WO2013145477A1 - 作業車両及びそのインチング制御装置 - Google Patents
作業車両及びそのインチング制御装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013145477A1 WO2013145477A1 PCT/JP2012/083216 JP2012083216W WO2013145477A1 WO 2013145477 A1 WO2013145477 A1 WO 2013145477A1 JP 2012083216 W JP2012083216 W JP 2012083216W WO 2013145477 A1 WO2013145477 A1 WO 2013145477A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- clutch
- heat generation
- inching
- generation rate
- hydraulic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D25/00—Fluid-actuated clutches
- F16D25/12—Details not specific to one of the before-mentioned types
- F16D25/123—Details not specific to one of the before-mentioned types in view of cooling and lubrication
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/02—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/10—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
- B60W10/11—Stepped gearings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
- B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
- B60W30/184—Preventing damage resulting from overload or excessive wear of the driveline
- B60W30/186—Preventing damage resulting from overload or excessive wear of the driveline excessive wear or burn out of friction elements, e.g. clutches
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D48/00—External control of clutches
- F16D48/02—Control by fluid pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D48/00—External control of clutches
- F16D48/06—Control by electric or electronic means, e.g. of fluid pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2500/00—External control of clutches by electric or electronic means
- F16D2500/10—System to be controlled
- F16D2500/11—Application
- F16D2500/1107—Vehicles
- F16D2500/111—Agricultural
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2500/00—External control of clutches by electric or electronic means
- F16D2500/30—Signal inputs
- F16D2500/302—Signal inputs from the actuator
- F16D2500/3024—Pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2500/00—External control of clutches by electric or electronic means
- F16D2500/30—Signal inputs
- F16D2500/304—Signal inputs from the clutch
- F16D2500/30402—Clutch friction coefficient
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2500/00—External control of clutches by electric or electronic means
- F16D2500/30—Signal inputs
- F16D2500/304—Signal inputs from the clutch
- F16D2500/30404—Clutch temperature
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2500/00—External control of clutches by electric or electronic means
- F16D2500/30—Signal inputs
- F16D2500/304—Signal inputs from the clutch
- F16D2500/30404—Clutch temperature
- F16D2500/30405—Estimated clutch temperature
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an inching control device, and more particularly to an inching control device provided in a work vehicle having an inching function and controlling a clutch hydraulic pressure supplied to a hydraulic clutch at the time of inching operation.
- the present invention also relates to a work vehicle provided with the above inching control device.
- Some work vehicles have an inching function that causes a hydraulic clutch provided in the transmission to slip to reduce the vehicle speed.
- the vehicle speed can be reduced while maintaining the number of revolutions of the engine at a predetermined number of revolutions. For example, in a motor grader, it may travel while performing leveling work with a blade. In this case, the operator can adjust the vehicle speed while suppressing the decrease in the driving force of the blade by operating the inching pedal to cause the clutch to slip.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 techniques for protecting the clutch at the time of inching operation have been proposed.
- the work vehicle disclosed in Patent Document 1 calculates the load on the clutch during inching, and performs control to lower the engine speed when the load on the clutch exceeds a threshold.
- the calorific value of the clutch is detected during inching, and an alarm is issued when the calorific value exceeds a reference value.
- the temperature of the clutch plate is detected during inching, and when the detected temperature exceeds a threshold value, the clutch is engaged or released.
- the engine speed is reduced when the load on the clutch exceeds a threshold during inching.
- the discharge amount of the oil pump for supplying the lubricating oil is reduced, and the amount of lubricating oil to the clutch is reduced. Therefore, the clutch can not be sufficiently protected.
- the clutch is engaged or released to protect the clutch, so inching is forcibly terminated and the workability is impaired. For example, during inching, if the clutch is engaged or released for clutch protection, the vehicle speed will suddenly rise or the vehicle will stop. In particular, when the work load or traveling load is large, the vehicle may stop suddenly.
- An object of the present invention is to ensure that the clutch can be reliably protected at the time of inching operation and that the workability at the time of inching operation is not impaired.
- a hydraulic clutch for power transmission having a clutch plate to which a friction material is fixed, and an inching operation member for causing the hydraulic clutch to slip; And controls the hydraulic pressure of the clutch supplied to the hydraulic clutch when the inching operation member is operated.
- the inching control device includes an allowable heat generation rate acquiring means for acquiring an allowable heat generation rate of the clutch plate, an operation amount detecting means for detecting an operation amount of the inching operation member, and a clutch plate being inching from the operation amount of the inching operation member.
- the heat generation rate calculation means for calculating the heat generation rate, and the hydraulic control means for controlling the clutch hydraulic pressure so that the heat generation rate obtained by the heat generation rate calculation means during inching does not exceed the allowable heat generation rate.
- the heat generation rate of the clutch plate is determined from the operation amount of the inching operation member. Then, the clutch oil pressure of the hydraulic clutch that is performing inching is controlled so that the heat generation rate of the clutch plate does not exceed the allowable heat generation rate of the clutch plate.
- the heat generation rate of the clutch plate can be suppressed within the allowable heat generation rate, the hydraulic clutch that is performing inching can be reliably protected.
