WO2013166919A1 - 漏抗可调整结构的多相永磁电机 - Google Patents

漏抗可调整结构的多相永磁电机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013166919A1
WO2013166919A1 PCT/CN2013/074773 CN2013074773W WO2013166919A1 WO 2013166919 A1 WO2013166919 A1 WO 2013166919A1 CN 2013074773 W CN2013074773 W CN 2013074773W WO 2013166919 A1 WO2013166919 A1 WO 2013166919A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
stator
thin
core
coil
slot
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PCT/CN2013/074773
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
寇宝泉
曹海川
李伟力
张晓晨
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哈尔滨工业大学
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Application filed by 哈尔滨工业大学 filed Critical 哈尔滨工业大学
Priority to JP2015510618A priority Critical patent/JP6215913B2/ja
Publication of WO2013166919A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013166919A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K41/00—Propulsion systems in which a rigid body is moved along a path due to dynamo-electric interaction between the body and a magnetic field travelling along the path
    • H02K41/02—Linear motors; Sectional motors
    • H02K41/03—Synchronous motors; Motors moving step by step; Reluctance motors
    • H02K41/031—Synchronous motors; Motors moving step by step; Reluctance motors of the permanent magnet type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/14—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/46—Fastening of windings on the stator or rotor structure
    • H02K3/47—Air-gap windings, i.e. iron-free windings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a multi-phase permanent magnet motor with a leakage resistance adjustable structure, belonging to the field of electric machines.
  • the non-grooved permanent magnet brushless motor integrates permanent magnet, brushless and slotless, which fundamentally solves the low output force, large torque fluctuation, hysteresis and eddy current loss, magnetic saturation of the conventional cogging permanent magnet synchronous motor. High noise, low efficiency and slow response.
  • the excitation coil on the rotor is eliminated, which is energy-efficient; the brushless structure realizes no brush, no commutator, no spark, high power-to-weight ratio; adopts a grooveless structure, and has large winding distribution space and heat dissipation.
  • the armature has low copper consumption, the core is not saturated, the iron consumption (eddy current, hysteresis loss) is small, the cogging effect is eliminated, the cogging torque fluctuation is eliminated, the armature winding inductance is small, the system response is fast, and the slotless winding structure is The air gap is large, which can greatly reduce the influence of the armature reaction, so that the motor has the characteristics of stable operation, strong overload capability, low noise and reliable operation.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic view showing the structure of a conventional slotless permanent magnet synchronous motor.
  • the motor is an 8-pole 6-coil structure, the windings are concentrated fractional-slot windings, and the six coils are evenly distributed on the inner surface of the cylindrical stator core.
  • the advantage of the winding is that the ends do not overlap, so the ends of the windings are short, the insulation characteristics are good, the process of the motor is simple, and the manufacturing is easy.
  • the structure of the slotless permanent magnet motor has small reactance and is not adjustable. When the PWM type power amplifier is used, the current harmonic is large, so the torque fluctuation of the motor is large; in order to reduce the current harmonic, the winding and the power are needed.
  • the series inductance between the amplifiers makes the system costly, bulky, and low in reliability; the winding fixing process is complicated, the cost is high, the winding loss is large, the temperature rises, the equivalent air gap of the motor is large, and the torque density is low.
  • the invention solves the problems of large volume, complicated process, large winding loss and low torque density of the existing slotless permanent magnet motor, and proposes a multiphase permanent magnet motor scheme with leakage resistance adjustable structure.
  • the invention provides the following four-phase multi-phase permanent magnet motor with leakage resistance adjustable structure:
  • the first structure a multi-phase permanent magnet motor with a leakage resistance adjustable structure
  • the permanent magnet motor is a cylindrical rotating electrical machine including a stator and a rotor, an air gap between the rotor and the stator
  • the stator includes a stator core and a stator a winding and a casing, the stator further comprising a coil bobbin
  • the stator core is annular
  • the inner surface of the stator core is smooth
  • an outer surface of the stator core is axially opened
  • the through slot is a stator core slot
  • the coil bobbin is composed of a thin wall cylinder and km thin partitions, wherein k is a natural number, m is The number of phases of the stator winding.
  • the thin baffle is elongated, and the k thin baffles are radially fixed on the inner side of the thin-walled cylinder.
  • the plane of each thin baffle is parallel to the axial direction of the motor, and a thin plate is formed between the adjacent two thin baffles.
  • the outer side wall of the thin-walled cylinder is fixed on the inner surface of the stator core;
  • the armature winding is composed of km coils, and one effective edge of each coil is axially embedded in one of the wire cavities of the coil bobbin, and the other is effective Embedded in a core slot corresponding to the radial direction of the wire groove, the stator winding is potted with epoxy resin
  • the second structure a multi-phase permanent magnet motor with a leakage resistance adjustable structure
  • the permanent magnet motor is a cylindrical rotating electrical machine including a stator and a rotor, an air gap between the rotor and the stator
  • the stator includes a stator core and a stator a winding and a casing, the stator further comprising a coil bobbin
  • the stator core is annular
  • the inner surface of the stator core is smooth
  • an outer surface of the stator core is axially opened
  • the through slot is a stator core slot
  • the coil bobbin is composed of a thin wall cylinder and km thin partitions, wherein k is a natural number, m is The number of phases of the stator winding, the thin baffle is elongated, and the k thin baffles are radially fixed on the inner side of the thin-walled cylinder, and the plane of each thin baffle is parallel to the axial direction of the motor, and the adjacent two thin A wire groove is formed between the partition plates, and the outer side wall of the thin wall cylinder is fixed on the inner surface of the stator core; the armature winding is composed of km to coil, and an effective edge of each pair of coils is axially embedded in one line of the coil bobbin Inside the slot, the other has The effect edge is embedded in the core slot corresponding to the radial direction of the wire groove, wherein one coil is located at the bottom of the groove and the other coil is located at the upper portion thereof, and the cross section of each pair of coils is a segment of the ring, the cross section being perpendicular
  • the third structure a multi-phase permanent magnet motor with a leakage resistance adjustable structure
  • the permanent magnet motor is a cylindrical rotating electrical machine including a stator and a rotor, an air gap between the rotor and the stator
  • the stator includes a stator core and a stator a winding and a casing, the stator further comprising a coil bobbin
  • the stator core is annular
  • the inner surface of the stator core is smooth
  • an outer surface of the stator core is axially opened
  • the through slot is a stator core slot 2km iron core grooves are evenly distributed along the circumference of the outer surface of the stator core
  • a coil bobbin is mounted on the inner wall of the stator core.
