WO2013163483A1 - Application of electromagnetic radiation to the human iris - Google Patents
Application of electromagnetic radiation to the human iris Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013163483A1 WO2013163483A1 PCT/US2013/038298 US2013038298W WO2013163483A1 WO 2013163483 A1 WO2013163483 A1 WO 2013163483A1 US 2013038298 W US2013038298 W US 2013038298W WO 2013163483 A1 WO2013163483 A1 WO 2013163483A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
- A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
- A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
- A61F9/008—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
- A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
- A61F9/008—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser
- A61F9/00821—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser for coagulation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
- A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
- A61F9/008—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser
- A61F9/00825—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser for photodisruption
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
- A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
- A61F9/008—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser
- A61F2009/00844—Feedback systems
- A61F2009/00846—Eyetracking
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
- A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
- A61F9/008—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser
- A61F2009/00861—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser adapted for treatment at a particular location
- A61F2009/00868—Ciliary muscles or trabecular meshwork
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
- A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
- A61F9/008—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser
- A61F2009/00861—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser adapted for treatment at a particular location
- A61F2009/00876—Iris
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
- A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
- A61F9/008—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser
- A61F2009/00885—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser for treating a particular disease
- A61F2009/00891—Glaucoma
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N7/00—Ultrasound therapy
Definitions
- the uniform application of electromagnetic radiation to the iris typically requires the use of a computerized scanning system to direct the electromagnetic radiation pathway across the iris in a pre-determined pattern.
- Patent No. 8,206,379 Applicant discloses the application to the iris of a contact lens bearing a physical occlusion to block the electromagnetic radiation pathway as it moves across the anterior iris. Another method is to establish a predetermined application pattern that avoids the pupil, track any movement of the eye during treatment, and either suspend or interrupt exposure (passive tracking) or shift the position of the treatment pattern (active tracking) in the event the eye moves. Passive and active eye tracking technologies are well-known in the art and readily commercially available.
- SensoMotoric Instruments GmbH (Teltow, German) integrates its SMI Surgery Guidance active eye-tracking technology into computer-guided laser systems for such procedures as corneal surgery intraocular lens implant surgery. Another example is the OneK + active eye tracker from Chronos Vision GmbH (Berlin, Germany) for use in connection with computer-guided laser refractive eye surgeries.
- the present invention Rather than rely solely upon pupillary occlusion or tracking of eye movement to protect the fundus from accidental exposure to electromagnetic radiation, the present invention also utilizes an electromagnetic radiation pathway with a profile such that the energy density at the iris is greater than the energy density at the posterior portion of the eye. This disparity in energy density allows for efficacy at the anterior iris treatment site, without injury to the fundus.
- the electromagnetic radiation comprises light waves.
- the electromagnetic radiation generator is a laser and the electromagnetic radiation pathway is a laser beam.
- the computerized scanning system applies the laser beam to the anterior surface of the iris.
- the profile of the laser beam is Gaussian, such that the beam profile converges to a focal point and then diverges from that focal point. Due to the profile of the laser beam, the energy density at the anterior iris is greater than the energy density at the fundus.
- the divergence angle of the beam is 1.0-2.5 degrees, 2.5-5.0 degrees, 5.0-7.5 degrees, 7.5-10.0, 10.0-12.5 degrees, 12.5-15.0 degrees, 15.0-20.0 degrees, or greater than 20.0 degrees.
- Computerized scanning systems are well-known in the art.
- the scanning system can be implemented using one or more computer systems.
- An exemplary computer system can include software, monitor, cabinet, keyboard, and mouse.
- the cabinet can house familiar computer components, such as a processor, memory, mass storage devices, and the like.
- the beam may be guided in any shape or pattern, including, without limitation, a spiral pattern, a raster pattern, or a segregated regional pattern.
- the anterior iris is divided into two treatment zones, each zone being concentric to the pupil.
