WO2013168730A1 - ノンコートエアバッグ用織物 - Google Patents
ノンコートエアバッグ用織物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013168730A1 WO2013168730A1 PCT/JP2013/062909 JP2013062909W WO2013168730A1 WO 2013168730 A1 WO2013168730 A1 WO 2013168730A1 JP 2013062909 W JP2013062909 W JP 2013062909W WO 2013168730 A1 WO2013168730 A1 WO 2013168730A1
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- fabric
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- airbag
- pressure
- air permeability
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D1/00—Woven fabrics designed to make specified articles
- D03D1/02—Inflatable articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
- B60R21/02—Occupant safety arrangements or fittings, e.g. crash pads
- B60R21/16—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags
- B60R21/23—Inflatable members
- B60R21/235—Inflatable members characterised by their material
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
- D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
- D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/58—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products
- D01F6/60—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products from polyamides
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/88—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polycondensation products as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds
- D01F6/90—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polycondensation products as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds of polyamides
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D13/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the special disposition of the warp or weft threads, e.g. with curved weft threads, with discontinuous warp threads, with diagonal warp or weft
- D03D13/008—Woven fabrics characterised by the special disposition of the warp or weft threads, e.g. with curved weft threads, with discontinuous warp threads, with diagonal warp or weft characterised by weave density or surface weight
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
- D03D15/20—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads
- D03D15/283—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads synthetic polymer-based, e.g. polyamide or polyester fibres
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
- D03D15/40—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the yarns or threads
- D03D15/44—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the yarns or threads with specific cross-section or surface shape
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/02—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with hydrocarbons
- D06M13/03—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with hydrocarbons with unsaturated hydrocarbons, e.g. alkenes, or alkynes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
- B60R21/02—Occupant safety arrangements or fittings, e.g. crash pads
- B60R21/16—Inflatable occupant restraints or confinements designed to inflate upon impact or impending impact, e.g. air bags
- B60R21/23—Inflatable members
- B60R21/235—Inflatable members characterised by their material
- B60R2021/23504—Inflatable members characterised by their material characterised by material
- B60R2021/23509—Fabric
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
- D10B2331/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2505/00—Industrial
- D10B2505/12—Vehicles
- D10B2505/124—Air bags
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
- Y10T442/3065—Including strand which is of specific structural definition
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a non-coated airbag fabric that is one of safety devices for automobiles. More specifically, the present invention relates to a non-coated airbag fabric that does not break even when exposed to high-temperature and high-pressure gas during airbag deployment, and that is more flexible, lightweight, and compact.
- airbags which have been rapidly installed as one of the safety components of automobiles, are detected by a sensor in the event of a car crash, and the airbag is heated by high-temperature and high-pressure gas generated from the inflator. It is intended to rapidly deploy and prevent and protect the body of the driver or passenger, particularly the head, from colliding with the handle, windshield, door glass or the like.
- airbags for driver and passenger seats that respond to collisions from the front of the car, but also knee airbags that protect the knees, side airbags and side curtain airbags that respond to side collisions, and rear Air bags are also used in preparation for the collision.
- airbags that protect pedestrians that have collided are also known, and their use sites continue to increase.
- inflator a so-called stored gas inflator that releases gas by destroying the stopper of a metal container confined with an inert gas such as helium at high pressure with explosives, or a relatively small gas filled with the heat of combustion of explosives
- inert gas such as helium at high pressure with explosives
- pyroinflator a simple inflator that burns gunpowder, which is a so-called hybrid inflator and pyroinflator, which combines the gas generated from the gunpowder with the gas generated from the gunpowder at the same time is known. It is going on.
- ⁇ Pyroinflators can be reduced in size and weight, but have the disadvantage that there are many suspended particulates due to incomplete combustion components generated from explosives and explosive combustion residues. For this reason, since the temperature of the gas flowing into the airbag is higher than that of the conventional inflator, there is a problem that the thermal load applied to the airbag base fabric is large.
- an airbag using a conventional airbag fabric has a large movement distance.
- a phenomenon called “bottoming”, that is, a phenomenon in which an object collides with a joint portion of an airbag base fabric may occur.
- an airbag using a pyroinflator is a silicone-coated cloth, it will not fail the impactor test, but it is not lightweight and compact, and considering the interior design of the car Further, since it is difficult to use in parts that require compactness such as a driver's seat and a passenger seat, non-coated cloth is preferably used.
- An object of the present invention is to solve the above-described conventional problems, and to provide a non-coated base fabric for an air bag that can be used for a pyroinflator without any problem.
- the airbag fabric of the present invention has the following constitutions (1) to (6).
- Nylon 66 constituting the synthetic fiber has a sulfuric acid relative viscosity of 3.15 or more and 3.7 or less, the synthetic fiber contains a phosphorus component of 40 ppm or more and 200 ppm or less, and 20 ° C.
- the airbag fabric of the present invention does not break even when exposed to high-temperature and high-pressure gas when the airbag is deployed, and is excellent in flexibility, light weight and compactness, and is particularly suitable for a driver seat and a passenger seat.
- the airbag fabric of the present invention will be described in detail.
- the synthetic fiber used in the woven fabric of the present invention 90% by weight or more, preferably 95% by weight or more, more preferably 100% by weight of nylon 66 having excellent durability against high-temperature gas is used.
- Synthetic fibers may be obtained from raw materials that are partially or wholly reused. There is no problem even if the synthetic fiber contains various additives in order to improve process passability in the raw yarn manufacturing process and the post-processing process.