  • the fourth structure a multi-phase permanent magnet motor with a leakage resistance adjustable structure, the permanent magnet motor linear motor comprising a primary and a secondary, an air gap between the primary and secondary;
  • the primary comprises a primary core, a primary winding And a thrust output plate, characterized in that it further comprises a coil bobbin, the primary core is in the shape of a flat plate, the air gap side of the primary core is a smooth plane, and the side surface of the primary core facing away from the air gap is provided with a through groove in a lateral direction.
  • the through groove is an iron core groove, and k core grooves are uniformly distributed along the primary and secondary relative movement directions on the surface of the primary core, k is a natural number, m is a winding phase number;
  • the coil skeleton is made of a thin plate and km+1 thin a partition plate, one side of the thin plate is fixed on the air gap side surface of the armature core, and the other side of the thin plate is fixed with km+1 thin baffles, and the km+1 thin baffles are parallel to each other and along the primary
  • the secondary relative motion direction is evenly distributed, and a line groove is formed between two adjacent thin baffles, the km troughs respectively corresponding to km iron troughs;
  • the primary winding is composed of km coils, one effective for each coil Embedded in a wire slot, Another effective edge is embedded in the core slot corresponding to the wire slot; the slotted side of the primary core is fixed to the thrust output plate.
  • the leakage reactance of the motor can be determined according to the requirements of the drive system, so that the optimal winding current harmonic suppression can be achieved, which can reduce the motor torque fluctuation and reduce the copper loss of the stator. Rotor eddy current loss, improve motor efficiency;
  • the winding Since there is no overlap between the coils, the winding is easy to insulate and has high reliability; the winding ends are short, and the winding resistance and winding copper consumption are low;
  • the forced air cooling or liquid cooling technology can be used to directly cool the coil side in the back slot of the stator core. Therefore, the cooling effect is good, the temperature rise of the motor is low, and the service life is long.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a multi-phase permanent magnet motor with a leakage resistance adjustable structure according to a first embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the permanent magnet motor of FIG. 1 after the casing is removed.
  • 3 is a schematic structural view of a multi-phase permanent magnet motor with a leakage resistance adjustable structure of an open slot structure according to the first embodiment.
  • 4 is a schematic structural view of a multi-phase permanent magnet motor with a leakage resistance adjustable structure of a semi-open groove structure according to a first embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a stator core and a bobbin of a permanent magnet motor according to the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a multiphase permanent magnet motor with a leakage resistance adjustable structure according to a second embodiment.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a multi-phase permanent magnet motor with a leakage resistance adjustable structure according to Embodiment 3.
  • Fig. 8 is a structural schematic view of the motor shown in Fig. 7 after the casing is removed.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of a multi-phase permanent magnet motor with a leakage resistance adjustable structure according to a third embodiment.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural view of a multi-phase permanent magnet motor with a leakage resistance adjustable structure according to Embodiment 3.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic view showing the sectional structure of the stator of the motor described in the first, second or third embodiment.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural view of a movable secondary flat-plate type linear motor according to a seventh embodiment.
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic view showing the structure of a movable primary flat-type linear motor according to a seventh embodiment.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic view showing the structure of a conventional slotless permanent magnet synchronous motor.
  • a multi-phase permanent magnet motor with a leakage resistance adjustable structure is a cylindrical rotating electrical machine including a stator and a rotor, an air gap between the rotor and the stator, and the stator includes a stator core 1 and a stator winding And the casing 2, the stator further includes a coil bobbin 3, the stator core is circular, the inner surface of the stator core is smooth, and the outer surface of the stator core is opened in the axial direction, and the through slot is a stator core In the slot 1-1, km core slots are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the outer surface of the stator core, and a bobbin 3 is mounted on the inner wall of the stator core.
  • the bobbin consists of a thin-walled cylinder 3-1 and km thin spacers 3- 2, wherein k is a natural number and m is the number of phases of the stator winding.
  • the thin baffle 3-2 is elongated, and the k thin baffles 3-2 are radially fixed on the inner side of the thin-walled cylinder 3-1, and the plane of each thin baffle 3-2 is parallel to the axial direction of the motor.
  • a wire groove 3-3 is formed between two adjacent thin partition plates, and an outer side wall of the thin wall cylinder 3-1 is fixed on an inner surface of the stator core;
  • the armature winding is composed of km coils, one of each coil The effective edge is axially embedded in one of the slots 3-3 of the bobbin 3, and the other effective side is embedded in the core slot 1-1 corresponding to the radial direction of the slot, the stator winding is epoxy Drain 4 seals.
  • the km core slots are in one-to-one correspondence with the km slots, and the center lines of the corresponding core slots and the slot are on the same radius.
  • the multi-phase permanent magnet motor with leakage resistance adjustable structure is a cylindrical rotating electric machine including a stator and a rotor, an air gap between the rotor and the stator, and the stator includes a stator core 1, a stator winding and a machine
  • the housing 2 further includes a bobbin 3 having a circular ring shape, a smooth inner surface of the stator core, and an outer surface of the stator core opening a slot in the axial direction, the through slot being a stator core slot 1 -1, km iron core grooves are evenly distributed along the circumference of the outer surface of the stator core, and a coil bobbin 3 is mounted on the inner wall of the stator core, and the coil bobbin is composed of a thin-walled cylinder 3-1 and km thin baffles 3-2 Where k is a natural number, m is the number of phases of the stator winding, the
  • the other effective side is embedded in the core slot 1-1 corresponding to the radial direction of the slot, one coil is located at the bottom of the slot, and the other coil is located at the upper portion thereof, and the cross section of each pair of coils is round.
  • a section of the ring, the cross section being perpendicular to the axial direction of the motor, the cross-sectional areas of the two coils of the pair of coils being equal, and the coil at the bottom is immediately adjacent to the left slot wall, and the coil at the top is adjacent to the right slot wall,
  • the pair of coils do not belong to the same phase, are located in adjacent slots and the adjacent two coils belong to the same phase, and the stator windings are potted with epoxy resin.
