WO2014000377A1 - 插拔销机构及其缸头、插销式伸缩臂和起重机 - Google Patents

插拔销机构及其缸头、插销式伸缩臂和起重机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014000377A1
WO2014000377A1 PCT/CN2012/085808 CN2012085808W WO2014000377A1 WO 2014000377 A1 WO2014000377 A1 WO 2014000377A1 CN 2012085808 W CN2012085808 W CN 2012085808W WO 2014000377 A1 WO2014000377 A1 WO 2014000377A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pin
arm
cylinder
cylinder head
guide
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PCT/CN2012/085808
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
任利有
黄丰杰
李建
Original Assignee
湖南三一智能控制设备有限公司
三一汽车起重机械有限公司
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Application filed by 湖南三一智能控制设备有限公司, 三一汽车起重机械有限公司 filed Critical 湖南三一智能控制设备有限公司
Publication of WO2014000377A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014000377A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/62—Constructional features or details
    • B66C23/64—Jibs
    • B66C23/70—Jibs constructed of sections adapted to be assembled to form jibs or various lengths
    • B66C23/701—Jibs constructed of sections adapted to be assembled to form jibs or various lengths telescopic
    • B66C23/708—Jibs constructed of sections adapted to be assembled to form jibs or various lengths telescopic locking devices for telescopic jibs

Definitions

  • Plug and pin mechanism and its cylinder head, bolt type telescopic arm and crane This application is submitted to the Chinese Patent Office on June 27, 2012, the application number is 201210213807.4, and the invention name is "plug and pin mechanism and its cylinder head, plug type".
  • TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to the field of engineering machinery, and in particular to a plug pin mechanism in a crane pin telescopic arm and a cylinder head of the mechanism, and a telescopic arm with the pin mechanism and a telescopic arm with the same crane.
  • the telescopic arm has only one telescopic cylinder, and the movable end of the telescopic cylinder is provided with a cylinder head, and two cylinder pins are provided on opposite sides of the cylinder head.
  • the central axes of the two cylinder pins are coplanar with the central axis of the telescopic cylinder, and the telescopic cylinder can selectively lock or release the relative position of any of the telescopic arms when the cylinder pins are extended or retracted. .
  • an arm pin is disposed between the adjacent telescopic arms and between the basic arm and the first telescopic arm, and the arm pin is disposed on the top side of the arm, between the adjacent telescopic arms and the basic arm and The relative position between the first section telescopic arms can be selectively locked or released by the arm pins.
  • the telescopic cylinder can be first locked with the last telescopic arm, and at the same time, the telescopic arm and the penultimate telescopic arm are released by the retracting arm pin, and the telescopic cylinder can take the telescopic arm out; the telescopic arm reaches the predetermined position. Then re-lock it with the penultimate section telescopic arm, retract the telescopic cylinder and lock it with the penultimate section telescopic arm, and then release the penultimate section telescopic arm and the penultimate section of the telescopic arm.
  • the telescopic cylinder can take out the penultimate section of the telescopic arm, and so on, the extension of each section of the telescopic arm can be realized.
  • the insertion and removal of the cylinder pin and the arm pin are generally controlled by two sets of cylinders.
  • a fork, a dovetail groove and the like are generally adopted to ensure that the cylinder pin cylinder and the arm pin cylinder cannot simultaneously operate. That is, when the piston rod of the arm pin cylinder moves downward, the dovetail groove structure and the fork move downward together, and the cylinder pin is locked while the arm pin is unlocked, thereby preventing the cylinder pin from misoperation. Work.
  • the present invention is directed to a plug-and-pin mechanism, a cylinder head, a pin-type telescopic arm, and a crane, to solve the processing technology of the conventional plug-and-pin mechanism due to the excessive complexity of the cylinder head structure.
  • the problem of excessive installation accuracy is due to the cylinder head structure.
  • the cylinder head is provided with a guiding mechanism for guiding the movement of the arm pin push rod and the cylinder pin; the guiding mechanism is connected to the driving mechanism.
  • the guiding mechanism comprises:
  • a first guiding rod disposed on the arm pin push rod for guiding the arm pin push rod movement
  • a second guiding rod disposed on the cylinder pin for guiding the cylinder pin movement
  • a guiding hole disposed on the cylinder head, for guiding a moving direction of the first guiding link and the second guiding link;
  • the trough plate is slidably disposed on the cylinder head, and the movement distance of the first guide rod and the second guide rod is controlled by a groove provided thereon.
  • the grooved plate is provided with a first guiding groove for controlling the movement of the first guiding rod and a second guiding groove for controlling the movement of the second guiding rod;
  • the first guiding slot and the second guiding slot comprise a synchronization segment and an asynchronous segment, wherein the synchronization segment, the first guiding slot and the second guiding slot respectively control the first guiding rod and the second guiding rod to synchronously move;
  • the first guiding groove controls the first guiding rod to continue moving to the predetermined position
  • the second guiding groove controls the second guiding rod to stop moving.
  • first guiding groove and the second guiding groove are arc-shaped slots with a predetermined curvature.
  • the cylinder pin is provided with a shaft hole, The arm pin push rod is coaxial with the cylinder pin;
  • the arm pin push rod is inserted into the cylinder pin and is provided with a telescopic portion that can extend out of the cylinder pin hole.
  • the trough plate is further provided with an interlocking block for locking the trough plate.
  • the present invention also provides a plug pin mechanism, comprising: a stretch cylinder disposed in the telescopic arm, the movable end of the telescopic cylinder is provided with a cylinder head;
  • An arm pin slidably disposed on a side wall of the tail of the telescopic arm for locking with another telescopic arm when the slide is extended;
  • the fixed shaft is hinged to the side wall of the telescopic arm, one end of which is connected to the arm pin, and the other end is pushed by the arm pin push rod to unlock the arm pin;
  • the cylinder head is the cylinder head described above, wherein the arm pin push rod of the cylinder head realizes the unlocking of the arm pin by pushing the swing rod.
