WO2013115041A1 - 非水電解液およびそれを用いた二次電池 - Google Patents
非水電解液およびそれを用いた二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte solution for a secondary battery, and more particularly to a non-aqueous electrolyte solution suitably used for a lithium ion secondary battery using a negative electrode containing silicon.
- Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries such as lithium ion secondary batteries have already been put to practical use as batteries for notebook computers and mobile phones due to their advantages such as high energy density, low self-discharge, and excellent long-term reliability. Yes.
- electronic devices have been enhanced in functionality and used in electric vehicles, and development of lithium ion secondary batteries with higher energy density has been demanded.
- a chemical reaction or decomposition of the electrolyte layer may occur on the electrode surface of the positive electrode and / or the negative electrode.
- problems such as deterioration of storage characteristics of the battery at high temperature, deterioration of cycle characteristics of the secondary battery, and generation of gas due to decomposition products.
- a compound having a protective film generating function is added to the electrolytic solution contained in the electrolyte layer.
- a protective function that intentionally promotes the decomposition of the compound added to the electrolyte solution on the negative electrode active material surface during initial charging and prevents the decomposition of the new electrolyte layer.
- protective film forming additives include oxygen-containing aliphatic compounds having an alkynyl group (Patent Document 1), acetylenedicarboxylic acid ester (Patent Document 2), acetylenedicarboxylic acid diester, vinylene carbonate and propane sultone (Patent Document 3), LiBF 4 and acetylene dicarboxylic acid diester (Patent Document 4) are disclosed.
- Patent Document 5 discloses a secondary battery using a negative electrode active material containing silicon, and the negative electrode containing silicon has an advantage of having a high energy density.
- the capacity reduction associated with the charge / discharge cycle may be significantly increased.
- the secondary battery may swell when charged and discharged in a high temperature environment, resulting in a deterioration in cycle characteristics. It was.
- Patent Documents 1 to 4 attempts have been made to improve the cycle characteristics of the secondary battery by including an additive in the electrolytic solution.
- additives for graphite-based negative electrodes carbon-based negative electrodes
- alloy-based negative electrodes such as silicon and tin have not been made so much and stability is insufficient.
- the present invention is used in a secondary battery, in particular, a secondary battery using a negative electrode active material containing silicon, and a non-aqueous electrolyte for a secondary battery excellent in cycle characteristics in a high temperature environment and the same are used.
- An object is to provide a secondary battery.
- the present invention is a non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery in which the negative electrode active material contains silicon element,
- the non-aqueous electrolyte includes a non-aqueous solvent, an electrolyte salt dissolved in the non-aqueous solvent, and a conjugate represented by the following formula (1) at a ratio of 0.01 to 4 wt% in the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the present invention relates to a nonaqueous electrolytic solution containing a carbonyl compound.
- R 1 represents R 2a or —CO—R 2a , provided that R 2a has the meaning given for R 2 ;
- R 2 represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted acyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group, the following formula (2): -(R 21 O) n -R 22 (2) (Wherein R 21 represents alkylene having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R 22 represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and n represents an integer of 1 to 10) An oxyalkylene group represented by An unsubstituted alkoxy group, an alkoxy group having a substituent, a cycloalkyloxy group, an alkenyloxy group, an alkynyloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic oxy group, the
- the secondary battery using the negative electrode active material containing silicon it is possible to provide a secondary battery having excellent cycle characteristics such as swelling and capacity retention under a high temperature environment.
- the conjugated carbonyl compound represented by the general formula (1) is reduced on the negative electrode surface during the charging process to give a product as shown in the following scheme (I).
- the reductant is deposited on the negative electrode surface to form a coating (electrode protective film).
- the conjugated carbonyl compound represented by the general formula (1) of the present invention has a higher reactivity than the carbonate used as the electrolyte solution solvent, and first forms a film by reductive decomposition on the negative electrode surface. The excessive decomposition of the solvent can be suppressed.
- the formed product represented by the following scheme has high lithium ion conductivity, it does not cause a decrease in charge / discharge rate (decrease in charge / discharge rate characteristics).