- the first treatment zone extends approximately from the outer periphery of the pupillary constrictor muscles to the outer periphery of the pupil.
- the second treatment zone extends approximately from the limbus to the outer periphery of the pupillary constrictor muscles.
- the computerized scanning system applies the laser beam first to the first treatment zone, in a spiral pattern, from the outer periphery to the inner periphery, and second to the second treatment zone, in a spiral pattern, from the outer periphery to the inner periphery.
- the electromagnetic radiation comprises sound waves.
- the electromagnetic radiation generator is a sound amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (or SASER), and the electromagnetic radiation pathway is a SASER beam.
- SASER stimulated emission of radiation
- the computerized scanning system applies the SASER beam to the anterior surface of the iris.
- the profile of the SASER beam is Gaussian, such that the beam profile converges to a focal point and then diverges from that focal point. Due to the profile of the SASER beam, the energy density at the anterior iris is greater than the energy density at the fundus.
- an application of electromagnetic radiation overlaps a previous application of electromagnetic radiation within a 24-hour period.
- a laser spot is applied in a manner that overlaps a previously applied laser spot within a 24-hour period.
- an application of electromagnetic radiation is applied in a manner that does not overlap any previous application of electromagnetic radiation within a 24-hour period.
- a laser spot is applied in a manner that does not overlap any previously applied laser spot within a 24-hour period.
- an application of electromagnetic radiation leaves an area of untreated iris between said application and all previous applications of electromagnetic radiation within a 24-hour period.
- a laser spot is applied in a manner that leaves an area of untreated iris between such spot and all previously applied laser spots within a 24-hour period.
- some electromagnetic radiation applications overlap previous applications, and others do not, in a 24-hour period.
- some laser spots overlap previous laser spots, and others do not, within a 24-hour period.
- the device includes an apparatus to restrict movement of the head during the procedure.
- movement of the head is restricted using a surgical head restrain.
- Surgical head restrains are well-known in the art.
- a bite bar is used to restrict movement of the head during the procedure.
- Use of a bite bar to restrict head movement is well-known in the art, including the use of a bite bar during brain imaging.
- a head fixation target is used to restrict head movement of the head during the procedure.
- the head fixation target is a novel device invented by Applicant. It utilizes one or more rods, bars, or straps, made of any metal, fabric, plastic, or any other material, material, to apply pressure to predetermined points on the patient's head, thereby providing feedback to the patient with respect to any movement.
- the device includes an apparatus to restrict movement of the eye during the procedure.
- movement of the eye is restricted using a suction ring.
- Ophthalmic suction rings are well-known in the art.
- movement is restricted using a gaze fixation target. Gaze fixation is well- known in the art. Gaze fixation can utilize any object of fixation, including, without limitation, a three-dimensional object, a two-dimensional image, or a light.
- a light source is placed at the end of a tube, such that the patient must look through the tube in order to see the light source.
- this variation also provides a head fixation target because if the patient's moves off axis, the light source will no longer be visible.
- the light produced by the light source changes colors during the procedure. The light might, for example, cycle among amber, red, green, white, and yellow.
- a color-changing fixation target is less likely to induce involuntary saccadic or other movement of the eye in order to refresh the image on the retina or, alternatively, the discomfort that comes with suppressing such movement.
- the light produced by the light source changes intensity during the procedure. The light might, or example, cycle among bright, medium, and dim.
- an intensity-changing fixation target is also less likely to induce involuntary saccadic or other movement of the eye in order to refresh the image on the retina or, alternatively, the discomfort that comes with suppressing such movement.
- the fixation target comprises a moving image, which image may be animated or live action, in color or in black and white, in two- or three- dimensions.
- a moving image fixation target is also less likely to induce involuntary saccadic or other movement of the eye in order to refresh the image on the retina or, alternatively, the discomfort that comes with suppressing such movement.
