WO2013172035A1 - 高炉への原料装入方法 - Google Patents
高炉への原料装入方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013172035A1 WO2013172035A1 PCT/JP2013/003131 JP2013003131W WO2013172035A1 WO 2013172035 A1 WO2013172035 A1 WO 2013172035A1 JP 2013003131 W JP2013003131 W JP 2013003131W WO 2013172035 A1 WO2013172035 A1 WO 2013172035A1
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- coke
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
- C21B5/007—Conditions of the cokes or characterised by the cokes used
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
- C21B5/008—Composition or distribution of the charge
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
- F27B1/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
- F27B1/20—Arrangements of devices for charging
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
- C21B7/18—Bell-and-hopper arrangements
- C21B7/20—Bell-and-hopper arrangements with appliances for distributing the burden
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a raw material charging method for a blast furnace in which the raw material is charged into the furnace with a turning chute.
- a blast furnace generally charges raw materials such as sintered ore, pellets, and massive ore and coke in layers from the top of the furnace, and flows combustion gas from the tuyere to obtain pig iron.
- the coke and ore raw material which are the charged raw materials for the blast furnace, descend from the top of the furnace to the lower part of the furnace, and ore reduction and raw material temperature rise occur.
- the ore raw material layer is gradually deformed while filling the gaps between the ore raw materials due to the temperature rise and the load from above, and the lower part of the shaft part of the blast furnace has a very high resistance to gas and almost no gas flows. Form a layer.
- raw material charging into a blast furnace is performed by alternately charging ore raw materials and coke, and in the furnace, ore raw material layers and coke layers are alternately layered. Further, in the lower part of the blast furnace, there are an ore raw material layer having a large ventilation resistance in which an ore called softening zone is softened and fused, and a coke slit having a relatively small ventilation resistance derived from coke.
- the air permeability of this cohesive zone has a great influence on the air permeability of the entire blast furnace, and the productivity in the blast furnace is limited.
- Patent Document 2 ore and coke are separately stored in a bunker at the top of the furnace, and coke and ore are mixed and charged at the same time, so that a normal coke charging batch and a coke central charging batch are used. And three batches for mixing and charging are performed simultaneously.
- Patent Document 3 in order to prevent the instability of the cohesive zone shape in the blast furnace operation and the decrease in the gas utilization rate near the center, and to improve the safe operation and thermal efficiency, the raw material charging method in the blast furnace is In addition, all ore and all coke are thoroughly mixed and then charged into the furnace.
- JP-A-3-211210 JP 2004-107794 A Japanese Patent Publication No.59-10402
- the average particle size of the typical coke described in the above-mentioned Patent Document 3 is about 40 to 50 mm, the average particle size of the ore is about 15 mm, and the particle sizes of both are greatly different. Therefore, the simple mixing may significantly reduce the porosity, deteriorate the air permeability in the furnace, and cause troubles such as gas blow-out and poor lowering of raw materials. In order to avoid these troubles, a method of forming a coke-only layer in the furnace axis can be considered. According to this method, the passage of gas through the coke layer is secured in the core portion of the furnace, so that air permeability can be improved.
- the present invention was developed in view of the above-mentioned present situation, and even when performing an operation of mixing a large amount of coke, it ensures air permeability in the blast furnace, stabilizes the blast furnace operation, and heat efficiency. It aims at providing the raw material charging method to a blast furnace which can achieve improvement of.
- the gist configuration of the present invention is as follows. 1. Ore raw materials such as sintered ore, pellets, block ores, and coke blast furnace charging raw materials are disposed at least at the top bunker at the top of the blast furnace and at the outlet of the top bunker. When charging into the blast furnace using the collective hopper that mixes the raw material discharged from the furnace top bunker and supplies the swirl chute and the swirl chute, The above coke is classified into lump coke and small lump coke and filled in the furnace top bunker, and the ore raw material is further classified into large particle ore raw material and small particle ore raw material to form a furnace top bunker. After filling, when discharging the lump coke, the large particle size ore raw material is simultaneously cut out, and when discharging the small lump coke, the small particle size ore raw material is simultaneously cut out. Method.
- Ore raw materials such as sintered ore, pellets, block ores, and coke blast furnace charging raw materials are disposed at least at the top bunker at the top of the blast furnace
- the mass ratio of the large particle size ore raw material and the small particle size ore raw material is converted into the ore raw material of the lump coke. 4.