  • the km core slots are in one-to-one correspondence with the km slots, and the center lines of the corresponding core slots and the slot are on the same radius.
  • the multi-phase permanent magnet motor with leakage resistance adjustable structure is a cylindrical rotating electric machine including a stator and a rotor, an air gap between the rotor and the stator, and the stator includes a stator core 1, a stator winding and a machine
  • the housing 2 further includes a bobbin 3 having a circular ring shape, a smooth inner surface of the stator core, and an outer surface of the stator core opening a slot in the axial direction, the through slot being a stator core slot 1 -1, 2 km of iron core grooves are evenly distributed along the circumference of the outer surface of the stator core, and a coil bobbin 3 is mounted on the inner wall of the stator core, and the coil bobbin is composed of a thin-walled cylinder 3-1 and 2 km thin baffles 3-2 Where k is a natural number, m is the number of phases
  • the armature winding in the present embodiment determines the winding connection relationship of each phase based on the principle of the phase difference (360°/m) electrical angle between the respective phase windings.
  • the meaning of the first coil or the lower coil in the +1 line slot to form the first pole phase winding belonging to the same phase is: under the first pole, the lower coil or the upper coil in the first coil skeleton slot, The two coils, ..., the qth coil, the upper layer coil or the lower layer coil in the q+1th slot belong to the same phase, for example, the A phase, and the coils of the first pole are connected in series to form the phase A.
  • a pole phase group, and so on can obtain the phase A groups of the other phases, and the phase A of the phase A can be connected in series or in parallel to obtain the phase A winding.
  • the winding connection relationship of the remaining phases can be obtained.
  • the 2km core slot described in this embodiment has a one-to-one correspondence with 2km slots, and the center lines of the corresponding core slots and the slot are located on the same radius.
  • FIG. 9 and 10 are two specific examples of the present embodiment, wherein the state in which two coils of number N are embedded in the same groove in FIG. 9 is: one of the coils having the number N is located at the bottom of the groove, and the other is Located thereon, the contact faces of the two coils are arcuate faces parallel to the surface of the casing.
  • the two coils with the number N are embedded in the same slot: the bottom of one coil is located at the bottom of the slot, one side of the coil occupies one side of the slot, and two coils of number N are
  • the axial cross section is approximately triangular, and the common line of two approximately triangles is a straight line or a sinusoidal or cosine curve segment between 0° and 90°.
  • the rotor comprises a permanent magnet and a yoke structure.
  • the outer rotor or the inner rotor motor may be used.
  • a cooling pipe for cooling is disposed between the stator and the casing, and the cooling pipe may be embedded in the outer surface of the stator.
  • the inner surface of the stator may also be grooved in the axial direction to form a coil groove, so that the coil bobbin 3 may not be used.
  • the stator core is a circumferential segmented structure, that is, the stator core is formed into a cylindrical core by a plurality of segments of the arc core in a circumferential direction, as shown in FIG.
  • the material of the casing 2 is a non-magnetic material.
  • the armature core after the completion of the embedded winding is mounted in a cylindrical casing made of a high-strength non-magnetic material, which simplifies the motor manufacturing process.
  • the present embodiment is further limited to the multi-phase permanent magnet motor with a leakage resistance adjustable structure according to the third embodiment.
  • a wire slot with two coils of number N is embedded.
  • one of the two coils having the number N is located at the bottom of the slot, and the other is located at the top of the slot, and the two coils are tightly coupled and filled with the full slot.
  • the present embodiment is further limited to the multi-phase permanent magnet motor with a leakage resistance adjustable structure according to the third or fourth embodiment.
  • two turns in the same slot The area of the cross section of the coil of N is equal, and the plane of the cross section is perpendicular to the axial direction of the motor.
  • the present embodiment is further limited to the multi-phase permanent magnet motor with the leakage resistance adjustable structure described in the fifth embodiment.
  • the two parameters in the same slot are N.
  • the cross section of the coil is a part of a ring centered on the center of the motor shaft. See Figure 9.
  • the present embodiment is further defined by the multi-phase permanent magnet motor with the leakage resistance adjustable structure described in the fifth embodiment.
  • the cross-sections of the two coils in the coil bobbin slot are similar.
  • the shape of the triangle, the two similar triangles of the two coils together form exactly one slot.
  • the common side of the two triangle-like triangles may be a straight line segment or a sinusoidal segment or a cosine curve segment between 0° and 90°.
  • the multi-phase permanent magnet motor with leakage resistance adjustable structure is a linear motor, which includes a primary and a secondary, and an air gap between the primary and secondary; the primary includes a primary core, a primary winding, and a thrust output.
  • a plate further comprising a coil bobbin the primary core is in the shape of a flat plate, the air gap side of the primary core is a smooth plane, and the side surface of the primary core facing away from the air gap is provided with a through groove in a lateral direction, and the through slot is a core slot
  • the coil bobbin is composed of a thin plate and km+1 thin baffles, one side of the thin plate Fixed on the air gap side surface of the armature core, the other side of the thin plate is fixed with km+1 thin baffles, the km+1 thin baffles are parallel to each other and evenly distributed along the primary and secondary relative motion directions a wire trough is formed between two adjacent thin baffles, wherein the km troughs respectively correspond to km iron troughs;
  • the primary winding is composed of km coils, and one effective side of each coil is embedded
  • the thrust output plate is made of a non-magnetic material.
  • the present embodiment is further limited to the multi-phase permanent magnet motor having the leakage resistance adjustable structure according to the seventh embodiment.
  • the motor is a dynamic primary or a dynamic secondary.
  • the present embodiment is further defined by a multi-phase permanent magnet motor with a leakage resistance adjustable structure according to the first embodiment, the second, the third or the seventh embodiment.
  • the stator core slot 1- The groove type of 1 is an open groove, a closed groove or a semi-open groove.
  • the leakage force of the motor can be changed by setting the groove shape of the core groove 1-1.
  • the leakage resistance of the motor is relatively small, and when the leakage resistance is required to be large, the core can be The groove shape of the groove is changed to a semi-open groove, and the leakage resistance is the largest when the closed groove is used.
  • the present embodiment is further defined by the multi-phase permanent magnet motor of the leakage resistance adjustable structure according to the first embodiment, the second, the third or the seventh embodiment.
  • the nail core slot is The groove shape of 1-1 is an open groove or a semi-closed groove, and at the opening of each core groove 1-1, the magnetic powder is mixed with the epoxy resin to be sealed.
