WO2013128693A1 - 撮像装置 - Google Patents
撮像装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013128693A1 WO2013128693A1 PCT/JP2012/073564 JP2012073564W WO2013128693A1 WO 2013128693 A1 WO2013128693 A1 WO 2013128693A1 JP 2012073564 W JP2012073564 W JP 2012073564W WO 2013128693 A1 WO2013128693 A1 WO 2013128693A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
- H04N9/64—Circuits for processing colour signals
- H04N9/646—Circuits for processing colour signals for image enhancement, e.g. vertical detail restoration, cross-colour elimination, contour correction, chrominance trapping filters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/80—Camera processing pipelines; Components thereof
- H04N23/81—Camera processing pipelines; Components thereof for suppressing or minimising disturbance in the image signal generation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/80—Camera processing pipelines; Components thereof
- H04N23/84—Camera processing pipelines; Components thereof for processing colour signals
- H04N23/843—Demosaicing, e.g. interpolating colour pixel values
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/10—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof for transforming different wavelengths into image signals
- H04N25/11—Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics
- H04N25/13—Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics characterised by the spectral characteristics of the filter elements
- H04N25/134—Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics characterised by the spectral characteristics of the filter elements based on three different wavelength filter elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/60—Noise processing, e.g. detecting, correcting, reducing or removing noise
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
- H04N9/77—Circuits for processing the brightness signal and the chrominance signal relative to each other, e.g. adjusting the phase of the brightness signal relative to the colour signal, correcting differential gain or differential phase
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N2209/00—Details of colour television systems
- H04N2209/04—Picture signal generators
- H04N2209/041—Picture signal generators using solid-state devices
- H04N2209/042—Picture signal generators using solid-state devices having a single pick-up sensor
- H04N2209/045—Picture signal generators using solid-state devices having a single pick-up sensor using mosaic colour filter
- H04N2209/046—Colour interpolation to calculate the missing colour values
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an imaging apparatus.
- a video signal processing circuit is a video signal processing circuit in which image distortion occurs due to optical distortion in image processing on a video signal input from an image sensor, and is a RAW image before YC processing. According to this configuration, distortion correction processing is performed on RAW image data which is so-called raw data before being converted into YC image data. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the memory size of the memory for storing the data (RAW image data) immediately before the distortion correction process ”. (See summary)
- the present invention solves the above problems and provides an imaging apparatus capable of image processing with a small circuit scale and little resolution degradation.
- An image pickup apparatus for picking up an image of an object, the same color interpolation for generating an interpolation signal after correcting distortion of a lens by using an image pickup element having a plurality of color filters and the same color pixel among image signals from the image pickup element
- a luminance signal generation unit that generates a luminance signal from the image signal from the imaging device, and a first luminance interpolation that generates an interpolation signal after correcting the distortion of the lens using the luminance signal generated by the luminance signal generation unit
- the lens distortion characteristic table data part Based on the information from the lens distortion characteristic table data section, the lens distortion characteristic table data part that stores the information of the coordinates after correction of the lens distortion characteristic in the memory, and the lens distortion characteristic table data part.
- a coordinate / interpolation coefficient setting unit that generates interpolation coefficients for correction separately for each of the same color interpolation unit, the first luminance interpolation unit, and the second luminance interpolation unit, and the first luminance interpolation unit.
- Interpolated signal and the second luminance An imaging apparatus characterized by the ratio of the generated interpolation signals between unit having a correction unit for outputting an interpolation signal for correcting the signal from the same color interpolation section.
- An image pickup apparatus for picking up an image of an object, and the same color interpolation for generating an interpolation signal after correcting distortion of a lens using an image pickup element having a plurality of color filters and the same color pixel among image signals from the image pickup element
- a luminance signal generation unit that generates a luminance signal from the image signal from the imaging device, and a first luminance interpolation that generates an interpolation signal after correcting the distortion of the lens using the luminance signal generated by the luminance signal generation unit
- a second luminance interpolation unit a lens distortion characteristic function calculation unit that calculates coordinates after lens distortion characteristic correction for each pixel based on a preset lens distortion characteristic function, and a lens distortion characteristic function calculation unit Based on the information, a coordinate / interpolation coefficient setting unit that individually sets an interpolation coefficient for correcting lens distortion for each of the same color interpolation unit, the first luminance interpolation unit, and the second luminance interpolation unit, The interpolation signal generated by the first luminance interpolation unit
- the imaging apparatus uses the luminance signal having a correlation with the frequency component of the RAW signal, and sets the corrected RAW signal having a higher frequency component than the interpolation signal generated from the same color pixel to a desired correction position.
