WO2014001423A1 - Hochdruckverfahren zur kohlendioxid-reformierung von kohlenwasserstoffen in gegenwart von iridiumhaltigen aktivmassen - Google Patents
Hochdruckverfahren zur kohlendioxid-reformierung von kohlenwasserstoffen in gegenwart von iridiumhaltigen aktivmassen Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014001423A1 WO2014001423A1 PCT/EP2013/063455 EP2013063455W WO2014001423A1 WO 2014001423 A1 WO2014001423 A1 WO 2014001423A1 EP 2013063455 W EP2013063455 W EP 2013063455W WO 2014001423 A1 WO2014001423 A1 WO 2014001423A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- range
- reforming
- catalyst
- active composition
- hydrocarbons
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 42
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 23
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 title description 15
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin-22,24-diide Chemical group [Cu+2].C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC([N-]2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3[N-]2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010987 cubic zirconia Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 17
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Ir]=O HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000457 iridium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- DANYXEHCMQHDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichloroiridium Chemical compound Cl[Ir](Cl)Cl DANYXEHCMQHDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 2
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- -1 platinum metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 description 1
- ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bipyridyl Chemical group N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910004625 Ce—Zr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010034962 Photopsia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007960 acetonitrile Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005595 acetylacetonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003849 aromatic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001924 cycloalkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000058 cyclopentadienyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NYWITVDHYCKDAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-) yttrium(3+) zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O--].[O--].[Y+3].[Zr+4] NYWITVDHYCKDAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000065 phosphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NWAHZABTSDUXMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Pt+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O NWAHZABTSDUXMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002468 redox effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000011514 reflex Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003303 ruthenium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002076 stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003738 xylenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001233 yttria-stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Y+3] RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/83—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with rare earths or actinides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/02—Boron or aluminium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/04—Alumina
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/066—Zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/002—Mixed oxides other than spinels, e.g. perovskite
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/46—Ruthenium, rhodium, osmium or iridium
- B01J23/468—Iridium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/58—Platinum group metals with alkali- or alkaline earth metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/63—Platinum group metals with rare earths or actinides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/78—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with alkali- or alkaline earth metals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/612—Surface area less than 10 m2/g
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/613—10-100 m2/g
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
- C01B3/40—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts characterised by the catalyst
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
- C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
- C01B2203/0238—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being a carbon dioxide reforming step
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
- C01B2203/1041—Composition of the catalyst
- C01B2203/1047—Group VIII metal catalysts
- C01B2203/1064—Platinum group metal catalysts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
- C01B2203/1041—Composition of the catalyst
- C01B2203/1082—Composition of support materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1205—Composition of the feed
- C01B2203/1211—Organic compounds or organic mixtures used in the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1235—Hydrocarbons
- C01B2203/1241—Natural gas or methane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a high-pressure process for carbon dioxide reforming of hydrocarbons with iridium-containing active compositions.
- the utilization of carbon dioxide as a reagent in chemical processes is of great economic and technical importance to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
- No. 6,749,828 B1 discloses a catalyst in which ruthenium was deposited on zirconium dioxide or in which ruthenium salt was added to a precipitate of zirconium-containing species.
- the catalyst leads to high yields in the conversion of reforming gas containing carbon dioxide. In addition, only small amounts of coke deposits form on the catalyst.
- the experimental examples show catalytic tests carried out at pressures of 0.98 bar and 4.9 bar. In one test (i.e., Example 6), the temperatures were 1000 ° C. Otherwise, the tests were carried out at temperatures of 780 and 800 ° C. It is further disclosed that the catalytic tests are conducted in the presence of water vapor, with a steam to carbon ratio of 0.1 to 10 being considered typical and a steam to carbon ratio of 0.4 to 4 being preferred.
- US 2005/0169835 A1 discloses a process in which reforming gas is reacted with carbon dioxide and methane on a catalyst which contains more than 50% by weight of silicon carbide in the beta form as carrier material.
- the catalyst may also comprise precious metals or nickel in a proportion of 0.1 to 10% as active components. Suitable noble metals are such as Rh, Ru, Pt or Ir and mixtures of these in question.
- US 5,753,143 discloses a catalytic process for reforming carbon dioxide in the presence of methane, which process can be carried out in the absence of water vapor.
- a zeolite is disclosed which has Rh as an active component.