  • the returning mechanism is a spring disposed around a circumferential direction of the arm pin for maintaining the arm pin in an extended locking state; the swinging rod is connected to the arm pin A stopper for blocking the return of the grooved plate is also connected.
  • the present invention provides a latch type telescopic arm, comprising: a basic arm and at least one telescopic arm sleeved in the basic arm, and any of the telescopic arms is provided with any one of claims 7 to 8.
  • a latch type telescopic arm comprising: a basic arm and at least one telescopic arm sleeved in the basic arm, and any of the telescopic arms is provided with any one of claims 7 to 8.
  • the present invention also provides a crane provided with the above-described pin type telescopic arm.
  • the invention provides a plug pin mechanism and a cylinder head thereof, a pin telescopic arm and a crane, and an unlocked arm pin push rod; the arm pin push rod is coaxial with the cylinder pin and the arm pin push rod is sleeved inside the cylinder pin;
  • the cylinder head is provided with a guiding mechanism for guiding the movement of the arm pin push rod and the cylinder pin, and the guiding mechanism is connected to the driving mechanism.
  • DRAWINGS 1 is a schematic structural view of a cylinder of a plug-and-pin mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a partial structural view of the first state of FIG. 1 applied to the plug-and-pin mechanism
  • FIG. 3 is a plug-out pin of FIG. Schematic diagram of the organization in another perspective
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the first state in which the plug pin mechanism is applied to the telescopic arm;
  • FIG. 5 is a partial structural view of the second state of FIG. 1 applied to the plug pin mechanism;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of the second state in which the insertion pin mechanism is applied to the telescopic arm;
  • FIG. 8 is a partial structural view of the third state after the application of the insertion pin mechanism to FIG. 1;
  • Figure 10 is a schematic structural view showing a state in which the insertion pin mechanism is applied to the telescopic arm in a third state;
  • Figure 11 is a partial cross-sectional view of Figure 9;
  • Figure 12 is a partial exploded view of Figure 1 after being applied to the plug pin mechanism
  • Figure 13 is a perspective view of the insertion and removal pin mechanism applied to the telescopic arm.
  • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that the description and description of specific structures in this section are merely illustrative of specific embodiments and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
  • the present invention provides a cylinder head 1 of a plug pin mechanism, and a cylinder pin 2 for locking with the telescopic arm 100 and an arm pin push rod 7 for unlocking the push arm pin 5 are provided on both sides of the cylinder head 1;
  • the head 1 is provided with a guide mechanism for guiding the movement of the arm pin push rod 7 and the cylinder pin 2, and the guide mechanism is coupled to the drive mechanism.
  • the drive mechanism can use a separate drive cylinder or other drive mechanism, and the same drive mechanism can simultaneously drive the cylinder pin and the arm pin push rod through the guide mechanism to achieve interlocking.
  • the invention eliminates the structure of the arm pin cylinder, the dovetail groove structure and the fork on the cylinder head 1 to make the structure of the cylinder head 1 more compact; the mechanical failure of the cylinder head 1 is reduced; the cylinder is driven by the guiding mechanism
  • the interlocking of the pin 2 and the arm pin push rod 7 improves the reliability of the interlock mechanism; the manufacturing difficulty and the processing cost of the cylinder head 1 are reduced. Simultaneously inserting and removing pins
  • the use of the organization is more convenient.
  • the arm pin push rod 7 is coaxial with the cylinder pin 2 and the arm pin push rod 7 is sleeved inside the cylinder pin 2;
  • the cylinder pin 2 is provided with a shaft hole 23, and the arm pin push rod 7 is inserted into the shaft hole 23 of the cylinder pin 2, and is provided with a telescopic portion which can protrude from the shaft hole 23 of the cylinder pin 2.
  • the arm pin push rod 7 can be The cylinder pin 2 slides inside so that the telescopic portion protrudes out of the shaft hole 23 and retracts into the shaft hole 23 to make the entire structure continuous, which reduces the manufacturing difficulty and processing cost of the cylinder head 1.
  • the second guide rod 71 is provided at the tail portion of the cylinder pin 2, and since the arm pin push rod 7 is inserted into the cylinder pin 2, the first guide rod of the arm pin push rod 7 71 is guided through the through hole 22 at the top and bottom of the cylinder pin 2, and then protrudes from the guide hole 11 at the top and bottom of the cylinder head 1 to guide the arm pin push rod 7, and the cylinder pin 2 and the arm pin push rod 7 are more compact. .
  • the guiding mechanism includes: a first guiding rod 71 disposed on the arm pin pushing rod 7 for guiding the arm pin pushing rod 7 to move; the second guiding rod 21 being disposed on the cylinder pin 2, for guiding the movement of the cylinder pin 2; a guiding hole 11 is disposed on the cylinder head 1 for guiding the moving direction of the first guiding link 71 and the second guiding link 21; the groove plate 8 is slidably disposed at On the cylinder head 2, the movement distance of the first guide rod 71 and the second guide rod 21 is controlled by a groove provided thereon, so that the first guide rod 71 and the second guide rod 21 can be predetermined in the guide hole 11
  • the trajectory moves a predetermined distance; to achieve precise control of the moving distance of the cylinder pin 2 and the arm pin push rod 7, thereby improving the reliability of the interlock.
  • the first guiding rod 71 is provided with two, which are respectively placed at the top and the bottom of the arm pin push rod 7, and the top and bottom are simultaneously guided to improve the guiding effect;
  • the guiding holes 11 are respectively arranged at the upper part of the cylinder head and a lower portion for providing a path of movement of the first guiding rod 71 and the second guiding rod 21 to move the first guiding rod 71 and the second guiding rod 21 according to a predetermined trajectory;
  • the grooved plate 8 is guided by the groove 81 above thereof The moving distance of the first guiding rod 71 and the second guiding rod 21.