- the additive include an antioxidant, a heat stabilizer, a smoothing agent, an antistatic agent, a thickener, a flame retardant, and the like.
- this synthetic fiber yarn is a colored yarn, there is no problem.
- the relative viscosity of nylon 66 with sulfuric acid needs to be 3.15 or more and 3.7 or less.
- the lower limit of the relative viscosity is preferably 3.2 or more, and more preferably 3.3 or more.
- the upper limit of the relative viscosity is preferably 3.65 or less, more preferably 3.6 or less.
- the accumulated pressure during dynamic air permeability measurement at room temperature can be lowered, and the maximum during dynamic air permeability measurement at high temperature can be reduced.
- the ultimate pressure can be increased.
- the air permeability of the woven fabric can be kept low both at room temperature and at high temperature.
- the reason for this is considered to be that since a strain hysteresis is increased, a flexible yarn can be obtained as a yarn by increasing the relative viscosity even if a raw yarn having the same strength and elongation is prepared.
- air pressure crossing in the thickness direction of the fabric using this flexible thread is applied, the fibers and filaments that make up the fabric move relatively freely and move in the direction of filling the gaps of the fabric.
- the air permeability at the time of measuring the degree can be kept low.
- Nylon 66 must contain phenylphosphonic acid or a metal salt thereof as a phosphorus component in an amount of 40 ppm to 200 ppm per polymer weight. Phenylphosphonic acid and the like are generally used as a polymerization catalyst. However, in the present invention, even when a resin having a relatively low relative viscosity is used, the operation at a high temperature is particularly high. It is possible to obtain a high internal pressure holding performance at a static air permeability. The reason for this is considered that the phosphorus component has an effect of suppressing the breakage of the molecular chain in a high temperature state, and the molecular chain is not easily broken, so that the entanglement between the molecular chains is maintained and the yarn is difficult to stretch.
- the heat generated from the pyroinflator and the presence of the phosphorus component may cause a reaction, resulting in a longer molecular chain. It is also possible that The phosphorus component content is preferably 45 ppm or more. However, if there is too much phosphorus component, post-polymerization proceeds at the time of spinning to cause gelation, which may deteriorate the spinning operability.
- the content of the phosphorus component is preferably 150 ppm or less.
- phenylphosphonic acid or a metal salt thereof may be added at the time of solution polymerization, or phenylphosphinic acid or a metal salt thereof may be added. Any additive may be used because it is oxidized into phenylphosphonic acid and the like.
- Such a woven fabric containing a specific amount of phosphorus component is also flexible as in the case of using a high-viscosity resin, and strain hysteresis during dynamic air permeability measurement tends to increase.
- the use of phosphorus increases the maximum pressure, particularly at high temperatures, and can provide favorable performance as an airbag cushion.
- a large strain hysteresis indicates that the internal pressure is received by the entire base fabric with respect to the instantaneous pressure, and the internal pressure retention capability is high.
- the airbag can be applied to the occupant with a reduced impact, and at the same time, the amount of movement after the occupant collides with the airbag is determined, that is, the amount of “extract air from the airbag” is adjusted. This indicates that it is easy to From these points, the fabric of the present invention has preferable characteristics as an airbag.
- the difference between the carboxyl end group concentration and the amino end group concentration of nylon 66 is preferably 25 meq / kg polymer or less.
- the polymer is more preferably 1 to 23 meq / kg, and still more preferably 2 to 22 meq / kg polymer.
- the terminal group concentration difference is large, the internal pressure at the time of measuring the dynamic air permeability of the fabric in a high temperature state tends to be low.
- the amino end group concentration is higher, a tertiary amine is likely to be formed at the time of melting, so that the spinning operability tends to deteriorate.
- Nylon 66 preferably does not use a terminal blocking agent such as monoamine or monocarboxylic acid. When a terminal blocking agent is used, the effect of the phosphorus catalyst may be reduced.
- nylon 66 polymer As for some of the characteristics of the nylon 66 polymer, there are examples of examining yellowing coloring, gel generation and fatigue resistance, but there is no finding that it controls air flow to an instantaneous high-temperature gas as a fabric.
- the total fineness of the raw yarn to be used is preferably 100 dtex or more and 500 dtex or less, and more preferably 150 dtex or more and 500 dtex or less. If the total fineness is less than the above range, the tensile strength and tear strength may be insufficient, which may cause a problem in strength. If it exceeds the above range, there is no problem in strength, but the flexibility of the fabric. May damage the skin of the human body at the time of a collision.
- the mechanical properties are preferably 8.0 cN / dtex or more in terms of cutting strength, more preferably 8 in order to satisfy the mechanical properties of the fabric required when used for non-coated airbags. .3 cN / dtex or more. Higher strength is preferable, but the strength of the fiber that can be actually used is 12.0 cN / dtex or less.
- the boiling water shrinkage of the synthetic fiber used in the fabric of the present invention is preferably 6 to 15%. It is more preferably 7% or more, further preferably 8% or more, and particularly preferably 7 to 13%. If the boiling water shrinkage is smaller than the above range, it is difficult to obtain the necessary residual shrinkage of the base fabric. When the boiling water shrinkage rate is larger than the above range, the thickness of the woven fabric after shrinkage becomes thick, and at the same time, a gap is formed between the yarns in the weft and weft direction. Cheap.