- the ratio of the harmonic average diameter of the small coke and the small particle size ore and the ratio of the harmonic average diameter of the large coke and the large particle size ore are both the ratio of the ore harmonic average particle size / the coke harmonic average particle size. 5.
- the present invention when charging ore raw material and coke into a blast furnace, when discharging coke, large particle size ore raw material is simultaneously cut out, and when discharging small block coke, small particle size ore Since raw materials are cut out at the same time, the air permeability in the lower part of the furnace is greatly improved, and the reduction rate of the ore is greatly improved. Even in the situation where a large amount of coke is mixed, stable blast furnace operation is performed. be able to.
- FIG. 3 It is a schematic diagram which shows one Embodiment of the raw material charging method to the blast furnace of this invention. It is a schematic block diagram which shows a packed bed pressure loss evaluation apparatus.
- A is a figure which shows the particle size distribution with the lump coke before ore classification
- (b) is a figure which respectively shows the particle size distribution with the small block coke before ore classification.
- (A) is a figure which shows the particle size distribution of a large particle size ore and a lump coke
- (b) is a figure which respectively shows the particle size distribution of a small particle size ore and a lump coke.
- A) is a figure which shows the pressure loss of the particle size distribution of FIG. 3 (a) and FIG.
- FIG. 4 (a), (b) is a figure which shows the pressure loss of the particle size distribution of FIG.3 (b) and FIG.4 (b), respectively. It is a figure which shows the result of having evaluated the influence of the porosity which gives to the pressure loss of a packed bed using Ergun type
- the coke bunker 12a is preliminarily made of lump coke
- the furnace top bunker 12b is preliminarily supplied with a large particle size ore raw material
- the furnace top bunker 12c is preliminarily provided with small coke and small particle size ore raw material. It is assumed that what is mixed in each is stored.
- 10 is a blast furnace
- 12a to 12c are furnace bunker
- 13 is a flow rate adjusting gate
- 14 is a collecting hopper
- 15 is a bell-less charging device
- 16 is a turning chute.
- ⁇ is an angle with respect to the vertical direction of the turning chute.
- the ore raw material is not particularly limited as long as it is commonly used as blast furnace ore, such as sintered ore, pellets, and massive ore.
- the raw material charging destination of the swivel chute 16 is set to the inner peripheral portion of the blast furnace wall, and only the coke is charged from the furnace top bunker 12a charged with lump coke.
- a central coke layer can be formed at the center of the blast furnace, and a peripheral coke layer can be formed at the inner periphery of the furnace wall. That is, when the raw material charging destination of the turning chute 16 faces the center or the wall of the blast furnace, the flow control gates 13 of the furnace top bunkers 12b and 12c are closed, and the flow control gate of only the furnace top bunker 12a.
- the central coke layer is formed in the center of the blast furnace, and the peripheral coke layer is disposed in the inner peripheral portion of the furnace wall. Can be formed respectively.
- the above coke is classified into lump coke and small lump coke and filled in the furnace bunker, and the ore raw material is further classified into large particle ore raw material and small particle ore raw material. Each of them is filled in the top bunker. And in this invention, when discharging
- the large grain ore raw material is simultaneously cut out from the furnace top bunker 12b.
- a good mixed layer with low ventilation resistance can be formed in the blast furnace lump.
- the coke when mixing a large amount of coke, in addition to the small coke, the coke is mixed, so the particle size difference between the ore and the coke is increased, and the porosity of the mixed layer is reduced.
- the breathability of the dressing band is improved, the breathability of the blast furnace lump is deteriorated. Therefore, in the present invention, as described above, the lump coke and the large particle size ore raw material are simultaneously cut out, while the small lump coke is discharged at the same time by discharging the small particle size ore raw material simultaneously, The reduction in the porosity of the belt is eliminated, and the air permeability in the blast furnace can be secured even when a large amount of coke is mixed.
- the mixed layer of the lump coke and the large particle size ore raw material is referred to as a mixed layer L
- the mixed layer of the small lump coke and the small particle size ore raw material is referred to as a mixed layer S.
- the mixed layers L and the mixed layers S may be alternately stacked, or the mixed layers L may be stacked in multiple layers, and the mixed layer S may be stacked on top of it.
