr, and the optimum value of the target temperature Tao is stored in advance in the form of a map or the like, and the map is based on these parameters Tset, Tam, Tr.
- the target temperature Tao is calculated with reference to FIG.
- the air conditioning control device 60 includes an operation mode determination unit (OPMT) 63 that determines whether the air conditioning device 20 is operated in the cooling mode, the heating mode, or the air blowing mode.
- OPMT operation mode determination unit
- In the heating mode warm air is blown out from the foot outlet 31c and the defroster outlet 31a to heat the passenger compartment.
- In the cooling mode cool air is blown out from the face outlet 31b to cool the passenger compartment.
- In the air blowing mode with the various heaters 10 and 27 and the electric compressor 41 stopped, the outside air is blown into the vehicle interior without heat exchange, and the vehicle interior is kept at an appropriate temperature. Low outside air is introduced into the passenger compartment and blown.
- the operation mode determination unit 63 determines whether to switch to the warm air mode, the cooling mode, or the air blowing mode based on the target temperature Tao and the outside air temperature Tam. In this embodiment, the determination is made based on the map shown in FIG.
- a solid line L1 in the figure indicates a line (heating determination line) in which the outside air temperature Tam is lower than the target temperature Tao by a predetermined value (for example, 5 ° C.).
- a solid line L2 in the figure indicates a line (cooling determination line) in which the outside air temperature Tam is higher than the target temperature Tao by a predetermined value (for example, 5 ° C.).
- the amount of offset of the heating determination line L1 with respect to the reference line L matches the amount of offset of the cooling determination line L2 with respect to the reference line L.
- the operation mode determination unit 63 determines that the current mode is the blowing mode if the outside air temperature Tam and the target temperature Tao acquired at the present time are located in a region (blowing region) between the heating determination line L1 and the cooling determination line L2. To do. That is, when the temperature difference between the target temperature Tao and the outside air temperature Tam is less than a predetermined value, it is determined that the blower mode is set.
- the heating mode is determined. If it is located in a region (cooling region) on the high Tam side and the low Tao side from the cooling determination line L2, it is determined that the cooling mode.
- the air conditioning control device 60 includes a normal control unit (NRCT) 64 that controls the operation of the air conditioning device 20 in a cooling mode or a heating mode.
- NRCT normal control unit
- the normal control unit 64 performs feedback control of the components of the air conditioner 20 so that the blown air temperature becomes the target temperature Tao.
- the air conditioning control device 60 includes an air blowing control unit (VTCT) 65 that controls the operation of the air conditioning device 20 in the air blowing mode.
- VTCT air blowing control unit
- the air blowing control unit 65 controls the inside / outside air switching device to be fixed to the outside air mode in place of the feedback control by the normal control unit 64, and the various heaters 10, 27 Then, the electric compressor 41 is stopped, and the blower 23 is fixedly controlled in the operating state.
- the control provided by the air blowing control unit 65 uses only the power of the low-voltage battery 7 without using the power of the high-voltage battery 2, and suppresses the fogging of the windshield 9 and brings the room temperature Tr closer to the set temperature Tset. It is control to do.
- the battery control device 3 and the air conditioning control device 60 are provided by a microcomputer provided with a computer-readable storage medium.
- the storage medium stores a computer-readable program non-temporarily.
- the storage medium can be provided by a semiconductor memory or a magnetic disk.
- the program By being executed by the control device, the program causes the control device to function as the device described in this specification, and causes the control device to function so as to execute the control method described in this specification.
- the means provided by the control device can also be called a functional block or module that achieves a predetermined function.
- FIG. 3 shows an air conditioning process 170 for performing normal control and air blowing control.
- the air conditioning control device 60 repeatedly executes the air conditioning processing 170 at a predetermined cycle.
- step 171 the air conditioning control device 60 acquires information necessary for the air conditioning processing 170. For example, various physical quantities such as the amount of solar radiation are acquired in addition to the set temperature Tset, the outside air temperature Tam, the room temperature Tr, and the relative humidity RHW. Then, an optimum value of the target temperature Tao is calculated based on these acquired values.