  • the arm pin push rod 7 is coaxial with the cylinder pin 2, and the arm pin push rod 7 has a portion that can pass through the end portion of the cylinder pin 2, so that the entire structure is more clean.
  • the arm pin push rod 7 is disposed inside the cylinder pin 2, and the two first guide rods 71 respectively pass through the through holes 22 provided in the upper and lower portions of the cylinder pin 2 and then pass through the guide holes 11, and of course, the passages on the cylinder pins 2
  • the hole 24 cannot limit the guiding of the guide hole 11 to the first guide rod 71.
  • the trough plate 8 is provided with a first guiding groove 81 and a control unit for controlling the movement of the first guiding rod 71, respectively.
  • the second guiding groove 82 of the two guiding rods 21; the first guiding groove 81 and the second guiding groove 82 respectively comprise a synchronous segment and an asynchronous segment, wherein the synchronization segment, the first guiding slot 81 and the second guiding slot 82 are respectively controlled
  • the first guiding rod 71 and the second guiding rod 21 move synchronously; in the asynchronous section, the first guiding groove 81 controls the first guiding rod 71 to continue moving to a predetermined position, and the second guiding groove 82 controls the second guiding rod 21 to stop moving.
  • the arm pin push rod 7 can be moved together with the cylinder pin 2, and can be operated separately, and the overall operation is continuous, and the cylinder head 1 is lowered. Part of the mechanical failure.
  • the first guiding groove 81 and the second guiding groove 82 may be designed according to a curved slot with a predetermined curvature to accurately guide the moving distance between the first guiding rod 71 and the second guiding rod 21, and generally the curvature of the curved groove is changed. Small to reduce the resistance of the guide groove during guiding, improve the service life of the cylinder head 1, and reduce the mechanical failure of the cylinder head 1.
  • the trough plate 8 is also provided with an interlocking block 83 for locking the sliding of the trough plate so that the trough plate 8 is locked by the interlocking block after running to a certain distance.
  • the present invention also provides a plug pin mechanism, as shown in FIG. 2-4, comprising: a telescopic cylinder (not shown) disposed in the telescopic arm 100, and a cylinder head 1 at a movable end of the telescopic cylinder;
  • the arm pin 5 is slidably disposed on the side wall of the tail portion of the arm of the telescopic arm 1 for locking with the other telescopic arm when the slide is extended; and a returning mechanism for holding the arm pin 5 in the extended locking state;
  • the swinging rod 3, the fixed shaft 4 is hinged on the side wall of the telescopic arm 100, one end of which is connected with the arm pin 5, and the other end is pushed by the arm pin push rod 2 to unlock the arm pin 5;
  • the cylinder head 1 is any of the above The cylinder head 1 , wherein the arm pin push rod 7 of the cylinder head 1 pushes the swing rod 3 , and the swing rod 3 swings to unlock the arm pin 5 .
  • the cylinder head 1 of the plug pin mechanism is provided with a cylinder pin 2 projecting from both sides of the cylinder head 1 for locking the telescopic arm 100.
  • the structure of the cylinder head 1 has been described above.
  • the arm pin 5 with the return mechanism is respectively disposed on both sides of the cylinder head 1, and the arm pin 5 is in an extended state (locked state), and one end thereof is connected to the elongated hole at the upper end of the swing rod 3 through a pin,
  • a cross bar 51 and a stopper 52 are provided at the end portion to improve the overall consistency; the stopper 52 is disposed substantially at an intermediate position on the upper surface of the cylinder head 1 and adjacent to the upper surface of the cylinder head, and the interlocking block 8 3 - work, so that when the arm pin 5 is unlocked, the channel plate 8 is blocked from returning to the original position (as shown in Figures 2 and 9).
  • the grooved plate 8 In the first working state, the grooved plate 8 is in the original position, and its position is as shown in FIG. 2.
  • the grooved plate 8 is provided with different first guiding grooves 81 and second for the first guiding rod 71 and the second guiding rod 21
  • the arcuate hole orientation of the guiding groove 82, the first guiding groove 81 and the second guiding groove 82 determines the moving distance of the first guiding rod 71 and the second guiding rod 21 during the movement of the grooved plate 8;
  • the arm pin push rod 7 are located inside the cylinder head 1, the block 52 is not extended, and the interlocking block 83 is at the original position on the side of the top side of the cylinder head 1 (as shown in FIG.
  • the return mechanism can lock the arm pin 5 in a locked state.
  • the return mechanism is selected as a spring, and the spring is disposed around the circumference of the arm pin 5 for holding the arm pin 5 in the extended locking state.
  • the state (not shown) is locked with the telescopic arm since the cylinder pin 2 is extended to the outermost position. .
  • the grooved plate 8 continues to move, and when moving to the position shown in Fig. 8, the cylinder pin 2 does not move at this time, the arm pin push rod 7 continues to move to both sides, and the arm pin push rod 7 moves during the movement.
  • the swinging rod 3 is swung around the fixed shaft 4, thereby driving the arm pin 5 to move, the stopper 52 is extended and blocked on the trajectory of the movement of the interlocking block 83, and the interlocking block 83 moves with the curved plate to the cylinder head 1 and its initial
  • the other side of the position is opposite to the side, as shown in FIG. 9; in this process, the order of the first cylinder pin 3 and the rear arm pin 7 is ensured; by swinging the swing lever 3, the arm pin 5 is unlocked, as shown in FIG. Show.
  • the insertion pin mechanism is moved from the third state to the second state and then to the first state; the first arm pin push rod 7 is retracted into the shaft pin 23 of the cylinder pin 2, and then the cylinder pin 2 And the arm pin push rod 7 is retracted, wherein during the retraction of the arm pin push rod 7, the swing rod 3 is returned by the return mechanism thereon, and the arm pin 5 is driven to lock.