- the boiling water shrinkage is measured according to JIS-L-1095-9.24 method.
- the single yarn fineness of the yarn constituting the airbag fabric of the present invention is preferably 2 dtex or more and 7 dtex or less. If the single yarn fineness exceeds the above range, the internal pressure during dynamic air permeability measurement tends to be low. On the other hand, when the single yarn fineness is narrower than the above range, the productivity of the fiber tends to deteriorate.
- the number of filaments of the yarn constituting the airbag fabric of the present invention is preferably 60 or more and 300 or less. 80 to 200 are more preferable. If the number of filaments is less than the above range, not only the storage property is likely to deteriorate, but also the internal pressure at the time of dynamic air permeability measurement tends to be low. On the other hand, when the number of filaments exceeds the above range, the productivity of the fiber tends to be deteriorated.
- the thickness of the airbag fabric of the present invention is preferably 0.32 mm or less. More preferably, it is 0.30 mm or less, More preferably, it is 0.29 mm or less. The thinner the thickness, the better the storage. However, in order to reduce the thickness, the fineness to be used becomes small, and the fabric strength may not be maintained. Therefore, the lower limit of the thickness is preferably 0.22 mm or more, more preferably 0.25 mm or more.
- the airbag fabric of the present invention is depressurized from increased pressure when the dynamic air permeability of the fabric is measured under the conditions of a maximum pressure of 80 ⁇ 5 kPa based on ASTM D6476 in an environment of 20 ° C. ⁇ 65% RH. It is necessary that the biaxial elongation strain hysteresis of the woven fabric when moving at 50 kPa is 0.69% or more. By doing so, when the airbag is inflated and deployed to catch the occupant, leakage of high temperature gas from the fabric is suppressed as much as possible, heating of the fabric due to heat exchange is suppressed, and the fabric is prevented from being broken. The internal pressure can be maintained. Although there is no upper limit on the strain hysteresis, the base fabric used for the airbag is practically 1.0% or less.
- the cover factor (CF) of the airbag fabric of the present invention is preferably 1900 or more and 2300 or less. 2000 to 2300 is more preferable.
- the cover factor is low, the physical properties (tensile strength and tear strength) required for the airbag tend to be low. Also, the cover factor has a great influence on the initial air permeability. A larger cover factor is preferable because the air permeability becomes lower, but there are limitations due to weaving and storage properties.
- the oil component remaining in the airbag fabric of the present invention is preferably 0.03 to 0.60% by weight.
- the internal pressure at the time of dynamic air permeability measurement at high temperature tends to be low.
- the effect of reducing the coefficient of friction between fibers and the effect of a film resulting from the use of a relatively low melting point oil.
- the coefficient of friction between fibers decreases, so the fibers and filaments that make up the fabric move relatively freely and move in the direction of filling the gaps of the fabric. Therefore, the internal pressure at the time of dynamic air permeability measurement can be increased.
- the oil agent having a melting point of 60 ° C. or less, when the hot gas from the inflator hits the cloth, the oil agent melts by heat, and the oil agent moves in a direction to fill the gap of the fabric, Since the surface is covered, the internal pressure during dynamic air permeability measurement can be increased.
- the oil agent is not particularly limited as long as the melting point is 60 ° C. or less, but it has an emulsion form when applied from the step of applying the oil agent, and after application, the coefficient of friction between fibers
- an oil that is present in a solid state at room temperature and melts when hot gas from the inflator hits the cloth is preferable.
- the adhesion amount to the fabric is preferably 0.04 to 0.30% by weight, more preferably 0.05 to 0.25% by weight. When the adhesion amount exceeds 0.60% by weight, the combustibility tends to deteriorate.
- limiting in particular about the provision method of an oil agent You may provide as a spinning oil agent, You may provide as a warping oil agent after providing the spinning oil agent of another component. Further, a predetermined amount of oil may be applied by dipping or coating during post-processing of the fabric.
- a value obtained by dividing the cover factor of the fabric by the average value (dtex) of the warp fineness and the weft fineness is defined as X
- the warp stiffness (N) defined by ASTM D4032 is defined as Y. It is preferable that Y ⁇ ⁇ 2.5X + 29 is satisfied.
- Lightweight and compact air bag fabric is one of the required performances, but at the same time, it needs to be strong as an airbag. Obtaining strength can also be achieved by using high fineness, but the use of high fineness increases the thickness of the fabric and inevitably increases the bending resistance.
- the present inventor derives the item of “thickness in consideration of the weave density caused by the fibers present in the fabric” by dividing the cover factor by the fineness, and clarifies an appropriate relationship between this and the bending resistance. Thus, this required performance has been achieved.
- the method for weaving the airbag fabric of the present invention is not particularly limited, but a plain weave is preferable in consideration of the uniformity of the fabric physical properties.
- the warp and weft yarns to be used need not be the same. For example, there is no problem even if the thickness, the number of yarns, and the fiber type are different.
- the effect of the olefinic oil is as described above.
- As an application method there is a method of applying as a spinning oil agent, but the efficiency is poor because it is particularly easy to fall off when weaving with a water jet. When trying to adhere with a spinning oil agent, the oil agent component is likely to be deposited on the heat roller during spinning, and it is necessary to clean it, resulting in poor productivity.