- the effect of the present invention can be obtained even when a plurality of S layers are laminated and the mixed layer L is laminated thereon, or only a coke layer is formed between any layers therebetween.
- the central coke layer and the peripheral coke layer may be formed together.
- FIG. 3A shows the particle size distribution with the coke before the ore classification
- FIG. 3B shows the particle size distribution with the small coke before the ore classification
- FIG. 4 (a) shows the particle size distribution of large particle size ore and lump coke
- FIG. 4 (b) shows the particle size distribution of small particle size ore and small lump coke.
- FIG. 3 (b) and FIG. 4 (b) respectively, when large-size ore and lump coke are mixed, further, small-size ore and small coke are mixed.
- the particle size distribution width when the coke coke is mixed is lowered. From the above results, it can be expected that the packed bed pressure loss due to the decrease in the void ratio accompanying the increase in the variation in the particle size width can be controlled.
- FIGS. 3 (a), 3 (b), 4 (a) and 4 (b) is filled in the packed bed pressure loss measuring apparatus shown in FIG.
- the results of measuring the pressure loss are shown in FIG. 5 (a) and FIG. 5 (b).
- the mass of the ore was mixed as 1900g and the mass of coke as 170g, and it each charged in the cylindrical container and tested.
- the particle size distribution of FIG. 3 (a) and FIG. 3 (b) is compared with that of FIG. 4 (a) and FIG. It was confirmed that the packed bed pressure loss decreased at the time of the particle size distribution.
- the mixed layer of the ore and coke is a large particle size ore and lump coke, that is, the mixed layer L, and a small particle size ore and small block coke, that is, the mixed layer S, the reduction in packed bed pressure loss is reduced. I found it possible.
- the particle size range of the small coke is preferably 10 to 40 mm.
- the particle size range of the lump coke is preferably 30 to 75 mm. This is because if the particle size is out of the above range, the effect of reducing the packed bed pressure loss decreases. As described above, there may be overlapping portions in the particle size range.
- the particle size range of the small particle size ore raw material is preferably 3 to 20 mm, and the particle size range of the large particle size ore raw material is preferably 10 to 50 mm. This is because, if the particle size is out of the above range, the effect of reducing the packed bed pressure loss is reduced.
- the particle size range of an ore raw material may also have an overlap part.
- the classification point of the large particle size ore raw material and the small particle size ore raw material is determined by the mass ratio, that is, ( Mass of large-grain ore raw material / mass of small-grained ore raw material) ⁇ 100 and mass of coke and small coke used for mixing into ore raw material out of the bulk coke charged to the blast furnace It was found that better air permeability can be obtained when the ratio, that is, (mass of lump coke to be used for mixing with ore raw material / mass of lump coke) ⁇ 100.
- the coincidence is preferably complete coincidence, but an error of about 5% has no problem at all.
- Equation 1 Ergun equation
- ⁇ [kg / m 3 ] fluid density
- ⁇ [Poise] fluid viscosity coefficient
- u [m / sec] average fluid flow velocity
- D p [m] average particle diameter
- ⁇ [-] Porosity
- ⁇ p / L [Pa / m] packed bed pressure loss, respectively.
- FIG. 6 shows the calculation result. From the figure, in the region where the porosity is 0.3 or less, the increase in the pressure loss with respect to the decrease in the porosity is large, and the influence of the porosity on the pressure loss is remarkable in the region where the porosity is 0.3 or less. I know that there is. Therefore, it is considered effective to keep the porosity at 0.3 or more in order to suppress an increase in pressure loss.
- FIG. 7 shows conventional knowledge obtained by geometrically calculating the ratio of large particle diameter particles and the decrease in porosity. From the figure, it can be seen that the porosity is greatly reduced when the particle size ratio is in the range of 0.2 to 0.1. It can also be seen that when the particle size ratio is 0.1, the porosity is about 33% when the ratio of large particle size is around 65%. Therefore, in the present invention, the ratio of the harmonic average diameter of the small coke and the small particle size ore and the ratio of the harmonic average diameter of the large coke and the large particle size ore are both 0 or .2 or more is preferable.
- the grain size ratio of ore and coke is preferably 0.1 or more, more preferably any combination of large particle size ore and lump coke, or small particle size ore and lump coke. 0.2 or more.
