WO2013125366A1 - 電力用スイッチング回路 - Google Patents
電力用スイッチング回路 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013125366A1 WO2013125366A1 PCT/JP2013/053000 JP2013053000W WO2013125366A1 WO 2013125366 A1 WO2013125366 A1 WO 2013125366A1 JP 2013053000 W JP2013053000 W JP 2013053000W WO 2013125366 A1 WO2013125366 A1 WO 2013125366A1
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- sense
- switching element
- overcurrent
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/02—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess current
- H02H9/025—Current limitation using field effect transistors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
- H02M1/088—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/08—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage
- H03K17/082—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage by feedback from the output to the control circuit
- H03K17/0822—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage by feedback from the output to the control circuit in field-effect transistor switches
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
- H02M1/0009—Devices or circuits for detecting current in a converter
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K2217/00—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00
- H03K2217/0027—Measuring means of, e.g. currents through or voltages across the switch
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power switching circuit for protecting a diode connected in parallel to a switching element in a power semiconductor element when an overcurrent flows in the power semiconductor element having a sense switching element. is there.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a protection circuit for overcurrent protection of an inverter device.
- the gate voltage control circuit is activated when an overcurrent flows, and the output interruption signal is prevented from suddenly interrupting the current during the operation. All switching elements are turned off during the overcurrent protection operation.
- Patent Document 2 when driving an inductive load, the switching element is turned on in a reflux mode in which a current flows in a direction opposite to the forward direction of the switching element, and a voltage drop in the switching element is reduced as much as possible.
- a synchronous rectification method is described. Further, it is described that in this synchronous rectification method, the dead time can be shortened to the minimum, thereby reducing the free wheel diode.
- the power semiconductor element may be destroyed when an overcurrent exceeding a certain current flows, and a protection function from overcurrent is required.
- an overcurrent protection function there is generally known a system that has a main switching element through which a main current flows and a sense switching element that shunts a part of the main current, detects the current flowing through the sense switching element, and interrupts the current.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a method in which a main transistor that is a main switching element and a gate of a sense transistor that is a sense switching element are independent.
- a common gate is used. Etc. are also described.
- Patent Document 1 when all switching elements are turned off at the time of overcurrent, overcurrent flows only in a diode connected in parallel with the switching element, and the diode may be deteriorated. Further, when using the synchronous rectification method as shown in Patent Document 2, especially when the free wheel diode is reduced and the current is passed through the body diode, the overcurrent withstand capability of the diode connected in parallel with the switching element is reduced. If it is low, there is a possibility of deterioration of the diode, or in the worst case, destruction. Furthermore, Patent Document 3 discloses a method in which overcurrent is detected by a current flowing through a sense transistor and the current is cut off. However, when an inductive load is used, the overcurrent flows through the diode after the cut-off.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems. Even when an overcurrent occurs, the present invention suppresses the current flowing through the diode connected in parallel with the switching element, and in particular, a diode caused by an overcurrent. It aims at obtaining the switching circuit for electric power which can be protected from deterioration and destruction of the.
- the present invention relates to a power semiconductor device including a main switching element having a main body diode connected in parallel, a sense switching element having a sense body diode connected in parallel, and a parallel arrangement of the sense switching element and the sense body diode.
- a reverse overcurrent detection circuit for detecting an overcurrent flowing in the reverse direction of the current flowing through the body, and a control circuit for driving the gate of the power semiconductor element, the reverse overcurrent detection circuit being reverse When the direction overcurrent is detected, the main switching element and the sense switching element are controlled to be turned on.
- the main switching element when a reverse overcurrent is detected, the main switching element is turned on. Therefore, the reverse overcurrent flows in a divided manner between the main switching element and the body diode, and the body diode is protected from the reverse overcurrent. can do.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing a power switching circuit according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows an example of the power converter device which applies the switching circuit for electric power by this invention. It is a time chart explaining operation
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing a power switching circuit according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- a power switching circuit 100 using a MOSFET as a power semiconductor element will be described as an example.
- the power semiconductor element 10 in the power switching circuit 100 includes a main MOSFET 1 as a main switching element, a main body diode 3 connected in parallel to the main MOSFET 1, a sense MOSFET 2 as a sense switching element, and the sense MOSFET 2.
- a sense body diode 4 connected in parallel is provided.