- Any of these embodiments, variations, or versions may be placed in front of the treated eye or the fellow eye during the procedure in order to achieve fixation of the treated eye.
- the device includes an apparatus to detect movement of the eye during treatment.
- active eye tracking is used, whereby movement of the eye is identified, and the electromagnetic pathway is moved to correspond to the movement of the eye. These movements may consist of shifts along the anterior surface of the iris (along the so-called x-y plane), shifts in depth (along the so-called z axis), rotations around the orbital axis, or otherwise. Active eye tracking is well- known in the art.
- passive eye tracking is used, whereby movement of the eye is identified, and the electromagnetic radiation pathway is terminated or suspended.
- the electromagnetic radiation pathway is terminated or suspended by (a) terminating or suspending the power to the electromagnetic radiation source, (b) turning off the electromagnetic radiation source, (c) redirecting the electromagnetic radiation pathway away from the target area, (d) utilizing a shutter, baffle, shield, or other occluding device to interrupt the electromagnetic radiation pathway, or (e) utilizing a optical modulator (such as an acousto-optical modulator or an electro-optical modulator) or other energy modulator to interrupt the electromagnetic radiation pathway.
- a optical modulator such as an acousto-optical modulator or an electro-optical modulator
- Figure 1 shows aspects of an embodiment of the invention wherein the profile of the electromagnetic radiation pathway is such that the energy density at the iris is greater than the energy density at the posterior portion of the eye.
- Figure 2 shows aspects of an embodiment of the invention wherein the anterior iris is divided into two treatment zones, each zone being concentric to the pupil.
- Figure 3 shows aspects of an embodiment of the invention wherein an application of electromagnetic radiation overlaps a previous application of electromagnetic radiation.
- Figure 4 shows aspects of an embodiment of the invention wherein electromagnetic radiation is applied in a manner that does not overlap any previous application of
- Figure 5 shows aspects of an embodiment of the invention wherein electromagnetic radiation is applied in a manner that leaves an area of untreated iris between said application and all previous applications of electromagnetic radiation.
- Figure 6 shows aspects of an embodiment of the invention wherein a novel head fixation target is used to restrict head movement of the head during the procedure.
- the present invention Rather than rely solely upon pupillary occlusion or tracking of eye movement to protect the fundus from accidental exposure to electromagnetic radiation, the present invention also utilizes an electromagnetic radiation pathway with a profile such that the energy density at the iris is greater than the energy density at the posterior portion of the eye. See, e.g., Fig. 1. This disparity in energy density allows for efficacy at the anterior iris treatment site, without injury to the fundus.
- electromagnetic radiation includes any form of electromagnetic radiation, whether in the form of sound, heat, light, or otherwise, and whether consisting of radio frequency, ultrasound, microwave, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, x-ray, t-ray, gamma ray, or otherwise.
- the term “electromagnetic radiation” is not intended to restrict the form of radiation in terms of monochromaticity (i.e., composed of one or more than one different wavelength), directionality (i.e., produce a single non-divergent spot or radiate in several different directions), or coherence (i.e., the waves produced consist of a single phase relation or of multiple phase relations).
- the frequency of the electromagnetic radiation can be any frequency within the electromagnetic spectrum, including, without limitation, extremely low frequency sound radiation (with a frequency of 3 Hz) to gamma radiation (with a frequency of 300 EHz).
- the electromagnetic radiation can be delivered in a continuous wave or in pulses, and the pulse width may be any time interval, including microseconds, nanoseconds, picoseconds, femtoseconds, or attoseconds. If pulsed, any repetition rate may be used, including, without limitation, repetition rates from 1 Hz to 100 THz.
- any energy output may be used, and any energy density may be created at the target treatment side, including, without limitation, energy outputs from 1 W to 1000 W.
- any gain medium may be used, including, without limitation, glass, solid, liquid, gas, crystal, or semiconductor. In the case of laser energy, the specific gain media may comprise Nd:YAG, alexandrite, pulsed-dye, or any other medium.