- the RAW data By generating the RAW data, it is possible to perform the RAW data interpolation while suppressing the deterioration of the resolution, and at the same time, it is possible to reduce the circuit scale.
- the imaging apparatus has functions such as scaling (enlargement / reduction), lens distortion correction, rotation / viewpoint conversion, and pixel addition distortion correction by appropriately setting the correction position of the corrected RAW signal. is there.
- an imaging apparatus capable of image processing with a small circuit scale and little deterioration in resolution.
- FIG. 1 shows the 1st structural example of an imaging device.
- (a) is an operation explanatory diagram (1) of the luminance signal generation unit
- (b) is an operation explanatory diagram (2) of the luminance signal generation unit.
- (a) is a supplementary diagram (1) for explaining the interpolation coefficient pattern 1 ( ⁇ ⁇ 0.5, ⁇ ⁇ 0.5)
- (b) is a supplementary diagram for explaining the interpolation coefficient pattern 1 ( ⁇ ⁇ 0.5, ⁇ ⁇ 0.5) (2).
- C) is a supplementary diagram (3) for explaining the interpolation coefficient pattern 1 ( ⁇ ⁇ 0.5, ⁇ ⁇ 0.5)
- (d) is a description of the interpolation coefficient pattern 1 ( ⁇ ⁇ 0.5, ⁇ ⁇ 0.5). It is a supplementary figure (4).
- the image pickup apparatus performs A / D conversion on a color image pickup device 100 having a plurality of color filters and an electric signal output from the image pickup device, and outputs a digital signal.
- Circuit 107 luminance signal generation unit 101 that generates a luminance signal from the RAW signal output from the A / D conversion circuit, and a first luminance interpolation unit that generates and outputs an interpolation signal using the generated luminance signal, respectively.
- the light incident from the subject via the imaging lens is irradiated to the image sensor 100, and a subject image is formed.
- the image sensor 100 is scanned horizontally and vertically by a drive pulse from a timing generator, picks up an object image, and generates an electric signal.
- This electric signal is converted into a digital signal by the A / D conversion circuit 107 and input to the signal processing circuit as a RAW signal.
- the signal processing circuit performs various camera signal processing such as noise removal and gamma correction, and converts the signal into a signal such as a TV signal and outputs it.
- One feature of the present embodiment occurs when scaling (enlargement / reduction), lens distortion correction, rotation / viewpoint conversion, and pixel addition within the image sensor between the A / D conversion circuit and signal processing described above.
- the correction is performed by shifting the center of gravity of each pixel, such as correction of distortion, and an output RAW signal with little deterioration in resolution is realized at a low cost without changing the color filter array order of the RAW signal. .
- the operation of the luminance signal generation unit 101 will be described with reference to FIG.
- the RAW signal output from the A / D conversion circuit is sequentially input to the luminance signal generation unit 101 and the same color interpolation unit 104 for each pixel.
- the image sensor is a color single-plate image sensor, for example, pixels corresponding to four color filters of A, B, C, and D are arranged in 2 ⁇ 2 pairs as shown in FIG. .
- the luminance signal generation unit 101 generates a luminance signal corresponding to the sampling position of each pixel of the RAW signal by performing interpolation by filter processing.
- Y33 (A33 + (B32 + B34) / 2 + (C23 + C43) / 2 + (D22 + D24 + D42 + D44) / 4) / 4
- the luminance (Y) signal can be generated by processing in the same manner for the pixels at other positions.
- the luminance signal generated by the luminance signal generation unit 101 is input to the first luminance interpolation unit 102 and the second luminance interpolation unit 103, respectively.
- the same-color interpolation unit 104 generates an interpolation signal by interpolating the pixel signal whose center of gravity is shifted by using the neighboring same-color pixel signal, and outputs the interpolation signal to the correction unit 105.