- step 172 it is determined whether to switch to the heating mode, the air blowing mode, or the cooling mode based on the target temperature Tao and the outside air temperature Tam using the map of FIG. If it is determined to switch to the air blowing mode, the process proceeds to step 190, and if it is determined to be the heating mode or the cooling mode, the process proceeds to step 180.
- Step 180 provides the normal control unit 64, and the air conditioning control device 60 executes normal control.
- step 181 the air conditioning control device 60 controls the refrigeration cycle 40 including the electric compressor 41 based on the determination result of the operation mode determination unit 63. That is, if the available electric energy allowed by the battery control device 3 is sufficient to operate the electric compressor 41, the electric compressor 41 is operated at a rotation speed corresponding to the target temperature Tao.
- the switching valve 47 is operated so that the on-off valve 47 is operated so that the refrigerant flows through the decompressor 46, and the refrigerant flows by bypassing the decompressor 48 and the cooling heat exchanger 24. 49 is activated. Therefore, in the heating mode, while the dehumidification by the cooling heat exchanger 24 (cooler) is prohibited, the blown air is heated by a heater such as the heating heat exchanger 26 and various heaters 27 to heat the heater.
- the normal control unit 63 during the control (non-dehumidifying heating control) to perform the heating operation while prohibiting dehumidification may correspond to the non-dehumidifying heating control unit.
- the switching valve 47 is operated so that the refrigerant flows through the pressure reducer 48 and the cooling heat exchanger 24 while operating the on-off valve 47 so that the refrigerant flows by bypassing the pressure reducer 46. 49 is activated. Accordingly, in both the heating mode and the cooling mode, the refrigerant flows through the heating heat exchanger 26 (indoor heat exchanger). That is, the refrigeration cycle 40 does not include a refrigerant passage that bypasses the heating heat exchanger 26, and has a configuration in which the refrigerant constantly flows through the heating heat exchanger 26.
- the air conditioning control device 60 controls the inside / outside air switching device 22.
- inside air or outside air is selected according to a user's request.
- the inside / outside air switching device 22 is controlled to suppress fogging of the windshield 9 indicated by a signal from the dew condensation sensor 62.
- the inside / outside air switching device 22 is set to the inside air mode on condition that the occurrence of fogging in the windshield 9 is not detected.
- the outside air mode is set. The occurrence of fogging is detected by a signal from the dew condensation sensor 62.
- the air-conditioning control device 60 executes window heating control for heating the windshield 9.
- the window heater 10 capable of directly heating the windshield 9 is controlled.
- the window heater 10 energizes the window heater 10 to heat the windshield 9 when the occurrence of fogging is detected, and interrupts the energization to the window heater 10 when occurrence of fogging is not detected.
- step 184 the air-conditioning control device 60 adjusts the degree of heating of the air flowing in the air-conditioning unit 21 by the heating heat exchanger 26, and the temperature of the air blown out from the blowout ports 31a, 31b, 31c (blowing air) Control to adjust (temperature) is executed.
- the air mix damper 25 is controlled.
- the electric heater 27 is controlled.
- the flow rate of the medium flowing to the warm medium heat exchanger 28 is controlled.
- the blown air temperature is adjusted to the target temperature Tao, and the room temperature Tr is controlled to the set temperature Tset, thereby providing a comfortable temperature environment.
- the air conditioning control device 60 controls the blowing mode switching device 31.
- the blowing mode is selected so as to provide a comfortable environment for the user.
- the air-conditioning control device 60 controls the blowing mode switching device 31 so as to realize the blowing mode requested by the user. Further, when automatic control is required, the air conditioning control device 60 automatically selects an appropriate blowing mode according to the temperature of the blowing air, and sets the blowing mode switching device 31 so as to realize the selected blowing mode. Can be controlled.
- the air conditioning control device 60 controls the blower 23.
- the air conditioning control device 60 controls the blower 23 so as to realize the air volume requested by the user. Furthermore, when automatic control is required, the air conditioning control device 60 can automatically control the blower 23 so as to realize an air volume necessary for controlling the room temperature Tr to the set temperature Tset.
- the air conditioning control device 60 controls the display device of the air conditioning device 20.