- the film formed of the conjugated carbonyl compound represented by the general formula (1) partially forms a polymer (organic polymer), a strong film is formed.
- the present invention has found that the coating formed by the conjugated ester compound represented by the general formula (1) has a high lithium ion conductivity and a strong composition that does not collapse with charge / discharge of the active material. It was made based on that.
- Negative electrode The negative electrode is formed, for example, by binding a negative electrode active material to a negative electrode current collector with a negative electrode binder.
- the negative electrode active material preferably contains silicon element.
- the negative electrode active material containing silicon element include silicon and silicon compounds.
- silicon include simple silicon.
- the silicon compound include silicon oxide, silicate, a compound of transition metal such as nickel silicide and cobalt silicide and silicon, and the like.
- the silicon compound has a role of relaxing expansion and contraction due to repeated charge / discharge of the negative electrode active material itself, and is preferably used from the viewpoint of charge / discharge cycle characteristics. Furthermore, depending on the type of silicon compound, it also has a role of ensuring conduction between silicons. From this point of view, silicon oxide is preferably used as the silicon compound.
- the silicon oxide is not particularly limited.
- a silicon oxide represented by SiO x (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2) may include Li, and a silicon oxide including Li may be, for example, SiLi. y O z (y> 0, 2>z> 0).
- the silicon oxide may contain a trace amount of a metal element or a nonmetal element.
- the silicon oxide can contain, for example, 0.1 to 5% by mass of one or more elements selected from nitrogen, boron and sulfur. By containing a trace amount of a metal element or a nonmetal element, the electrical conductivity of the silicon oxide can be improved. Further, the silicon oxide may be crystalline or amorphous.
- the negative electrode active material preferably contains a carbon material that can occlude and release lithium ions in addition to silicon or silicon oxide.
- the carbon material can also be contained in a composite state with silicon or silicon oxide. Similar to silicon oxide, the carbon material has the role of relaxing expansion and contraction due to repeated charge and discharge of the negative electrode active material itself and ensuring conduction between silicon as the negative electrode active material. Therefore, better cycle characteristics can be obtained by the coexistence of silicon, silicon oxide, and carbon material.
- the carbon material graphite, amorphous carbon, diamond-like carbon, carbon nanotube, or a composite thereof can be used.
- graphite with high crystallinity has high electrical conductivity, and is excellent in adhesiveness and voltage flatness with a positive electrode current collector made of a metal such as copper.
- amorphous carbon having low crystallinity has a relatively small volume expansion, it has a high effect of relaxing the volume expansion of the entire negative electrode, and deterioration due to non-uniformity such as crystal grain boundaries and defects hardly occurs.
- the content of the carbon material in the negative electrode active material is preferably 2% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less, and more preferably 2% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less.
- a method for producing a negative electrode active material containing silicon and a silicon compound when silicon oxide is used as the silicon compound, for example, a method of mixing simple silicon and silicon oxide and sintering under high temperature and reduced pressure Is mentioned. Further, when a compound of transition metal and silicon is used as the silicon compound, for example, a method of mixing and melting simple silicon and the transition metal, and a method of coating the transition metal on the surface of the simple silicon by vapor deposition or the like can be mentioned. .
- a method of introducing a mixed sintered product of simple silicon and silicon compound into a gas atmosphere of an organic compound in a high temperature non-oxygen atmosphere, or a mixed sintered product of single silicon and silicon oxide and carbon in a high temperature non-oxygen atmosphere By the method of mixing the precursor resins, a coating layer made of carbon can be formed around the cores of simple silicon and silicon oxide. Thereby, the suppression of volume expansion with respect to charging / discharging and the further improvement effect of cycling characteristics are acquired.
- the negative electrode active material is preferably a composite containing silicon, silicon oxide and a carbon material (hereinafter also referred to as Si / SiO / C composite). Furthermore, it is preferable that all or part of the silicon oxide has an amorphous structure.
- the silicon oxide having an amorphous structure can suppress the volume expansion of a carbon material or silicon which is another negative electrode active material. Although this mechanism is not clear, it is presumed that the formation of a film on the interface between the carbon material and the electrolytic solution has some influence due to the amorphous structure of silicon oxide.