- the airbag fabric of the present invention is preferably heat set at a temperature of 160 ° C. or higher while applying a tension of 200 N / m to 800 N / m in the warp direction after weaving. If the tension in the warp direction at the time of high temperature setting is less than 200 N / m, the quality of the fabric tends to deteriorate. If it exceeds 800 N / m, the shrinkage rate tends to be high. 300 to 600 N / m is more preferable. Moreover, if it is less than 160 degreeC, a shrinkage rate will become high easily, and if it exceeds 230 degreeC, a textile fabric will change easily. 180 to 210 ° C. is more preferable.
- the treatment time is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 seconds or longer and 10 minutes or shorter, more preferably 30 seconds or longer and 5 minutes or shorter, and particularly preferably 1 minute or longer and 3 minutes or shorter.
- the airbag fabric of the present invention is required to have a warp crimp ratio of 10.0 to 13.0% and a weft crimp ratio of 6.0% or less. If the crimp ratio of the warp exceeds 13.0%, when the fabric is expanded by the pressure when the airbag is deployed, the meshed portion of the fabric is easily expanded. In particular, when the woven fabric is expanded, the mesh does not increase uniformly, but there is a non-uniformity and an easily spreadable mesh. Naturally, the amount of hot gas that passes through a larger mesh than a relatively smaller mesh is larger, so that a fabric having a particularly large mesh is more easily melted than a fabric having a uniform mesh. .
- the inventors have found that when the crimp rate is high, the movement of the yarn tends to be large and the degree of expansion is large.
- airbag fabrics have a higher warp crimp rate than weft yarns.
- the warp crimp rate By reducing the warp crimp rate, it is possible to reduce the meshing area and to increase the internal pressure during airbag deployment.
- the crimp rate of the weft exceeds 6.0%, the fabric easily melts even if the crimp rate of the warp is 13.0% or less.
- the crimp ratio of the warp is less than 10.0%, the woven fabric tends to be hard and the flexible compactness is poor.
- the upper limit of the crimp rate of the warp is preferably 12.5% or less, and more preferably 12.3% or less.
- the lower limit is preferably 10.5% or more, and more preferably 10.6% or more.
- the weft crimp ratio is preferably 5.5% or less.
- the lower limit is preferably 3.0% or more.
- Fineness The fineness was measured by the method described in JIS-L-1095-9.4.1.
- Tensile strength and elongation at break of woven fabric Measured according to JIS-L-1096-8.12.1.
- Bending softness (ASTM) Measured according to ASTM D4032 (2002).
- the pressure accumulation amount was set again, and a new sample was prepared and measured again.
- the relationship between the measured pressure and the aeration rate was taken into a computer using the L5110 evaluation program LABODATA II (manufactured by Textest) to obtain the relationship between biaxial elongation strain and pressure.
- the biaxial elongation strain hysteresis was determined from the difference between the strain amount at the time of pressure reduction at 50 kPa and the strain amount at the time of pressure increase in the obtained figure. The measurement was performed in a room controlled under an environment of 20 ° C. ⁇ 65% RH.
- the fabric after extracting the oil component by the Soxhlet method was used as a sample.
- the sample solution was prepared by dissolving the sample in 96.3 ⁇ 0.1 wt% reagent-grade concentrated sulfuric acid so that the sample concentration was 10 mg / ml, and the number of seconds of water dropping at a temperature of 20 ° C. ⁇ 0.05 ° C.
- the relative viscosity of the solution was measured using an Ostwald viscometer for 6 to 7 seconds.
- Example 1 Phenylphosphonic acid is added to the nylon 66 chip obtained by liquid phase polymerization so that the phosphorus component is 80 ppm, and further, a 5% by weight aqueous solution of copper iodide is added as an antioxidant and mixed. Then, 68 ppm was added and adsorbed as copper. Next, a 50 wt% aqueous solution of potassium iodide and a 20 wt% aqueous solution of potassium bromide were added and adsorbed to 100 parts by weight of the polymer chip to 0.1 parts by weight as potassium, respectively. Was used for solid-phase polymerization to obtain nylon 66 pellets having a sulfuric acid relative viscosity of 3.6.
- the obtained nylon 66 pellets were supplied to an extruder and melt-spun at 297 ° C.
- Each spinneret used had a number of holes corresponding to the number of filaments shown in Table 1, a discharge hole having a diameter of 0.8 mm, and a land length of 2 mm.
- the discharge amount was adjusted by a metering pump so that the total fineness would be the value shown in Table 1, and after drawing and heat setting, it was wound up.
- the obtained raw yarn had a sulfuric acid relative viscosity (RVf) of 3.57.
- RVf sulfuric acid relative viscosity
- the physical properties of the obtained raw yarn are shown in Table 1.
- the obtained raw yarn was used for warp and weft and woven in a water jet loom.
- the number of driven-in yarns was set to be 55 warps / 2.54 cm and 55 wefts / 2.54 cm. Then, it was made to pass through a hot-water shrinkage tank without drying, and it was made to pass through a dry finishing process using a suction drum dryer continuously.
- Table 1 shows the physical properties of the obtained fabric.
- the obtained woven fabric had a large strain hysteresis during dynamic air permeability measurement, and had a high maximum pressure during dynamic air permeability measurement during high-temperature heating, and was an uncoated fabric particularly suitable for a pyroinflator.
- Example 2 Except for the setting of the number of filaments in melt spinning and the single yarn fineness, spinning and drawing were carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 for weaving.
- Table 1 shows the properties of the obtained raw yarn and the properties of the woven fabric.