- the air conditioning control device 60 displays the air conditioning state such as the current room temperature Tr, the set temperature Tset, the air volume, and the blowing mode on the operation panel 61.
- Step 190 provides the ventilation control part 65, and the air-conditioning control apparatus 60 performs ventilation control.
- the air blow control unit 65 may be used as an example of a first layer wind control unit.
- the first layer wind control unit blows the blower 23 in a state where the electric compressor 41 is stopped.
- the operation of the inside / outside air adjusting device is controlled so that air including at least outside air is blown into the vehicle interior.
- step 191 the air conditioning control device 60 forcibly stops the electric compressor 41 and fixes the stop OFF state. At this time, the electric compressor 41 is completely stopped. The electric compressor 41 is fixed in a stopped state without depending on the signal from the dew condensation sensor 62. Since the electric compressor 41 is continuously held in the stopped state, the discharge from the high-voltage battery 2 is suppressed. As a result, the electric power of the high voltage battery 2 can be used for the electric motor 4 for traveling.
- step 192 the air conditioning control device 60 fixes the inside / outside air switching device 22 in the outside air mode. Therefore, the air conditioning unit 21 introduces outside air having a relatively low humidity and a temperature at which the temperature difference from the target temperature Tao is less than a predetermined value.
- step 193 the various heaters 10 and 27 are forcibly stopped, and the stop OFF state is fixed. Thereby, the discharge from the high voltage battery 2 is suppressed, and as a result, the electric power of the high voltage battery 2 can be used for the electric motor 4 for traveling. Further, the air conditioning unit 21 in the air blowing mode suppresses fogging of the windshield 9 by supplying outside air that is air having a relatively low humidity toward the room.
- step 193 the air conditioning control device 60 fixes the window heater 10 to the ON state.
- the window heater 10 is fixed in the operating state without depending on the signal from the dew condensation sensor 62. Therefore, the windshield 9 is continuously heated. As a result, fogging of the windshield 9 is suppressed.
- step 193 the process proceeds to step 185.
- step 185-187 is executed after passing through step 190, control according to the stop of the electric compressor 41 is executed.
- step 185 the condition that the cooling effect by the cooling heat exchanger 24 cannot be obtained, and the condition that the heating effect by the heating heat exchanger 26 and the various heaters 10 and 27 cannot be obtained are imposed.
- the blowing mode switching device 31 is controlled.
- the target is achieved while reducing power consumption.
- Air can be air-conditioned by blowing out air at a temperature close to the temperature Tao. For this reason, the power consumption of the high voltage battery 2 is suppressed.
- the windshield 9 can be prevented from fogging by fixing to the outside air mode.
- non-dehumidifying heating control is performed in the heating mode.
- dehumidification is performed by the cooling heat exchanger 24 in the heating mode
- condensed water is supplied to the cooling heat exchanger 24 in the heating mode. It will adhere. Therefore, for example, when the heating mode is switched to the air blowing mode as the target temperature Tao decreases, the condensed water generated in the air blowing mode evaporates during the air blowing mode. As a result, the odor component flows into the room from the outlets 31a, 31b, and 31c together with the blown air along with the evaporation, causing a problem that the occupant feels a bad odor.
- the refrigeration cycle 40 has a configuration in which the cooling heat exchanger 24 and the outdoor heat exchanger 45 are connected in series, and the refrigerant constantly flows through the heating heat exchanger 26.
- the amount of refrigerant required increases and the discharge capacity required for the electric compressor 41 also increases.
- the amount of refrigerant can be reduced.
- a passage that connects the cooling heat exchanger 24 and the outdoor heat exchanger 45 in parallel is required, and a switching valve that switches the refrigerant flow to the parallel passage is required. Incurs high costs.
- the non-dehumidifying heating control is performed to eliminate the problem of bad odor.
- the advantage of eliminating the parallel connection and connecting in series is more effective than the small effect.
- the refrigeration cycle 40 having a configuration in which the cooling heat exchanger 24 and the outdoor heat exchanger 45 are connected in series is employed, the above-described merits are suitably exhibited.