- the amorphous structure is considered to have relatively few elements due to non-uniformity such as crystal grain boundaries and defects.
- silicon oxide has an amorphous structure. Specifically, when silicon oxide does not have an amorphous structure, a peak peculiar to silicon oxide is observed, but when all or part of silicon oxide has an amorphous structure, silicon oxide A unique peak is observed as a broad peak.
- the Si / SiO / C composite it is preferable that all or part of silicon is dispersed in silicon oxide.
- silicon oxide By dispersing at least a part of silicon in silicon oxide, volume expansion as a whole of the negative electrode can be further suppressed, and decomposition of the electrolytic solution can also be suppressed.
- all or part of silicon is dispersed in the silicon oxide because transmission electron microscope observation (general TEM observation) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurement (general EDX measurement). It can confirm by using together. Specifically, the cross section of the sample is observed, the oxygen concentration of the silicon portion dispersed in the silicon oxide is measured, and it can be confirmed that the sample is not an oxide.
- the Si / SiO / C composite for example, all or part of silicon oxide has an amorphous structure, and all or part of silicon is dispersed in silicon oxide.
- a Si / SiO / C composite can be produced, for example, by a method disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-47404. That is, the Si / SiO / C composite can be obtained, for example, by performing a CVD process on silicon oxide in an atmosphere containing an organic gas such as methane gas.
- the Si / SiO / C composite obtained by such a method has a form in which the surface of particles made of silicon oxide containing silicon is coated with carbon. Silicon is nanoclustered in silicon oxide.
- the ratio of silicon, silicon oxide and carbon material is not particularly limited.
- Silicon is preferably 5% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less, and more preferably 20% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less with respect to the Si / SiO / C composite.
- the silicon oxide is preferably 5% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less, and more preferably 40% by mass or more and 70% by mass or less with respect to the Si / SiO / C composite.
- the carbon material is preferably 2% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less, and more preferably 2% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less with respect to the Si / SiO / C composite.
- the Si / SiO / C composite may be a mixture of simple silicon, silicon oxide and carbon material, or may be prepared by mixing simple silicon, silicon oxide and carbon material by mechanical milling. it can.
- the Si / SiO / C composite can be obtained by mixing particulate silicon, silicon oxide and carbon materials.
- the average particle diameter of simple silicon can be made smaller than the average particle diameter of the carbon material and the average particle diameter of the silicon oxide. In this way, single silicon having a large volume change during charge / discharge has a relatively small particle size, and carbon materials and silicon oxides having a small volume change have a relatively large particle size. Is more effectively suppressed.
- the average particle size of the single silicon can be, for example, 20 ⁇ m or less, and is preferably 15 ⁇ m or less.
- the average particle diameter of silicon oxide is preferably 1/2 or less of the average particle diameter of the carbon material, and the average particle diameter of simple silicon is 1/2 or less of the average particle diameter of silicon oxide. preferable.
- the average particle diameter of the silicon oxide is 1/2 or less of the average particle diameter of the carbon material, and the average particle diameter of the simple silicon is 1/2 or less of the average particle diameter of the silicon oxide. .
- the average particle diameter of silicon oxide is 1 ⁇ 2 or less of the average particle diameter of graphite, and the average particle diameter of simple silicon is 1 ⁇ 2 or less of the average particle diameter of silicon oxide.
- the average particle diameter of the single silicon can be, for example, 20 ⁇ m or less, and is preferably 15 ⁇ m or less.
- the negative electrode active material a material obtained by treating the surface of the above-mentioned Si / SiO / C composite with a silane coupling agent may be used.
- the binder for the negative electrode is not particularly limited.
- polyvinylidene fluoride, vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, styrene-butadiene copolymer Rubber, polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyimide, polyamideimide and the like can be used.
- polyimide, polyamideimide, polyacrylic acid (including lithium salt, sodium salt and potassium salt neutralized with alkali), carboxymethylcellulose (lithium salt neutralized with alkali) due to its strong binding properties , Sodium salts and potassium salts) are preferred.
- the amount of the binder for the negative electrode to be used is preferably 5 to 25 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the negative electrode active material from the viewpoints of “sufficient binding force” and “high energy” which are in a trade-off relationship. .