- the control of the clutch hydraulic pressure is performed by obtaining the heat generation rate, which is a change rate of the heat generation amount, not the heat generation amount.
- the temperature of the clutch plate differs depending on whether the heat is generated in a short time or in a long time. The reason is that the effect of heat radiation is stronger when heat is generated over a long time.
- the heat generation state of the clutch plate is grasped every moment using the heat generation rate. Therefore, the clutch plate and the hydraulic clutch including the same can be protected more appropriately. In addition, since inching can not be forcibly terminated, workability is not impaired. In particular, in the case of a hydraulic clutch at the time of inching in which the heat generation state changes momentarily according to the operation amount of the inching operation member, the effect of using the heat generation rate is large.
- the inching control device for a work vehicle is the device according to the first aspect, wherein relative rotation number detection means for detecting a relative rotation number that is a rotation number difference between input and output of the hydraulic clutch; It further comprises a clutch hydraulic pressure obtaining means for obtaining a clutch hydraulic pressure corresponding to the operation amount of the member, and a storage means in which the friction coefficient of the friction material is stored. Then, the heat generation rate calculation means calculates the heat generation rate of the clutch plate based on the relative rotational speed, the clutch oil pressure, and the friction coefficient.
- the inching control device for a working vehicle further includes clutch hydraulic upper limit value calculation means for calculating a clutch hydraulic pressure upper limit value corresponding to the allowable heat generation rate in the device of the second side surface.
- the oil pressure control means sets the clutch oil pressure to the clutch oil pressure upper limit value when the heat generation rate obtained by the heat generation rate calculation means exceeds the allowable heat generation rate.
- the clutch hydraulic pressure upper limit value corresponding to the allowable heat generation rate is set, so the heat generation of the clutch plate is suppressed and the hydraulic clutch is effective. Can be protected.
- the inching hydraulic upper limit value calculation means determines at least a condition value including an allowable heat generation rate, a relative rotation speed, and a friction coefficient Calculate the upper limit value.
- the storage means stores the inherent allowable heat generation rate determined by the specifications of the clutch plate.
- the control device further includes a correction allowable heat generation rate calculation unit and an allowable heat generation ratio setting unit.
- the correction allowable heat generation rate calculation means calculates the correction allowable heat generation rate in accordance with the temperature of the clutch plate during inching.
- the allowable heat generation rate setting means selects the smaller of the inherent allowable heat generation rate and the corrected allowable heat generation rate as the allowable heat generation rate.
- the inching control device for a working vehicle further includes an oil temperature sensor, a storage means, and a clutch plate temperature calculation means in the device of the fifth aspect.
- the oil temperature sensor detects the temperature of the lubricating oil supplied to the hydraulic clutch.
- the storage means stores the heat transfer coefficient of the lubricating oil and the specification value of the clutch plate.
- the clutch plate temperature calculation means calculates the temperature of the clutch plate during inching based on the condition value including the oil temperature, the heat transfer coefficient of lubricating oil, and the specification value of the clutch plate.
- the inching control device for a working vehicle is the device of the sixth aspect, wherein the clutch plate temperature calculation means calculates the temperature of the clutch plate at a predetermined cycle during inching. Then, the correction allowable heat generation rate calculation means calculates the correction allowable heat generation amount in accordance with the temperature of the clutch plate obtained in a predetermined cycle.
- the temperature of the clutch plate changes from moment to moment. Therefore, in the invention of the seventh aspect, the temperature of the clutch plate is calculated at a predetermined cycle to obtain the correction allowable heat generation rate. Therefore, the hydraulic clutch can be protected more reliably.
- the work vehicle includes an engine, a traveling mechanism for causing the vehicle to travel, and a hydraulic clutch having a clutch plate to which a friction material is fixed to transmit the driving force from the engine to the traveling mechanism. And an inching operation member for causing the hydraulic clutch to slip, and an inching control device of the first to seventh side surfaces.
- the clutch can be reliably protected at the time of inching operation, and in addition, the inching is not forcibly terminated during inching, and the workability is improved.
- the external appearance perspective view of a work vehicle Side view of work vehicle.
- the block diagram which shows the structure of a work vehicle.
- the flowchart of a clutch protection process. 6 is a flowchart for setting an allowable heat generation rate. The figure which shows the restriction
- FIG. 1 and 2 are an external perspective view and a side view of a motor grader 1 provided with an inching control device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the motor grader 1 performs ground leveling, snow removal, light cutting, material mixing, etc., and comprises six running wheels consisting of a pair of left and right front wheels 11 and two rear wheels 12 each, a front wheel 11 and a rear And a blade 42 provided between the wheel 12 and the wheel 12. In FIGS. 1 and 2, only one of the four rear wheels 12 located on the left side is shown.
- the motor grader 1 includes a frame 2, a cab 3, and a work implement 4. Further, as shown in FIG. 3 which is a block diagram, the motor grader 1 includes an engine 5, a power transmission mechanism 6, a traveling mechanism 9, a hydraulic drive mechanism 7, an operation unit 10, a control unit 8 and the like.