- FIG. 4 shows air blowing control according to the second embodiment. Also in this embodiment, the same configuration as in FIGS. 1 and 2 is employed. In this embodiment, step 192 of the previous embodiment is eliminated and steps 294, 295, 296 are added after step 193.
- step 294 it is determined whether or not the temperature difference between the target temperature Tao and the outside air temperature Tam is equal to or greater than a predetermined value TH2. If
- the inside / outside air switching device 22 has a structure in which a part of inside air is mixed even in the outside air mode. Therefore, a part of the outside air is mixed even in the inside air mode in step 295, and a part of the inside air is mixed even in the outside air mode in step 296. In short, if
- the air blowing mode is performed if the temperature difference between the target temperature Tao and the outside air temperature Tam is less than a predetermined value (for example, 5 ° C.).
- a predetermined value for example, 5 ° C.
- the predetermined value used in this determination is referred to as a first predetermined value TH1
- the predetermined value TH2 used in the inside / outside air determination in step 294 is referred to as a second predetermined value.
- the second predetermined value TH2 is set to a value smaller than the first predetermined value.
- a part of the air conditioning control device 60 that performs the control operation in step 295 may be used as an example of the second air blowing control unit.
- the second blower control unit operates the blower 23 with the electric compressor 41 stopped, and the blown air
- the operation of the inside / outside air adjusting device is controlled so as to reduce the outside air contained in the air.
- the operation is performed in the heating mode. Then, as the room temperature Tr rises and approaches the set temperature Tset as time elapses in the heating mode operation, the target temperature Tao decreases. As a result,
- the target temperature Tao decreases and becomes
- the air flow control in the outside air mode is continued against the present embodiment, the outside air having a temperature lower than the set temperature Tset is indoors. As a result, the room temperature Tr decreases. As a result, the target temperature Tao rises to
- the heating mode and the air blowing mode are repeatedly switched, the electric compressor is frequently turned on and off, and there is a concern about deterioration of the air conditioning feeling for the occupant and promotion of wear of each component. .
- the mode is switched to the air blowing mode in which the outside air having a relatively low humidity is blown.
- the cooling mode and the air blowing mode are repeatedly switched, the electric compressor is frequently turned on and off, and there is a concern about deterioration of the air conditioning feeling for the occupant and promotion of wear of each component. .
- FIG. 5 shows an electric vehicle system according to the third embodiment.
- the refrigeration cycle 340 is a cooler cycle capable of only cooling. Also in this embodiment, the same effect as the above embodiment can be obtained.
- a warm medium heat exchanger 28 for heating the blown air with warm water is provided.
- the heat medium heat exchanger 28 heats the air that flows through the air conditioning unit 21 and is blown into the room by a cooling medium for cooling a device (HS) 29 as a heat source mounted on the vehicle.
- the heat medium heat exchanger 28 is disposed so as to heat at least a part of the air flowing in the air conditioning unit 21.
- the heat medium heat exchanger 28 is a part of a cooling system for cooling the device 29.
- the cooling medium is a heat transport fluid such as water.
- the device 29 is a device that generates heat, and is provided by, for example, an electric device, an inverter circuit, or an internal combustion engine mounted on a vehicle.
- the warm-medium heat exchanger 28 can heat the air with the heat supplied from the device 29 when the medium is circulating. Therefore, the warm-medium heat exchanger 28 can provide one of the air heating devices by itself.
- the heat medium heat exchanger 28 is an air heating element that can exhibit a heating function even when the electric compressor 41 is stopped.
- the heat medium heat exchanger 28 is one of heating elements that can indirectly heat the windshield 9.
- the warm-medium heat exchanger 28 indirectly suppresses fogging of the windshield 9 by increasing the temperature of the windshield 9.
- the cooling system including the hot medium heat exchanger 28 includes an electric medium heater 30 for heating the cooling medium.
- the medium heater 30 heats the air flowing in the air conditioning unit 21 with electric power through the warm medium heat exchanger 28.
- the medium heater 30 is disposed so as to indirectly heat at least a part of the air flowing in the air conditioning unit 21.
- the medium heater 30 is provided by an electrical heating element.
- the medium heater 30 is provided by a heating element called a PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) heater.