- the obtained woven fabric had a large strain hysteresis during dynamic air permeability measurement, and had a high maximum pressure during dynamic air permeability measurement during high-temperature heating, and was an uncoated fabric particularly suitable for a pyroinflator.
- Example 3 Solid phase polymerization, spinning, and stretching in the same manner as in Example 1 except that phenylphosphonic acid was added so that the phosphorus component was 50 ppm after liquid phase polymerization, and the relative viscosity of sulfuric acid after solid phase polymerization was 3.15. Weaving was performed.
- Table 1 shows the properties of the obtained raw yarn and the properties of the woven fabric.
- the obtained woven fabric had a large strain hysteresis during dynamic air permeability measurement, and had a high maximum pressure during dynamic air permeability measurement during high-temperature heating, and was an uncoated fabric particularly suitable for a pyroinflator.
- the phosphorus component content in the woven fabric was also 50 ppm.
- Example 4 Except for the setting of the number of filaments in melt spinning and the single yarn fineness, spinning and drawing were performed in the same manner as in Example 3 for weaving.
- Table 1 shows the properties of the obtained raw yarn and the properties of the woven fabric.
- the obtained woven fabric had a large strain hysteresis during dynamic air permeability measurement, and had a high maximum pressure during dynamic air permeability measurement during high-temperature heating, and was an uncoated fabric particularly suitable for a pyroinflator.
- Example 5 Example, except that the spinning temperature was increased and post-polymerization was performed to set the relative viscosity of the fiber to 3.28, and the number of driven yarns during weaving was set to 53 warps / 2.54 cm and 53 wefts / 2.54 cm. Polymerization, spinning and weaving were performed in the same manner as in No. 4. Table 1 shows the properties of the obtained raw yarn and the properties of the woven fabric. The obtained woven fabric had a large strain hysteresis during dynamic air permeability measurement, and had a high maximum pressure during dynamic air permeability measurement during high-temperature heating, and was an uncoated fabric particularly suitable for a pyroinflator.
- Example 6 Polymerization, spinning, and weaving were performed in the same manner as in Example 5 except that “after wax 300” (olefin fiber treatment agent) manufactured by Matsumoto Yushi Seiyaku was applied during aging.
- Table 1 shows the properties of the obtained raw yarn and the properties of the woven fabric.
- the obtained woven fabric had a large strain hysteresis during dynamic air permeability measurement, and had a high maximum pressure during dynamic air permeability measurement during high-temperature heating, and was an uncoated fabric particularly suitable for a pyroinflator.
- Example 7 Polymerization, spinning, and weaving were performed in the same manner as in Example 6 except that the single yarn fineness was set and the number of driven yarns during weaving was 61.
- Table 1 shows the properties of the obtained raw yarn and the properties of the woven fabric.
- the obtained woven fabric had a large strain hysteresis during dynamic air permeability measurement, and had a high maximum pressure during dynamic air permeability measurement during high-temperature heating, and was an uncoated fabric particularly suitable for a pyroinflator.
- Comparative Example 1 Polymerization, spinning, and weaving were performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that phenylphosphonic acid was not added after the liquid phase polymerization and RV in the solid phase polymerization was set to 3.4. Table 1 shows the properties of the obtained raw yarn and the properties of the woven fabric.
- the degree of polymerization was low, there was no phosphorus-based additive, and no olefin-based fiber treatment agent was applied, so that the airbag had a small strain hysteresis.
- the maximum pressure when measuring the dynamic air permeability during high-temperature heating was low, and the uncoated fabric was not suitable for a pyroinflator.
- Comparative Example 2 Polymerization, spinning, and weaving were performed in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the number of filaments in melt spinning and the single yarn fineness were set. Table 1 shows the properties of the obtained raw yarn and the properties of the woven fabric.
- Comparative Example 2 the degree of polymerization was low, there was no phosphorus-based additive, and no olefin-based fiber treatment agent was applied, so that the airbag had a small strain hysteresis.
- the maximum pressure when measuring the dynamic air permeability during high-temperature heating was low, and the uncoated fabric was not suitable for a pyroinflator.
- the airbag fabric of the present invention can improve the heat resistance and gas leakage prevention property of the airbag when deployed at a high temperature and pressure, and even if it is exposed to a high temperature and pressure gas during deployment of the airbag, the bag may break. In addition, it is excellent in flexibility, light weight and compactness, and is particularly suitable for use in a driver seat and a passenger seat.