- the positive electrode is formed, for example, by binding a positive electrode active material so as to cover the positive electrode current collector with a positive electrode binder.
- a positive electrode active material lithium manganate having a layered structure such as LiMnO 2 , Li x Mn 2 O 4 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2) or lithium manganate having a spinel structure; LiCoO 2 , LiNiO 2 or a transition metal thereof Lithium transition metal oxides in which a specific transition metal such as LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 does not exceed half the lithium transition metal oxides; In which Li is made excessive in comparison with the stoichiometric composition.
- a positive electrode active material can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- the same negative electrode binder can be used.
- polyvinylidene fluoride is preferable from the viewpoint of versatility and low cost.
- the amount of the positive electrode binder used is preferably 2 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the positive electrode active material from the viewpoints of “sufficient binding force” and “higher energy” which are in a trade-off relationship. .
- the positive electrode current collector the same as the negative electrode current collector can be used.
- a conductive auxiliary material may be added to the positive electrode active material layer containing the positive electrode active material for the purpose of reducing impedance.
- the conductive auxiliary material include carbonaceous fine particles such as graphite, carbon black, and acetylene black.
- the negative electrode current collector is also preferably subjected to a roughening treatment in advance, as with the positive electrode current collector.
- the shape of the current collector is also arbitrary, and examples thereof include a foil shape, a flat plate shape, and a mesh shape. Also, a perforated current collector such as expanded metal or punching metal can be used.
- the negative electrode can be produced by forming a negative electrode active material layer containing a negative electrode active material and a negative electrode binder on a negative electrode current collector.
- the method for forming the negative electrode active material layer include a doctor blade method, a die coater method, a CVD method, and a sputtering method.
- a thin film of aluminum, nickel, or an alloy thereof may be formed by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering to form a negative electrode current collector.
- Electrolytic Solution contains a conjugated carbonyl compound represented by the following formula (1).
- R 1 represents R 2a or —CO—R 2a , provided that R 2a has the meaning given for R 2 ;
- R 2 represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted acyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group, the following formula (2): -(R 21 O) n -R 22 (2) (Wherein R 21 represents alkylene having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R 22 represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and n represents an integer of 1 to 10) An oxyalkylene group represented by An unsubstituted alkoxy group, an alkoxy group having a substituent, a cycloalkyloxy group, an alkenyloxy group, an alkynyloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic oxy group,
- R 2 and R 2a have the meaning defined for formula (1).
- R 7 is a hydrocarbon group, preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or an aryl, alkylaryl or arylalkyl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms These groups may be substituted with CN or mono or poly substituted with F.
- R 2 or R 2a is an unsubstituted alkyl group, it may be linear or branched, preferably has 1 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, Examples include n-butyl, t-butyl, n-hexyl and the like.
- R 2 or R 2a is an alkyl group having a substituent, it preferably has 1 to 18 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, still more preferably 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and most preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms. It is.
- substituent —NR 11 R 12 , halogen and —CN are preferable.
- R 11 and R 12 are each independently H or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably at least one of R 11 and R 12 , more preferably both Is an alkyl group.
- the carbon number of R 11 and R 12 is not included in the carbon number of the alkyl group, but preferably includes the carbon number of R 11 and R 12 to be the above-described carbon number.
- Halogen includes fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine. Particularly preferred are fluorine, chlorine and bromine, more preferred is fluorine and chlorine, and particularly preferred is fluorine.
- the number of halogen substitutions is not limited, and the position of substitution is not particularly limited, but at least at the terminal of the alkyl group is preferably 1 substitution, preferably 2 or 3 substitution.
- the substitution position of —CN is not particularly limited, but is preferably substituted at the terminal of the alkyl group.
- alkyl group whose substituent is —NR 11 R 12, that is, an aminoalkyl group include, for example, N, N-diethylaminobutyl, N, N-diethylaminopropyl, N, N-diethylaminoethyl, N, N— Examples include diethylaminomethyl, N, N-dimethylaminobutyl, N, N-dimethylaminopropyl, N, N-dimethylaminoethyl, N, N-dimethylaminomethyl, N-methylaminomethyl and the like.