- the upper limit of the particle size ratio is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 0.2 to 0.75.
- the above-mentioned mixed layer is sequentially formed in the blast furnace from the lower part to the upper part. Therefore, a gas flow rising through the coke layer is formed by flowing a high-temperature gas mainly composed of CO from a tuyere blast pipe provided at the bottom of the blast furnace. Ascending gas flow is formed. Coke is burned by the high-temperature gas flowing in from the blower pipe, and the ore raw material is reduced and dissolved.
- the ore raw material in the lower part of the blast furnace is melted, and the coke and ore raw material charged in the blast furnace descend from the furnace top to the lower part of the furnace, reducing the ore raw material and raising the temperature of the ore raw material.
- a fusion zone in which the ore material is softened is formed on the upper side of the molten layer, and the ore material is reduced on the upper side of the fusion zone.
- the ore raw material and coke are completely mixed in the mixed layer, so that the coke enters between the ore raw materials, the air permeability is improved, and the high temperature gas is directly applied to the ore. Since it passes between the raw materials, there is no heat transfer delay and heat transfer characteristics can be improved.
- the contact area between the ore raw material and the high-temperature gas is expanded, and carburization can be promoted. Further, in the cohesive zone, air permeability and heat transfer can be improved.
- the coupling reaction is a mutual activation phenomenon between the reduction reaction of the ore raw material and the gasification reaction (carbon solution loss reaction). As a result, good reduction can be performed without causing a reduction delay.
- the ore and coke described above are laminated in layers
- the ore and coke are alternately charged in the blast furnace, and the ore layer and the coke layer are charged in layers in the blast furnace.
- the high temperature gas mainly composed of CO flows from the tuyeres
- the hot gas of the ore is increased at the lower part of the cohesive zone by restricting the air flow by reducing the coke slit and increasing the pressure loss.
- the contact area becomes small and carburization is limited.
- a coke slit is formed on the upper side of the cohesive zone, and heat is conducted to the ore mainly through this coke slit, resulting in a heat transfer delay and insufficient heat transfer, and at the upper part of the blast furnace. Since the coke layer with good air permeability and the ore layer with poor air permeability are laminated, not only the rate of temperature increase is reduced, but only the reduction reaction is performed and the above coupling reaction cannot be expected. There is a problem that a delay occurs.
- the gas flow is made uniform to ensure good heat transfer and stable ventilation. Improvement is possible, and the problems of the conventional example can be solved.
- the amount of coke required for producing hot metal 1 ton (kg), that is, the coke ratio was about 320 to 350 kg / t.
- the coke ratio is 270. It can be reduced to about 300 kg / t.
- the small particle size ore raw material may be discharged at the same time.
- the lump coke, the small lump coke, the large particle size ore raw material, and the small particle size ore raw material are filled in a separate furnace top bunker, respectively. May be.
- the packed bed pressure loss was examined by simulating a blast furnace massive band in the blast furnace using the experimental apparatus shown in FIG.
- This experimental apparatus is a cylindrical stainless steel tube having a diameter of 10 cm as shown in FIG. 2, and can blow a predetermined amount of air (AIR) from the lower part.
- AIR predetermined amount of air
- the opening part for measuring the pressure inside a cylinder is provided in the upper end part and lower end part of the said cylinder, and it connects with the pressure gauge with the tube.
- the following materials were used as the charging materials used in the following examples.
- Comparative Example 1 is a coke mixed coke unit 120 kg / t
- Invention Example 1 is the same specification, ore classification, small particle size ore and large particle size ore, respectively, invention
- the coke mixing amount was further increased to 200 kg / tp.
- Inventive Example 3 narrows the particle size range of the small particle size ore and improves the air permeability from Inventive Example 2.
- the sample layer in FIG. 2 has two layers of lump coke + ore (no classification) and small coke + ore (no classification).
- the sample layer is composed of two layers of lump coke + large particle size ore and small lump coke + small particle size ore.
- the particle size range, mass ratio, and harmonic average diameter of each coke and ore are as shown in Table 1.
- the measurement results of the packed bed pressure loss in each case are shown in comparison with Table 1.