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Abstract
Description
(1)ナイロン66を90重量%以上含む合成繊維からなるエアバッグ用織物であって、織物の経糸のクリンプ率が10.0~13.0%であり、織物の緯糸のクリンプ率が6.0%以下であること、合成繊維を構成するナイロン66の硫酸相対粘度が3.15以上3.7以下であること、合成繊維にリン成分が40ppm以上200ppm以下含まれること、及び20℃×65%RHの環境下でASTM D6476に基づいて最高圧力が80±5kPaとなる条件で織物の動的通気度を測定したときに、増圧から減圧に50kPaで移行する際の織物の二軸伸長歪ヒステリシスが0.69%以上1.0%以下であることを特徴とするノンコートエアバッグ用織物。
(2)オレフィン系繊維処理剤が織物に対して0.03重量%以上0.60重量%以下付着されていることを特徴とする(1)に記載のノンコートエアバッグ用織物。
(3)カバーファクターが1900以上2300以下であることを特徴とする(1)又は(2)に記載のノンコートエアバッグ用織物。
(4)合成繊維の単糸繊度が2dtex以上7dtex以下であることを特徴とする(1)~(3)のいずれかに記載のノンコートエアバッグ用織物。
(5)ナイロン66のカルボキシル末端基濃度とアミノ末端基濃度の差が25ミリ当量/kgポリマー以下であることを特徴とする(1)~(4)のいずれかに記載のノンコートエアバッグ織物。
(6)織物のカバーファクターを経糸繊度と緯糸繊度の平均値(dtex)で割った値をXとし、ASTM D4032で定義される経方向の剛軟度(N)をYとした時にY≦-2.5X+29の関係を満たすことを特徴とする(1)~(5)のいずれかに記載のノンコートエアバッグ織物。
本発明の織物に使用する合成繊維としては、高温ガスに対する耐久性に優れるナイロン66を90重量%以上、好ましくは95重量%以上、より好ましくは100重量%使用する。合成繊維は、その一部または全部が再利用された原材料より得られるものでもよい。合成繊維には、原糸製造工程や後加工工程での工程通過性を向上させるために、各種添加剤を含有していても何ら問題はない。添加剤としては、例えば、酸化防止剤、熱安定剤、平滑剤、帯電防止剤、増粘剤、難燃剤等が挙げられる。また、この合成繊維糸条は、着色糸条であっても何ら問題はない。
カバーファクター=(経糸繊度[dtex]*0.9)(1/2)×(経糸密度[本/2.54cm])+(緯糸繊度[dtex]*0.9)(1/2)×(緯糸密度[本/2.54cm])
JIS-L-1095-9.4.1に記載の方法で測定した。
(2)織物の引張強度および破断伸度
JIS-L-1096-8.12.1により測定した。
(3)剛軟度
JlS-L1096-6.19.1.A法(45°カンチレバー法)により測定した。
(4)剛軟度(ASTM)
ASTM D4032(2002)により測定した。
実施例、比較例の織物を20cm角で切り出し、サンプルを作成した。このサンプルを用いて、ASTM D6476に準じて通気性試験機としてテクステスト社製FX3350を用いてstrat volumeとして200cm3を使用し、各サンプルに対して蓄圧量を150kPa、200kPa、250kPaと変更して測定を行った。このデータを元に、蓄圧量に対して到達圧力をプロットし、最高圧力が80±5kPaになるように蓄圧量を設定した。
新たに同じ大きさのサンプルを作成し、上記により設定した蓄圧量にて測定を行い、最高圧力が80±5kPaの範囲であることを確認した。最高圧力がこの範囲内にない場合は再度蓄圧量を設定しなおし、新たなサンプルを用意して測定しなおした。
測定した圧力と通気速度との関係を、L5110評価プログラムLABODATA II(テクステスト社製)を用いてコンピューターに取り込み、二軸伸長歪対圧力の関係を得た。得られた図の50kPa時の降圧時の歪量と昇圧時の歪量の差から二軸伸長歪ヒステリシスを求めた。なお、測定は20℃×65%RHの環境下で制御された室内にて行った。
(6)加熱時の動的通気度および到達圧力
20cm×20cmの織物を180℃のオーブンに約1分間静置した。オーブンより取り出し、1分以内に動的通気度測定を行った。この時の織物の中心から半径3.5cmの範囲内の平均温度は50~65℃の範囲内である。動的通気度はTEXTEXT社製FX3350を用い、充填圧225kpa、充填容量200ccにて測定した。なお、測定直後の織物温度が50℃未満の場合は測定をやり直した。なお、測定装置は20℃×65%RHの環境下で制御された室内にて行った。「測定直後の織物温度」はFLIR System社製のTheamaCAM SC 640を用いて装置下部から布を直接撮影し、確認した。
ソックスレー法にて油剤成分を抽出したあとの織物を試料とした。
96.3±0.1重量%試薬特級濃硫酸中に試料濃度が10mg/mlになるように試料を溶解させてサンプル溶液を調整し、20℃±0.05℃の温度で水落下秒数6~7秒のオストワルド粘度計を用い、溶液相対粘度を測定した。測定に際し、同一の粘度計を用い、サンプル溶液を調整したときと同じ硫酸20mlの落下時間T0(秒)と、サンプル溶液20mlの落下時間T1(秒)の比より、相対粘度RVを下記の式を用いて算出した。
RV=T1/T0
ジクロルメタンで脱脂処理したナイロン66繊維試料を精秤し、これを90%フェノール水溶液に溶解させた。完全に溶解した後、0.05Nの塩酸水溶液で溶液のpHが3になるまで滴定した。滴定量からポリマー1kg当りのアミノ末端基濃度を算出した。
前記と同様な方法で脱脂処理したナイロン66繊維試料を精秤し、これを170℃のベンジルアルコールに溶解させた。完全に溶解した後にフェノールフタレイン指示薬を添加した。その後、0.1NのNaOHエチレングリコール溶液で比色滴定した。滴定量からポリマー1kg当りのカルボキシル末端基濃度を算出した。
(10)織物中のリン成分の測定
織物をステンレス製のハサミで約40mm角に切り取り十分な厚さに重ねて、(株)リガク社製のRIGAKU ZSX100e(4.0kW Rh管球)を使って蛍光X線で分析した。測定径は30mmφでファンダメンタルパラメーター法にて定量した。
液相重合で得られたナイロン66チップにリン成分が80ppmになるようフェニルホスホン酸を添加し、さらに酸化防止剤としてヨウ化銅の5重量%水溶液を添加して混合し、ポリマー重量に対して、銅として68ppm添加吸着させた。次に沃化カリウムの50重量%水溶液および臭化カリウムの20重量%水溶液をポリマーチップ100重量部に対してそれぞれ、カリウムとして0.1重量部となるよう添加吸着させ、バッチ式固相重合装置を用いて固相重合させて、硫酸相対粘度が3.6のナイロン66ペレットを得た。