  • the epoxy resin mixed with the magnetic powder is filled in the core groove, and the purpose of adjusting the leakage magnetic permeability in the groove can be achieved, that is, the leakage flux in the groove can be changed by adjusting the content of the magnetic powder, thereby adjusting the leakage. anti.
  • the core groove can be filled with only the magnetic powder.
  • the multiphase permanent magnet motor solution with leakage resistance adjustable structure proposed by the invention is applicable to both integer slot windings and fractional slot windings, and is suitable for both normal windings and superconducting windings, and is suitable for electric motors. It is also suitable for generators. It is suitable for both surface permanent magnet rotors, embedded permanent magnet rotors and Halbach permanent magnet rotors. It is suitable for both single-sided primary linear motors and bilateral primary linear motors.

Abstract

一种漏抗可调整结构的多相永磁电机，该电机既可以为圆筒旋转电机还可以是平板直线电机，定子铁芯（1）的气隙侧为光滑面，定子铁芯（1）的另一侧沿轴向开有定子铁芯槽（1-1），多个定子铁芯槽（1-1）在定子表面均匀分布，定子铁芯（1）的气隙侧固定设置有线圈骨架（3），该线圈骨架（3）沿圆周方向均匀分布设置有多个线槽（3-3），多个线槽（3-3）与多个定子铁芯槽（1-1）一一对应，相对应的线槽（3-3）和定子铁芯槽（1-1）的中心线位于同一个半径上，电枢绕组的线圈的一个有效边嵌入线槽（3-3）中，该线圈的另一个有效边嵌入与该线槽（3-3）对应的定子铁芯槽（1-1）内，定子铁芯槽（1-1）为开口槽、闭口槽或半开口槽。该电机解决了现有无槽结构永磁电机存在的体积大、工艺复杂、绕组损耗大和转矩密度低的问题。

Description

漏抗可调整结构的多相永磁电机 技术领域
本发明是涉及漏抗可调整结构的多相永磁电机，属于电机领域。
 背景技术
无槽结构永磁无刷电机集永磁、无刷、无槽于一体，从根本上解决了传统齿槽结构永磁同步电机出力低、力矩波动大、磁滞和涡流损耗大、磁饱和、噪音大、效率低和响应慢等问题。通过采用永磁体励磁，取消了转子上的励磁线圈，高效节能；无刷结构实现了无电刷、无换向器、无火花、功率重量比高；采用无槽结构，绕组分布空间大，散热好，电枢铜耗小，铁芯不饱和，铁耗（涡流、磁滞损耗）小，消除齿槽效应，消除齿槽力矩波动，电枢绕组电感小，系统响应快，同时无槽绕组结构气隙大，可大幅度降低电枢反应的影响，使电机具有运行平稳、过载能力强、噪音低、工作可靠等特点。
图14所示为传统的无槽结构永磁同步电机的结构示意图。该电机为8极6线圈结构，绕组为集中分数槽绕组，6个线圈在圆筒形定子铁心内表面均布。该绕组的优点是端部不相重叠，因此绕组的端部短，绝缘特性好，电机的工艺简单、制造容易。但是，该结构无槽结构永磁电机的电抗小且不可调整，采用PWM型功率放大器驱动时，电流谐波大，因此电机的转矩波动大；为了减小电流谐波，需要在绕组与功率放大器之间串联电感，从而系统的成本高、体积大、可靠性低；绕组固定工艺复杂、成本高，绕组的损耗大、温升高，电机的等效气隙大、转矩密度低。
 技术问题
本发明为了解决现有无槽结构永磁电机存在的体积大、工艺复杂、绕组损耗大和转矩密度低的问题，提出漏抗可调整结构的多相永磁电机方案。
 技术解决方案
本发明提供以下四种结构的漏抗可调整结构的多相永磁电机：
第一种结构：漏抗可调整结构的多相永磁电机，该永磁电机是圆筒旋转电机，它包括定子和转子，所述转子和定子之间是气隙，定子包括定子铁心、定子绕组和机壳，所述定子还包括线圈骨架，所述定子铁心为圆环形，定子铁心的内表面光滑，所述定子铁心的外表面沿轴向开通槽，该通槽为定子铁芯槽，在定子铁心的外表面沿圆周均匀分布有km个铁心槽，在定子铁心的内壁上安装线圈骨架，线圈骨架由一个薄壁筒和km个薄隔板构成，其中，k为自然数，m为定子绕组的相数，。所述薄隔板为长条形，km个薄隔板呈辐射状固定在薄壁筒内侧，每个薄隔板所在平面与电机轴向平行，相邻的两个薄隔板之间形成一个线槽，薄壁筒的外侧壁固定在定子铁心的内表面上；电枢绕组由km个线圈构成，每个线圈的一个有效边沿轴向嵌放于线圈骨架的一个线槽内，另一个有效边嵌放在与该线槽径向对应的铁芯槽内，所述定子绕组用环氧树脂灌封