- the particle size after being discharged from the storage tank for storing ore near the ground and the storage tank for storing coke before being transported to the top equipment of the blast furnace is measured. It is desirable to do. Further, the measurement frequency is required to be about once a week, and preferably several times a day. Furthermore, as the average diameter, the following harmonic average diameter is suitable for evaluating the pressure loss in the blast furnace.
- the harmonic mean diameter: D p is expressed by the following formula 2 with respect to i samples.
- D p [m] harmonic average diameter of particles
- w i [ ⁇ ] mass ratio for each sieve mesh
- d pi [m] representative particle diameter for each sieve mesh, respectively.
- a coke having a diameter of 10 to 75 mm is used, and an ore having a diameter of 3 to 50 mm is used. If the values are satisfied according to the present invention, the effects of the present invention can be obtained without problems even if the respective values are changed as appropriate.
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Abstract
Description
この融着帯の通気性が高炉全体の通気性に大きく影響を及ぼしており、高炉における生産性を律速している。
例えば、特許文献1においては、ベルレス高炉において、鉱石ホッパーのうち下流側の鉱石ホッパーにコークスを装入し、コンベア上で鉱石の上にコークスを積層し、炉頂バンカーに装入して、鉱石とコークスとを旋回シュートを介して高炉内に装入するようにしている。
これらのトラブルを回避するためには、炉軸心部にコークスのみの層を形成する方法が考えられる。この方法によれば、炉軸心部にコークス層によるガスの通り道が確保されるため、通気性の改善が可能となる。
1.焼結鉱、ペレット、塊状鉱石などの鉱石類原料およびコークスの高炉装入原料を、高炉の炉頂に配設した少なくとも3つの炉頂バンカーと、該炉頂バンカーの排出口に配設されて該炉頂バンカーから排出される原料を混合して旋回シュートに供給する集合ホッパーと、該旋回シュートとを用いて、高炉内へ装入するに際し、
上記コークスを、塊コークスと小塊コークスに分級して炉頂バンカーに充填し、さらに、上記鉱石類原料を、大粒径鉱石類原料と小粒径鉱石類原料に分級して炉頂バンカーに充填したのち、該塊コークスを排出する際には該大粒径鉱石類原料を同時に切り出し、該小塊コークスを排出する際には該小粒径鉱石類原料を同時に切り出す高炉への原料装入方法。
高炉内に、鉱石類原料およびコークスを装入する具体的な装入要領を、図1に基づいて説明する。
以下の説明では、炉頂バンカー12aには塊コークスが、また炉頂バンカー12bには大粒径鉱石類原料には、さらに炉頂バンカー12cには小塊コークスと小粒径鉱石類原料を事前に混合したものが、それぞれ貯留されているものとする。
なお、図中、10は高炉、12a~12cは炉頂バンカー、13は流量調整ゲート、14は集合ホッパー、15はベルレス式装入装置、16は旋回シュートである。また、θは、旋回シュートの垂直方向に対する角度である。また、本発明に用いられるコークスに特別の限定はなく、公知の高炉用コークスであれば問題はない。他方、鉱石類原料とは、焼結鉱、ペレット、塊状鉱石など、高炉用鉱石として常用されるものであれば特に限定はない。
すなわち、旋回シュート16の原料装入先が、高炉の中心部または炉壁部を向いている状態では、炉頂バンカー12bおよび12cの流量調整ゲート13を閉じ、炉頂バンカー12aのみの流量調整ゲート13を開き、この炉頂バンカー12aに貯留されている塊コークスのみを旋回シュート16に供給することによって、高炉の中心部には、中心コークス層を、また炉壁内周部には周辺コークス層をそれぞれ形成することができる。