- laser includes any form of radiation within the light spectrum, whether consisting of infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, or otherwise.
- the term “laser” is not intended to restrict the form of radiation in terms of monochromaticity (i.e., composed of one or more than one different wavelength), directionality (i.e., produce a single non-divergent spot or radiate in several different directions), or coherence (i.e., the waves produced consist of a single phase relation or of multiple phase relations).
- the laser radiation can be delivered in a continuous wave or in pulses, and the pulse width may be any time interval, including microseconds, nanoseconds, picoseconds, femtoseconds, or attoseconds.
- any repetition rate may be used, including, without limitation, repetition rates from 1 Hz to 100 THz.
- any energy output may be used, and any energy density may be created at the target treatment side, including, without limitation, energy outputs from 1 W to 1000 W.
- any gain medium may be used, including, without limitation, glass, solid, liquid, gas, crystal, or semiconductor, and, more specifically, Nd:YAG, alexandrite, pulsed-dye, or any other medium.
- pathway includes any electromagnetic radiation pathway, such as a laser beam, radio frequency pathway, SASER pathway, ultrasound pathway, microwave pathway, infrared pathway, visible light pathway, ultraviolet pathway, x-ray pathway, t-ray pathway, gamma ray pathway, or otherwise.
- electromagnetic radiation may be fully collimated or any drainage angle of divergence or convergence.
- pathway should be understood to include a single pathway or multiple pathways, and the multiple pathways may result from the splitting or screening of a single pathway or the generation of multiple pathways with multiple frequencies, shapes, energy densities, and other
- the pathway is a laser beam, it may or may not be fired through a goniolens.
- spot includes the plane of intersection between the pathway and the target cells or tissue, such as the laser spot, radio frequency site, SASER site, ultrasound site, microwave site, infrared site, visible light site, ultraviolet site, x-ray site, t-ray site, gamma ray site, or otherwise.
- electromagnetic radiation is not intended to limit the pathway or spot to any particular shape, size, or angle of projection. Spots can be tangent, overlapped, or isolated, and overlapping may occur in any direction (x, y, or z). They can also be square, rectangular, circular, elliptical, triangular, trapezoidal, torus, or otherwise.
- a spot can measure any diameter, including, without limitation, 1-10 microns, 10-50 microns, 50-100 microns, 100-200 microns, 200-500 microns, 500-1,000 microns, or 1,000 microns to 15 millimeters.
- the energy density of the pathway is set to a level that minimizes any unwanted damage to the ocular tissue.
- the method of the present invention can further include creating an opening in the cornea before applying the electromagnetic radiation. Once the opening has been created, the electromagnetic radiation may be introduced directly through the opening or via a pathway-conducting vehicle, such as light-conducting fiber. If necessary, a temporary contact lens can be applied to reduce post-operative discomfort.
- the electromagnetic radiation comprises light waves.
- the electromagnetic radiation generator is a laser and the electromagnetic radiation pathway is a laser beam.
- the computerized scanning system applies the laser beam to the anterior surface of the iris.
- the profile of the laser beam is Gaussian, such that the beam profile converges to a focal point and then diverges from that focal point. See Fig. 1. Due to the profile of the laser beam, the energy density at the anterior iris is greater than the energy density at the fundus.
- the divergence angle of the beam is 1.0-2.5 degrees, 2.5-5.0 degrees, 5.0-7.5 degrees, 7.5-10.0, 10.0-12.5 degrees, 12.5-15.0 degrees, 15.0-20.0 degrees, or greater than 20.0 degrees.
- the spot produced by the laser beam on the anterior surface of the iris has a diameter of 1-10 microns, 10-50 microns, 50-100 microns, 100-200 microns, 200-500 microns, 500-1,000 microns, and 1,000 microns to 15 millimeters.
- Computerized scanning systems are well-known in the art. See, e.g., Zyoptix Custom Wavefront LASIK (Bausch & Lomb, Rochester, NY).