- the power switching circuit 100 includes a control circuit 5 that controls the on / off operation of the main MOSFET 1 and the sense MOSFET 2.
- the power switching circuit 100 inputs a voltage drop due to the current flowing through the sense resistor 6, and reverses the forward direction of the MOSFET indicated by the arrows of the main MOSFET 1 and the sense MOSFET 2 (hereinafter referred to as the forward direction).
- a reverse overcurrent detection circuit 7 for detecting an overcurrent flowing in the direction is provided.
- the main MOSFET 1 is composed of a larger number of MOSFET cells than the sense MOSFET 2, and the ratio is, for example, thousands to tens of thousands to one. Therefore, the current flowing through the switching element is divided and flows to the main MOSFET 1 and the sense MOSFET 2 according to the ratio.
- the current flowing in the sense MOSFET 2 can be detected by the voltage drop of the sense resistor 6 connected in series to the sense MOSFET 2, and the main current can be detected from the shunt ratio according to the sense cell ratio.
- main MOSFET 1 and the sense MOSFET 2 include the main body diode 3 and the sense body diode 4, respectively, the currents flowing through these body diodes when the main MOSFET 1 and the sense MOSFET 2 are in the off state, that is, the reverse current can be detected. it can.
- the reverse overcurrent detection circuit 7 detects whether or not an overcurrent flows in the reverse direction based on a voltage drop of the sense resistor 6, and can be constituted by a general comparison circuit. For example, it can be configured by a comparator or the like that compares the reference voltage for setting the overcurrent detection level with the voltage of the sense resistor.
- the sense resistor is used to convert the current flowing through the sense body diode into a voltage, but it is sufficient that the current flowing through the sense body diode can be detected.
- a circuit using an imaginary short of an operational amplifier may be used.
- FIG. 2 shows a three-phase inverter using six power switching circuits 100 shown in FIG. 1, that is, power switching circuits (hereinafter referred to as arms) 100a, 100b, 100c, 100d, 100e, and 100f.
- This is an example of a power converter that converts direct current from the direct current power source 9 into alternating current and supplies current to the inductive load 8.
- an overcurrent flows in the forward direction of the switching element of the single arm 100a, and the switching element in which the overcurrent flows is turned off for protection, and the overcurrent is cut off.
- an overcurrent flows through the diode of the reverse arm 100b after the interruption.
- the overcurrent withstand capability of the diode is low, the diode may be deteriorated or in the worst case, it may be destroyed. Therefore, it is necessary to protect the diode.
- 2 is shown as an example of a power conversion device to which the present invention is applied, and the present invention can also be applied to circuits other than the inverter, such as a converter and a chopper.
- the reverse overcurrent detection circuit 7 can detect the overcurrent, and the detection signal is controlled. Input to the circuit 5, the control circuit 5 turns on the main MOSFET 1 and the sense MOSFET 2. When these switching elements are turned on, the overcurrent flows through the main MOSFET 1, the sense MOSFET 2, the main body diode 3, and the sense body diode 4.
- the reverse overcurrent detection circuit 7 stops detecting the reverse overcurrent, and the control circuit 5 turns off the switching element, thereby interrupting the current without flowing in the forward direction again. be able to.
- the reverse overcurrent detection circuit 7 may be provided with hysteresis so that the level at which the reverse overcurrent detection is stopped is set lower than the level at which the reverse overcurrent is detected.
- FIG. 3 is a time chart for explaining the operation of the arm 100a of the upper arm and the arm 100b of the lower arm connected to the same output terminal as the arm 100a.
- the reference numerals of FIG. 1 are added to the reference numerals of the constituent elements of the arm 100a, and b is added to the reference numerals of the constituent elements of the arm 100b.
- the control circuit of the arm 100a is expressed as a control circuit 5a.
- the input signals of the arm 100a and the arm 100b shown in FIG. 3 are on / off signals in a normal operation state, and are input to the input terminal 50a of the control circuit 5a and the input terminal 50b of the control circuit 5b.
- the control circuit 5a and the control circuit 5b control ON / OFF of the MOSFETs that are the respective switching elements according to these input signals.
- MOSFETs 1a and 2a of arm 100a are turned on, and a current flows.
- MOSFETs 1a and 2a of arm 100a are turned off at time t2, the current of arm 100a becomes 0, and the current flows through body diodes 3b and 4b of arm 100b of the lower arm.