  • the arm pin 5 is also connected with a stopper 52 for blocking the movement of the grooved plate 8 to prevent the grooved plate 8 from moving from the third state to the first state without the returning of the arm pin, thereby causing the arm The pin 5 and the cylinder pin 2 are not locked at the same time.
  • the stopper 52 provided at the end of the swing rod 3 of the present invention corresponds to the interlocking block 83 on the grooved plate 8, and after the swinging rod 3 is swung to unlock the arm pin 5, the stopper 52 is blocked at the middle portion of the top of the cylinder head 1. And mutual The lock block 83 is fixed to the side of the grooved plate 8, and the interlocking block 83 can be blocked by the stopper 52 at the intermediate position of the cylinder head 1, so that the grooved plate 8 can only move to the position in the second state, and cannot The movement is continued to the first state to prevent the arm pin 5 and the cylinder pin 2 from being in an unlocked state at the same time.
  • a driving mechanism is required during the movement of the grooved plate 8, and a ejector cylinder (not shown) may be provided at the top of the cylinder head 1 to control the movement of the grooved plate 8 as needed; other driving mechanisms may be provided.
  • the specific functional structure of the returning mechanism is that, during the working process, the protruding end of the arm pin push rod 7 contacts the swinging rod 3, and generates a driving force to the lower end of the swinging rod 3, so that the swinging rod 3 acts on the driving force.
  • the upper end of the swing rod 3 moves in the direction of approaching the cylinder head 1, thereby driving the arm pin 5 to retract along the arm pin chute, and when the arm pin push rod 7 is fully extended, the arm pin 5 is fully retracted.
  • the cylinder head 1 is locked with the telescopic arm 100, the telescopic arm 100 is unlocked with the adjacent other telescopic arm, and finally the telescopic arm 1 is moved to the corresponding position by the telescopic cylinder, thereby completing the movement of the telescopic arm 100.
  • the arm pin push rod 7 and the cylinder pin 2 are sequentially retracted by controlling the groove plate.
  • the arm pin push rod 7 is fully retracted, the lower end of the swing rod 3 is no longer subjected to the driving force.
  • the action of the arm pin 5 will move along the chute of the arm pin 5 under the action of the return mechanism and eventually return to the extended state, so that the pendulum 4 dry 3 also returns to the original state.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a latch type telescopic arm, comprising: a basic arm and at least one telescopic arm sleeved in the basic arm, and any one of the telescopic arms is provided with the plugging and unplugging Sales agency.