- 7,166,268 B2 discloses a steam reforming process for producing hydrogen or synthesis gas, in which the catalyst has a crystalline alumina with Ce 2 O as support and ruthenium and cobalt are distributed as active components on the support.
- the process can also be used for the carbon dioxide reforming of hydrocarbons.
- EP 1 380 341 discloses a process for reforming hydrocarbons by steam reforming process.
- the active components are elements selected from the group Ru, Pt, Rh, Pd, Ir and Ni.
- the carrier for the active components comprises alumina and contains 5 to 95% by weight of manganese oxide.
- No. 7,309,480 B2 discloses and claims a catalyst for producing hydrogen which comprises a catalyst support with monoclinic zirconium oxide on which Ir is dispersed.
- One of the objects of the present invention was to provide a catalytic process for synthesis gas production which has high energy efficiency over the processes known in the art. Another object was also to provide a catalytic process by which carbon dioxide can be chemically converted.
- the object of the invention relates both to the development of a suitable catalyst and to the development of a suitable reforming process.
- the invention relates to a catalyst for CO 2 reforming of hydrocarbons, preferably methane, having an active composition which contains at least iridium as the active component and zirconium dioxide-containing carrier material, wherein a) the Ir content with respect to the zirconium dioxide-containing active composition is in a range of 0.01.
- the zirconium dioxide in the zirconium dioxide-containing carrier material is predominantly determined by X-ray diffractometric analysis in the cubic and / or the tetragonal structure is present, wherein the proportion of cubic and / or tetragonal phase> 50 wt .-%, more preferably> 70 wt .-% and particularly preferably> 90 wt .-% is.
- the zirconium dioxide-containing active composition has a specific surface area of> 5 m 2 / g, preferably> 20 m 2 / g, more preferably 50 m 2 / g and especially preferably> 80 m 2 / g.
- the specific surface area of the catalyst was determined by gas adsorption by the BET method (ISO 9277: 1995). It is particularly advantageous that the iridium is present in a finely divided form on the zirconium dioxide support, since in this way a high catalytic activity is achieved with a low content of Ir.
- the catalyst according to the invention is characterized in that the Ir is present on the zirconium dioxide-containing carrier and this is doped with further elements.
- the zirconia support it is preferable to use rare earth elements (ie, from the group Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb , Lu), group IIa (ie from the group Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba,), group IVa (ie from the group Si), group IVb (ie from the group Ti, Hf), group Vb (ie from the group V, Nb, Ta) of the Periodic Table or their oxides.
- rare earth elements ie, from the group Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb , Lu
- group IIa ie from the group Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba,
- group IVa ie from the
- doping elements may be, inter alia: platinum metals such as Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh, base metals such as Ni, Co and Fe, other metals such as Mn or other promoters known in the art.
- platinum metals such as Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh
- base metals such as Ni, Co and Fe
- other metals such as Mn or other promoters known in the art.
- the weight fraction of doping elements is in the range from 0.01 to 80% by weight, preferably in the range from 0.1 to 50 wt .-% and particularly preferably in the range of 1, 0 to 30 wt .-%.
- doping of the active composition with one or more of the above elements results in stabilization of the tetragonal or cubic phase of the zirconia.
- the ion-conducting properties or redox properties of the zirconium dioxide support are influenced by the doping. The influence of these properties on the activity of the catalyst for the reforming of methane in the presence of CO2 at high temperatures, high pressures and very low steam to methane ratios appear significant.
- the active composition according to the invention is characterized in that it in addition to iridium and zirconium dioxide yttrium as another Containing doping element, wherein the yttrium is present in oxidic form.
- the yttrium oxide content based on ZrC "2 is preferably in the range from 0.01 to 80% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 50% by weight and more preferably from 1 to 30% by weight Yttrium doping stabilizes the cubic or tetragonal phase of ZrC "2.
- the active composition according to the invention is characterized in that, in addition to iridium and zirconium dioxide, it additionally contains two elements from the group of the rare earths as doping elements.
- the content of doping elements with respect to the content of ZrC "2 is preferably in the range of 0.01-80% by weight, preferably 0.1-50% by weight and more preferably 1.0-30% by weight. It is particularly preferred to use lanthanum (La) and cerium (Ce) as doping elements.