- the scanning system can be implemented using one or more computer systems.
- An exemplary computer system can include software, monitor, cabinet, keyboard, and mouse.
- the cabinet can house familiar computer components, such as a processor, memory, mass storage devices, and the like.
- Mass storage devices may include mass disk drives, floppy disks, Iomega ZIP.TM disks, magnetic disks, fixed disks, hard disks, CD-ROMs, recordable CDs, DVDs, DVD-R, DVD-RW, Flash and other nonvolatile solid-state storage, tape storage, reader, and other similar media, and combinations of these.
- a binary, machine-executable version, of the software of the present invention may be stored or reside on mass storage devices.
- the source code of the software of the present invention may also be stored or reside on mass storage devices (e.g., magnetic disk, tape, or CD-ROM).
- a computer system can include subsystems such as central processor, system memory, input/output (I/O) controller, display adapter, serial or universal serial bus (USB) port, network interface, and speaker.
- the present invention may also be used with computer systems with additional or fewer subsystems.
- a computer system could include more than one processor (i.e., a multiprocessor system) or a system may include a cache memory.
- the beam may be guided in any shape or pattern, including, without limitation, a spiral pattern, a raster pattern, or a segregated regional pattern.
- the anterior iris is divided into two treatment zones, each zone being concentric to the pupil. See Fig. 2.
- the first treatment zone extends approximately from the outer periphery of the pupillary constrictor muscles to the outer periphery of the pupil.
- the second treatment zone extends approximately from the limbus to the outer periphery of the pupillary constrictor muscles.
- the computerized scanning system applies the laser beam first to the first treatment zone, in a spiral pattern, from the outer periphery to the inner periphery, and second to the second treatment zone, in a spiral pattern, from the outer periphery to the inner periphery.
- the electromagnetic radiation comprises sound waves.
- the electromagnetic radiation generator is a SASER
- the electromagnetic radiation pathway is a SASER beam.
- the computerized scanning system applies the SASER beam to the anterior surface of the iris.
- the profile of the SASER beam is Gaussian, such that the beam profile converges to a focal point and then diverges from that focal point. See Fig. 1. Due to the profile of the SASER beam, the energy density at the anterior iris is greater than the energy density at the fundus.
- the divergence angle of the beam is 1.0-2.5 degrees, 2.5-5.0 degrees, 5.0-7.5 degrees, 7.5-10.0, 10.0-12.5 degrees, 12.5-15.0 degrees, 15.0-20.0 degrees, or greater than 20.0 degrees. See Fig. 1.
- the spot produced by the SASER beam on the anterior surface of the iris has a diameter of 1-10 microns, 10-50 microns, 50-100 microns, 100-200 microns, 200-500 microns, 500-1,000 microns, and 1,000 microns to 15 millimeters.
- the electromagnetic radiation is applied to a percentage of the total anterior surface area of the iris equal to 1-25%, 25- 50%, 50-75%, or 75-100%.
- an application of electromagnetic radiation overlaps a previous application of electromagnetic radiation within a 24-hour period. See Fig. 3.
- a laser spot is applied in a manner that overlaps a previously applied laser spot within a 24-hour period.
- a spot overlaps a previously applied spot within a 24- hour period by a percentage of the area of the previous spot equal to 0—10%, 10-20%), 20- 30%, 30-40%, 40-50%, 50-60%, 60-70%, 70-80%, 80-90%, or 90-100%.
- electromagnetic radiation is applied in a manner that does not overlap any previous application of electromagnetic radiation within a 24-hour period. See Fig. 4.
- a laser spot is applied in a manner that does not overlap any previously applied laser spot within a 24-hour period.
- an application of electromagnetic radiation leaves an area of untreated iris between said application and all previous applications of electromagnetic radiation within a 24-hour period. See Fig. 5.