- the frame 2 is constituted by a rear frame 21 and a front frame 22.
- the rear frame 21 accommodates the engine 5, the power transmission mechanism 6, the hydraulic drive mechanism 7, and the like. Further, the rear frame 21 is provided with the four rear wheels 12 described above, and these rear wheels 12 are rotationally driven by the driving force from the engine 5.
- the front frame 22 is attached to the front of the rear frame 21 and the front wheel 11 is attached to the front end thereof.
- the driver's cab 3 is mounted on the rear frame 21. Inside the driver's cab 3, operating parts such as a steering wheel, a shift lever, an operating lever of the working machine 4, a brake, an accelerator pedal 14, and an inching pedal 13 (see FIG. 3) Is provided.
- the work machine 4 includes a drawbar 40, a circle 41, a blade 42, a hydraulic motor 49, a pair of lift cylinders 44 and 45, a drawbar shift cylinder 46, a blade shift cylinder 47, and a tilt cylinder 48.
- the front end of the drawbar 40 is pivotably attached to the front end of the front frame 22, and the rear end of the drawbar 40 moves up and down due to the synchronized expansion and contraction of the pair of lift cylinders 44, 45. Thereby, the blade 42 can be moved in the vertical direction.
- the drawbar 40 tilts in the vertical direction by the different expansion and contraction of the lift cylinders 44 and 45.
- the drawbar 40 swings up and down around an axis along the traveling direction of the vehicle by the expansion and contraction of the drawbar shift cylinder 46. Thereby, the inclination angle of the blade 42 can be changed.
- the circle 41 is rotatably attached to the rear end of the drawbar 40.
- the circle 41 is driven by a hydraulic motor 49 and rotates clockwise or counterclockwise with respect to the drawbar 40 as viewed from above the vehicle.
- the blade 42 is slidable in a lateral direction (left-right direction with respect to the traveling direction of the vehicle) with respect to the circle 41, and supported so as to be swingable up and down around an axis parallel to the lateral direction.
- the blade 42 can move laterally with respect to the circle 41 by means of a blade shift cylinder 47 supported by the circle 41.
- the blade 42 can be swung about an axis parallel to the lateral direction with respect to the circle 41 by the tilt cylinder 48 (see FIG. 2) to change the direction in the vertical direction. Thereby, the inclination angle with respect to the advancing direction of the blade 42 can be changed.
- the hydraulic motor 49 can rotate the circle 41 by being driven by pressure oil supplied from a first hydraulic pump 71 described later.
- the hydraulic cylinders 44 to 48 are driven by the hydraulic pressure supplied from the first hydraulic pump 71.
- the blade 42 can move up and down with respect to the vehicle, change the inclination with respect to the traveling direction, change the inclination with respect to the lateral direction, and rotate and shift in the lateral direction via the drawbar 40 and the circle 41.
- a fuel injection pump 15 is attached to the engine 5, and fuel is supplied from the fuel injection pump 15 to the engine 5.
- the supply amount is controlled by a command signal output from the control unit 8 described later to the electronic governor 16.
- the rotational speed of the engine 5 is detected by an engine rotational speed sensor 81, and is sent to the control unit 8 as a detection signal.
- the control unit 8 can control the number of revolutions of the engine 5 by controlling the amount of fuel supplied to the engine 5 by sending a command signal to the electronic governor 16.
- the power transmission mechanism 6 is a mechanism for transmitting the driving force from the engine 5 to the rear wheel 12, and includes a torque converter 62 and a transmission 60.
- the torque converter 62 is connected to the output side of the engine 5.
- the torque converter 62 is provided with a lockup clutch 70 that directly connects the member on the input side of the torque converter 62 and the member on the output side.
- the lockup clutch 70 switches between the engaged state and the released state according to the vehicle speed. When the vehicle speed reaches a certain level or more, a command signal is transmitted from the control unit 8 to the lockup clutch control valve 58, the hydraulic pressure is supplied to the lockup clutch 70, and the lockup clutch 70 is engaged.
- the transmission 60 includes an FL clutch 63, an F clutch 64, an R clutch 65, a first clutch 66, a second clutch 67, a third clutch 68, a fourth clutch 69, and a plurality of transmission gears (not shown).
- Each of the clutches 63 to 69 is a multi-plate hydraulic clutch driven by the hydraulic pressure supplied from a second hydraulic pump 72 described later. That is, each of the clutches 63 to 69 has a clutch plate on the input side and a clutch plate on the output side, and friction materials are provided on both sides of one of the clutch plates.
- the transmission 60 is provided with an oil temperature sensor 90 that detects the oil temperature in the transmission 60.
- One of the FL clutch 63 and the FH clutch 64 is engaged during forward movement, and the R clutch 65 is engaged during reverse movement.
- the 1st clutch 66, the 2nd clutch 67, the 3rd clutch 68, and the 4th clutch 69 are engaged when transmitting the driving force to the corresponding transmission gears.
- the combination of one of the FL clutch 63 and the FH clutch 64 and one of the 1st clutch 66 to 4th clutch 69 enables selection of the first to eighth speed stages during forward movement.