第二种结构：漏抗可调整结构的多相永磁电机，该永磁电机是圆筒旋转电机，它包括定子和转子，所述转子和定子之间是气隙，定子包括定子铁心、定子绕组和机壳，所述定子还包括线圈骨架，所述定子铁心为圆环形，定子铁心的内表面光滑，所述定子铁心的外表面沿轴向开通槽，该通槽为定子铁芯槽，在定子铁心的外表面沿圆周均匀分布有km个铁心槽，在定子铁心的内壁上安装线圈骨架，线圈骨架由一个薄壁筒和km个薄隔板构成，其中，k为自然数，m为定子绕组的相数，所述薄隔板为长条形，km个薄隔板呈辐射状固定在薄壁筒内侧，每个薄隔板所在平面与电机轴向平行，相邻的两个薄隔板之间形成一个线槽，薄壁筒的外侧壁固定在定子铁心的内表面上；电枢绕组由km对线圈构成，每对线圈的一个有效边沿轴向嵌放于线圈骨架的一个线槽内，另一个有效边嵌放在与该线槽径向对应的铁芯槽内，其中一个线圈位于槽底部，另一个线圈位于其上部，每对线圈的横截面为圆环的一段，所述横截面垂直于电机轴向，该对线圈中的两个线圈的横截面的面积相等，且位于底部的线圈紧邻左侧槽壁，位于顶部的线圈紧邻右侧槽壁，该对线圈不属于同一相，相邻线槽内相邻的两个线圈属于同一相，所述定子绕组用环氧树脂灌封。
第三种结构：漏抗可调整结构的多相永磁电机，该永磁电机是圆筒旋转电机，它包括定子和转子，所述转子和定子之间是气隙，定子包括定子铁心、定子绕组和机壳，所述定子还包括线圈骨架，所述定子铁心为圆环形，定子铁心的内表面光滑，所述定子铁心的外表面沿轴向开通槽，该通槽为定子铁芯槽，在定子铁心的外表面沿圆周均匀分布有2km个铁心槽，在定子铁心的内壁上安装线圈骨架，线圈骨架由一个薄壁筒和2km个薄隔板构成，其中，k为自然数，m为定子绕组的相数，所述薄隔板为长条形，2km个薄隔板呈辐射状固定在薄壁筒内侧，每个薄隔板所在平面与电机轴向平行，相邻的两个薄隔板之间形成一个线槽，薄壁筒的外侧壁固定在定子铁心的内表面上；电枢绕组中包括有多个匝数为2N的线圈和多个匝数为N的线圈，其中N是不为0的自然数，q=2k/2p，p为电机的极对数；第1个、第（q+1）个、第（2q+1）个、第（3q+1）个、……、第（2km-1）个线槽中嵌入有两个匝数为N的线圈的有效边，这两个匝数为N的线圈的另两个有效边嵌放在与该线槽径向对应的铁心槽中，这两个匝数为N的线圈的线圈边分别属于不同的相；其余的线槽中均嵌入有匝数为2N的线圈的有效边；在同一个极对应的位置，第1线槽中的下层线圈或上层线圈、第2个线槽中的线圈、……、第q个线槽中的线圈、第（q+1）个线槽中的上层线圈或下层线圈串联构成属于同一相的第一个极相绕组，将属于同一相的极相绕组串联或并联组成一相绕组；所述定子绕组用环氧树脂灌封
第四种结构：漏抗可调整结构的多相永磁电机，该永磁电机直线电机，它包括初级和次级，所述初级和次级之间为气隙；初级包括初级铁心、初级绕组和推力输出板，其特征在于，它还包括线圈骨架，所述初级铁心为平板形，初级铁心的气隙侧为光滑平面，所述初级铁心的背离气隙侧表面沿横向开有通槽，所述通槽为铁心槽，在初级铁心的表面沿初级和次级相对运动方向均匀分布有km个铁心槽，k为自然数，m为绕组相数；线圈骨架由一个薄板和km+1个薄隔板构成，薄板的一面固定在电枢铁心的气隙侧表面上，所述薄板的另一面固定km+1个薄隔板，所述km+1个薄隔板相互平行、且沿初级和次级相对运动方向均匀分布，相邻两个薄隔板之间形成线槽，所述km个线槽分别与km个铁心槽相对应；初级绕组由km个线圈构成，每个线圈的一个有效边嵌入一个线槽内，其另一个有效边嵌入在与该线槽相对应的铁心槽内；所述初级铁心的开槽侧固定在推力输出板上。根据权利要求1所述的漏抗可调整结构的多相永磁电机，其特征在于，所述线圈骨架的材料是绝缘的非金属材料
 有益效果
本发明所述的漏抗可调整结构的多相永磁电机具有如下特点：
（1）通过优化调整铁心背部槽型，可以根据驱动系统要求来确定电机漏抗大小，从而能够实现最优绕组电流谐波抑制，既可以减小电机转矩波动，又可以降低定子铜耗与转子涡流损耗、提高电机效率；
（2）由于一半的绕组有效边嵌放在铁心背部槽中，因此，电机的等效气隙小，气隙磁密高，电机的转矩密度和功率密度大；
（3）由于定子铁心气隙侧没有齿槽，因此消除了定位转矩，降低了电机的转矩波动；
（4）由于线圈绕在铁心上，因此，绕组的结构强度与槽满率高，绕组的定位精度好；
（5）由于线圈之间没有交叠，因此绕组的绝缘容易，可靠性高；绕组端部短，绕组电阻和绕组铜耗低；
（6）可以采用强制风冷或液冷技术对定子铁心背部槽中线圈边直接冷却，因此，冷却效果好，电机的温升低、寿命长。
 附图说明
图1是具体实施方式一所述的一种漏抗可调整结构的多相永磁电机的结构示意图。图2是图1所述永磁电机去掉机壳之后的结构示意图。图3是具体实施方式一所述的一种开口槽结构的漏抗可调整结构的多相永磁电机的结构示意图。图4是具体实施方式一所述的一种半开口槽结构的漏抗可调整结构的多相永磁电机的结构示意图。图5是具体实施方式一所述的一种永磁电机的定子铁心和线圈架组合之后的结构示意图。图6是具体实施方式二所述的一种漏抗可调整结构的多相永磁电机的结构示意图。图7是具体实施方式三所述的一种漏抗可调整结构的多相永磁电机的结构示意图。图8是图7所示的电机去掉机壳之后的结构示意图。图9是具体实施方式三所述的一种漏抗可调整结构的多相永磁电机的结构示意图。图10是具体实施方式三所述的一种漏抗可调整结构的多相永磁电机的结构示意图。图11是具体实施方式一、二或三中所述的电机定子的分段结构的示意图。图12是具体实施方式七所述的一种动次级的平板型直线电机的结构示意图。图13是具体实施方式七所述的一种动初级的平板型直线电机的结构示意图。图14是传统的无槽结构永磁同步电机的结构示意图。