- alkyl group in which the substituent is halogen that is, a haloalkyl group
- a fluoroalkyl group for example, —CF 2 CF 3 , —CF 2 CF 2 H, —CFHCF 3 , —CH 2 CF 3 , —CHFCF 2 H, — CH 2 CF 2 H, —CH 2 CFH 2 , —CH 2 CH 2 CF 3 , —CH 2 CFHCF 3 , —CH 2 CF 2 CF 3 , —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CF 3 etc.
- chloroalkyl group examples thereof include chlorobutyl, chloropropyl, chloroethyl, chloromethyl), bromoalkyl groups (for example, bromobutyl, bromopropyl, bromoethyl, bromomethyl) and the like.
- alkyl group whose substituent is —CN, ie, a cyanoalkyl group examples include cyanoethyl, cyanopropyl, cyanobutyl, cyanopentyl, cyanohexyl and the like.
- R 2 and R 2a are cycloalkyl groups, those having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, particularly 3 to 6 carbon atoms are preferred, and specific examples include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and the like.
- R 2 or R 2a is an alkenyl group, it preferably has 2 to 12 carbon atoms, particularly 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include vinyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, 2-butenyl and the like.
- R 2 or R 2a is an alkynyl group, it preferably has 2 to 12 carbon atoms, particularly 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include acetylenyl, 1-propynyl, 2-propynyl and 2-butynyl.
- R 2 or R 2a is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group
- the aromatic group includes an aryl group, an arylalkyl group, and an alkylaryl group, and preferably has 6 to 18 carbon atoms, more preferably a carbon number. 6-12.
- the aromatic group may be unsubstituted or substituted, but preferably has a halogen such as —CN, fluorine and chlorine (particularly preferred is fluorine) on the aromatic ring as a substituent.
- phenyl, cyanophenyl, fluorophenyl, difluorophenyl, trifluorophenyl, cyanofluorophenyl, cyanodifluorophenyl; benzyl ( phenylmethyl group), cyanophenylmethyl, fluorophenylmethyl, difluorophenylmethyl, trifluoro Phenylmethyl, cyanofluorophenylmethyl, cyanodifluorophenylmethyl; 2-phenylethyl, cyano-2-phenylethyl, fluoro-2-phenylethyl, difluoro-2-phenylethyl, trifluoro-2-phenylethyl, cyanofluoro- Examples include 2-phenylethyl, cyanodifluoro-2-phenylethyl, and the like.
- the cyano group and fluorine can be substituted at any position on the phenyl ring.
- R 2 and R 2a represent the above formula (2): -(R 21 O) n -R 22 (2)
- R 22 is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably a linear alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms.
- R 21 is alkylene having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably ethylene or propylene, particularly preferably ethylene
- n is an integer of 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 4.
- the alkylene structure of R 21 may be bonded at any position such as propane-1,2-diyl, propane-1,3-diyl and the like.
- R 2 or R 2a is an unsubstituted alkoxy group, it may be linear or branched and preferably has 1 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy group, An isopropoxy group, n-butoxy group, t-butoxy group, n-hexoxy group and the like can be mentioned.
- R 1 represents —CO—R 2a in formula (1)
- R 2 and R 2a are the same and have 3 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 6 carbon atoms.
- a compound of formula (1) representing an unsubstituted alkoxy group of may be preferred.
- An alkoxy group having 7 to 12 carbon atoms is also preferable.
- R 2 and R 2a are an alkoxy group having a substituent
- the alkoxy group having a substituent is, when represented by —O—R 2b , R 2b is the above-mentioned “alkyl group having a substituent”.
- R 2b is the above-mentioned “alkyl group having a substituent”.
- the alkoxy group having a substituent preferably has 1 to 18 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, still more preferably 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and most preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- R 11 and R 12 are each independently H or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably at least one of R 11 and R 12 , more preferably both Is an alkyl group.
- the carbon number of R 11 and R 12 is not included in the carbon number of the alkyl group, but preferably includes the carbon number of R 11 and R 12 to be the above-described carbon number.