- the first luminance interpolation unit 102 generates an interpolation signal by interpolating the pixel signal with the center of gravity shifted by filtering using the luminance signal at the same sampling position as the pixel position used for filtering in the same color interpolation unit 104. , Output to the correction unit 105.
- the pixel signal whose center of gravity is shifted is partially or completely different from the luminance signal used when the first luminance interpolation unit generates the interpolation signal (for example, the neighborhood having the highest correlation).
- An interpolation signal is generated by interpolation using filtering using a luminance signal, and is output to the correction unit 105.
- the signals interpolated by the first luminance interpolation unit 102, the second luminance interpolation unit 103, and the same color interpolation unit 104 are respectively calculated by the correction unit 105, and a desired value is obtained for each pixel of the input RAW signal.
- a corrected RAW signal is output by shifting the position of the center of gravity to the position.
- the correction unit 105 uses the ratio of the interpolation signal generated by the first luminance interpolation unit 102 and the interpolation signal generated by the second luminance interpolation unit 103 to correct and output the signal from the same color interpolation unit 104. To do.
- FIGS. 3 to 7 show examples when one pixel of a certain A color is generated by interpolation.
- FIG. 3 shows a case where an A color interpolation signal corresponding to the center of gravity of the star mark between A33, A44, A53, and A55 is generated, and the center of gravity is determined by A33 among A33, A44, A53, and A55. This is an example of the closest case. This is defined as interpolation coefficient pattern 1 ( ⁇ ⁇ 0.5, ⁇ ⁇ 0.5).
- the pattern is divided into four patterns according to the position of the interpolation pixel to be generated.
- the coefficient ⁇ represents the ratio of the position in the horizontal direction
- the coefficient ⁇ represents the ratio of the position in the vertical direction
- the same color interpolation unit 104 uses the interpolation coefficients ⁇ and ⁇ set by the interpolation coefficient setting unit 106 to generate an interpolation signal (AL) using A33, A35, A53, and A55.
- AL A33 * (1- ⁇ ) * (1- ⁇ ) + A35 * ⁇ * (1- ⁇ ) + A53 * (1- ⁇ ) * ⁇ + A55 * ⁇ * ⁇ Asking.
- the first luminance interpolation unit 102 uses the interpolation coefficients ⁇ and ⁇ set by the interpolation coefficient setting unit 106 to generate an interpolation signal (YL) using Y33, Y35, Y53, and Y55.
- YL Y33 * (1- ⁇ ) * (1- ⁇ ) + Y35 * ⁇ * (1- ⁇ ) + Y53 * (1- ⁇ ) * ⁇ + Y55 * ⁇ * ⁇ Asking.
- the second luminance interpolation unit 103 calculates Y33, Y34, Y43, and Y44 according to the interpolation coefficients ⁇ and ⁇ ( ⁇ ⁇ 0.5, ⁇ ⁇ 0.5) set by the interpolation coefficient setting unit 106.
- Use interpolation signal (YH) (Equation 4)
- YH Y33 * (1-2 ⁇ ) * (1-2 ⁇ ) + Y34 * 2 ⁇ * (1-2 ⁇ ) + Y43 * (1-2 ⁇ ) * 2 ⁇ + Y44 * 2 ⁇ * 2 ⁇ Asking. Since the second luminance interpolation unit 103 uses different luminance signals from the first luminance interpolation unit 102, ⁇ and ⁇ in the first luminance interpolation unit 102 are 2 ⁇ and 2 ⁇ , respectively. It will be considerable.
- the AL calculated by the same color interpolation unit 104 is a narrow-band image signal (has a low high-frequency gain) because the pixels used for the interpolation are separated.
- the YL calculated by the first luminance interpolation unit 102 has the same filter characteristics as the AL calculated by the same color interpolation unit 104, and similarly becomes a narrowband luminance signal.
- YH calculated by the second luminance interpolation unit 103 is a wideband luminance signal (high-frequency gain is not higher than YL) because the distance between pixels used for interpolation is short.
- the second luminance interpolation unit 103 uses a different luminance signal than the first luminance interpolation unit 102, ⁇ , (1 ⁇ ), and ⁇ in the first luminance interpolation unit 102 are the second luminance interpolation unit 103. Then, they are equivalent to (2 ⁇ -1), (2- ⁇ ), and 2 ⁇ , respectively.