得られたナイロン66ペレットをエクストルーダーへ供給し、297℃で溶融紡糸した。各紡糸口金は、表1に示すフィラメント数となるホール数がある、吐出孔が直径0.8mm、ランド長2mmのものを使用した。
吐出量は計量ポンプにより総繊度が表1に示す値となるように調節し、延伸、熱セット後、巻き取った。得られた原糸の硫酸相対粘度(RVf)は3.57であった。得られた原糸の物性を表1に示す。
得られた原糸を経糸、緯糸に用い、ウォータージェットルームにて製織した。打ち込み本数は経糸55本/2.54cm、緯糸55本/2.54cmになるように設定した。その後、乾燥させずに熱水収縮槽を通過させ、引き続きサクションドラム乾燥機を使い、乾燥仕上工程を通過させた。得られた織物の物性を表1に示す。得られた織物は動的通気度測定時の歪ヒステリシスが大きく、また、高温加熱時の動的通気度測定時の最高圧力が高く、特にパイロインフレーターに適したノンコート織物であった。
溶融紡糸でのフィラメント数、単糸繊度の設定以外は実施例1と同様に紡糸延伸を行い、製織を行った。得られた原糸の物性および織物の物性を表1に示す。得られた織物は動的通気度測定時の歪ヒステリシスが大きく、また、高温加熱時の動的通気度測定時の最高圧力が高く、特にパイロインフレーターに適したノンコート織物であった。
液相重合後にリン成分が50ppmになるようフェニルホスホン酸を添加し、固相重合後の硫酸相対粘度が3.15となるようにした以外は実施例1と同様に固相重合、紡糸、延伸、製織を行った。得られた原糸の物性および織物の物性を表1に示す。得られた織物は動的通気度測定時の歪ヒステリシスが大きく、また、高温加熱時の動的通気度測定時の最高圧力が高く、特にパイロインフレーターに適したノンコート織物であった。織物中のリン成分含有量も50ppmであった。
溶融紡糸でのフィラメント数、単糸繊度の設定以外は実施例3と同様に紡糸延伸を行い、製織を行った。得られた原糸の物性および織物の物性を表1に示す。得られた織物は動的通気度測定時の歪ヒステリシスが大きく、また、高温加熱時の動的通気度測定時の最高圧力が高く、特にパイロインフレーターに適したノンコート織物であった。
紡糸温度を高くして後重合させて、繊維の硫酸相対粘度を3.28にし、製織時の打ち込み本数を経糸53本/2.54cm、緯糸53本/2.54cmに設定した以外は実施例4と同様に重合、紡糸、製織を行った。得られた原糸の物性および織物の物性を表1に示す。得られた織物は動的通気度測定時の歪ヒステリシスが大きく、また、高温加熱時の動的通気度測定時の最高圧力が高く、特にパイロインフレーターに適したノンコート織物であった。
整経時に松本油脂製薬製の「アフターワックス300」(オレフィン系繊維処理剤)を付与した以外は実施例5と同様に重合、紡糸、製織を行った。得られた原糸の物性および織物の物性を表1に示す。得られた織物は動的通気度測定時の歪ヒステリシスが大きく、また、高温加熱時の動的通気度測定時の最高圧力が高く、特にパイロインフレーターに適したノンコート織物であった。
単糸繊度の設定と製織時の打ち込み本数を61本とした以外は実施例6と同様に重合、紡糸、整織を行った。得られた原糸の物性および織物の物性を表1に示す。得られた織物は動的通気度測定時の歪ヒステリシスが大きく、また、高温加熱時の動的通気度測定時の最高圧力が高く、特にパイロインフレーターに適したノンコート織物であった。
液相重合後にフェニルホスホン酸を添加せず、固相重合でのRVを3.4に設定した以外は実施例1と同様に重合、紡糸、製織を行った。得られた原糸の物性および織物の物性を表1に示す。この比較例1は、重合度が低く、リン系添加剤がなく、オレフィン系繊維処理剤の付与もないため、歪ヒステリシスが小さいエアバッグとなった。同時に、高温加熱時の動的通気度測定時の最高圧力が低く、パイロインフレーターに適さないノンコート織物であった。
溶融紡糸でのフィラメント数、単糸繊度の設定以外は比較例1と同様に重合、紡糸、製織を行った。得られた原糸の物性および織物の物性を表1に示す。
この比較例2は、重合度が低く、リン系添加剤がなく、オレフィン系繊維処理剤の付与もないため、歪ヒステリシスが小さいエアバッグとなった。同時に、高温加熱時の動的通気度測定時の最高圧力が低く、パイロインフレーターに適さないノンコート織物であった。
12 実施例2の測定値
13 実施例3の測定値
14 実施例4の測定値
15 実施例5の測定値
16 実施例6の測定値
17 実施例7の測定値
18 比較例1の測定値
19 比較例2の測定値
21 加圧時の曲線
22 減圧時の曲線
23 二軸伸長歪ヒステリシス
24 二軸伸長歪ヒステリシス0.69%以上の範囲
Claims (6)
- ナイロン66を90重量%以上含む合成繊維からなるエアバッグ用織物であって、織物の経糸のクリンプ率が10.0~13.0%であり、織物の緯糸のクリンプ率が6.0%以下であること、合成繊維を構成するナイロン66の硫酸相対粘度が3.15以上3.7以下であること、合成繊維にリン成分が40ppm以上200ppm以下含まれること、及び20℃×65%RHの環境下でASTM D6476に基づいて最高圧力が80±5kPaとなる条件で織物の動的通気度を測定したときに、増圧から減圧に50kPaで移行する際の織物の二軸伸長歪ヒステリシスが0.69%以上1.0%以下であることを特徴とするノンコートエアバッグ用織物。
- オレフィン系繊維処理剤が織物に対して0.03重量%以上0.60重量%以下付着されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のノンコートエアバッグ用織物。
- カバーファクターが1900以上2300以下であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載のノンコートエアバッグ用織物。
- 合成繊維の単糸繊度が2dtex以上7dtex以下であることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれかに記載のノンコートエアバッグ用織物。
- ナイロン66のカルボキシル末端基濃度とアミノ末端基濃度の差が25ミリ当量/kgポリマー以下であることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれかに記載のノンコートエアバッグ織物。