- the control circuit 5b of the arm 100b turns on the MOSFETs 1b and 2b of the arm 100b at the same time as current starts to flow through the body diodes 3b and 4b.
- the MOSFETs 1b and 2b of the arm 100b are turned on after a slight dead time so that the MOSFETs 1a and 2a of the arm 100a and the MOSFETs 1b and 2b of the arm 100b are not turned on at the same time. .
- the diode current during the dead time period is larger than that when the MOSFET is not turned on, but is ignored in FIG. 3 because the time is short.
- the on / off operations of the MOSFETs 1a and 2a of the arm 100a and the MOSFETs 1b and 2b of the arm 100b are repeated as described above.
- the control circuit 5a forcibly turns off the MOSFET at time t4 in order to protect the MOSFETs 1a and 2a of the arm 100a.
- the detection of overcurrent may be detected by the output current of the inverter in addition to the detection by the forward overcurrent detection circuit as in the third embodiment or the fourth embodiment described later.
- the input signal of the arm 100a remains on even when an overcurrent is detected, but a signal for detecting an overcurrent by an external circuit and turning it off may be input.
- FIG. 3 shows the current flowing through the sense resistor 6b of the arm 100b, that is, the sense current, as the sense current of the arm 100b.
- the reverse overcurrent detection circuit 7b detects that the reverse overcurrent has flowed through the body diodes 3b and 4b, and the detection signal is output from the arm 100b.
- the control circuit 5b of the arm 100b turns on the MOSFETs 1b and 2b of the arm 100b regardless of the input signal of the arm 100b.
- the time t5 when the MOSFETs 1b and 2b are turned on is not simultaneous from the time t4 when the overcurrent is detected, but it is a very short time, for example, about several hundred ns to several ⁇ s. Since the MOSFETs 1b and 2b can be turned on with the time lag, the body diodes 3b and 4b are protected.
- the MOSFETs 1b and 2b of the arm 100b When the MOSFETs 1b and 2b of the arm 100b are turned on, as shown by the diode current of the arm 100b and the MOSFET current of the arm 100b shown in FIG. 3, the current is shunted to both the body diode and the MOSFET. The body diode can be protected. Thereafter, the MOSFETs 1b and 2b of the arm 100b are turned off at a time point t6 when the absolute value of the sense current is attenuated to become smaller than Ith2. By turning off the MOSFETs 1b and 2b, the current can be cut off without the current flowing again in the forward direction.
- the switching element may be formed of a wide band gap semiconductor having a band gap larger than that of silicon, in addition to the switching element formed of silicon.
- the wide band gap semiconductor include silicon carbide (SiC), a gallium nitride material, and diamond.
- the present invention is effective when the overcurrent resistance of the body diode of the switching element is low.
- FIG. FIG. 4 shows a circuit diagram of a power switching circuit according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the power switching circuit 100 includes a freewheel diode 20 connected in parallel with the main MOSFET 1 and the main body diode 3.
- the freewheel diode 20 When the freewheel diode 20 is used, the current flows in a divided manner to the main body diode 3, the sense body diode 4, and the freewheel diode 20, so that there is a merit that the entire loss can be reduced. Further, when applied to a synchronous rectification circuit, the current also flows in parallel with the main MOSFET 1, so that the freewheel diode 20 can be downsized.
- the reverse overcurrent flows in a divided manner to the freewheel diode 20, the main body diode 3, and the sense body diode 4. Therefore, since the current flowing through sense body diode 4 is smaller than that in the first embodiment, the level for detecting the reverse overcurrent may be set lower than that in the first embodiment. Also in the second embodiment, protection is possible from reverse overcurrent, and the freewheel diode and the body diode can be protected from deterioration and destruction.
- the freewheel diode 20 may be formed of a wide band gap semiconductor having a band gap larger than that of silicon, in addition to the one formed of silicon.
- the wide band gap semiconductor include silicon carbide, a gallium nitride-based material, and diamond.
- the withstand voltage of the Schottky barrier diode is increased, and the application to the high voltage region is possible.
- the effect of the present invention is particularly great because the on-voltage during overcurrent is high.
- FIG. 5 shows a circuit diagram of a power switching circuit according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- the power switching circuit 100 includes a forward overcurrent detection circuit 11 in addition to the first embodiment.