  • the tail portion of any of the telescopic arms is provided with the above-mentioned insertion and removal pin mechanism. Since the above-mentioned insertion and extraction pin mechanism has the above technical effects, the crane should also have corresponding technical effects, and the specific implementation process thereof is as described above. The embodiments are similar and will not be described again.
  • Embodiments of the present invention also provide a crane provided with the above-described latch type extension arm. Since the above-mentioned plug type telescopic arm has the above technical effects, the crane provided with the plug type telescopic arm should also have corresponding technical effects, and the specific implementation process is similar to the above embodiment, and will not be described again.
  • the cylinder is single; the mechanical failure of the cylinder head portion is reduced; the interlocking of the cylinder pin and the arm pin push rod by the guiding mechanism improves the reliability of the interlocking mechanism; the manufacturing difficulty and the processing cost of the cylinder head are reduced. Therefore, the utility model has industrial applicability.

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Abstract

公开了一种插拔销机构及其缸头、插销式伸缩臂和具有所述插销式伸缩臂的起重机。其中，所述插拔销机构包括：设于伸缩臂（100）内的伸缩油缸，所述伸缩油缸的活动端设有缸头（1）；可滑动地设于伸缩臂（100）臂尾部的侧壁上的臂销（5）；用于将所述臂销（5）保持在伸出锁定状态的回位机构；以及，铰接于伸缩臂（100）的侧壁上的摆杆（3）。在缸头（1）两侧设有用于与伸缩臂（100）锁定的缸销（2）和推动臂销（5）解锁的臂销推杆（7），缸头（1）设置有用于导向臂销推杆（7）与缸销（2）运动的导向机构，所述导向机构与驱动机构连接。所述插拔销机构由于取消了油缸缸头上面的臂销油缸、燕尾槽结构和拨叉结构，使油缸缸头结构变得更加简单；降低了缸头部分的机械故障；通过导向机构带动缸销和臂销推杆进行互锁提高了互锁机构的可靠性；降低了油缸缸头的制造难度和加工费用。

Description

插拔销机构及其缸头、 插销式伸缩臂和起重机 本申请要求于 2012 年 06 月 27 日提交中国专利局、 申请号为 201210213807.4、 发明名称为"插拔销机构及其缸头、插销式伸缩臂和起重 机"的中国专利申请的优先权， 其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。 技术领域 本发明涉及工程机械技术领域， 特别是涉及一种起重机插销式伸缩臂 内的插拔销机构及该机构的油缸缸头， 以及带此插拔销机构的伸缩臂和带 该伸缩臂的起重机。 背景技术 近年来出现了一种单缸插销式伸缩臂，这种伸缩臂只有一个伸缩油缸， 且该伸缩油缸的活动端设有缸头， 缸头的两侧设有相对应的两个缸销， 该 两个缸销的中心轴与所述伸缩油缸的中心轴共面， 所述伸缩油缸可在上述 缸销伸出或者收回时选择性地锁定或者释放其与任一节伸缩臂的相对位 置。 此外， 相邻的各节伸缩臂之间以及基本臂与第一伸缩臂之间均设有臂 销， 该臂销设于臂部的顶侧上， 相邻的伸缩臂之间以及基本臂与第一节伸 缩臂之间的相对位置可通过该臂销选择性地锁定或者释放。
所述伸缩油缸可以首先与末节伸缩臂锁定， 同时通过收回臂销将末节 伸缩臂与倒数第二节伸缩臂释放，此时所述伸缩油缸可将末节伸缩臂带出； 末节伸缩臂到达预定位置后将其与倒数第二节伸缩臂重新锁定， 收回所述 伸缩油缸并将其与倒数第二节伸缩臂锁定， 接着将倒数第二节伸缩臂与倒 数第三节伸缩臂释放， 此时所述伸缩油缸可将倒数第二节伸缩臂带出， 依 次类推即可实现各节伸缩臂的依次伸出。
在上述方案中， 缸销和臂销的插拔动作一般通过两组油缸予以控制， 为了防止系统误操作， 通常采用拨叉、 燕尾槽等结构以保证缸销油缸和臂 销油缸不能同时动作， 即当臂销油缸的活塞杆向下动作时带动燕尾槽结构 和拨叉一起向下动作， 在臂销解锁的同时对缸销进行锁死， 防止缸销误操 作。
但这该插拔销机构的缸头结构复杂， 对缸头加工工艺要求高， 加工成 本高， 对拨叉的位置安装精度要求比较高， 互锁结构复杂。 因此， 如何针 对现有的插拔销机构缸头进行改进， 以更加适应使用需要， 是本领域技术 人员亟待解决的技术难题。 发明内容 有鉴于此， 本发明旨在提出一种插拔销机构及其缸头、 插销式伸缩臂 和起重机， 以解决现有的插拔销机构因油缸缸头结构过于复杂而造成加工 工艺和安装精度过高的问题。