- Halogen includes fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine. Particularly preferred are fluorine, chlorine and bromine, more preferred is fluorine and chlorine, and particularly preferred is fluorine.
- the number of halogen substitutions is not limited, and the position of substitution is not particularly limited, but at least at the terminal of the alkyl group is preferably 1 substitution, preferably 2 or 3 substitution.
- the substitution position of —CN is not particularly limited, but is preferably substituted at the terminal of the alkyl group.
- alkoxy group in which the substituent is —NR 11 R 12 that is, an aminoalkoxy group
- an aminoalkoxy group include, for example, N, N-diethylaminobutoxy, N, N-diethylaminopropoxy, N, N-diethylaminoethoxy, N, N— Examples include diethylaminomethoxy, N, N-dimethylaminobutoxy, N, N-dimethylaminopropoxy, N, N-dimethylaminoethoxy, N, N-dimethylaminomethoxy and the like.
- alkoxy group in which the substituent is halogen that is, a haloalkoxy group
- a fluoroalkoxy group for example, —OCF 2 CF 3 , —OCF 2 CF 2 H, —OCHFCF 3 , —OCH 2 CF 3 , —OCHFCF 2 H, —OCH 2 CF 2 H, —OCH 2 CFH 2 , —OCH 2 CH 2 CF 3 , —OCH 2 CFHCF 3 , —OCH 2 CF 2 CF 3 , —OCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CF 3 etc.), chloroalkoxy group (For example, chlorobutoxy, chloropropoxy, chloroethoxy, chloromethoxy), bromoalkoxy groups (for example, bromobutoxy, bromopropoxy, bromoethoxy, bromomethoxy) and the like can be mentioned.
- alkoxy group whose substituent is —CN that is, a cyanoalkoxy group
- examples of the alkoxy group whose substituent is —CN include cyanoethoxy, cyanopropoxy, cyanobutoxy, cyanopentoxy, cyanohexoxy and the like.
- R 2 and R 2a are cycloalkyloxy groups, they preferably have 3 to 12 carbon atoms, particularly 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and specific examples include cyclopropyloxy, cyclobutyloxy, cyclopentyloxy, cyclohexyloxy and the like. it can.
- R 2 or R 2a is an alkenyloxy group, it preferably has 2 to 12 carbon atoms, particularly 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include vinyloxy, 1-propenyloxy, 2-propenyloxy and 2-butenyloxy.
- R 2 or R 2a is an alkynyloxy group, it preferably has 2 to 12 carbon atoms, particularly 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include acetylenyloxy, 1-propynyloxy, 2-propynyloxy, 2-butynyloxy and the like. Can do.
- R 2 or R 2a is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic oxy group
- this group includes an aryloxy group, an arylalkoxy group and an alkylaryloxy group, preferably 6 to 18 carbon atoms, more preferably It has 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
- the aromatic oxy group may be unsubstituted or substituted, but preferably has a halogen such as —CN, fluorine and chlorine (particularly preferred is fluorine) on the aromatic ring as a substituent.
- phenoxy, cyanophenoxy, fluorophenoxy, difluorophenoxy, trifluorophenoxy, cyanofluorophenoxy, cyanodifluorophenoxy; benzyloxy ( phenylmethoxy group), cyanophenylmethoxy, fluorophenylmethoxy, difluorophenylmethoxy, trifluoro Fluorophenylmethoxy, cyanofluorophenylmethoxy, cyanodifluorophenylmethoxy; 2-phenylethoxy, cyano-2-phenylethoxy, fluoro-2-phenylethoxy, difluoro-2-phenylethoxy, trifluoro-2-phenylethoxy, cyanofluoro Examples include -2-phenylethoxy and cyanodifluoro-2-phenylethoxy.
- the cyano group and fluorine can be substituted at any position on the phenyl ring.
- R 2 and R 2a represent the formula (2b): —O— (R 21 O) n —R 22 (2b)
- R 22 is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably a linear alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms.
- R 21 is alkylene having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably ethylene or propylene, particularly preferably ethylene
- n is an integer of 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 4.