- the medium heater 30 is one of the high-voltage devices 5.
- the medium heater 30 is supplied with power from the high voltage battery 2. It is desirable that the medium heater 30 is turned off in the air blowing mode to reduce power consumption.
- the air conditioning feeling can be improved by reducing the change in the blown air temperature.
- the effect of reducing power consumption is greatly exhibited. That is, when heating is performed by the electric heater 30 as in this embodiment, the power consumption is extremely large compared to when heating is performed by the refrigeration cycle 40 as shown in FIG. This is because the COP (energy consumption efficiency) of the electric heater 30 is significantly lower than that of the heat pump.
- the medium heater 30 is stopped in the air blowing mode, the disadvantage of large power consumption due to the low COP can be suppressed, and the effect of reducing the power consumption is greatly exhibited. Also in the present embodiment, it is desirable to perform the non-dehumidifying heating control in the heating mode as in the first embodiment.
- switching between the inside air blowing area and other areas is determined based on the room temperature Tr instead of the outside air temperature Tam. You may do it. Further, switching between the inside air blowing area and another area may be determined based on the set temperature Tset instead of the target temperature Tao.
- switching between the blowing area and other areas may be determined based on the set temperature Tset instead of the target temperature Tao.
- the user can operate to switch between the eco mode operation and the normal mode operation.
- the air blowing mode is performed as shown in FIG. 2, and when the normal mode is selected, The air blowing mode may be prohibited and the electric compressor 41 may be operated in the entire region of FIG.
- control device can be provided by software only, hardware only, or a combination thereof.
- control device may be configured by an analog circuit.
- the heat pump cycle is provided by the refrigeration cycle 40 including the two indoor heat exchangers 24 and 26.
- a heat pump cycle that includes a single indoor heat exchanger and switches the single indoor heat exchanger between a cooling application and a heating application may be employed.
- an inversion type heat pump cycle that can switch between an operation mode in which the indoor heat exchanger is an evaporator and an operation mode in which the indoor heat exchanger is a radiator can be employed.
- the inside air mode is fixed without depending on the signal of the dew condensation sensor 62.
- the fogging may be removed by switching to the outside air mode.
- the condensation sensor 62 when operating in the inside air mode during the air blowing mode, it may be switched to the outside air mode when the condensation sensor 62 detects clouding.
- the various heaters 10, 27, and 30 in the air blowing mode are fixed in a stopped state without depending on the signal of the dew condensation sensor 62.
- the various heaters 10, 27, 30 may be turned on to remove fogging.
- the heating medium heat exchanger 28, the device 29, and the medium heater 30 shown in FIG. 5 are combined with the air conditioning system shown in FIG. 1, and the heating heat exchanger 26, the electric heater 27, and the heating medium heat exchanger 28 are air-conditioned. It may be a heating means.
- a part of the inside air is mixed in the outside air mode and a part of the outside air is mixed in the inside air mode, but 100% of the outside air is introduced in the outside air mode, and 100% of the inside air is introduced in the inside air mode.
- You may comprise as follows.