 本发明的最佳实施方式
本发明的实施方式
具体实施方式一、参见图1至5说明本实施方式。本实施方式所述的一种漏抗可调整结构的多相永磁电机是圆筒旋转电机，它包括定子和转子，所述转子和定子之间是气隙，定子包括定子铁心1、定子绕组和机壳2，所述定子还包括线圈骨架3，所述定子铁心为圆环形，定子铁心的内表面光滑，所述定子铁心的外表面沿轴向开通槽，该通槽为定子铁芯槽1-1，在定子铁心的外表面沿圆周均匀分布有km个铁心槽，在定子铁心的内壁上安装线圈骨架3，线圈骨架由一个薄壁筒3-1和km个薄隔板3-2构成，其中，k为自然数，m为定子绕组的相数，。所述薄隔板3-2为长条形，km个薄隔板3-2呈辐射状固定在薄壁筒3-1内侧，每个薄隔板3-2所在平面与电机轴向平行，相邻的两个薄隔板之间形成一个线槽3-3，薄壁筒3-1的外侧壁固定在定子铁心的内表面上；电枢绕组由km个线圈构成，每个线圈的一个有效边沿轴向嵌放于线圈骨架3的一个线槽3-3内，另一个有效边嵌放在与该线槽径向对应的铁芯槽1-1内，所述定子绕组用环氧树脂灌4封。
本实施方式中的km个铁心槽与km个线槽一一对应，相对应的铁心槽和线槽的中心线位于同一半径上。
当km=12时，本实施方式所述的永磁电机参见图1和2所示。
具体实施方式二、参见图6和7所示说明本实施方式。本实施方式所述的漏抗可调整结构的多相永磁电机是圆筒旋转电机，它包括定子和转子，所述转子和定子之间是气隙，定子包括定子铁心1、定子绕组和机壳2，所述定子还包括线圈骨架3，所述定子铁心为圆环形，定子铁心的内表面光滑，所述定子铁心的外表面沿轴向开通槽，该通槽为定子铁芯槽1-1，在定子铁心的外表面沿圆周均匀分布有km个铁心槽，在定子铁心的内壁上安装线圈骨架3，线圈骨架由一个薄壁筒3-1和km个薄隔板3-2构成，其中，k为自然数，m为定子绕组的相数，所述薄隔板3-2为长条形，km个薄隔板3-2呈辐射状固定在薄壁筒3-1内侧，每个薄隔板3-2所在平面与电机轴向平行，相邻的两个薄隔板之间形成一个线槽3-3，薄壁筒3-1的外侧壁固定在定子铁心的内表面上；电枢绕组由km对线圈构成，每对线圈的一个有效边沿轴向嵌放于线圈骨架3的一个线槽3-3内，另一个有效边嵌放在与该线槽径向对应的铁芯槽1-1内，其中一个线圈位于槽底部，另一个线圈位于其上部，每对线圈的横截面为圆环的一段，所述横截面垂直于电机轴向，该对线圈中的两个线圈的横截面的面积相等，且位于底部的线圈紧邻左侧槽壁，位于顶部的线圈紧邻右侧槽壁，该对线圈不属于同一相，位于相邻线槽内且相邻的两个线圈属于同一相，所述定子绕组用环氧树脂灌封。
本实施方式中的km个铁心槽与km个线槽一一对应，相对应的铁心槽和线槽的中心线位于同一半径上。
当km=12时，本实施方式所述的永磁电机参见图6和7所示。
具体实施方式三、参见图7、8、9和10说明本实施方式。本实施方式所述的漏抗可调整结构的多相永磁电机是圆筒旋转电机，它包括定子和转子，所述转子和定子之间是气隙，定子包括定子铁心1、定子绕组和机壳2，所述定子还包括线圈骨架3，所述定子铁心为圆环形，定子铁心的内表面光滑，所述定子铁心的外表面沿轴向开通槽，该通槽为定子铁芯槽1-1，在定子铁心的外表面沿圆周均匀分布有2km个铁心槽，在定子铁心的内壁上安装线圈骨架3，线圈骨架由一个薄壁筒3-1和2km个薄隔板3-2构成，其中，k为自然数，m为定子绕组的相数，所述薄隔板3-2为长条形，2km个薄隔板3-2呈辐射状固定在薄壁筒3-1内侧，每个薄隔板3-2所在平面与电机轴向平行，相邻的两个薄隔板之间形成一个线槽3-3，薄壁筒3-1的外侧壁固定在定子铁心的内表面上；电枢绕组中包括有多个匝数为2N的线圈和多个匝数为N的线圈，其中N是不为0的自然数，q=2k/2p，p为电机的极对数；第1个、第q+1个、第2q+1个、第3q+1个、……、第2km-1个线槽中嵌入有两个匝数为N的线圈的有效边，这两个匝数为N的线圈的另两个有效边嵌放在与该线槽径向对应的铁心槽中，这两个匝数为N的线圈的线圈边分别属于不同的相；其余的线槽中均嵌入有匝数为2N的线圈的有效边；在同一个极对应的位置，第1线槽中的下层线圈或上层线圈、第2个线槽中的线圈、……、第q个线槽中的线圈、第q+1个线槽中的上层线圈或下层线圈串联构成属于同一相的第一个极相绕组，将属于同一相的极相绕组串联或并联组成一相绕组；所述定子绕组用环氧树脂灌封。
本实施方式中的电枢绕组根据各相绕组之间相差（360°/m）电角度的原则，确定各相的绕组连接关系。
本实施方式中所述的在同一个极对应的位置，第1线槽中的下层线圈或上层线圈、第2个线槽中的线圈、……、第q个线槽中的线圈、第q+1个线槽中的上层线圈或下层线圈串联构成属于同一相的第一个极相绕组的含义是：在第一个极下，第1个线圈骨架槽中的下层线圈或上层线圈、第2个线圈、……、第q个线圈、第q+1个槽中的上层线圈或下层线圈属于同一相，例如是A相，将第一个极下的各线圈串联起来构成A相的第一个极相组，依次类推，可以得到其它各极下的A相各极相组，把A相的各极相组串联或并联起来即可得到A相绕组。根据各相绕组之间相差（360°/m）电角度的原则，可以得到其余相的绕组连接关系。
本实施方式所述的2km个铁心槽与2km个线槽一一对应，相对应的铁心槽和线槽的中心线位于同一半径上。
图9和10是本实施方式的两种具体实例，其中图9中两个匝数为N的线圈嵌入同一个槽内时的状态为：其中一个匝数为N的线圈位于槽底，另一个位于其上，两个线圈的接触面为平行于机壳表面的圆弧面。图10中两个匝数为N的线圈嵌入同一个槽内的状态为：其中一个线圈的底部位于槽低，该线圈的一个侧面占据所在槽的一个侧面，两个匝数为N的线圈的轴向横截面为近似三角形，两个近似三角形的共有线为直线或者0°～90°之间的正弦曲线段或余弦曲线段。