- the forward overcurrent detection circuit 11 detects whether or not forward overcurrent flows from the voltage drop of the sense resistor 6, and compares, for example, a reference voltage for setting an overcurrent detection level with the voltage of the sense resistor. Comparator etc.
- the forward overcurrent detection circuit 11 detects the overcurrent, and the control circuit 5 turns off the main MOSFET 1 and the sense MOSFET 2.
- the off speed may be slower than the off speed during normal operation.
- the forward overcurrent detection circuit 11 may be provided in a circuit in which the freewheel diode 20 is provided in parallel as shown in FIG.
- the freewheel diode 20 is provided in parallel as shown in FIG.
- only one sense MOSFET and sense body diode may be used. Simplified.
- FIG. 7 shows a circuit diagram of a power switching circuit according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- reverse overcurrent is detected by sense MOSFET 2, sense body diode 4, and sense resistor 6, and forward overcurrent is detected by sense MOSFET 12, sense body diode 13, and sense resistor 14. Is going.
- separate sense MOSFETs and sense body diodes are used for forward overcurrent detection and reverse overcurrent detection.
- the sense switching element is constituted by a plurality of chips
- the forward overcurrent and the reverse overcurrent may be detected using separate chips.
- chips having the same structure may be used for forward overcurrent detection and reverse overcurrent detection, or different structures, for example, cells having different cell ratios may be used.
- the forward overcurrent detection circuit 11 may be provided in a circuit in which the free wheel diode 20 is provided in parallel also in the fourth embodiment.
- the forward overcurrent and the reverse overcurrent are detected by separate sense MOSFETs and sense diodes. Settings can be made individually, making settings easier.
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Abstract
Description
図1は本発明の実施の形態1による電力用スイッチング回路を示す回路図である。ここでは、電力用半導体素子としてMOSFETを用いた電力用スイッチング回路100を例として説明する。電力用スイッチング回路100における電力用半導体素子10は、メインスイッチング素子としてのメインMOSFET1と、このメインMOSFET1に並列に接続されたメインボディダイオード3、およびセンススイッチング素子としてのセンスMOSFET2と、このセンスMOSFET2に並列に接続されたセンスボディダイオード4を備えている。電力用スイッチング回路100は、メインMOSFET1、センスMOSFET2のオン、オフ動作を制御する制御回路5を備えている。さらに、電力用スイッチング回路100は、センス抵抗6に流れる電流による電圧降下を入力して、メインMOSFET1、センスMOSFET2の、矢印で示すMOSFETの順方向(以下順方向とする)とは逆の、逆方向に流れる過電流を検出する逆方向過電流検出回路7を備えている。
図4に本発明の実施の形態2による電力用スイッチング回路の回路図を示す。実施の形態2では、実施の形態1の図1の回路に加え、電力用スイッチング回路100は、フリーホイールダイオード20がメインMOSFET1、メインボディダイオード3と並列に接続されている。フリーホイールダイオード20を用いる場合には電流はメインボディダイオード3、センスボディダイオード4、およびフリーホイールダイオード20に分流して流れるため、全体の損失を小さくできる等のメリットがある。また、同期整流の回路に適用した場合、電流はメインMOSFET1にも並列に流れるため、フリーホイールダイオード20の小型化も可能となる。
図5に本発明の実施の形態3による電力用スイッチング回路の回路図を示す。本実施の形態3では、電力用スイッチング回路100は、実施の形態1に加え順方向過電流検出回路11を備えている。順方向過電流検出回路11はセンス抵抗6の電圧降下より、順方向の過電流が流れているか否かを検出するもので、例えば過電流検知レベルを設定する基準電圧とセンス抵抗の電圧を比較するコンパレータ等で構成される。メインMOSFET1、センスMOSFET2の順方向に過電流が流れた場合、順方向過電流検出回路11が過電流を検出し、制御回路5がメインMOSFET1、センスMOSFET2をオフする。オフする速度は正常動作時のオフの速度よりも遅い速度であっても良い。