- the combination of the R clutch 65 and any one of the 1st clutch 66 to 4th clutch 69 makes it possible to select one of the first to fourth speed stages.
- the input rotational speed to the FL clutch 63 and the FH clutch 64 is detected by the input rotational speed sensor 82, and the detection result is sent to the control unit 8. Further, the output rotational speed from the FL clutch 63 and the FH clutch 64 is detected by an output rotational speed sensor 83, and the detection result is sent to the control unit 8.
- the traveling mechanism 9 is a mechanism for causing the vehicle to travel using the driving force from the engine 5.
- the driving force from the engine 5 is transmitted via the power transmission mechanism 6.
- the traveling mechanism 9 has a final reduction gear not shown, a tandem device 61 and a rear wheel 12.
- the driving force output from the transmission 60 is transmitted to the rear wheel 12 via the final reduction gear and the tandem device 61, and the rear wheel 12 is rotationally driven.
- the hydraulic drive mechanism 7 is a mechanism for generating hydraulic pressure by the driving force from the engine 5 and driving the clutches 63 to 69, the hydraulic motor 49, and the cylinders 44 to 48 by the hydraulic pressure.
- the hydraulic drive mechanism 7 has a first hydraulic pump 71, a second hydraulic pump 72, first to fifth cylinder control valves 73 to 77, a hydraulic motor control valve 78, and first to seventh clutch control valves 51 to 57.
- the first hydraulic pump 71 is driven by the driving force from the engine 5 and supplies pressure oil to the cylinders 44 to 48 and the hydraulic motor 49.
- the first hydraulic pump 71 is a variable displacement hydraulic pump in which the displacement of the pressure oil to be discharged can be changed by changing the tilt angle of the swash plate by the pump displacement control cylinder 71a.
- the second hydraulic pump 72 is driven by the driving force from the engine 5 and supplies pressure oil to the clutches 63 to 69 and the lockup clutch 70.
- Each of the hydraulic pressure control valves 73 to 78 and 51 to 57 is an electromagnetic proportional control valve capable of adjusting the hydraulic pressure by being electrically controlled by the control unit 8.
- the first to fifth cylinder control valves 73 to 77 adjust the hydraulic pressure supplied to the cylinders 44 to 48. Further, the hydraulic pressure supplied to each of the cylinders 44 to 48 is detected by a hydraulic pressure sensor (not shown), and the detection result is sent to the control unit 8.
- the hydraulic motor control valve 78 adjusts the hydraulic pressure supplied to the hydraulic motor 49 described above.
- the first to seventh clutch control valves 51 to 57 adjust the hydraulic pressure supplied to the clutches 63 to 69.
- the first clutch control valve 51 regulates the hydraulic pressure supplied to the FL clutch 63
- the second clutch control valve 52 regulates the hydraulic pressure supplied to the FH clutch 64.
- the third clutch control valve 53 adjusts the hydraulic pressure supplied to the R clutch 65.
- the fourth clutch control valve 54 supplies the hydraulic pressure supplied to the 1st clutch 66
- the fifth clutch control valve 55 supplies the hydraulic pressure supplied to the 2nd clutch 67
- the sixth clutch control valve 56 supplies the hydraulic pressure supplied to the 3rd clutch 68.
- the seventh clutch control valve 57 adjusts the hydraulic pressure supplied to the fourth clutch 69, respectively.
- the hydraulic pressure supplied to each of the clutches 63 to 69 is detected by a hydraulic pressure sensor, and the detection result is sent to the control unit 8.
- a hydraulic pressure sensor for detecting the oil pressure supplied to the FL clutch 63
- the oil pressure sensor 85 for detecting the oil pressure supplied to the FH clutch 64 are illustrated, and other oil pressure sensors are omitted. There is.
- the operation unit 10 is a portion operated by the operator to control the traveling of the motor grader 1 and the work implement 4.
- the operation unit 10 includes operation members such as an inching pedal 13 and an accelerator pedal 14.
- the inching pedal 13 is an operation member operated to reduce the vehicle speed by causing the FL clutch 63 or the FH clutch 64 to slip.
- the depression amount of the inching pedal 13 is detected by the sensor 13 a, and the detection result is sent to the control unit 8.
- the accelerator pedal 14 is an operation member for setting the engine rotational speed to a desired rotational speed.
- the depression amount of the accelerator pedal 14 is detected by the sensor 14 a, and the detection result is sent to the control unit 8.
- the control unit 8 controls the first to fifth cylinder control valves 73 to 77 and the hydraulic motor control valve 78 based on operation signals from the operation unit 10 and detection signals from various sensors, and operates the work machine 4. be able to. For example, the control unit 8 transmits a command signal to the first cylinder control valve 73 and the second cylinder control valve 74 to control the hydraulic pressure supplied to the lift cylinders 44 and 45, thereby vertically moving the blade 42. It can be moved.
- control unit 8 controls the first to seventh clutch control valves 51 to 57 based on operation signals from the operation unit 10, signals from various sensors, etc. Control can be performed.