- the second luminance interpolation unit 103 uses a different luminance signal from the first luminance interpolation unit 102, ⁇ , ⁇ , and (1- ⁇ ) in the first luminance interpolation unit 102 are the second luminance interpolation unit 103. Then, they correspond to 2 ⁇ , (2 ⁇ -1), and (2- ⁇ ), respectively.
- the second luminance interpolation unit 103 uses a different luminance signal than the first luminance interpolation unit 102, ⁇ , (1- ⁇ ), ⁇ , (1- ⁇ ) in the first luminance interpolation unit 102 are
- the second luminance interpolation unit 103 corresponds to (2 ⁇ -1), (2- ⁇ ), (2 ⁇ -1), and (2- ⁇ ), respectively.
- the second luminance interpolation unit 103 needs to change the coefficient in accordance with the position of the center of gravity of the interpolation pixel to be generated.
- a supplemental description will be given of the coefficient switching method of the second luminance interpolation unit 103 with reference to FIG.
- the second luminance interpolation unit 103 divides the processing into four patterns according to the interpolation coefficients ⁇ and ⁇ set from the interpolation coefficient setting unit 106.
- the second luminance interpolation unit 103 generates an interpolation signal (YH) by dividing the four processes according to the interpolation coefficients ⁇ and ⁇ set by the interpolation coefficient setting unit 106.
- a signal in which the center of gravity of the RAW signal is shifted can be generated by interpolation while suppressing deterioration in resolution. Furthermore, since a RAW signal generally has a smaller bit width than an RGB signal or a YUV signal, an interpolation signal can be generated with a small circuit scale.
- the second luminance interpolation unit 103 determines four patterns and separates the processing according to the pattern.
- the interpolation coefficient setting unit 106 determines four patterns
- Pattern information may be supplied to the second luminance interpolation unit 103, and the second luminance interpolation unit 103 may perform processing separation based on the pattern information.
- FIG. 8 A second embodiment of the imaging apparatus will be described with reference to FIGS.
- the description of the configuration that performs the same operation as in FIG. 1 will be omitted as appropriate, and the different configuration will be mainly described.
- the second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the interpolation coefficient setting unit 106 according to the first embodiment inputs a magnification and a start position instructed from a control microcomputer (not shown), and a timing generator (not shown).
- the horizontal (H) / vertical (V) coordinate information synchronized with the RAW signal given from the input is input, the coordinates after scaling (enlargement / reduction) for each pixel are calculated from these input information, and sequentially for each pixel.
- the scaling calculation unit 207 to be output to the coordinate / interpolation coefficient setting unit 206, the coordinate information from the scaling calculation unit 207, and the interpolation coefficients ⁇ and ⁇ calculated from the coordinate information are respectively converted into the first luminance interpolation unit 202 and the second
- the luminance interpolation unit 203 and the coordinate / interpolation coefficient setting unit 206 output to the same color interpolation unit 204 are configured.
- the same color four pixels surrounding the position of the coordinate information from the scaling calculation unit 207 are selected, and the position of the same color four pixels is described above.
- the same interpolation process as in FIG. 1 is performed.
- 6 * 6 pixels horizontally and vertically are arranged within the same area and 4 * 4 pixels are allocated, and the ratio of the start point and ⁇ , ⁇ is assigned in order to be the center of gravity of each 4 * 4 pixel, and the interpolation described above Correction of A11 ', B12', A13 ', B14', C21 ', D22', C23 ', D24', A31 ', B32', A33 ', B34', C41 ', D42', C43 ', D44' A later RAW signal is generated. Thereafter, the corrected RAW signal is processed at the same speed as that of the original RAW signal, so that the desired reduction processing is 2/3 times.
- FIG. 11 is an example of a scaling operation for B34 ′ and D46 ′ at the time of enlargement in FIG.
- the first luminance interpolation unit 202, the second luminance interpolation unit 203, and the same color interpolation unit 204 select B12, B14, B32, and B34 of four pixels of the same color surrounding the coordinates.