一方面， 本发明提供了一种插拔销机构的缸头， 所述缸头两侧设有用 于与伸缩臂锁定的紅销和用于推动臂销解锁的臂销推杆； 其中，
所述缸头设置有用于导向臂销推杆与缸销运动的导向机构； 所述的导向机构与驱动机构连接。
进一步地， 所述的导向机构包括：
第一导向杆， 设置在所述的臂销推杆上， 用于导向臂销推杆运动； 第二导向杆， 设置在所述缸销上， 用于导向缸销运动；
导向孔， 设置在缸头上， 用于导向第一导向连杆与第二导向连杆的运 动方向；
槽形板， 滑动设置在缸头上， 通过其上面设置的槽来控制第一导向杆 和第二导向杆的运动距离。
进一步地， 所述的槽形板设有分别控制第一导向杆运动的第一导向槽 和控制第二导向杆运动的第二导向槽；
所述的第一导向槽和第二导向槽包括同步段和异步段， 其中， 同步段， 第一导向槽和第二导向槽分别控制的第一导向杆和第二导向 杆同步运动；
异步段， 第一导向槽控制第一导向杆继续运动到预定位置， 第二导向 槽控制第二导向杆停止运动。
进一步地， 所述的第一导向槽和第二导向槽为预定曲率的弧形槽孔。 进一步地， 所述的缸销设置有轴孔， 所述的臂销推杆与缸销同轴；
所述臂销推杆插在缸销内， 并设有可伸出缸销轴孔的伸缩部。
进一步地， 所述的槽形板上还设置有用于锁定槽形板的互锁块。
另一方面， 本发明还提供一种插拔销机构， 包括： 设于伸缩臂内的伸 缩油缸， 所述伸缩油缸的活动端设有缸头；
臂销， 可滑动地设于伸缩臂臂尾部的侧壁上， 用于在滑动伸出时与另 一伸缩臂锁定；
回位机构， 用于将所述臂销保持在伸出锁定状态；
摆杆， 定轴铰接于伸缩臂的侧壁上， 其一端与所述臂销相连， 另一端 受到臂销推杆的推动而使臂销解锁；
其特征在于， 所述的缸头为上述的缸头， 其中， 所述缸头的臂销推杆 通过推动摆杆来实现臂销解锁。
进一步地， 所述回位机构为弹簧， 该弹簧围绕布置于所述臂销的周向 上， 用于保持所述臂销处在伸出锁定状态； 所述的摆杆与所述臂销相连一 端还连接有用于阻挡槽形板回位的挡块。
再一方面， 本发明还提供了一种插销式伸缩臂， 包括基本臂以及套接 于所述基本臂中的至少一节伸缩臂， 任一节伸缩臂上设有权利要求 7至 8 任一项所述的插拔销机构。
更进一方面， 本发明还提供了一种起重机， 所述起重机设有上述的插 销式伸缩臂。
本发明提供的一种插拔销机构及其缸头、 插销式伸缩臂和起重机， 通 解锁的臂销推杆； 臂销推杆与缸销同轴且臂销推杆套在缸销内部； 缸头设 置有用于导向臂销推杆与缸销运动的导向机构， 所述的导向机构与驱动机 构连接。 本发明取消了油缸缸头上面的臂销油缸、 燕尾槽结构和拨叉等结 构， 使油缸缸头结构变得更加筒单； 降低了缸头部分的机械故障； 通过导 向机构带动缸销和臂销推杆进行互锁提高了互锁机构可靠性； 降低了油缸 缸头的制造难度和加工费用。 同时使插拔销机构使用更方便。 附图说明 图 1为本发明实施例提供的一种插拔销机构油缸的结构示意图； 图 2为图 1应用到插拔销机构后第一状态的局部结构示意图； 图 3为图 2所示插拔销机构在另一视角的结构示意图；
图 4为插拔销机构应用到伸缩臂上的第一状态时的结构示意图； 图 5为图 1应用到插拔销机构后第二状态的局部结构示意图； 图 6为图 5所示插拔销机构在另一视角的结构示意图；；
图 7为插拔销机构应用到伸缩臂上的第二状态时的结构示意图； 图 8为图 1应用到插拔销机构后第三状态的局部结构示意图； 图 9为图 8所示插拔销机构在另一视角的结构示意图；；
图 10为插拔销机构应用到伸缩臂上的第三状态时的结构示意图； 图 11为图 9的局部剖视图；
图 12为图 1应用到插拔销机构后的局部分解图；
图 13为插拔销机构应用到伸缩臂上的立体示意图。 具体实施方式 为了使本领域技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案， 下面结合附图 和具体实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。 应当指出， 本部分中对具体 结构的描述及描述顺序仅是对具体实施例的说明， 不应视为对本发明的保 护范围有任何限制作用。
请参考图 1本发明提供了一种插拔销机构的缸头 1 , 缸头 1两侧设有 用于与伸缩臂 100锁定的缸销 2和推动臂销 5解锁的臂销推杆 7; 缸头 1 设置有用于导向臂销推杆 7与缸销 2运动的导向机构， 所述的导向机构与 驱动机构连接。
本领域中只要可以导向臂销推杆 7与缸销 2运动的导向机构都可以实 现对伸缩臂 100锁定和推动臂销 5解锁。 驱动机构可以使用单独的驱动油 缸， 也可以使用其他驱动机构， 同一驱动机构通过导向机构同时驱动缸销 和臂销推杆， 实现互锁。 本发明取消了油缸缸头 1上面的臂销油缸、 燕尾 槽结构和拨叉等结构， 使油缸缸头 1结构变得更加筒单； 降低了缸头 1部 分的机械故障； 通过导向机构带动缸销 2和臂销推杆 7进行互锁提高了互 锁机构可靠性； 降低了油缸缸头 1的制造难度和加工费用。 同时使插拔销 机构使用更方便。
本实施例缸销 2与臂销推杆 7的具体结构参见图 11、 图 12和图 1 3 , 臂销推杆 7与缸销 2同轴且臂销推杆 7套在缸销 2内部； 缸销 2设置有轴 孔 23 , 臂销推杆 7插设在缸销 2的轴孔 23内， 并设有可伸出缸销 2的轴 孔 23的伸缩部， 臂销推杆 7 可以在缸销 2 内滑动， 以使伸缩部伸出轴孔 23和回缩到轴孔 23内以使整个结构连贯， 降低了油缸缸头 1的制造难度 和加工费用。
另外， 如图 11和 12所示， 第二导向杆 71设置在缸销 2的尾部， 由于 臂销推杆 7是插设在缸销 2内的，所以臂销推杆 7的第一导向杆 71穿过缸 销 2顶部和底部的通孔 22 , 然后伸出缸头 1顶部和底部的导向孔 11来实 现对臂销推杆 7的导向， 缸销 2和臂销推杆 7结构更加紧凑。
具体地， 如图 11和 12所示， 导向机构包括： 第一导向杆 71 , 设置在 臂销推杆 7上， 用于导向臂销推杆 7运动； 第二导向杆 21 , 设置在缸销 2 上， 用于导向缸销 2运动； 导向孔 11 , 设置在缸头 1上， 用于导向第一导 向连杆 71与第二导向连杆 21的运动方向； 槽形板 8 , 滑动设置在缸头 2 上， 通过其上面设置的槽来控制第一导向杆 71和第二导向杆 21的运动距 离，以使第一导向杆 71和第二导向杆 21能够在导向孔 11内按照预定的轨 迹运动预定的距离； 以达到对缸销 2和臂销推杆 7移动距离的精确控制， 从而提高互锁的可靠性。