そこで、本発明では、上述したように、塊コークスと大粒径鉱石類原料とを同時に切り出し、一方小塊コークスを排出する際には小粒径鉱石類原料を同時に排出することで、高炉塊状帯の空隙率の低下が解消され、コークス多量混合時であっても、高炉内の通気性を確保できるのである。
上記試験では、図2に示す充填層圧力損失評価装置を用いて、分級前後の鉱石コークス充填層の圧力損失を測定した。
図3(a)と図4(a)を、また図3(b)と図4(b)をそれぞれ比較すると、大粒径鉱石と塊コークスを混合したとき、さらには小粒径鉱石と小塊コークスを混合したときの粒径分布幅がそれぞれ低下していることがわかる。
以上の結果から、粒径幅のばらつき拡大にともなう空隙率の低下による充填層圧力損失を制御できることが期待できる。
図5(a)および図5(b)に示した結果より、図3(a)および図3(b)の粒度分布の時と比較して、図4(a)および図4(b)の粒度分布の時に、充填層圧力損失はそれぞれ低下することが確認された。従って、鉱石とコークスの混合層は、大粒径鉱石と塊コークス、すなわち混合層L、および、小粒径鉱石と小塊コークス、すなわち混合層Sとしたときに、充填層圧力損失の低減が可能であることがわかった。
まず、小塊コークスの粒度範囲としては、10~40mmが好適である。一方、塊コークスの粒度範囲は30~75mmが好適である。上記粒度範囲を外れると、いずれも充填層圧力損失の低減効果が薄れるからである。なお、上記のとおり、粒度範囲に重複部分があっても良い。
ここでρ[kg/m3]:流体の密度、μ[Poise]:流体の粘性係数、u[m/sec]:流体の平均流速、Dp[m]:平均粒子直径、ε[-]:空隙率、Δp/L [Pa/m]:充填層圧力損失、とそれぞれおく。
図6に計算結果を示す。
同図から、空隙率:0.3以下の領域において、空隙率の減少に対する圧力損失の増加が大きくなり、空隙率が圧力損失に与える影響は、空隙率:0.3以下の領域で顕著であることがわかる。従って、圧損の上昇を抑制するには、空隙率を0.3以上に保つことが有効であると考えられる。
従って、本発明では、小塊コークスと小粒径鉱石の調和平均径の比および、塊コークスと大粒径鉱石の調和平均径の比を、いずれも鉱石粒径/コークス粒径の比として0.2以上とすることが好ましい。
従って、鉱石とコークスの粒経比は、大粒径鉱石と塊コークス、または小粒径鉱石と小塊コークスのいずれの組み合わせであっても、好ましくは0.1以上であって、より好ましくは0.2以上である。
一方、上記粒径比に上限は特に限定されないが、0.2~0.75程度が好ましい。
そのため、高炉の下部における湯溜り部に設けた羽口の送風管からCOを主体とする高温ガスを流入させることにより、コークス層を通って上昇するガス流が形成されると共に、混合層を通って上昇するガス流が形成される。この送風管から流入する高温ガスによって、コークスを燃焼させ、鉱石類原料を還元溶解させる。
このため、溶融層の上部側に鉱石類原料が軟化した融着帯が形成され、この融着帯の上部側で鉱石類原料の還元が行われる。
このとき、高炉の下部では、混合層において、鉱石類原料とコークスとが完全混合されて、鉱石類原料間にコークスが入り込んだ状態となり、通気性が改善されるとともに、高温ガスが直接鉱石類原料間を通過するため、伝熱遅れがなく伝熱特性を改善することができる。
このときの還元反応は、FeO+CO=Fe+CO2で表される。
また、ガス化反応は、C+CO2=2COで表される。
また、上記した説明は、3つの炉頂バンカーの場合について説明したが、塊コークス、小塊コークス、大粒径鉱石類原料および小粒径鉱石類原料を、それぞれ別の炉頂バンカーに充填しても良い。さらに、塊コークスのうち鉱石類原料への混合に供する以外の塊コークスを別の炉頂バンカーに充填しても良い。
この実験装置は、図2に示したように直径:10cmの円筒形のステンレス鋼製の筒であって、下部から所定量の空気(AIR)を吹きこむことができる。そして、上記筒の上端部および下端部には、筒内部の圧力を測定するための開孔部が設けられ、圧力計にチューブでつながっている。
ここで、以下の実施例に用いた装入原料としては、以下に示すものを用いた。
鉱石 ・・・嵩密度:1.835 g/cm3
ここに、比較例1は、コークス混合コークス原単位120kg/tのもの、発明例1は、同一諸元において、鉱石を分級し、小粒径鉱石と大粒径鉱石をそれぞれ混合したもの、発明例2は、コークス混合量をさらに増加し200kg/t-pとしたものとした。また、発明例3は、小粒径鉱石の粒径範囲を狭くし発明例2から通気性改善を図るものとした。なお、比較例1は、図2中の試料層が塊コークス+鉱石(分級なし)と小塊コークス+鉱石(分級なし)の2層、また、発明例1、2および3は、それぞれ、上記試料層が塊コークス+大粒径鉱石と小塊コークス+小粒径鉱石の2層になっている。