- FIG. 12 shows an example of the scaling operation for A33 ′ and D44 ′ at the time of reduction in FIG.
- the first luminance interpolation unit 202, the second luminance interpolation unit 203, and the same color interpolation unit 204 select A33, A35, A53, and A55 of the same four pixels surrounding the coordinates.
- coordinates (5.25, 5.25)
- four pixels of the same color are D44, D46, D64, and D66.
- the imaging apparatus can generate a scaled (enlarged / reduced) RAW signal while suppressing degradation in resolution. Furthermore, since a RAW signal generally has a smaller bit width than an RGB signal or a YUV signal, it is possible to provide an imaging apparatus having a scaling function with a small circuit scale.
- FIGS. 13 and 14 Another modification of the imaging device will be described with reference to FIGS. In FIGS. 13 and 14, the description of the configuration that performs the same operation as in FIGS. 1 and 8 will be omitted as appropriate, and different configurations will be mainly described.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a third configuration example of the imaging apparatus, which includes a lens distortion correction function.
- the lens distortion correction function in the present embodiment as a difference from the first embodiment, in the interpolation coefficient setting unit of the first embodiment, the shift amount of the coordinates of each pixel according to the lens distortion characteristics is used as table data.
- the corrected coordinates are calculated and calculated from the lens distortion characteristic table data unit 307 to be output to the coordinate / interpolation coefficient setting unit 206 sequentially for each pixel, the coordinate information from the lens distortion characteristic table data unit 307, and the coordinate information.
- Interpolating coefficients ⁇ and ⁇ are output to the first luminance interpolating section 202, the second luminance interpolating section 203, and the same color interpolating section 204, respectively. And it has composition which has.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a fourth configuration example as a modification of the imaging apparatus having a lens distortion correction function.
- the difference from the first embodiment is that the interpolation coefficient setting unit in the first embodiment is synchronized with the position of the RAW data provided from a timing generator (not shown) or the like ( H) / vertical (V) coordinate information is input, for example, the amount of distortion is calculated according to the distance from the lens center to the current coordinates using a calculation formula according to the lens characteristics, and the center position of the image sensor
- a lens distortion characteristic function calculation unit that calculates the coordinates after lens distortion correction by correcting the distortion amount in the direction from the current pixel to the current pixel, and sequentially outputs to the coordinate / interpolation coefficient setting unit 206 for each pixel 407, coordinate information from the lens distortion characteristic function calculation unit 407, and interpolation coefficients ⁇ and ⁇ calculated from the coordinate information are output to the first luminance interpolation unit 202, the second luminance interpolation
- FIG. 15 is a diagram supplementing the explanation of the distortion correction function.
- 15A is a diagram before distortion correction
- FIG. 15B is a diagram after distortion correction.
- the dotted line indicates the distortion characteristics of the lens
- the point indicates the position of the center of gravity of the pixel
- the arrow corrects the lens distortion.
- the vector in which the center of gravity of the pixel has moved before and after correction is shown.
- this vector is stored as table data in the lens distortion characteristic table data unit 307, and the coordinate / interpolation coefficient setting unit 206 uses the lens distortion characteristic table data to determine the lens.
- Interpolation coefficients for correcting distortion are individually generated and output to each of the first luminance interpolation unit 202, the second luminance interpolation unit 203, and the same color interpolation unit 204.
- the lens distortion characteristic function calculation unit 407 has a vector size determined in advance as a function corresponding to the distance from the center of the imaging element.
- Reference numeral 407 calculates coordinates after lens distortion characteristic correction for each pixel based on a preset lens distortion characteristic function, and the coordinate / interpolation coefficient setting unit 206 is based on information from the lens distortion characteristic function calculation unit 407.
- the interpolation coefficients for correcting the lens distortion are individually set and output for each of the first luminance interpolation unit 202, the second luminance interpolation unit 203, and the same color interpolation unit 204.
- each interpolation unit performs the same processing as in the first embodiment based on the coordinates after lens distortion correction, and performs RAW data interpolation.
- the distortion correction function can be realized by performing interpolation of RAW data while obtaining the effects of the first embodiment.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the present embodiment can be similarly applied to a case of pincushion distortion, for example. Similar effects can be obtained.