- a laser spot is applied in a manner that leaves an area of untreated iris between such spot and all previously applied laser spots within a 24-hour period.
- a spot is applied in a manner that leaves a distance between such spot and all previously applied laser spots within a 24-hour period equal to 1-10 microns, 10-50 microns, 50-100 microns, 100-200 microns, 200-500 microns, 500-1,000 microns, and 1,000 microns to 15
- some electromagnetic radiation applications overlap previous applications, and others do not, in a 24-hour period.
- some laser spots overlap previous laser spots, and others do not, within a 24-hour period.
- the device includes an apparatus to restrict movement of the head during the procedure.
- movement of the head is restricted using a surgical head restrain.
- Surgical head restrains are well-known in the art. Examples include the Surgical Head Restraint System (RTP Company, Winona, MN) and the head restrain straps (Equip. No. BF039) for use with the Cmax Shoulder Chair (Equip. No. BF594) (Steris Corporation, Mentor, OH).
- a bite bar is used to restrict movement of the head during the procedure. Use of a bite bar to restrict head movement is well-known in the art, including the use of a bite bar during brain imaging.
- a head fixation target is used to restrict head movement of the head during the procedure.
- the head fixation target is a novel device invented by Applicant. It utilizes one or more rods, bars, or straps, made of any metal, fabric, plastic, or any other material, material, to apply pressure to predetermined points on the patient's head, thereby providing feedback to the patient with respect to any movement. See Fig. 6.
- the device includes an apparatus to restrict movement of the eye during the procedure.
- movement of the eye is restricted using a suction ring.
- Ophthalmic suction rings are well-known in the art. See Corneal Surgery: Theory, Technique, and Tissue 722 (Brightbill, ed., 4th ed., 2009).
- movement is restricted using a gaze fixation target. Gaze fixation is well- know in the art. See Simonova, Ocular and orbital legions, in Principles and practice of stereotactic radiosurgery 593 (Chin & Regine, eds., 2008).
- Gaze fixation can utilize any object of fixation, including, without limitation, a three-dimensional object, a two- dimensional image, or a light.
- a light source is placed at the end of a tube, such that the patient must look through the tube in order to see the light source.
- this variation also provides a head fixation target because if the patient's moves off axis, the light source will no longer be visible.
- the light produced by the light source changes colors during the procedure. The light might, for example, cycle among amber, red, green, white, and yellow.
- a color-changing fixation target is less likely to induce involuntary saccadic or other movement of the eye in order to refresh the image on the retina or, alternatively, the discomfort that comes with suppressing such movement. See Tomimatsu, The "rotating snakes" in smooth motion do not appear to rotate, 39 Perception 721-24 (2010).
- the light produced by the light source changes intensity during the procedure. The light might, or example, cycle among bright, medium, and dim.
- An intensity-changing fixation target is also less likely to induce involuntary saccadic or other movement of the eye in order to refresh the image on the retina or, alternatively, the discomfort that comes with suppressing such movement. See id. at 721-24.
- the fixation target comprises a moving image, which image may be animated or live action, in color or in black and white, in two- or three-dimensions.
- a moving image fixation target is also less likely to induce involuntary saccadic or other movement of the eye in order to refresh the image on the retina or, alternatively, the discomfort that comes with suppressing such movement. See id. at 721-24. Any of these embodiments, variations, or versions may be placed in front of the treated eye or the fellow eye during the procedure in order to achieve fixation of the treated eye.
- the device includes an apparatus to detect movement of the eye during treatment.
- active eye tracking is used, whereby movement of the eye is identified, and the electromagnetic pathway is moved to correspond to the movement of the eye. These movements may consist of shifts along the anterior surface of the iris (along the so-called x-y plane), shifts in depth (along the so-called z axis), rotations around the orbital axis, or otherwise.
- Active eye tracking is well- known in the art. See, e.g., SMI Surgery Guidance (SensoMotoric Instruments GmbH, Teltow, Germany).