- the alkylene structure of R 21 may be bonded at any position such as propane-1,2-diyl, propane-1,3-diyl and the like.
- the conjugated carbonyl compound of the formula (1) is preferably a compound represented by the formula (3), and in particular, R 2 and R 2a are unsubstituted alkoxy groups having 1 to 12 carbon atoms; From a fluoroalkoxy group, an aminoalkoxy group having a substituent —NR 11 R 12 (wherein R 11 and R 12 are each independently H or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms), and a cyanoalkoxy group An alkoxy group having a substituent selected from the group consisting of: A substituted or unsubstituted aromatic oxy group selected from the group consisting of an aryloxy group, an arylalkyloxy group and an alkylaryloxy group, which may have —CN or halogen on the aromatic ring as a substituent; or Following formula (2): —O— (R 21 O) n —R 22 (2) (Wherein R 21 represents alkylene having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R 22 represents a hydrocarbon group having
- this preferred compound is represented by the following formula (4):
- R 3 and R 4 are each an unsubstituted alkoxy group or an alkoxy group having a substituent, wherein R 3 O— and R 4 O— are each represented by the above preferred R 2a and R 2 Represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic oxy group or oxyalkyleneoxy group. More preferred of these groups are as described above for each group.
- Examples of the conjugated carbonyl compound used in the present invention include the following compounds.
- the conjugated carbonyl compound used in the present invention can be synthesized with reference to References 1 to 3, for example.
- Reference 1 Edited by Chemical Society of Japan, 4th edition, Laboratory Science Course 22, Organic Synthesis IV Acids, Amino Acids, Peptides 1 and 2 Esters, page 44, Maruzen Co., Ltd .
- Reference 2 E. H. Huntress, T. E. Lesslie, J. Bornstein, Organic Syntheis, 1963, 4, 329
- Reference 3 B. Neises, W. Steglich, Organic Synthesis, 1985, 63, 183
- An example of a synthetic route for a conjugated carbonyl compound is shown in the synthesis schemes of the following formulas (31a) and (31b).
- R 1 and R 2 represent the meanings as defined in formula (1)
- R 5 and R 6 represent R 5 O— and R 6 O— as R 2a and R 2 , respectively.
- R 5 and R 6 have the meaning defined by the formula (1).
- the acid any of a protonic acid and a Lewis acid can be used.
- mineral acids sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, etc.
- organic acids aromatic sulfonic acid, etc.
- Lewis acids boron fluoride etherate; BF 3 Et 2 O, etc.
- an acetylenedicarboxylic acid halide is synthesized using a halogenating agent such as thionyl chloride or oxalyl chloride, and the acetylenedicarboxylic acid halide is reacted with an alcohol. It can also be synthesized by the method.
- reaction rate may be increased by adding a reaction accelerator such as N, N-dimethylaminopyridine.
- the content of the conjugated carbonyl compound of the formula (1) in the electrolytic solution is, for example, 0.01 to 10% by mass, preferably 0.1% by mass or more, preferably 4% by mass or less. is there.
- the electrolyte used in the present embodiment includes a non-aqueous electrolyte that is stable at the operating potential of the battery.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte include propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), t-difluoroethylene carbonate (t-DFEC), butylene carbonate (BC), vinylene carbonate (VC) ), Cyclic carbonates such as vinyl ethylene carbonate (VEC); chain forms such as allyl methyl carbonate (AMC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), dipropyl carbonate (DPC) Carbonic acids; Propylene carbonate derivatives; Aliphatic carboxylic acid esters such as methyl formate, methyl acetate and ethyl propionate; Cyclic esters such as ⁇ -butyrolactone (GBL), etc.
- PC propylene carbonate
- EC
- a non-aqueous electrolyte can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- sulfur-containing cyclic compounds such as sulfolane, fluorinated sulfolane, propane sultone, propene sultone, and the like can be used.
- the electrolytic solution preferably further contains a fluorinated ether compound.
- the fluorinated ether compound has a high affinity with Si, and when added to the electrolytic solution, the cycle characteristics (particularly capacity retention rate) of the secondary battery are improved.