- the present invention can be applied even if the number of table data is reduced and the portion where the number is reduced is compensated by calculation, and the same effect as in the present embodiment can be obtained.
- the distortion function corresponding to each color in the RAW signal is individually held, and the interpolation signal is generated individually for each color signal. While obtaining the effects of the first embodiment, not only distortion but also lateral chromatic aberration can be corrected among lens distortions.
- a periodic color filter arrangement of 2 * 2 pixels horizontally and vertically has been described as an example, but the present invention is not limited to a 2 * 2 array, and an image sensor having a 2 * 4 array is used. Even in such a case, the present invention can be similarly applied to an image pickup device having a special arrangement such as a honeycomb structure or in the case of other color filter arrangements.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and includes various modifications.
- the above-described embodiments have been described in detail for easy understanding of the present invention, and are not necessarily limited to those having all the configurations described.
- a part of the configuration of one embodiment can be replaced with the configuration of another embodiment, and the configuration of another embodiment can be added to the configuration of one embodiment.
- each of the above-described configurations may be configured such that a part or all of the configuration is configured by hardware, or is realized by executing a program by a processor.
- control lines and information lines indicate what is considered necessary for the explanation, and not all the control lines and information lines on the product are necessarily shown. Actually, it may be considered that almost all the components are connected to each other.
- luminance signal generation unit 102 first luminance interpolation unit 103 second luminance interpolation unit 104 same color interpolation unit 105 correction unit 106 interpolation coefficient setting unit 206 coordinate / interpolation coefficient setting unit 207 scaling calculation unit 307 lens distortion characteristic table data unit 407 lens distortion Characteristic function calculator