- the phase fraction of the cubic or tetragonal zirconium dioxide phase is overall preferably> 60% by weight, more preferably> 70% by weight and still more preferably> 80 It has surprisingly been found that the catalysts according to the invention, in which the iridium is deposited on zirconium dioxide and the zirconium dioxide predominantly has a tetravalonal and / or cubic structure, have significantly longer service lives and improved resistance to coking than corresponding catalysts , which have other precious metal-containing active components or corresponding catalysts in which iridiumh old species is in contact with zirconia which has a monoclinic structure.
- catalysts according to the invention which contain lr / ZrÜ2 active compositions in which the zirconium dioxide has a doping with yttrium or else a doping with lanthanum and / or cerium.
- the active compounds according to the invention which are used for the process according to the invention also contain promoters and / or further metal cations, which further increase the efficiency of the catalysts.
- the catalyst according to the invention or the active composition contains at least one noble metal-containing promoter from the group Pt, Rh, Pd, Ru, Au, the proportion of noble metal-containing promoters in relation to the catalyst being 0.01-5% by weight. % and more preferably in the range of 0.1 to 3 wt .-%.
- the catalyst comprises at least one non-noble metal-containing promoter from the group Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Mo, W, the proportion of non-noble metal-containing promoter noble metal-containing promoters based on the weight of the catalyst in the range of 0.1 to 50 wt .-%, preferably in the range of 0.5 to 30 wt .-% and more preferably in the range 1 to 20 wt .-%.
- the catalyst also comprises a proportion of further metal cations, which are preferably selected from the group Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ga, Be, Cr, Mn, with Ca and Mg being particularly preferred.
- the components present in the catalyst of the invention i. the said noble metals, alkaline earth metals, doping elements, promoters and support materials can be present in elemental and / or oxidic form.
- the catalyst according to the invention can be prepared by impregnating the support material with the individual components.
- the active components are applied to powdered carrier material, which is then at least partially kneaded and extruded.
- the active composition is produced by co-precipitation of active component and zirconium-containing species in conjunction with a thermal treatment process.
- a thermal treatment process it is possible that the zirconium-containing species only in the zirconium during the thermal treatment dioxide with the cubic and / or tetragonal structure is converted.
- Further examples of synthetic methods are flame pyrolytic processes or plasma processes.
- the preferred solvents used include the following: water, acidic or alkaline aqueous solutions, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, ketones such as acetone or methyl ethyl ketone, aromatic solvents such as toluene or xylenes, aliphatic solvents such as Cyclohexane or n-hexane, ethers and polyethers such as tetrahydrofuran, di-ethyl ether or di-glyme, esters such as methyl acetate or ethyl acetate.
- soluble salts include halides, carbonyls, acetates, nitrates, carbonates.
- complex compounds include bipyridyl complexes, acetonitrile complexes, carbonyl complexes, complexes with amino acids or amines, complexes with polyols or polyacids, complexes with phosphenes.
- organometallic compounds include acetylacetonates, alcoholates, amides, alkyl compounds, cyclopentadienyls and cycloalkanes.
- sols with colloidal particles in metallic or oxidic form are also used as starting materials.
- the catalyst comprises an active composition containing a yttria-stabilized zirconia and iridium-containing active component, wherein the iridium-containing active component is in finely dispersed form and the iridium-containing particles have a size ⁇ 30 nm, preferably ⁇ 20 nm and more preferably ⁇ 10 nm.
- the present invention also relates to a process for the preparation of the catalyst according to the invention, wherein at least one noble metal, more preferably iridium, is applied to the support material containing cubic and / or tetragonal zirconia and at least one doping element from the group of rare earths, particularly preferably yttrium ,
- the active component - and optionally the promoters and other metal cations - at least partially applied to a powdery carrier material, kneaded and then extruded.
- the kneading and extrusion of the carrier material with the active components is carried out with devices which are known in the art.
- moldings from powdery raw materials can be carried out by methods known to those skilled in the art, such as tableting, aggregation or extrusion, as they are u. a. in the Handbook of Heterogenous Catalysis, Vol. 1, VCH Verlagsgesellschaft Weinheim, 1997, pp. 414-417.
- auxiliaries can be added to the synthesis system.
- the addition of the auxiliaries can be carried out, for example, during shaping or when the active component is applied to the support.
- adjuvants for example, binders, lubricants and / or solvents can be used.