- passive eye tracking is used, whereby movement of the eye is identified, and the electromagnetic radiation pathway is terminated or suspended.
- movement of the eye is identified, and the electromagnetic radiation pathway is suspended until the eye returns to its previous position or assumes some other desired position, at which time the electromagnetic radiation pathway is resumed.
- the electromagnetic radiation pathway is terminated or suspended by (a) terminating or suspending the power to the electromagnetic radiation source, (b) turning off the electromagnetic radiation source, (c) redirecting the electromagnetic radiation pathway away from the target area, (d) utilizing a shutter, baffle, shield, or other occluding device to interrupt the electromagnetic radiation pathway, or (e) utilizing a optical modulator (such as an acousto-optical modulator or an electro-optical modulator) or other energy modulator to interrupt the electromagnetic radiation pathway.
- a optical modulator such as an acousto-optical modulator or an electro-optical modulator
- the device includes infrared iris
- infrared iris transillumination is used to more easily identify the pupil in dark irides.
- the device includes an apparatus to measure the refractive indexes of the eye and adjusts the application of the light to take into account the refraction of the light during treatment.
- the apparatus measures the depth of the anterior chamber of the eye and adjusts the application of the light to take into account the refraction of the light during treatment.
- Apparatus for measuring anterior chamber depth are well-known in the art. Examples include the Lenstar® technology from Haag-Streit AG (Koeniz, Switzerland) and the IOLMaster® technology from Carl Zeiss Meditec AG (Jena, Germany).
- the apparatus measures the shape of the cornea and adjusts the application of the light to take into account the refraction of the light during treatment.
- Apparatus for measuring anterior chamber depth are well-known in the art. Examples include the Pentacam® HR technology from OCULUS Optikgerate GmbH (Wetzlar, Germany) and the ATLASTM 9000 Corneal Topography System from Carl Zeiss Meditec AG (Jena, Germany).
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Priority Applications (19)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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SG11201406667PA SG11201406667PA (en) | 2012-04-25 | 2013-04-25 | Application of electromagnetic radiation to the human iris |
BR112014026189-0A BR112014026189B1 (pt) | 2012-04-25 | 2013-04-25 | Dispositivo para liberar radiação eletromagnética para a superfície anterior da íris do olho humano |
MX2014012540A MX368771B (es) | 2012-04-25 | 2013-04-25 | Aplicación de radiación electromagnética al iris humano. |
CA2873987A CA2873987C (en) | 2012-04-25 | 2013-04-25 | Application of electromagnetic radiation to the human iris |
EP19153292.8A EP3517081B1 (en) | 2012-04-25 | 2013-04-25 | Application of electromagnetic radiation to the human iris |
EP13781709.4A EP2770960B1 (en) | 2012-04-25 | 2013-04-25 | Application of electromagnetic radiation to the human iris |
DK13781709.4T DK2770960T3 (da) | 2012-04-25 | 2013-04-25 | Anvendelse af elektromagnetisk stråling til et menneskes iris |
PL19153292T PL3517081T3 (pl) | 2012-04-25 | 2013-04-25 | Zastosowanie promieniowania elektromagnetycznego na ludzką tęczówkę |
JP2015509155A JP6735560B2 (ja) | 2012-04-25 | 2013-04-25 | ヒトの虹彩への電磁放射線の照射 |
ES201490011U ES1128330Y (es) | 2012-04-25 | 2013-04-25 | Aplicación de radiación electromagnética al iris humano |