具体实施方式一、二或三所述的永磁电机中，转子包括永磁体和磁轭构。
具体实施方式一、二或三所述的永磁电机中，既可以为外转子还可以是内转子电机。
具体实施方式一、二或三所述的永磁电机中，定子与机壳之间设置有用于冷却的冷却管，该冷却管可以嵌入到定子外表面内。
具体实施方式一、二或三所述的永磁电机中，定子的内表面也可以沿轴向开槽，进而形成线圈槽，这样，可以不使用线圈骨架3。
具体实施方式一、二或三所述的永磁电机中，定子铁心为圆周分段结构，即定子铁心由若干段弧型铁心沿圆周方向拼成一个圆筒形铁心，参见图11所示。
具体实施方式一、二或三所述的永磁电机中，机壳2的材料是非磁性材料。完成嵌放绕组后的电枢铁心安装在圆筒形的由高强度非磁性材料构成的机壳内，简化了电机制作工艺。
具体实施方式四、本实施方式是对具体实施方式三所述的漏抗可调整结构的多相永磁电机的进一步限定，本实施方式中，嵌入有两个匝数为N的线圈的线槽和铁心槽中，所述两个匝数为N的线圈中的一个线圈位于线槽底部，另一个位于线槽的顶部，两个线圈紧密结合并填充满所在线槽。
具体实施方式五、本实施方式是对具体实施方式三或四所述的漏抗可调整结构的多相永磁电机的进一步限定，本实施方式中，位于同一个线槽中的两个匝数为N的线圈的横截面的面积相等，所述横截面所在平面垂直于电机轴向。
具体实施方式六、本实施方式是对具体实施方式五所述的漏抗可调整结构的多相永磁电机的进一步限定，本实施方式中，位于同一个线槽中的两个匝数为N的线圈的横截面为以电机轴的中心为圆心的圆环的部分。参见图9所示。
具体实施方式七、本实施方式是对具体实施方式五所述的漏抗可调整结构的多相永磁电机的进一步限定，本实施方式中，线圈骨架槽中的两个线圈的横截面是类似三角形的形状，两个线圈的两个类似三角形合到一起正好占满一个槽。所述类似三角形是的形状中，两个类三角形的共用边既可以为直线段，也可以为0°～90°之间的正弦曲线段或余弦曲线段。
具体实施方式八、参见图12和13说明本实施方式。本实施方式所述的漏抗可调整结构的多相永磁电机为直线电机，它包括初级和次级，所述初级和次级之间为气隙；初级包括初级铁心、初级绕组和推力输出板，它还包括线圈骨架，所述初级铁心为平板形，初级铁心的气隙侧为光滑平面，所述初级铁心的背离气隙侧表面沿横向开有通槽，所述通槽为铁心槽，在初级铁心的表面沿初级和次级相对运动方向均匀分布有km个铁心槽，k为自然数，m为绕组相数；线圈骨架由一个薄板和km+1个薄隔板构成，薄板的一面固定在电枢铁心的气隙侧表面上，所述薄板的另一面固定km+1个薄隔板，所述km+1个薄隔板相互平行、且沿初级和次级相对运动方向均匀分布，相邻两个薄隔板之间形成线槽，所述km个线槽分别与km个铁心槽相对应；初级绕组由km个线圈构成，每个线圈的一个有效边嵌入一个线槽内，其另一个有效边嵌入在与该线槽相对应的铁心槽内；所述初级铁心的开槽侧固定在推力输出板上。根据权利要求1所述的漏抗可调整结构的多相永磁电机，其特征在于，所述线圈骨架的材料是绝缘的非金属材料。
本实施方式中，推力输出板非磁性材料。
具体实施方式九、本实施方式是对具体实施方式七所述的漏抗可调整结构的多相永磁电机的进一步限定，本实施方式中，所述电机为动初级或动次级的结构。
具体实施方式十、本实施方式是对具体实施方式一、二、三或七所述的漏抗可调整结构的多相永磁电机的进一步限定，本实施方式中，所定子铁芯槽1-1的槽型为开口槽、闭口槽或半开口槽。
在实际应用中，可以通过设置铁芯槽1-1的槽型，改变电机的漏抗，例如：当使用开口槽时，电机的漏抗比较小，当需要漏抗比较大时，可以将铁心槽的槽型改成半开口槽，采用闭口槽的形式时，漏抗是最大的情况。
具体实施方式十一、本实施方式是对具体实施方式一、二、三或七所述的漏抗可调整结构的多相永磁电机的进一步限定，本实施方式中，所述钉子铁芯槽1-1的槽型为开口槽或半闭口槽，在每个铁芯槽1-1的开口处，由磁性粉末混同环氧树脂浇注封口。
本实施方式中在铁心槽内填充混合有磁性粉末的环氧树脂，能够达到调整槽内漏磁导的目的，即：可以通过调整磁性粉末的含量而改变槽内的漏磁导，进而调整漏抗。例如：磁性粉末的含量越多，漏抗就越小。本实施方式中是，可以只采用磁性粉末填充铁心槽。
本发明提出的漏抗可调整结构的多相永磁电机方案，既适用于整数槽绕组，也适用于分数槽绕组，既适用于常导绕组，也适用于超导绕组，既适用于电动机，又适用于发电机，既适用于表面永磁体转子，也适用于内嵌永磁体转子以及Halbach永磁体转子，既适用于单边初级直线电机，又适用于双边初级直线电机。

Claims (11)

  1. 漏抗可调整结构的多相永磁电机，该永磁电机是圆筒旋转电机，它包括定子和转子，所述转子和定子之间是气隙，定子包括定子铁心（1）、定子绕组和机壳（2），其特征在于，所述定子还包括线圈骨架（3），所述定子铁心为圆环形，定子铁心的内表面光滑，所述定子铁心的外表面沿轴向开通槽，该通槽为定子铁芯槽（1-1），在定子铁心的外表面沿圆周均匀分布有km个铁心槽，在定子铁心的内壁上安装线圈骨架（3），线圈骨架由一个薄壁筒（3-1）和km个薄隔板（3-2）构成，其中，k为自然数，m为定子绕组的相数，。所述薄隔板（3-2）为长条形，km个薄隔板（3-2）呈辐射状固定在薄壁筒（3-1）内侧，每个薄隔板（3-2）所在平面与电机轴向平行，相邻的两个薄隔板之间形成一个线槽（3-3），薄壁筒（3-1）的外侧壁固定在定子铁心的内表面上；电枢绕组由km个线圈构成，每个线圈的一个有效边沿轴向嵌放于线圈骨架（3）的一个线槽（3-3）内，另一个有效边嵌放在与该线槽径向对应的铁芯槽（1-1）内，所述定子绕组用环氧树脂灌封。