如图 1所示，第一导向杆 71设有两个，分别置在臂销推杆 7的顶部和 底部， 顶部和底部同时被导向， 提高导向效果； 导向孔 11分别设置在缸头 上部和下部， 用于提供第一导向杆 71和第二导向杆 21运动轨迹通道， 使 第一导向杆 71和第二导向杆 21按照预定的轨迹运动； 槽形板 8通过其上 面的槽 81来导向第一导向杆 71和第二导向杆 21的运动距离。
另外， 如图 12所示， 臂销推杆 7与缸销 2同轴， 且臂销推杆 7有部分 可以穿过缸销 2轴孔外伸的端部， 所以为使整个结构更加筒洁紧凑， 臂销 推杆 7设置在缸销 2内部，两个第一导向杆 71分别穿过缸销 2上部和下部 设置的通孔 22然后再穿过导向孔 11 , 当然缸销 2上的通孔 24不能限制导 向孔 11对第一导向杆 71的导向。
槽形板 8设有分别控制第一导向杆 71运动的第一导向槽 81和控制第 二导向杆 21运动的第二导向槽 82 ; 第一导向槽 81和第二导向槽 82分别 包括同步段和异步段， 其中， 同步段， 第一导向槽 81和第二导向槽 82分 别控制的第一导向杆 71和第二导向杆 21同步运动； 异步段， 第一导向槽 81控制第一导向杆 71继续运动到预定位置， 第二导向槽 82控制第二导向 杆 21停止运动。
通过第一导向槽 81和第二导向槽 82以及其上的同步段和异步段， 实 现臂销推杆 7既可以随缸销 2一起运动， 又可以单独动作，整体运行连贯， 降低缸头 1部分的机械故障。
第一导向槽 81和第二导向槽 82可以按照预定曲率的弧形槽孔来设计， 以精确导向第一导向杆 71与第二导向杆 21的运动距离， 通常设置弧形槽 的曲率变化较小， 以减小导向槽在导向时的阻力， 提高缸头 1使用寿命， 降低缸头 1部分的机械故障。
槽形板 8上还设置有用于锁定槽形板滑动的互锁块 83 , 以使槽形板 8 在运行到一定距离后通过互锁块锁定。
本发明还提供一种插拔销机构， 如图 2-4所示， 包括： 包括设于伸缩 臂 100 内的伸缩油缸（图中未给出） ， 伸缩油缸的活动端设有缸头 1 ; 臂 销 5 , 可滑动地设于伸缩臂 1臂尾部的侧壁上， 用于在滑动伸出时与另一 伸缩臂锁定； 回位机构， 用于将臂销 5保持在伸出锁定状态； 摆杆 3 , 定 轴 4铰接于伸缩臂 100的侧壁上， 其一端与臂销 5相连， 另一端受到臂销 推杆 2的推动而使臂销 5解锁； 缸头 1为上述任一的缸头 1 , 其中， 缸头 1 的臂销推杆 7推动摆杆 3 , 摆杆 3摆动使臂销 5解锁。
如图 2所示， 插拔销机构的缸头 1内侧设有可从缸头 1两侧伸出的缸 销 2 ,用于锁定伸缩臂 100 ,缸头 1的结构在上述已经说明，在此不再赘述； 在缸头 1两侧分别设置有带回位机构的臂销 5 , 臂销 5处于伸出状态 （锁 定状态） ， 其一端通过销釘与摆杆 3上端的长形孔相连， 并在该端部设有 一横杆 51以及挡块 52 , 提高整体的一致性； 挡块 52设置在大体对应在缸 头 1上表面中间位置， 并靠近缸头上表面， 其与互锁块 8 3—起工作， 使臂 销 5在未锁定时， 阻挡槽形板 8回到原始位置（如图 2和图 9所示 ) 。
下面通过插拔销机构中的三个工作状态来详细说明本发明具体应用时 的工作过程： 第一工作状态， 槽形板 8处在原始位置， 其位置如图 2所示， 槽形板 8上针对第一导向杆 71和第二导向杆 21设计不同的第一导向槽 81和第二 导向槽 82 , 第一导向槽 81和第二导向槽 82的弧形孔走向决定了槽形板 8 在移动过程中第一导向杆 71和第二导向杆 21的移动距离； 此状态紅销 2 和臂销推杆 7都位于缸头 1的内部， 挡块 52未伸出， 互锁块 83处于缸头 1顶部一边侧的原始位置（如图 2所示） ， 如图 3所示； 通过回位机构能 够将臂销 5处于锁紧状态， 如图 4所示， 回位机构选择为弹簧， 该弹簧围 绕布置于所述臂销 5的周向上用于保持臂销 5处于伸出锁紧状态 （图中未 示出） ， 由于缸销 2伸出到最外侧的位置， 所以与伸缩臂锁定。 。
在第二状态， 为槽形板 8运动到图 5所示的位置时， 槽形板 8上的第 一导向槽 81和第二导向槽 82处于同步段， 第一导向杆 71和第二导向杆 21同步运动， 缸销 2和臂销推杆 7同时向两侧同步动作； 并且缸销 3位置 达到最外侧的位置， 挡块 52未伸出， 互锁块 83随弧形板运动到缸头 1顶 部中间位置， 如图 6所示； 此时臂销推杆 7仍未推动摆杆 3 , 如图 7所示， 臂销 5仍通过回位机构处于锁定状态，而由于缸销 2伸出到最外侧的位置， 所以与伸缩臂锁定。
在第三状态， 槽形板 8继续动作， 运动到图 8所示的位置时， 此时缸 销 2不动， 臂销推杆 7继续向两侧运动， 臂销推杆 7运动的过程中， 推动 摆杆 3围绕定轴 4摆动，从而带动臂销 5动作，挡块 52伸出并挡在互锁块 83运动的轨迹上， 互锁块 83随弧形板运动到缸头 1与其初始位置相对于 的另一边侧， 如图 9所示； 在此过程中就保证了先缸销 3和后臂销 7的先 后顺序； 通过摆杆 3摆动， 带动臂销 5解锁， 如图 10所示。
同样在槽形板 8按相反方向运动时， 插拔销机构从第三状态到第二状 态然后到第一状态； 先臂销推杆 7退回到缸销 2轴孔 23 内， 然后缸销 2 和臂销推杆 7—起退回， 其中在臂销推杆 7退回过程中， 摆杆 3通过其上 的回位机构回位， 并带动臂销 5锁定。 另外， 臂销 5—端还连接有用于阻 挡槽形板 8运动的挡块 52 , 以防止臂销 5在未回位的情况下槽形板 8从第 三状态运动到第一状态， 造成臂销 5与缸销 2同时未锁定的情况。
本发明摆杆 3端部设置的挡块 52与槽形板 8上的互锁块 83相对应， 在摆杆 3摆动使臂销 5解锁后，挡块 52挡在缸头 1顶部的中间部位， 而互 锁块 83固定在槽形板 8的边侧，通过挡块 52可以将互锁块 83阻挡在缸头 1 的中间位置， 从而使槽形板 8只能运动到第二状态下的位置， 不能再继 续运动到第一状态， 以防止臂销 5和缸销 2同时处在未锁定状态。