- the adjuvants added to the synthesis system are then converted by thermal treatment into the other constituents which can form additives.
- the additives are oxidic materials, some of which act as binding sites and thereby contribute to increasing the mechanical stability of the molding or of the individual particles.
- the binders may include, for example, aluminum hydroxide-containing, silicon hydroxide-containing or magnesium hydroxide-containing species.
- the iridium-containing active composition can also be applied to a carrier, monolith or honeycomb body.
- the monolith or honeycomb body may be made of metal or ceramic.
- the impression of the active composition or the application of the active composition on a carrier or carrier bodies is of great industrial importance for the fields of application of the catalyst according to the invention.
- the shape of the particles has an effect on the pressure drop which is caused by the fixed catalyst bed.
- the present invention relates to a high-pressure catalytic process for the carbon dioxide reforming of hydrocarbons, preferably methane, for the production of synthesis gas, which is characterized in that:
- the C02-containing reforming gas is brought into contact with an iridium-containing active composition, wherein the total content of hydrocarbons, preferably CH 4 and CO2 in the reforming gas greater than 80 vol .-%, preferably greater than 85 vol .-% and more preferably greater than 90 vol.%,
- the GHSV of the process has a value in the range of 500 to 100,000 hr 1 , preferably in the range of 500 to 50,000 hr 1 ,
- the synthesis gas produced has a H2 / CO ratio in the range of 0.4 to 1.8, more preferably in the range of 0.5 to 1.4, and most preferably in the range of 0.8 to 1.2.
- the iridium-containing active composition is characterized in that the iridium is present in conjunction with zirconium dioxide and the Ir content based on Zr02 in the range of 0.01 to 10 wt .-%, preferably from 0.05 to 5 wt .-% and more preferably from 0.1 to 1 wt .-% is.
- the active composition contains zirconium dioxide as a carrier material, wherein the zirconium dioxide predominantly cubic and / or tetragonal structure and the proportion of cubic and / or tetragonal phase> 50 wt .-%, more preferably> 70 wt. -% and particularly preferably> 90 wt .-% is.
- Characteristic of the catalyst according to the invention and the process according to the invention is a high activity with regard to the carbon dioxide reforming of hydrocarbons, preferably methane, in the presence of CO 2.
- Another characteristic of the process according to the invention is the excellent stability against coking under very harsh reaction conditions.
- the active composition comprises, in addition to iridium and zirconium dioxide, at least one doping element from the group of the rare earths (Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu), particularly preferably yttrium, wherein the content based on ZrC "2 in the range of 0.01 to 80 wt .-%, preferably from 0.1 to 50 wt .-% and more preferably from 1 , 0-30% by weight.
- the rare earths Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu
- the content based on ZrC "2 in the range of 0.01 to 80 wt .-%, preferably from 0.1 to 50 wt .-% and more preferably from 1 , 0-30% by weight.
- the catalyst used in the process according to the invention may additionally contain noble metal-containing promoters, non-noble metal-containing promoters and further metal cations.
- the noble metal promoters are selected from the group Pt, Rh, Pd, Ru, Au, wherein based on the weight of the catalyst, the proportion of noble metal-containing promoters in the range of 0.01 to 5 wt.% And more preferably in the range of 0.1. 3% by weight.
- the non-noble metal-containing promoters are selected from the group of Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Mo, W, wherein based on the weight of the catalyst, the proportion of non-noble metal-containing promoters based on the weight of the catalyst in the range of 0.1 to 50 wt.%, preferably in the range from 0.5 to 30% by weight and more preferably in the range from 1 to 20% by weight.
- the metal cations are preferably one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ga, Be, Cr and Mn, with Ca and / or Mg being particularly preferred.
- the process according to the invention can be carried out with a reactant fluid which has small amounts of water vapor or no water vapor.
- the water vapor / carbon content in the reforming gas is less than 0.2, more preferably less than 0.1, and even more preferably less than 0.05.
- a reforming gas is used which is substantially anhydrous or contains no water.
- the iridium-containing active component is exposed to a strong physical and chemical stress, as the process is at a temperature in the range of 600 to 1200 ° C, preferably 850 to 1100 ° C and more preferably in the range of 850 to 950 C., the process pressure being in the range from 5 to 500 bar, preferably in the range from 10 to 250 bar and further preferred example, in the range of 20 to 100 bar.