- 織物のカバーファクターを経糸繊度と緯糸繊度の平均値(dtex)で割った値をXとし、ASTM D4032で定義される経方向の剛軟度(N)をYとした時にY≦―2.5X+29の関係を満たすことを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれかに記載のノンコートエアバッグ織物。
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US14/394,420 US9889816B2 (en) | 2012-05-11 | 2013-05-08 | Non-coated woven fabric for air bag |
EP13787533.2A EP2848717B1 (en) | 2012-05-11 | 2013-05-08 | Non-coated woven fabric for air bag |
BR112014027036-8A BR112014027036B1 (pt) | 2012-05-11 | 2013-05-08 | Tecido de tecedura não revestido para a fabricação de airbag compreendendo uma fibra sintética contendo 90% em peso ou mais de nylon 66 |
KR1020147031483A KR101947220B1 (ko) | 2012-05-11 | 2013-05-08 | 비코팅 에어백용 직물 |
CN201380023900.1A CN104271822B (zh) | 2012-05-11 | 2013-05-08 | 一种无涂层安全气囊用织物 |
JP2013538377A JP5440967B1 (ja) | 2012-05-11 | 2013-05-08 | ノンコートエアバッグ用織物 |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP5788626B1 (ja) * | 2014-05-28 | 2015-10-07 | 旭化成せんい株式会社 | エアバッグ用基布およびエアバッグ |
WO2019167820A1 (ja) * | 2018-02-28 | 2019-09-06 | 東洋紡株式会社 | エアバッグ用ノンコート基布、エアバッグ用コーティング基布およびそれを用いたエアバッグ |
WO2020153446A1 (ja) * | 2019-01-23 | 2020-07-30 | 東洋紡株式会社 | エアバッグ用コーティング基布およびそれを含むエアバッグ |
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JP5505552B1 (ja) * | 2013-10-04 | 2014-05-28 | 東洋紡株式会社 | ノンコートエアバッグ用織物 |
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WO2018062333A1 (ja) | 2016-09-28 | 2018-04-05 | セーレン株式会社 | ノンコートエアバッグ用織物およびエアバッグ |
KR20240047472A (ko) * | 2022-01-10 | 2024-04-12 | 인비스타 텍스타일스 (유.케이.) 리미티드 | 차량 에어백 천 |
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- 2013-05-08 CN CN201380023900.1A patent/CN104271822B/zh active Active
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WO2015181907A1 (ja) * | 2014-05-28 | 2015-12-03 | 旭化成せんい株式会社 | エアバッグ用基布およびエアバッグ |
CN106460258B (zh) * | 2014-05-28 | 2019-11-05 | 旭化成株式会社 | 气囊用基布和气囊 |
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JPWO2019167820A1 (ja) * | 2018-02-28 | 2021-01-07 | 東洋紡株式会社 | エアバッグ用ノンコート基布、エアバッグ用コーティング基布およびそれを用いたエアバッグ |
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WO2020153446A1 (ja) * | 2019-01-23 | 2020-07-30 | 東洋紡株式会社 | エアバッグ用コーティング基布およびそれを含むエアバッグ |
CN113330150A (zh) * | 2019-01-23 | 2021-08-31 | 东洋纺株式会社 | 气囊用涂布基布和包括该气囊用涂布基布的气囊 |
JPWO2020153446A1 (ja) * | 2019-01-23 | 2021-11-25 | 東洋紡株式会社 | エアバッグ用コーティング基布およびそれを含むエアバッグ |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2848717A4 (en) | 2016-03-23 |
US20150079864A1 (en) | 2015-03-19 |
KR20150014449A (ko) | 2015-02-06 |
JPWO2013168730A1 (ja) | 2016-01-07 |
EP2848717A1 (en) | 2015-03-18 |
KR101947220B1 (ko) | 2019-02-12 |
CN104271822A (zh) | 2015-01-07 |
US9889816B2 (en) | 2018-02-13 |
BR112014027036B1 (pt) | 2021-09-14 |
EP2848717B1 (en) | 2016-12-21 |
JP5440967B1 (ja) | 2014-03-12 |
CN104271822B (zh) | 2016-07-27 |
BR112014027036A2 (pt) | 2021-07-06 |
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