- the controller 8 determines the amount of fuel supplied to the engine 5 based on the operation signal from the accelerator pedal 14 and the engine rotational speed detected by the engine rotational speed sensor 81. Then, the control unit 8 transmits a command signal corresponding to the determined supply amount to the electronic governor. As a result, the amount of fuel injection from the fuel injection pump is adjusted to an amount commensurate with the amount of depression of the accelerator pedal 14, and the engine speed is controlled. Thus, the operator can control the output of the work implement 4 and the speed of the vehicle.
- the control unit 8 adjusts a command signal to the first clutch control valve 51 or the second clutch control valve 52 based on the signal from the sensor 13a.
- the hydraulic pressure supplied to the FL clutch 63 or the FH clutch 64 is reduced. That is, the pressing force of the clutch in the engaged state of the FL clutch 63 or the FH clutch 64 is reduced, and the clutch is slipped.
- the driving force transmitted from the power transmission mechanism 6 to the traveling mechanism 9 is reduced, and the vehicle speed is reduced. Therefore, by operating the inching pedal 13, the operator can adjust the vehicle speed while suppressing the decrease in the engine speed and maintaining the output of the work implement 4.
- T TL + A x q 'x (1-e- Bt ) + (T'-TL) x e- Bt- (1)
- A f 1 (a, ⁇ , Ne)
- B f 2 ( ⁇ , Ne, c, ⁇ , V 0)
- T ' previous clutch plate temperature [° C.]
- TL Transmission oil temperature [° C]
- q ' Heat generation rate [MPa ⁇ m / sec]
- ⁇ clutch plate heat transfer coefficient (experimental value)
- Ne Engine speed [rpm]
- t Sampling time [sec]
- the heat generation rate q ' is calculated by the following equation (2).
- the clutch command hydraulic pressure (Pr) is a value obtained based on the depression amount of the inching pedal 13.
- the relationship between the depression amount of the inching pedal 13 and the clutch command hydraulic pressure is mapped in advance and stored in the memory of the control unit 8.
- the clutch plate relative rotation number ( ⁇ N) is obtained from the detection results of the input rotation number sensor 82 and the output rotation number sensor 83.
- step S1 the current clutch plate temperature is calculated from the clutch plate temperature of the previous cycle and the clutch command oil pressure.
- step S1 in the first cycle the transmission oil temperature obtained from the oil temperature sensor is used as the clutch plate temperature.
- step S2 the allowable heating rate q'al is determined.
- the allowable heat generation rate q'al varies with the temperature of the clutch plate, and thus can be obtained by the flowchart shown in FIG. 5, but the description of the flowchart shown in FIG. 5 will be described later.
- step S2 When the allowable heating rate q'al is determined in step S2, the process proceeds to step S3.
- step S3 the depression amount of the inching pedal 13 is detected.
- step S4 a clutch hydraulic pressure command value Pr0 is obtained from the depression amount of the inching pedal 13.
- the clutch hydraulic pressure in this case is a hydraulic pressure supplied to the hydraulic clutch that is performing slip control by the inching operation.
- step S5 the input rotational speed N1 and the output rotational speed N2 of the hydraulic clutch that is performing inching control are detected. That is, in order to obtain the heat generation rate q ′ of the current clutch plate in the equation (2), the clutch plate relative rotation speed ( ⁇ N) is obtained.
- step S6 it is determined whether the hydraulic clutch in the process of inching is in the half clutch state. This determination may be made based on whether or not the inching pedal 13 is depressed, or based on the clutch hydraulic pressure command value set in step S4. Alternatively, it may be determined by the relative rotation number of the clutch plate. When judging by the clutch hydraulic pressure command value, it is judged whether the clutch hydraulic pressure command value is equal to or less than a predetermined value.
- step S5 If it is determined in step S5 that the clutch is in the half clutch state, the process proceeds from step S6 to step S7.
- step S7 the heat generation rate q 'of the current clutch plate is calculated using equation (2). Further, in this step S7, the clutch hydraulic pressure upper limit value Prmax of the hydraulic clutch that is performing inching control is acquired from the allowable heat generation rate q'al. Since the clutch hydraulic pressure upper limit Prmax is determined by the allowable heat generation rate q'al, it will be described later together with the description of the setting of the allowable heat generation rate q'al.
- step S8 it is determined whether the current heat generation rate q 'obtained in step S7 exceeds the allowable heat generation rate q'al obtained in step S2.
- step S9 the clutch hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic clutch that is performing inching is set to the clutch hydraulic pressure upper limit value Prmax obtained in step S7.
- the clutch hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic clutch is set to a hydraulic pressure lower than the clutch hydraulic pressure Pro according to the depression amount of the inching pedal 13.
- step S10 the clutch hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic clutch that is performing inching is set to a clutch hydraulic pressure Pro according to the depression amount of the inching pedal 13.
- step Q1 a heat generation rate first allowable value q'al1 (specific allowable heat generation rate) determined by the specifications of the clutch plate stored in the memory of the control unit 8 is obtained.
- step Q2 a heat generation rate second allowable value q'al2 (corrected allowable heat generation rate) determined by the temperature of the clutch plate is determined by the following equation (3).