- the process is characterized by very harsh process conditions, the coke deposition on the catalyst can largely be excluded by the specific properties of the material according to the invention, which is also an advantage of the process according to the invention.
- the catalyst (S2) according to the invention 198 g of yttrium-stabilized zirconium dioxide were impregnated with aqueous iridium chloride solution. Firstly, 3.84 g of IrCl 4 * H 2 O were dissolved in 20 ml of distilled water to make the iridium chloride solution and the solution was made up with water. The amount of water was chosen so as to be able to fill with the solution 90% of the free pore volume of the carrier oxide. The free pore volume was 0.2 cm 3 / g.
- the yttrium-stabilized zirconia had an yttria (Y 2 O 3) content of 8 wt% and was present as a grit having a particle size in the range of 0.5-1.0 mm.
- the grit of stabilized carrier oxide was placed in a trough drum and spray-impregnated while circulating with the iridium chloride solution. After soaking, the material was circulated for a further 10 minutes and then dried for 16 hours at 120 ° C. in a circulating air drying cabinet. The calcination of the dried material was carried out at 550 ° C for two hours.
- the resulting iridium-containing catalyst S2 had an iridium content of 1.0 g of iridium per 100 g of catalyst.
- the platinum-containing comparative catalyst VB5 was prepared by the same method as the iridium catalyst S2, wherein as a carrier oxide, a cerium / lanthanum-doped zirconia was used.
- the carrier oxide had a free pore volume of 0.21 cm 3 / g and a rare earth content of La and Ce oxide of 22 wt .-%.
- 100 g of carrier oxide was used, which was in the form of a chippings having a particle size in the range of 0.5 to 1, 0 mm.
- 6.37 g of platinum nitrate salt (containing 15.7% by weight of platinum) were dissolved in water and the solution was then sprayed onto the carrier oxide in a spray drum.
- the comparative catalyst VB5 obtained after the impregnation had a Pt content of 1.0 g Pt / 100 g catalyst.
- FIG. 1 shows the X-ray diffractogram taken on catalyst sample S2 prior to the reduction treatment.
- the upper part of the figure is an enlargement of the angle range from 25 ° 2Tetheta to 65 ° 2Theta, to emphasize the reflections, which are attributable to the iridium-containing phase.
- FIG. 2 shows the X-ray diffraction pattern recorded on catalyst sample S3 in the unreduced form, in which no reflections of an iridium oxide-containing phase are to be found.
- the mean particle size of the iridium particles was determined on the basis of the evaluation of the X-ray diffractograms.
- catalyst prep S2 which was loaded with 1 wt% iridium (stabilized with yttrium), the iridium oxide particles (IrO 2) had an average crystallite size of 8.0 nm.
- An evaluation of the XRD data shown in FIG. 1 followed. The iridium particles were present in the oxidic form, since XRD analyzes were carried out on the catalysts in the unreduced form. The evaluation of the diffractogram shown in FIG. 2 showed that no iridium oxide phase could be detected. This proves that the iridium particles are smaller than 1 or 2 nm, since otherwise corresponding reflexes would have to be found in the XRD.
- the XRD analyzes were performed on a Bruker / AXS D8 Advance Series 2 using CuK alpha source (with a wavelength of 0.154 nm at 40 kV and 40 mA) and theta-2 theta geometry (Bragg-Brentano geometry). performed in reflection mode. The measurements were made over the measuring range: 5-80 ° (2Theta), 0.02 ° increments at 4.8 seconds / step.
- the structural analysis software TOPAS (Bruker AXS) was used to determine the mean crystallite sizes of the individual phases.
- Catalytic Investigations Catalytic studies for the reforming of a hydrocarbon-containing gas in the presence of CO2 were carried out by means of a catalyst bench equipped with six parallel reactors. To prepare the investigations, the individual reactors were each filled with 20 ml of catalyst sample. An overview of the catalytic tests carried out is shown in Tables 2 and 3. First, the reactors filled with the catalysts were heated in a controlled manner under a carrier gas atmosphere of 25 ° C to the target temperature. As a carrier gas was Used nitrogen. (It is conceivable to carry out the heating in the presence of a reducing gas atmosphere.) For heating the reactors, a heating rate of 10 ° C./min was selected. After the reactors with the catalysts were stored for 0.5 h at the target temperature in a nitrogen stream, they were exposed to the reforming gas.