PL13781709T PL2770960T3 (pl) | 2012-04-25 | 2013-04-25 | Działanie promieniowaniem elektromagnetycznym na tęczówkę oka ludzkiego |
KR1020207020573A KR102292728B1 (ko) | 2012-04-25 | 2013-04-25 | 인간 눈의 홍채의 전방 표면에 전자기 방사선을 인가하는 장치 |
CN201380022144.0A CN104271086B (zh) | 2012-04-25 | 2013-04-25 | 电磁辐射对人的虹膜的应用 |
ES13781709T ES2737736T3 (es) | 2012-04-25 | 2013-04-25 | Aplicación de radiación electromagnética al iris humano |
KR1020147033071A KR102335593B1 (ko) | 2012-04-25 | 2013-04-25 | 인간의 홍채에 전자기 방사선의 인가 |
IL235278A IL235278B (en) | 2012-04-25 | 2014-10-22 | Application of electromagnetic radiation to human iris |
ZA2014/07882A ZA201407882B (en) | 2012-04-25 | 2014-10-29 | Application of electromagnetic radiation to the human iris |
HK18110813.4A HK1252081A1 (zh) | 2012-04-25 | 2015-06-30 | 電磁輻射對人的虹膜的應用 |
HK15106219.5A HK1205672A1 (en) | 2012-04-25 | 2015-06-30 | Application of electromagnetic radiation to the human iris |
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US13/456,111 | 2012-04-25 | ||
US13/456,111 US10744034B2 (en) | 2012-04-25 | 2012-04-25 | Method for laser treatment for glaucoma |
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WO2013163483A1 true WO2013163483A1 (en) | 2013-10-31 |
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Family Applications (1)
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PCT/US2013/038298 WO2013163483A1 (en) | 2012-04-25 | 2013-04-25 | Application of electromagnetic radiation to the human iris |
Country Status (19)
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US (1) | US10744034B2 (xx) |
EP (2) | EP2770960B1 (xx) |
JP (2) | JP6735560B2 (xx) |
KR (2) | KR102335593B1 (xx) |
CN (2) | CN107714280A (xx) |
BR (1) | BR112014026189B1 (xx) |
CA (1) | CA2873987C (xx) |
DK (2) | DK2770960T3 (xx) |
ES (3) | ES2849648T3 (xx) |
HK (2) | HK1205672A1 (xx) |
HU (2) | HUE045507T2 (xx) |
IL (1) | IL235278B (xx) |
MX (1) | MX368771B (xx) |
PL (2) | PL2770960T3 (xx) |
PT (2) | PT3517081T (xx) |
SG (2) | SG10201900957PA (xx) |
TR (1) | TR201910959T4 (xx) |
WO (1) | WO2013163483A1 (xx) |
ZA (1) | ZA201407882B (xx) |
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2013
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- 2013-04-25 ES ES19153292T patent/ES2849648T3/es active Active
- 2013-04-25 DK DK13781709.4T patent/DK2770960T3/da active
- 2013-04-25 KR KR1020147033071A patent/KR102335593B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2013-04-25 SG SG10201900957PA patent/SG10201900957PA/en unknown
- 2013-04-25 PL PL13781709T patent/PL2770960T3/pl unknown
- 2013-04-25 CA CA2873987A patent/CA2873987C/en active Active
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- 2013-04-25 DK DK19153292.8T patent/DK3517081T3/da active
- 2013-04-25 HU HUE13781709A patent/HUE045507T2/hu unknown
- 2013-04-25 PT PT191532928T patent/PT3517081T/pt unknown
- 2013-04-25 EP EP19153292.8A patent/EP3517081B1/en active Active
- 2013-04-25 HU HUE19153292A patent/HUE052402T2/hu unknown
- 2013-04-25 KR KR1020207020573A patent/KR102292728B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2013-04-25 PL PL19153292T patent/PL3517081T3/pl unknown
- 2013-04-25 PT PT13781709T patent/PT2770960T/pt unknown
- 2013-04-25 SG SG11201406667PA patent/SG11201406667PA/en unknown
- 2013-04-25 TR TR2019/10959T patent/TR201910959T4/tr unknown
- 2013-04-25 CN CN201710945950.5A patent/CN107714280A/zh active Pending
- 2013-04-25 JP JP2015509155A patent/JP6735560B2/ja active Active
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