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Abstract
Description
(1)被写体を撮像する撮像装置であって、複数の色フィルタを有する撮像素子と、該撮像素子からの画像信号のうち同色画素を用いてレンズの歪補正後の補間信号を生成する同色補間部と、該撮像素子からの画像信号から輝度信号を生成する輝度信号生成部と、該輝度信号生成部で生成した輝度信号を用いてレンズの歪補正後の補間信号を生成する第1輝度補間部および第2輝度補間部と、レンズ歪特性補正後の座標の情報をメモリに保持しておくレンズ歪特性テーブルデータ部と、該レンズ歪特性テーブルデータ部からの情報を基に、レンズ歪を補正するための補間係数を前記同色補間部と前記第1輝度補間部と前記第2輝度補間部の各々に対して個別に生成する座標・補間係数設定部と、前記第1輝度補間部で生成した補間信号と前記第2輝度補間部で生成した補間信号の比から前記同色補間部からの信号を補正する補間信号を出力する補正部と、を有することを特徴とする撮像装置である。
(2)被写体を撮像する撮像装置であって、複数の色フィルタを有する撮像素子と、該撮像素子からの画像信号のうち同色画素を用いてレンズの歪補正後の補間信号を生成する同色補間部と、該撮像素子からの画像信号から輝度信号を生成する輝度信号生成部と、該輝度信号生成部で生成した輝度信号を用いてレンズの歪補正後の補間信号を生成する第1輝度補間部および第2輝度補間部と、予め設定されたレンズ歪特性関数を基に画素毎にレンズ歪特性補正後の座標を演算するレンズ歪特性関数演算部と、該レンズ歪特性関数演算部からの情報を基に、レンズ歪を補正するための補間係数を前記同色補間部と前記第1輝度補間部と前記第2輝度補間部の各々に対して個別に設定する座標・補間係数設定部と、前記第1輝度補間部で生成した補間信号と前記第2輝度補間部で生成した補間信号の比から前記同色補間部からの信号を補正する補間信号を出力する補正部と、を有することを特徴とする撮像装置である。
本実施形態に係る撮像装置は、図1に示す通り、複数の色フィルタを有するカラー撮像素子100と、撮像素子から出力された電気信号をA/D変換してデジタル信号を出力A/D変換回路107と、A/D変換回路から出力されるRAW信号から輝度信号を生成する輝度信号生成部101と、生成された輝度信号を用いてそれぞれ補間信号を生成して出力する第1輝度補間部102及び第2輝度信号補間部103と、A/D変換回路から出力されるRAW信号のうち同色画素の信号を用いて補間信号を生成する同色補完部104と、それぞれの補間信号を用いて演算により補正RAW信号を生成して出力する補正部105と、を適宜用いて構成される。以下、各構成の動作について詳細に説明する。
A/D変換回路から出力されたRAW信号は、画素ごとに順次、輝度信号生成部101と同色補間部104にそれぞれ入力する。撮像素子はカラー単板撮像素子であれば、たとえばA色、B色、C色、D色の4色の色フィルタに対応する画素が2x2のペアで図2(a)のように配列される。撮像素子が原色ベイヤ配列であれば、例えばA=R、B=C=G、D=Bと表せば良い。輝度信号生成部101は、RAW信号の各画素のサンプリング位置に対応する輝度信号を、フィルタ処理による補間を行うことで生成する。例えば、Y33の場合には、(数1)Y33=(A33+(B32+B34)/2+(C23+C43)/2+(D22+D24+D42+D44)/4)/4
の演算で生成し、他の位置の画素についても同様に処理することで輝度(Y)信号を生成できる。
図3は、A33とA44とA53とA55の間にある★印の重心位置に対応したA色の補間信号を生成する場合であり、その重心位置はA33とA44とA53とA55のうちA33が最も近い場合の例である。これを補間係数パターン1(α<0.5、β<0.5)と定義する。
(数2)AL= A33*(1-α)*(1-β)+A35*α*(1-β)+A53*(1-α)*β+A55*α*β
の、ように求める。
(数3)YL= Y33*(1-α)*(1-β) +Y35*α*(1-β)+Y53*(1-α)*β+Y55*α*β
の、ように求める。
(数4)YH= Y33*(1-2α)*(1-2β)+Y34*2α*(1-2β)+Y43*(1-2α)*2β+Y44*2α*2β
の、ように求める。第2輝度補間部103では、第1輝度補間部102とは使用する輝度信号が異なるため、第1輝度補間部102での、α、βが、第2輝度補間部103では、それぞれ2α、2β相当となる。
(数5)AH(広帯域):AL(狭帯域)≒ YH(広帯域):YL(狭帯域)
が成り立つ。そこで補正部105は図3(d)に示すとおり、上記(数5)を変形し、
(数6)AH=AL*YH/YL
として、高周波の利得が高くボケていないA色の補間信号AHを求める。
(数7)YH= Y34*(2-α)*(1-2β)+Y35*(2α-1)*(1-2β)+Y44*(2-α)*2β+Y45*(2α-1)*2β
の、ように求める。第2輝度補間部103では、第1輝度補間部102とは使用する輝度信号が異なるため、第1輝度補間部102での、α、(1-α)、βが、第2輝度補間部103では、それぞれ(2α-1)、(2-α)、2β相当となる。
(数8)YH= Y43*(1-2α)*(2-β)+Y44*2α*(2-β)+Y53*(1-2α)*(2β-1)+Y54*2α*(2β-1)