- Tal (Tal-TL- (T'-TL) e- Bt / A / (1-e- Bt )-(3)
- the allowable temperature value (Tal) of the clutch plate is a value predetermined by the specification of the clutch plate and the experience value, and is stored in the memory of the control unit 8 as described above.
- step Q3 it is determined whether the heat release rate second allowable value q'al2 is equal to or higher than the heat release rate first allowable value q'al1. If the heat release rate second allowable value q'al2 is equal to or higher than the heat release rate first allowable value q'al1, the process proceeds to step Q4, and the heat release rate first allowable value q'al1 is adopted as the allowable heat release rate q'al. . When the heat release rate second allowable value q'al2 is smaller than the heat release rate first allowable value q'al1, the heat release rate second allowable value q'al2 is adopted as the allowable heat release rate q'al.
- the heat generation rate first allowable value q'al1 determined by the specifications of the clutch plate is compared with the heat generation rate second allowable value q'al2 determined by the temperature of the clutch plate during inching, and the smaller value is the allowable heat generation rate Let q'al.
- step Q6 the clutch hydraulic pressure upper limit value Prmax of the hydraulic clutch that is executing inching control is obtained from the allowable heat generation rate q'al according to the following equation (4).
- the heat generation rate first allowable value determined by the specifications of the clutch plate is compared with the heat generation rate second allowable value calculated based on the temperature of the clutch plate during inching, and the smaller one is used as the allowable heat generation rate. , The clutch plate can be protected more reliably.
- the setting of the allowable heat generation rate q'al is not limited to the above embodiment. That is, the allowable heat generation rate q'al may be set as the heat generation rate first allowable value q'al1 determined by the specification of the clutch plate, and the heat generation rate second allowable value q determined by the temperature of the clutch plate during inching operation. It is good also as' al2.
- the temperature of the clutch plate is calculated by equation (1), but may be determined by a sensor.
- the clutch can be reliably protected at the time of inching operation, and in addition, the inching is not forcibly terminated during inching, and the workability is improved.
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- Hydraulic Clutches, Magnetic Clutches, Fluid Clutches, And Fluid Joints (AREA)
Description
ここでは、作業車両としてモーターグレーダを例にとって説明する。図1及び図2は本発明の一実施形態によるインチング制御装置を備えたモーターグレーダ1の外観斜視図及び側面図である。
フレーム2は後部フレーム21及び前部フレーム22によって構成されている。
作業機4は、ドローバ40、サークル41、ブレード42、油圧モータ49、1対のリフトシリンダ44,45、ドローバシフトシリンダ46、ブレードシフトシリンダ47、チルトシリンダ48を有している。
図3に示すように、エンジン5には、燃料噴射ポンプ15が付設されており、燃料噴射ポンプ15からエンジン5に燃料が供給される。その供給量は、後述する制御部8から電子ガバナ16に出力される指令信号によって制御される。なお、エンジン5の回転数は、エンジン回転数センサ81によって検知され、検知信号として制御部8へ送られる。制御部8は、電子ガバナ16へ指令信号を送ることにより、エンジン5への燃料の供給量を制御して、エンジン5の回転数を制御することができる。