図7に本発明の実施の形態4による電力用スイッチング回路の回路図を示す。本実施の形態4では逆方向過電流の検出は、センスMOSFET2、センスボディダイオード4、およびセンス抵抗6によって行い、順方向過電流の検出は、センスMOSFET12、センスボディダイオード13、およびセンス抵抗14によって行っている。このように、順方向過電流の検出と逆方向過電流の検出に別々のセンスMOSFET、センスボディダイオードを用いている。このように、センススイッチング素子が複数のチップで構成される場合には、順方向過電流と逆方向過電流とを別々のチップを用いて検出する構成としても良い。また、その場合、順方向過電流検出と逆方向過電流検出とで同一構造のチップを用いても良いし、別構造、例えばセル比が異なるものを用いても良い。
2、12:センスMOSFET(センススイッチング素子)
3:メインボディダイオード 4、13:センスボディダイオード
5:制御回路 6、14:センス抵抗
7:逆方向過電流検出回路 10:電力用半導体素子
11:順方向過電流検出回路 20:フリーホイールダイオード
100、100a、100b、100c、100d、100e、100f:電力用スイッチング回路
Claims (8)
- 並列にメインボディダイオードが接続されたメインスイッチング素子と、並列にセンスボディダイオードが接続されたセンススイッチング素子とを備えた電力用半導体素子と、前記センススイッチング素子と前記センスボディダイオードとの並列体に流れる電流のうち逆方向に流れる過電流を検出する逆方向過電流検出回路と、前記電力用半導体素子のゲートを駆動する制御回路とを備え、この制御回路は前記逆方向過電流検出回路が逆方向過電流を検出した場合に、前記メインスイッチング素子および前記センススイッチング素子をオンするように制御することを特徴とする電力用スイッチング回路。
- 前記メインスイッチング素子と並列にフリーホイールダイオードが接続されたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電力用スイッチング回路。
- 前記制御回路は、前記メインスイッチング素子および前記センススイッチング素子をオンする制御後、前記逆方向過電流検出回路が、逆方向過電流が所定の値以下に減衰したことを検知した信号を受けて、前記メインスイッチング素子および前記センススイッチング素子をオフすることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電力用スイッチング回路。
- 前記センススイッチング素子と前記センスボディダイオードとの並列体に流れる電流のうち順方向に流れる過電流を検出する順方向過電流検出回路を備えたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電力用スイッチング回路。
- 前記逆方向過電流検出回路に接続される、前記センススイッチング素子と前記センスボディダイオードとの並列体と、前記順方向過電流検出回路に接続される、前記センススイッチング素子と前記センスボディダイオードとの並列体とは、別の並列体であることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の電力用スイッチング回路。
- 前記電力用半導体素子の少なくとも一部が珪素よりバンドギャップが大きいワイドバンドギャップ半導体により形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の電力用スイッチング回路。
- 前記フリーホイールダイオードが珪素よりバンドギャップが大きいワイドバンドギャップ半導体により形成されていることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の電力用スイッチング回路。
- 前記ワイドバンドギャップ半導体は、炭化珪素、窒化ガリウム系材料、ダイヤモンドのいずれかの半導体であることを特徴とする請求項6または請求項7に記載の電力用スイッチング回路。
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2014500648A JP5717915B2 (ja) | 2012-02-24 | 2013-02-08 | 電力用スイッチング回路 |
DE112013001123.9T DE112013001123B4 (de) | 2012-02-24 | 2013-02-08 | Leistungsschaltung |
CN201380005896.6A CN104205591B (zh) | 2012-02-24 | 2013-02-08 | 功率用开关电路 |
US14/364,092 US9281680B2 (en) | 2012-02-24 | 2013-02-08 | Power switching circuit |
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JP2012038118 | 2012-02-24 | ||
JP2012-038118 | 2012-02-24 |
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WO2013125366A1 true WO2013125366A1 (ja) | 2013-08-29 |
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PCT/JP2013/053000 WO2013125366A1 (ja) | 2012-02-24 | 2013-02-08 | 電力用スイッチング回路 |
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US (1) | US9281680B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5717915B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN104205591B (ja) |
DE (1) | DE112013001123B4 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2013125366A1 (ja) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2016021652A (ja) * | 2014-07-14 | 2016-02-04 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 半導体装置及び電力変換装置 |
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Also Published As
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US9281680B2 (en) | 2016-03-08 |
DE112013001123T5 (de) | 2014-11-06 |
CN104205591A (zh) | 2014-12-10 |
JPWO2013125366A1 (ja) | 2015-07-30 |
US20140321012A1 (en) | 2014-10-30 |
CN104205591B (zh) | 2016-10-26 |
DE112013001123B4 (de) | 2023-12-21 |
JP5717915B2 (ja) | 2015-05-13 |
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