加えて、それぞれのコークスや、鉱石の粒度範囲、質量比率および調和平均径は、いずれも表1に示したとおりである。
それぞれの場合における充填層圧力損失の測定結果を、表1に比較して併記する。
また、測定の頻度としては、1週間に1回程度が求められ、望ましくは1日に数回の測定が良い。さらに、平均径としては、以下に示す調和平均径が高炉内の圧力損失を評価する際に適している。ここで、調和平均径:Dpは、i個に篩い分けられた試料に対して以下の式2で表される。
ここでDp[m]:粒子の調和平均径、wi[-]:篩い目毎の質量割合、dpi[m]:篩い目毎の代表粒子径、とそれぞれおく。
従って、塊コークスを排出する際には該大粒径鉱石類原料を同時に切り出し、該小塊コークスを排出する際には該小粒径鉱石類原料を同時に切り出すことで、通気抵抗を低滅できることが実証された。
12a~12c 炉頂バンカー
13 流量調整ゲート
14 集合ホッパー
15 ベルレス式装入装置
16 旋回シュート
Claims (5)
- 焼結鉱、ペレット、塊状鉱石などの鉱石類原料およびコークスの高炉装入原料を、高炉の炉頂に配設した少なくとも3つの炉頂バンカーと、該炉頂バンカーの排出口に配設されて該炉頂バンカーから排出される原料を混合して旋回シュートに供給する集合ホッパーと、該旋回シュートとを用いて、高炉内へ装入するに際し、
上記コークスを、塊コークスと小塊コークスに分級して炉頂バンカーに充填し、さらに、上記鉱石類原料を、大粒径鉱石類原料と小粒径鉱石類原料に分級して炉頂バンカーに充填したのち、該塊コークスを排出する際には該大粒径鉱石類原料を同時に切り出し、該小塊コークスを排出する際には該小粒径鉱石類原料を同時に切り出す高炉への原料装入方法。 - 前記小塊コークスの粒度範囲を10~40mmとし、かつ前記小粒径鉱石類原料の粒度範囲を3~20mmとする請求項1に記載の高炉への原料装入方法。
- 前記塊コークスの粒度範囲を30~75mmとし、かつ前記大粒径鉱石類原料の粒度範囲を10~50mmとする請求項1または2に記載の高炉への原料装入方法。
- 前記大粒径鉱石類原料と前記小粒径鉱石類原料とを分級するに際し、該大粒径鉱石類原料と該小粒径鉱石類原料の質量比率を、前記塊コークスのうち鉱石類原料への混合に供する塊コークスと前記小塊コークスとの質量比率に一致させる請求項1~3のいずれか一つに記載の高炉への原料装入方法。
- 前記小塊コークスと前記小粒径鉱石の調和平均径の比および、前記塊コークスと前記大粒径鉱石の調和平均径の比を、いずれも鉱石調和平均粒径/コークス調和平均粒径の比として0.1以上とする請求項1~4のいずれか一つに記載の高炉への原料装入方法。
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CN104313215A (zh) * | 2014-11-19 | 2015-01-28 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | 一种高炉烧结矿分级装料工艺 |
CN106133151A (zh) * | 2014-03-28 | 2016-11-16 | 杰富意钢铁株式会社 | 向高炉装入原料的方法 |
WO2017159641A1 (ja) * | 2016-03-16 | 2017-09-21 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 高炉への原料装入方法 |
JP2018070953A (ja) * | 2016-10-29 | 2018-05-10 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 高炉への原料装入方法 |
CN112609029A (zh) * | 2020-11-09 | 2021-04-06 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | 一种大型无料钟高炉高比例使用中块焦炭的冶炼方法 |
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CN107406896B (zh) * | 2015-03-30 | 2019-06-28 | 杰富意钢铁株式会社 | 向高炉中装入原料的方法 |
JP6260751B2 (ja) * | 2015-10-28 | 2018-01-17 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 高炉への原料装入方法 |
CN105803142B (zh) * | 2016-05-11 | 2018-05-01 | 武汉钢铁有限公司 | 大型高炉分粒级矿焦混合装料方法 |
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