動力伝達機構6は、エンジン5からの駆動力を後輪12に伝達するための機構であり、トルクコンバータ62及びトランスミッション60を有している。
走行機構9は、エンジン5からの駆動力を用いて車両を走行させるための機構である。走行機構9は、動力伝達機構6を介してエンジン5からの駆動力が伝達される。走行機構9は、図示しない最終減速機、タンデム装置61、後輪12を有している。トランスミッション60から出力された駆動力は、最終減速機及びタンデム装置61を介して後輪12に伝達され、後輪12が回転駆動される。
油圧駆動機構7は、エンジン5からの駆動力によって油圧を発生させ、油圧によって各クラッチ63~69、油圧モータ49,各シリンダ44~48を駆動するための機構である。油圧駆動機構7は、第1油圧ポンプ71、第2油圧ポンプ72、第1~第5シリンダ制御弁73~77、油圧モータ制御弁78、第1~第7クラッチ制御弁51~57を有する。
操作部10は、モーターグレーダ1の走行や作業機4を制御するためにオペレータによって操作される部分である。操作部10は、インチングペダル13、アクセルペダル14等の操作部材を有している。インチングペダル13は、FLクラッチ63又はFHクラッチ64に滑りを生じさせて車速を低減させるために操作される操作部材である。インチングペダル13の踏み込み量はセンサ13aによって検出され、検出結果は制御部8に送られる。アクセルペダル14は、エンジン回転数を所望の回転数に設定するための操作部材である。アクセルペダル14の踏み込み量はセンサ14aによって検出され、検出結果は制御部8に送られる。
制御部8は、操作部10からの操作信号や各種センサからの検知信号などに基づいて第1~第5シリンダ制御弁73~77や油圧モータ制御弁78を制御し、作業機4を作動することができる。例えば、制御部8は、第1シリンダ制御弁73及び第2シリンダ制御弁74へ指令信号を送信して、リフトシリンダ44,45へ供給される油圧を制御することにより、ブレード42を上下方向に移動させることができる。
このモーターグレーダ1では、インチング操作中の過剰なクラッチの発熱を防止するために、クラッチ保護制御が実行される。以下、インチングの際に実行されるクラッチ保護制御について図4に示すフローチャートに基づいて説明する。なお、図4に示す処理は、所定の周期で繰り返し実行される。
・クラッチプレートの摩擦材の摩擦係数:μ
・油圧式クラッチのピストン面積:APr[cm2]
・ピストンのリターンスプリング力:Fs[N]
・クラッチプレート摩擦面1面当たりの実面積:Ad[cm2]
・クラッチプレート摩擦面の平均円周長:Cm[m]
・クラッチプレート温度許容値(経験値):Tal[℃]
・クラッチプレート熱伝達率(実験値):β
・クラッチプレート有効面積率:a
・クラッチプレートの仕様によって決まる発熱率第1許容値q'al1(固有許容発熱率)
c:クラッチプレートの比熱[cal/g/℃]
γ:クラッチプレートの比重[g/cm3]
V0:クラッチプレートの厚み[cm]
まず、ステップS1では、クラッチプレートの温度が算出される。クラッチプレートの温度Tは、以下の式(1)によって算出される。
A=f1(a,β,Ne)
B=f2(β,Ne,c,γ,V0)
T':前回のクラッチプレート温度[℃]
TL:トランスミッションの油温[℃]
q':発熱率[MPa・m/sec]
β:クラッチプレート熱伝達率(実験値)
Ne:エンジン回転数[rpm]
t:サンプリング時間[sec]
また、発熱率q'は、以下の式(2)によって算出される。
μ:摩擦材の摩擦係数
P:クラッチ面圧[MPa]=(Pr×Apr×100-Fs)/Ad/100
Pr:クラッチ指令油圧[MPa]
Apr:油圧式クラッチのピストン面積[cm2]
Fs:ピストンのリターンスプリング力[N]
Ad:クラッチプレート摩擦面1面当たりの実面積[cm2]
V:クラッチプレートの相対周速[m/s]=Cm×ΔN/60
Cm:クラッチプレート摩擦面の平均円周長[m]
ΔN:クラッチプレート相対回転数[rpm]
なお、前述のように、クラッチプレート有効面積率(a)、クラッチプレートの比熱(c)、クラッチプレートの比重(γ)、クラッチプレートの厚み(V0)、クラッチプレートの摩擦材の摩擦係数(μ)、油圧式クラッチのピストン面積(APr)、ピストンのリターンスプリング力(Fs)、クラッチプレート摩擦面1面当たりの実面積(Ad)、クラッチプレート摩擦面の平均円周長(Cm)、クラッチプレート熱伝達率(実験値β)の各値は、制御部8のメモリに予め格納されている。
許容発熱率q'alを設定するための処理を、図5のフローチャートを用いて説明する。
Tal:クラッチプレートの温度許容値[℃]
なお、クラッチプレートの温度許容値(Tal)は、クラッチプレートの仕様及び経験値によって予め定められている値であり、前述のように、制御部8のメモリに記憶されている。
Ad:クラッチプレート摩擦面1面当たりの実面積[cm2]
μ:摩擦材の摩擦係数
V:クラッチプレートの相対周速[m/s]=Cm×ΔN/60
Fs:ピストンのリターンスプリング力[N]
Apr:油圧式クラッチのピストン面積[cm2]
なお、これらの値は、前述のように、制御部8のメモリに記憶されている、あるいは記憶されている値から求められる。
(1)インチング操作中にクラッチプレートの発熱率が許容発熱率を超えた場合は、許容発熱率に対応するクラッチ油圧上限値に設定される。したがって、クラッチプレートの発熱が抑えられ、クラッチプレートを確実に保護できる。
本発明は以上のような実施形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の範囲を逸脱することなく種々の変形又は修正が可能である。
5 エンジン
8 制御部
9 走行機構
13 インチングペダル
51 第1クラッチ制御弁
52 第2クラッチ制御弁
60 トランスミッション
63 FLクラッチ
64 FHクラッチ
82 入力回転数センサ
83 出力回転数センサ
Claims (8)
- 摩擦材が固定されたクラッチプレートを有する動力伝達用の油圧式クラッチと、前記油圧式クラッチにすべりを生じさせるためのインチング操作部材と、を有する作業車両に設けられ、前記インチング操作部材の操作時に前記油圧式クラッチに供給されるクラッチ油圧を制御するインチング制御装置であって、
前記クラッチプレートの許容発熱率を獲得する許容発熱率獲得手段と、
前記インチング操作部材の操作量を検出する操作量検出手段と、
前記インチング操作部材の操作量からインチング中の前記クラッチプレートの発熱率を演算する発熱率演算手段と、
インチング中に、発熱率演算手段で得られた発熱率が前記許容発熱率を超えないように前記クラッチ油圧を制御する油圧制御手段と、