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Abstract
Description
(第1実施形態)
図1において、電動車両システム1は、電動車両に搭載されている。電動車両は、蓄電池と電動機とを備える電気的な駆動システムを含む車両である。電動車両は、道路走行車両、船舶、または航空機である。電動車両は、電気的な駆動システムだけを備えるいわゆる電気自動車によって提供することができる。電動車両は、電気的な駆動システムに加えて、燃料タンクと内燃機関と備える内燃機関システムを備えるハイブリッド車両によって提供されてもよい。
(第2実施形態)
図4は、第2実施形態に係る送風制御を示す。この実施形態でも、図1および図2と同じ構成が採用されている。この実施形態では、先行する実施形態のステップ192が廃止され、ステップ294、295、296がステップ193の後に追加されている。
(第3実施形態)
図5は、第3実施形態に係る電動車両システムを示す。この実施形態では、冷凍サイクル340は、冷房だけが可能なクーラサイクルである。この実施形態においても、上記実施形態と同様の作用効果を得ることができる。
(他の実施形態)
以上、開示された開示の好ましい実施形態について説明したが、開示された開示は上述した実施形態に何ら制限されることなく、種々変形して実施することが可能である。上記実施形態の構造は、あくまで例示であって、開示された開示の技術的範囲は限定されるものではない。
Claims (5)
- 空気を送風して吹出口(31a、31b、31c)から車室内へ前記空気を吹き出させる送風機(23)と、
電動圧縮機で冷媒を循環させる冷凍サイクル(40、340)と、
前記冷凍サイクルに設けられ、前記送風機により送風される送風空気を前記冷媒と熱交換させる室内熱交換器(24、26)と、
前記送風空気に含まれる内気と外気の割合を調節する内外気調節装置(22)と、
前記吹出口から吹き出させる吹出空気の目標温度(Tao)と外気温度(Tam)との温度差が所定値未満である場合には、前記電動圧縮機を停止させた状態で前記送風機を作動させ、かつ、少なくとも外気を含む空気が車室内へ吹き出されるよう前記内外気調節装置の作動を制御する第1送風制御部(65)と、
を備える車両用空調装置。 - 前記室内熱交換器は、前記送風空気を冷却する冷却器(24)、および前記送風空気を加熱する加熱器(26)を有しており、
前記目標温度が前記外気温度よりも高く、かつ前記温度差が前記所定値以上である場合には、前記冷却器による前記送風空気の除湿を禁止させつつ前記加熱器で前記送風空気を加熱させるように制御する非除湿暖房制御手段(63)を備える請求項1に記載の車両用空調装置。 - 前記所定値を第1所定値とし、
前記目標温度と前記外気温度との前記温度差が、前記第1所定値よりも小さい第2所定値未満である場合には、前記電動圧縮機を停止させた状態で前記送風機を作動させ、かつ、前記送風空気に含まれる外気を減量させるよう前記内外気調節装置の作動を制御する第2送風制御部(295)を備える請求項1または2に記載の車両用空調装置。 - 前記冷凍サイクルには、前記冷媒と外気とを熱交換させる室外熱交換器(45)が設けられており、
前記冷凍サイクルは、前記電動圧縮機により循環する冷媒を前記室外熱交換器に常時流通させるよう構成されている請求項1~3のいずれか1つに記載の車両用空調装置。 - 前記冷凍サイクルとは別に、前記送風空気を温水で加熱する加熱装置(28)を備える請求項4に記載の車両用空調装置。
Priority Applications (3)
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CN201380034365.XA CN104411521A (zh) | 2012-06-29 | 2013-05-21 | 车辆用空气调节装置 |
DE201311003244 DE112013003244T5 (de) | 2012-06-29 | 2013-05-21 | Fahrzeugklimatisierungsvorrichtung |
US14/411,149 US20150122472A1 (en) | 2012-06-29 | 2013-05-21 | Vehicle air-conditioning device |
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JP2012146540A JP2014008861A (ja) | 2012-06-29 | 2012-06-29 | 車両用空調装置 |
JP2012-146540 | 2012-06-29 |
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PCT/JP2013/003221 WO2014002370A1 (ja) | 2012-06-29 | 2013-05-21 | 車両用空調装置 |
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JP (1) | JP2014008861A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN104411521A (ja) |
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US10166841B2 (en) * | 2015-09-09 | 2019-01-01 | International Truck Intellectual Property Company, Llc | Vehicle climate control system |
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JP6692723B2 (ja) * | 2016-09-02 | 2020-05-13 | サンデン・オートモーティブクライメイトシステム株式会社 | 車両用空気調和装置 |
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KR102510377B1 (ko) * | 2017-04-05 | 2023-03-16 | 한온시스템 주식회사 | 차량용 열관리 시스템의 수가열식 ptc 히터 제어 방법 |
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CN109693512B (zh) * | 2018-12-13 | 2022-04-19 | 珠海广通汽车有限公司 | 一种电动汽车的空调的控制方法及电动汽车 |
JP7066645B2 (ja) * | 2019-01-23 | 2022-05-13 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 移動体用制御装置 |
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US11305610B2 (en) * | 2020-06-02 | 2022-04-19 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Thermal system control for a vehicle |
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