  2. 漏抗可调整结构的多相永磁电机，该永磁电机是圆筒旋转电机，它包括定子和转子，所述转子和定子之间是气隙，定子包括定子铁心（1）、定子绕组和机壳（2），其特征在于，所述定子还包括线圈骨架（3），所述定子铁心为圆环形，定子铁心的内表面光滑，所述定子铁心的外表面沿轴向开通槽，该通槽为定子铁芯槽（1-1），在定子铁心的外表面沿圆周均匀分布有km个铁心槽，在定子铁心的内壁上安装线圈骨架（3），线圈骨架由一个薄壁筒（3-1）和km个薄隔板（3-2）构成，其中，k为自然数，m为定子绕组的相数，所述薄隔板（3-2）为长条形，km个薄隔板（3-2）呈辐射状固定在薄壁筒（3-1）内侧，每个薄隔板（3-2）所在平面与电机轴向平行，相邻的两个薄隔板之间形成一个线槽（3-3），薄壁筒（3-1）的外侧壁固定在定子铁心的内表面上；电枢绕组由km对线圈构成，每对线圈的一个有效边沿轴向嵌放于线圈骨架（3）的一个线槽（3-3）内，另一个有效边嵌放在与该线槽径向对应的铁芯槽（1-1）内，其中一个线圈位于槽底部，另一个线圈位于其上部，每对线圈的横截面为圆环的一段，所述横截面垂直于电机轴向，该对线圈中的两个线圈的横截面的面积相等，且位于底部的线圈紧邻左侧槽壁，位于顶部的线圈紧邻右侧槽壁，该对线圈不属于同一相，位于相邻线槽内且相邻的两个线圈属于同一相，所述定子绕组用环氧树脂灌封。
  3. 漏抗可调整结构的多相永磁电机，该永磁电机是圆筒旋转电机，它包括定子和转子，所述转子和定子之间是气隙，定子包括定子铁心（1）、定子绕组和机壳（2），其特征在于，所述定子还包括线圈骨架（3），所述定子铁心为圆环形，定子铁心的内表面光滑，所述定子铁心的外表面沿轴向开通槽，该通槽为定子铁芯槽（1-1），在定子铁心的外表面沿圆周均匀分布有2km个铁心槽，在定子铁心的内壁上安装线圈骨架（3），线圈骨架由一个薄壁筒（3-1）和2km个薄隔板（3-2）构成，其中，k为自然数，m为定子绕组的相数，所述薄隔板（3-2）为长条形，2km个薄隔板（3-2）呈辐射状固定在薄壁筒（3-1）内侧，每个薄隔板（3-2）所在平面与电机轴向平行，相邻的两个薄隔板之间形成一个线槽（3-3），薄壁筒（3-1）的外侧壁固定在定子铁心的内表面上；电枢绕组中包括有多个匝数为2N的线圈和多个匝数为N的线圈，其中N是不为0的自然数，q=2k/2p，p为电机的极对数；第1个、第q+1个、第2q+1个、第3q+1个、……、第2km-1个线槽中嵌入有两个匝数为N的线圈的有效边，这两个匝数为N的线圈的另两个有效边嵌放在与该线槽径向对应的铁心槽中，这两个匝数为N的线圈的线圈边分别属于不同的相；其余的线槽中均嵌入有匝数为2N的线圈的有效边；在同一个极对应的位置，第1线槽中的下层线圈或上层线圈、第2个线槽中的线圈、……、第q个线槽中的线圈、第q+1个线槽中的上层线圈或下层线圈串联构成属于同一相的第一个极相绕组，将属于同一相的极相绕组串联或并联组成一相绕组；所述定子绕组用环氧树脂灌封。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的漏抗可调整结构的多相永磁电机，其特征在于，嵌入有两个匝数为N的线圈的线槽和铁心槽中，所述两个匝数为N的线圈中的一个线圈位于线槽底部，另一个位于线槽的顶部，两个线圈紧密结合并填充满所在线槽。
  5. 根据权利要求3或4所述的漏抗可调整结构的多相永磁电机，其特征在于，位于同一个线槽中的两个匝数为N的线圈的横截面的面积相等，所述横截面所在平面垂直于电机轴向。
  6. 根据权利要求1、2或3所述的漏抗可调整结构的多相永磁电机，其特征在于，定子与机壳之间设置有用于冷却的冷却管。
  7. 根据权利要求1、2或3所述的漏抗可调整结构的多相永磁电机，其特征在于，定子铁心为圆周分段结构。
  8. 漏抗可调整结构的多相永磁电机，该永磁电机直线电机，它包括初级和次级，所述初级和次级之间为气隙；初级包括初级铁心、初级绕组和推力输出板，其特征在于，它还包括线圈骨架，所述初级铁心为平板形，初级铁心的气隙侧为光滑平面，所述初级铁心的背离气隙侧表面沿横向开有通槽，所述通槽为铁心槽，在初级铁心的表面沿初级和次级相对运动方向均匀分布有km个铁心槽，k为自然数，m为绕组相数；线圈骨架由一个薄板和km+1个薄隔板构成，薄板的一面固定在电枢铁心的气隙侧表面上，所述薄板的另一面固定km+1个薄隔板，所述km+1个薄隔板相互平行、且沿初级和次级相对运动方向均匀分布，相邻两个薄隔板之间形成线槽，所述km个线槽分别与km个铁心槽相对应；初级绕组由km个线圈构成，每个线圈的一个有效边嵌入一个线槽内，其另一个有效边嵌入在与该线槽相对应的铁心槽内；所述初级铁心的开槽侧固定在推力输出板上。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的漏抗可调整结构的多相永磁电机，其特征在于，所述线圈骨架的材料是绝缘的非金属材料。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的漏抗可调整结构的多相永磁电机，其特征在于，所述电机为动初级或动次级的结构。
  11. 根据权利要求1、2、3或8所述的漏抗可调整结构的多相永磁电机，其特征在于，所述每个铁芯槽（1-1）内由磁性粉末混同环氧树脂浇注填充。
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