を備えた作業車両のインチング制御装置。 - 前記油圧式クラッチの入出力の回転数差である相対回転数を検出する相対回転数検出手段と、
前記インチング操作部材の操作量に対応するクラッチ油圧を求めるクラッチ油圧獲得手段と、
前記摩擦材の摩擦係数が格納された記憶手段と、
をさらに備え、
前記発熱率演算手段は、前記相対回転数、前記クラッチ油圧、及び前記摩擦係数によって前記クラッチプレートの発熱率を演算する、
請求項1に記載の作業車両のインチング制御装置。 - 前記許容発熱率に対応するクラッチ油圧上限値を演算するクラッチ油圧上限値演算手段をさらに備え、
前記油圧制御手段は、前記発熱率演算手段で得られた発熱率が前記許容発熱率を超えた場合はクラッチ油圧を前記クラッチ油圧上限値に設定する、
請求項2に記載の作業車両のインチング制御装置。 - 前記インチング油圧上限値演算手段は、少なくとも、前記許容発熱率、前記相対回転数、前記摩擦係数を含む条件値から前記クラッチ油圧上限値を演算する、請求項3に記載の作業車両のインチング制御装置。
- 前記記憶手段は前記クラッチプレートの仕様によって決まる固有許容発熱率を格納し、
インチング中の前記クラッチプレートの温度に応じて修正許容発熱率を演算する修正許容発熱率演算手段と、
前記固有許容発熱率と前記修正許容発熱率のうちの小さい方を前記許容発熱率として選択する許容発熱率設定手段と、
をさらに備えた、請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の作業車両のインチング制御装置。 - 前記油圧式クラッチに供給される潤滑油の温度を検出する油温センサと、
前記潤滑油の熱伝達率及び前記クラッチプレートの仕様値が格納された記憶手段と、
前記油温、前記潤滑油の熱伝達率、前記クラッチプレートの仕様値を含む条件値によってインチング中の前記クラッチプレートの温度を演算するクラッチプレート温度演算手段と、
をさらに備えた、請求項5に記載の作業車両のインチング制御装置。 - 前記クラッチプレート温度演算手段は、インチング中に所定の周期で前記クラッチプレートの温度を演算により求めるものであり、
前記修正許容発熱率演算手段は、所定の周期で得られた前記クラッチプレートの温度に応じて前記修正許容発熱量を演算する、
請求項6に記載の作業車両のインチング制御装置。 - エンジンと、
車両を走行させるための走行機構と、
摩擦材が固定されたクラッチプレートを有する油圧式クラッチを含み、前記エンジンからの駆動力を前記走行機構に伝達するトランスミッションと、
前記油圧式クラッチにすべりを生じさせるためのインチング操作部材と、
請求項1から7に記載のインチング制御装置と、
を備えた作業車両。
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| CN201280062395.7A CN103998812B (zh) | 2012-03-29 | 2012-12-21 | 作业车辆及其微动控制装置 |
| US14/366,424 US9400020B2 (en) | 2012-03-29 | 2012-12-21 | Work vehicle and inching control device thereof |
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| JP2012-075772 | 2012-03-29 | ||
| JP2012075772A JP5276733B1 (ja) | 2012-03-29 | 2012-03-29 | 作業車両及びそのインチング制御装置 |
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| CA2976324A1 (en) * | 2015-02-17 | 2016-08-25 | Honda Motor Co.,Ltd. | Hydraulic control device for power distribution device |
| DE102015213151A1 (de) * | 2015-07-14 | 2017-01-19 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Verfahren zum Übertragen einer Leistung einer Inchkupplung |
| KR101846916B1 (ko) * | 2015-12-14 | 2018-04-09 | 현대자동차 주식회사 | 하이브리드 차량의 엔진 클러치 마찰계수 상향 학습 방법 |
| JP6370971B1 (ja) * | 2017-03-03 | 2018-08-08 | ファナック株式会社 | 寿命評価装置およびロボットシステム |
| JP7219573B2 (ja) * | 2018-09-28 | 2023-02-08 | 株式会社小松製作所 | 作業車両 |
| RU191554U1 (ru) * | 2019-03-05 | 2019-08-12 | Леонид Александрович Румянцев | Устройство управления коробкой передач с фрикционами переключения ступеней |
| CN111791869B (zh) * | 2019-10-31 | 2021-10-08 | 长城汽车股份有限公司 | 一种智能四驱控制方法、系统及车辆 |
| US11492778B2 (en) * | 2020-05-13 | 2022-11-08 | Caterpillar Inc. | Circle assembly for a motor grader |
| CN114379529B (zh) * | 2021-12-31 | 2025-05-02 | 杭叉集团股份有限公司 | 一种工业车辆微动控制系统及控制方法 |
| CN114941666B (zh) * | 2022-04-02 | 2024-06-18 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | 离合器控制方法、装置、电子设备和存储介质 |
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| CN103998812B (zh) | 2016-03-30 |
| CN103998812A (zh) | 2014-08-20 |
| US9400020B2 (en) | 2016-07-26 |
| US20150019092A1 (en) | 2015-01-15 |
| JP5276733B1 (ja) | 2013-08-28 |
| JP2013204747A (ja) | 2013-10-07 |
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