- the individual samples were exposed to a sequence of different test conditions.
- the catalysts were stored at 950 ° C and the water vapor content of the reforming gas was gradually reduced from 10% by volume to 0% by volume.
- the tests carried out at 950 ° C. in the presence of 10% by volume and 0% by volume of steam are marked with the suffix c1 and c2 (ie c1 corresponds to 10% by volume of water vapor at 950 ° ° C and c2 corresponds to 0% by volume of water vapor at 950 ° C.)
- the samples which were tested at 850 ° C. in the presence of 0% by volume of steam are identified in Table 3 with the suffix c3.
- the samples were subjected to a lower load than at test conditions in the absence of water vapor in the reactant fluid (c2 and c3).
- the catalysts of Examples S1 to S4 according to the invention which were used in connection with the process according to the invention and which were tested in the presence of 10% by volume and finally 0% by volume of steam, showed no deactivation and a very high conversion of CO2 and CH4. It is noteworthy that under the very demanding conditions, the catalysts according to the invention showed a high catalytic activity and were maintained for a very long time of more than 485 hours (cumulative), as shown by the test results of catalyst S3 (Table 4). clearly visible.
- the catalysts recovered from the reactors were subjected to coke analyzes. It could be demonstrated that the catalysts of the invention had no coke deposits even after the catalytic tests. As a result, the high coking resistance of the catalysts according to the invention could be demonstrated.
- Table 1 shows a summary of the compositions of the active compositions tested and the metal content.
- Table 2 gives a representation of the composition of the product stream obtained in the C0 2 reforming of CH4 under different experimental conditions with respect to the water vapor content.
- the reforming gas used had an equimolar ratio of CH4 and C0 2 and 5% by volume of argon as an internal standard. All experiments were carried out at a temperature of 950 ° C and reactor pressure of 20 bar. The values marked “Start” were recorded directly at the beginning of each experiment, and the "End” values were recorded after 43 hours of TOS (Time-On-Stream). The mark ( * ) indicates that coke deposits formed on the samples as the water vapor content decreased causing blockage / failure of the reactor.
- Table 3 shows the results obtained by examining catalyst samples S2 and VB5 under test conditions c3. The values marked “Start” were recorded directly at the beginning of each experiment, and the “End” values were recorded after 43 hours of TOS (Time-On-Stream). The catalytic measurements were carried out at 850 ° C.
- Table 4 shows the results achieved (.-% H 2 0 10 Vol), and c2 (0 vol .-% H2O) in the study of catalyst sample S3 by each 235h and 254h TOS (Time On Stream) at test conditions d were.
- the catalytic measurements were carried out at a temperature of 950 ° C and a pressure of 20 bar.
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Abstract
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RU2015102717A RU2015102717A (ru) | 2012-06-29 | 2013-06-27 | Способ углекислотного риформинга углеводородов при высоком давлении в присутствии содержащих иридий |
EP13733270.6A EP2866930A1 (de) | 2012-06-29 | 2013-06-27 | Hochdruckverfahren zur kohlendioxid-reformierung von kohlenwasserstoffen in gegenwart von iridiumhaltigen aktivmassen |
CN201380044868.5A CN104619413A (zh) | 2012-06-29 | 2013-06-27 | 在含铱活性物质存在下将烃二氧化碳重整的高压方法 |
KR1020157002325A KR20150028329A (ko) | 2012-06-29 | 2013-06-27 | 이리듐-함유 활성 물질의 존재 하에서 탄화수소의 이산화탄소 개질을 위한 고압 공정 |
JP2015519083A JP2015525668A (ja) | 2012-06-29 | 2013-06-27 | イリジウム含有活性物質の存在下における炭化水素の二酸化炭素改質のための高圧方法 |
CA2877956A CA2877956A1 (en) | 2012-06-29 | 2013-06-27 | High-pressure process for carbon dioxide reforming of hydrocarbons in the presence of iridium-containing active masses |
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KR (1) | KR20150028329A (de) |
CN (1) | CN104619413A (de) |
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Cited By (7)
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JP2016160136A (ja) * | 2015-03-02 | 2016-09-05 | 株式会社ノリタケカンパニーリミテド | セリアジルコニア複合酸化物粒子とその製造方法 |