の、ように求める。第2輝度補間部103では、第1輝度補間部102とは使用する輝度信号が異なるため、第1輝度補間部102での、α、β、(1-β)が、第2輝度補間部103では、それぞれ2α、(2β-1)、(2-β)相当となる。
(数9)YH=Y44*(2-α)*(2-β)+Y45*(2α-1)*(2-β)+Y54*(2-α)*(2β-1)+Y55*(2α-1)*( 2β-1)
の、ように求める。第2輝度補間部103では、第1輝度補間部102とは使用する輝度信号が異なるため、第1輝度補間部102での、α、(1-α)、β、(1-β)が、第2輝度補間部103では、それぞれ(2α-1)、(2-α)、(2β-1)、(2-β)相当となる。
図9は、拡大時の動作説明を補足する図で、8/6=4/3倍に左上の部分から拡大する例である。水平垂直に6*6ある画素を同一面積内に8*8の画素を配置して、8*8の各画素の重心になるようにそれぞれ順に始点と補間係数α、βの比率を割り当て、上記した補間によりA11’、B12’、A13’、B14’、A15’、B16’、C21’、D22’、C23’、D24’、C25’、D26’、A31’、B32’、A33’、B34’、A35’、B36’、C41’、D42’、C43’、D44’、C45’、D46’、A51’、B52’、A53’、B54’、A55’、B56’、C61’、D62’、C63’、D64’、C65’、D66’の補正後RAW信号を生成する。その後、当該補正後RAW信号を元のRAW信号と同様の速度で処理することで所望である4/3倍の拡大処理となる。
図11は、図9での拡大時のB34’、D46’に対するスケーリング演算の例である。
102 第1輝度補間部
103 第2輝度補間部
104 同色補間部
105 補正部
106 補間係数設定部
206 座標・補間係数設定部
207 スケーリング演算部
307 レンズ歪特性テーブルデータ部
407 レンズ歪特性関数演算部
Claims (6)
- 被写体を撮像する撮像装置であって、
複数の色フィルタを有する撮像素子と、
該撮像素子からの画像信号のうち同色画素を用いてレンズの歪補正後の補間信号を生成する同色補間部と、
該撮像素子からの画像信号から輝度信号を生成する輝度信号生成部と、
該輝度信号生成部で生成した輝度信号を用いてレンズの歪補正後の補間信号を生成する第1輝度補間部および第2輝度補間部と、
レンズ歪特性補正後の座標の情報をメモリに保持しておくレンズ歪特性テーブルデータ部と、
該レンズ歪特性テーブルデータ部からの情報を基に、レンズ歪を補正するための補間係数を前記同色補間部と前記第1輝度補間部と前記第2輝度補間部の各々に対して個別に生成する座標・補間係数設定部と、
前記第1輝度補間部で生成した補間信号と前記第2輝度補間部で生成した補間信号の比から前記同色補間部からの信号を補正する補間信号を出力する補正部と、
を有することを特徴とする撮像装置。 - 被写体を撮像する撮像装置であって、
複数の色フィルタを有する撮像素子と、
該撮像素子からの画像信号のうち同色画素を用いてレンズの歪補正後の補間信号を生成する同色補間部と、
該撮像素子からの画像信号から輝度信号を生成する輝度信号生成部と、
該輝度信号生成部で生成した輝度信号を用いてレンズの歪補正後の補間信号を生成する第1輝度補間部および第2輝度補間部と、
予め設定されたレンズ歪特性関数を基に画素毎にレンズ歪特性補正後の座標を演算するレンズ歪特性関数演算部と、
該レンズ歪特性関数演算部からの情報を基に、レンズ歪を補正するための補間係数を前記同色補間部と前記第1輝度補間部と前記第2輝度補間部の各々に対して個別に設定する座標・補間係数設定部と、
前記第1輝度補間部で生成した補間信号と前記第2輝度補間部で生成した補間信号の比から前記同色補間部からの信号を補正する補間信号を出力する補正部と、
を有することを特徴とする撮像装置。 - 請求項1に記載の撮像装置であって、
前記第1輝度補間部は、前記同色補間部による補間信号生成の際に用いた画素の位置と同じサンプリング位置にある輝度信号を用いて補間信号を生成し、
前記第2輝度補間部は、第1輝度補間部で補間信号を生成する際に用いた輝度信号とは一部またはすべて異なる輝度信号を用いて補間信号を生成することを特徴とする撮像装置。 - 請求項1に記載の撮像装置であって、
前記レンズ歪特性テーブルデータ部は撮像素子からの画素信号における各色に対応した歪データを個別に保持し、
前記同色補間部および前記第1輝度補間部および前記第2輝度補間部は、前記各色毎に個別に補間信号を生成することを特徴とする撮像装置。 - 請求項2に記載の撮像装置であって、
前記レンズ歪特性関数演算部は撮像素子からの画素信号における各色に対応した歪関数を個別に保持し、
前記同色補間部および前記第1輝度補間部および前記第2輝度補間部は、前記各色毎に個別に補間信号を生成することを特徴とする撮像装置。 - 請求項2に記載の撮像装置であって、
前記第1輝度補間部は、前記同色補間部による補間信号生成の際に用いた画素の位置と同じサンプリング位置にある輝度信号を用いて補間信号を生成し、
前記第2輝度補間部は、第1輝度補間部で補間信号を生成する際に用いた輝度信号とは一部またはすべて異なる輝度信号を用いて補間信号を生成することを特徴とする撮像装置。
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