同样在槽形板 8移动过程中需要驱动机构， 可根据需要在缸头 1顶部 设置一个顶杆油缸（图未示出） 以控制槽形板 8移动； 也可以设置其它驱 动机构。
关于回位机构的具体功能结构为， 在工作过程中， 臂销推杆 7的伸出 端接触摆杆 3 , 对摆杆 3的下端产生一个推动力， 使摆杆 3在该推动力的 作用下围绕定轴 4摆动， 摆杆 3的上端沿着靠近缸头 1的方向移动， 从而 带动臂销 5沿着臂销滑槽作收回动作， 当臂销推杆 7完全伸出时， 臂销 5 完全收回， 此时， 缸头 1与伸缩臂 100锁定， 伸缩臂 100与相邻的另一伸 缩臂解锁， 最后通过伸缩油缸将伸缩臂 1 QQ移动至相应位置， 从而完成伸 缩臂 100的移动过程； 当伸缩臂 100到达相应位置后， 通过控制槽形板实 现臂销推杆 7和缸销 2的依次收回， 当臂销推杆 7完全收回时， 摆杆 3的 下端不再受到推动力的作用， 臂销 5将在回位机构的作用下沿着臂销 5的 滑槽移动并最终恢复至伸出状态， 使得摆 4干 3也恢复至最初状态。
本发明实施例还提供了一种插销式伸缩臂， 包括基本臂以及套接于所 述基本臂中的至少一节伸缩臂， 任一节伸缩臂上设有上述任一项所述的插 拔销机构。 其中， 任一节伸缩臂的尾部设有上述所述的插拔销机构， 由于 上述的插拔销机构具有上述技术效果， 因此， 该起重机也应具备相应的技 术效果， 其具体实施过程与上述实施例类似， 兹不赘述。
本发明实施例还提供了一种起重机， 所述起重机设有上述的插销式伸 缩臂。 由于上述的插销式伸缩臂具有上述技术效果， 因此， 设有该插销式 伸缩臂的起重机也应具备相应的技术效果， 其具体实施过程与上述实施例 类似， 兹不赘述。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已， 并不用以限制本发明， 凡在 本发明的精神和原则之内， 所作的任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等， 均应包 含在本发明的保护范围之内。 工业实用性 本实用新型提供的插拔销机构及其缸头、 插销式伸缩臂和起重机， 能够取消了油缸缸头上面的臂销油缸、 燕尾槽结构和拨叉等结构， 使油 缸缸头结构变得更加筒单； 降低了缸头部分的机械故障； 通过导向机构 带动缸销和臂销推杆进行互锁提高了互锁机构可靠性； 降低了油缸缸头 的制造难度和加工费用。 因此， 本实用新型具有工业实用性。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种插拔销机构的缸头 （1 ), 其特征在于， 所述缸头 （1 ) 两侧设 有用于与伸缩臂（ 100 )锁定的紅销（ 2 )和用于推动臂销（ 5 )解锁的臂销 推杆 ( 7); 其中，
所述缸头（ 1 )设置有用于导向臂销推杆（ 7 )与缸销（ 2 )运动的导向 机构；
所述的导向机构与驱动机构连接。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的缸头， 其特征在于， 所述的导向机构包括 第一导向杆（71 ), 设置在所述的臂销推杆（7)上， 用于导向臂销推 杆 Π )运动；
第二导向杆（ 21 ), 设置在所述缸销（ 2 )上， 用于导向缸销（ 2 )运动； 导向孔（11 ), 设置在缸头 （1 )上， 用于导向第一导向连杆（71 )与 第二导向连杆 ( 21 ) 的运动方向；
槽形板（ 8 ), 滑动设置在缸头（ 1 )上， 通过其上面设置的槽来控制第 一导向杆 l )和第二导向杆 1)的运动距离。
3、 如权利要求 2所述的缸头， 其特征在于， 所述的槽形板（8 )设有 分别控制第一导向杆（ 71 )运动的第一导向槽（ 81 )和控制第二导向杆（ 21 ) 运动的第二导向槽（82 );
所述的第一导向槽（81 )和第二导向槽（82) 包括同步段和异步段， 其中，
同步段， 第一导向槽（81 )和第二导向槽（82)分别控制的第一导向 杆 l )和第二导向杆 1) 同步运动；
异步段， 第一导向槽（81 )控制第一导向杆（71 )继续运动到预定位 置， 第二导向槽（ 82 )控制第二导向杆（ 21 )停止运动。
4、 如权利要求 3所述的缸头， 其特征在于， 所述的第一导向槽（81 ) 和第二导向槽（82) 为预定曲率的弧形槽孔。
5、 如权利要求 1-4任一所述的缸头， 其特征在于， 所述的缸销 ( 2) 设置有轴孔（23), 所述的臂销推杆 (7)与缸销 (2) 同轴；
所述的臂销推杆 ( 7 )插在缸销（ 2 ) 内， 并设有可伸出缸销轴孔（ 23 ) 的伸缩部。
6、 如权利要求 2-4任一所述的缸头， 其特征在于， 所述的槽形板（8) 上还设置有用于锁定槽形板（ 8 ) 的互锁块（ 83 )。
7、 一种插拔销机构， 包括： 设于伸缩臂（100) 内的伸缩油缸， 所述 伸缩油缸的活动端设有缸头 （ 1；);
臂销（ 5 ), 可滑动地设于伸缩臂（ 100 )臂尾部的侧壁上， 用于在滑动 伸出时与另一伸缩臂锁定；
回位机构， 用于将所述臂销 （ 5 )保持在伸出锁定状态；
摆杆（3), 定轴 （4)铰接于伸缩臂（100) 的侧壁上， 其一端与所述 臂销 （ 5 )相连， 另一端受到臂销推杆 ( 7 ) 的推动而使臂销 （ 5 )解锁； 其特征在于，所述的缸头（ 1 )为如权利要求 1-6任一所述的缸头（ 1；), 其中， 所述缸头（ 1 )的臂销推杆 ( 7 )通过推动摆杆 ( 3 )来实现臂销解锁。
8、 如权利要求 7所述的插拔销机构， 其特征在于， 所述回位机构为弹 簧， 该弹簧围绕布置于所述臂销 （5 ) 的周向上， 用于保持所述臂销 （5) 处在伸出锁定状态。 所述的摆杆 ( 3)与所述臂销 （5)相连一端还连接有 用于阻挡槽形板回位的挡块（ 52 )。
9、一种插销式伸缩臂， 包括基本臂以及套接于所述基本臂中的至少一 节伸缩臂（100), 其特征在于： 任一节伸缩臂（100) 上设有权利要求 7 至 8任一项所述的插拔销机构。
10、 一种起重机， 其特征在于， 所述起重机设有权利要求 9所述的插 销式伸缩臂。
PCT/CN2012/085808 2012-06-27 2012-12-04 插拔销机构及其缸头、插销式伸缩臂和起重机 WO2014000377A1 (zh)

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