US10512896B2 (en) * | 2015-03-05 | 2019-12-24 | Shell Oil Company | Methane oxidation catalyst, process to prepare the same and method of using the same |
RU2719176C1 (ru) * | 2019-09-13 | 2020-04-17 | федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Российский государственный университет нефти и газа (национальный исследовательский университет) имени И.М. Губкина" | Способ получения синтез-газа |
US11173473B2 (en) | 2016-08-31 | 2021-11-16 | Shell Oil Company | Methane oxidation catalyst, process to prepare the same and method of using the same |
US11219889B2 (en) | 2016-08-31 | 2022-01-11 | Shell Oil Company | Methane oxidation catalyst, process to prepare the same and method of using the same |
WO2024003354A1 (en) | 2022-07-01 | 2024-01-04 | Basf Se | Cobalt-based catalyst for the conversion of hydrocarbons to synthesis gas |
WO2024003347A1 (en) | 2022-07-01 | 2024-01-04 | Basf Se | Cobalt- and strontium-based catalyst for the conversion of hydrocarbons to synthesis gas |
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US20170354962A1 (en) * | 2014-12-01 | 2017-12-14 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Synthesis of trimetallic nanoparticles by homogeneous deposition precipitation, and application of the supported catalyst for carbon dioxide reforming of methane |
ES2700900B2 (es) | 2016-08-05 | 2021-02-08 | Korea Advanced Inst Sci & Tech | Catalizador de reformado seco que usa un soporte de oxido metalico y procedimiento para preparar gas de sintesis usando el mismo |
CN108940381A (zh) * | 2017-05-27 | 2018-12-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种四方相氧化锆载体、含有该载体的催化剂及其在甲烷干重整反应中的应用 |
CN109718799A (zh) * | 2017-10-31 | 2019-05-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 负载型催化剂及其制备方法和应用及甲烷干重整制合成气的方法 |
GB2568564B (en) | 2018-07-17 | 2020-01-01 | Omnagen Ltd | Carbon dioxide conversion using combined fuel cell and electrolysis cell |
CN114713223A (zh) * | 2021-01-04 | 2022-07-08 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一步制备四方相氧化锆的方法及其担载铜基催化剂和应用 |
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- 2013-06-27 KR KR1020157002325A patent/KR20150028329A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2013-06-27 RU RU2015102717A patent/RU2015102717A/ru unknown
- 2013-06-27 CN CN201380044868.5A patent/CN104619413A/zh active Pending
- 2013-06-27 WO PCT/EP2013/063455 patent/WO2014001423A1/de active Application Filing
- 2013-06-27 CA CA2877956A patent/CA2877956A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-06-27 EP EP13733270.6A patent/EP2866930A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2013-06-27 JP JP2015519083A patent/JP2015525668A/ja active Pending
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Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2016160136A (ja) * | 2015-03-02 | 2016-09-05 | 株式会社ノリタケカンパニーリミテド | セリアジルコニア複合酸化物粒子とその製造方法 |
US10512896B2 (en) * | 2015-03-05 | 2019-12-24 | Shell Oil Company | Methane oxidation catalyst, process to prepare the same and method of using the same |
US11173473B2 (en) | 2016-08-31 | 2021-11-16 | Shell Oil Company | Methane oxidation catalyst, process to prepare the same and method of using the same |
US11219889B2 (en) | 2016-08-31 | 2022-01-11 | Shell Oil Company | Methane oxidation catalyst, process to prepare the same and method of using the same |
RU2719176C1 (ru) * | 2019-09-13 | 2020-04-17 | федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Российский государственный университет нефти и газа (национальный исследовательский университет) имени И.М. Губкина" | Способ получения синтез-газа |
WO2024003354A1 (en) | 2022-07-01 | 2024-01-04 | Basf Se | Cobalt-based catalyst for the conversion of hydrocarbons to synthesis gas |
WO2024003347A1 (en) | 2022-07-01 | 2024-01-04 | Basf Se | Cobalt- and strontium-based catalyst for the conversion of hydrocarbons to synthesis gas |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR20150028329A (ko) | 2015-03-13 |
CN104619413A (zh) | 2015-05-13 |
RU2015102717A (ru) | 2016-08-20 |
CA2877956A1 (en) | 2014-01-03 |
JP2015525668A (ja) | 2015-09-07 |
EP2866930A1 (de) | 2015-05-06 |
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