- the fluorinated ether compound is a fluorinated chain ether compound having a structure in which a part of hydrogen of the non-fluorinated chain ether compound is substituted with fluorine, and a part of hydrogen of the non-fluorinated cyclic ether compound is substituted with fluorine. It may be a fluorinated cyclic ether compound having a structure.
- Non-fluorinated chain ether compounds include, for example, dimethyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, diethyl ether, methyl propyl ether, ethyl propyl ether, dipropyl ether, methyl butyl ether, ethyl butyl ether, propyl butyl ether, dibutyl ether, methyl pentyl ether, ethyl Non-fluorinated chain monoether compounds such as pentyl ether, propyl pentyl ether, butyl pentyl ether, dipentyl ether; 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME), 1,2-diethoxyethane (DEE), ethoxymethoxyethane (EME) ), 1,2-dipropoxyethane, propoxyethoxyethane, propoxymethoxyethane, 1,2-dibutoxyethane, butoxypropoxyethane, butoxyethoxy Ethane,
- Non-fluorinated cyclic ether compounds include, for example, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, oxetane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, 3-methyltetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, 2-methyltetrahydropyran, 3-methyltetrahydropyran, 4-methyltetrahydropyran.
- Non-fluorinated cyclic monoether compounds such as 1,3-dioxolane, 2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane, 4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane, 1,4-dioxane, 2-methyl-1,4- Dioxane, 1,3-dioxane, 2-methyl-1,3-dioxane, 4-methyl-1,3-dioxane, 5-methyl-1,3-dioxane, 2,4-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane, Non-fluorinated rings such as 4-ethyl-1,3-dioxane Diether compounds.
- the fluorinated chain ether compound is preferably represented by the following formula (10).
- R a and R b each independently represent an alkyl group or a fluorine-substituted alkyl group, and at least one of R a and R b is a fluorine-substituted alkyl group.
- the alkyl group preferably has 1 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 8, more preferably 1 to 6, and more preferably 1 to 4. Particularly preferred.
- the alkyl group includes a linear, branched, or cyclic group, but is preferably a linear group.
- At least one of R a and R b is a fluorine-substituted alkyl group.
- the fluorine-substituted alkyl group represents a substituted alkyl group having a structure in which at least one hydrogen atom of the unsubstituted alkyl group is substituted with a fluorine atom.
- the fluorine-substituted alkyl group is preferably linear.
- R a and R b are each independently preferably a fluorine-substituted alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and more preferably a fluorine-substituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the fluorinated chain ether compound is more preferably represented by the following formula (11) from the viewpoint of stability.
- n 1, 2, 3 or 4
- X 1 to X 8 are each independently a fluorine atom or a hydrogen atom. However, at least one of X 1 to X 4 is a fluorine atom, and at least one of X 5 to X 8 is a fluorine atom.
- X 1 to X 4 may be independent for each n.
- the atomic ratio of fluorine atoms to hydrogen atoms is preferably 1 or more. That is, it is preferable that (total number of fluorine atoms) / (total number of hydrogen atoms) ⁇ 1.
- the fluorinated chain ether compound is more preferably represented by the following formula (4) from the viewpoint of stability.
- n 1 or 2.
- chain fluorinated ether compound examples include CF 3 OCH 3 , CF 3 OC 2 H 6 , F (CF 2 ) 2 OCH 3 , F (CF 2 ) 2 OC 2 H 5 , and F (CF 2 ) 3 OCH.
- the content of the fluorinated chain ether compound in the electrolytic solution is, for example, 1 to 70% by mass.
- the content of the fluorinated chain ether compound in the electrolytic solution is preferably 2 to 60% by mass, more preferably 3 to 55% by mass, and further preferably 4 to 50% by mass. preferable.
- strand-shaped ether compound is 50 mass% or less, dissociation of Li ion in a support salt occurs easily and the electroconductivity of electrolyte solution is improved.
- strand-shaped ether compound is 1 mass% or more, it is thought that it becomes easy to suppress reductive decomposition on the negative electrode of electrolyte solution.
- the supporting salt contained in the electrolytic solution is not particularly limited to, LiPF 6, LiAsF 6, LiAlCl 4, LiClO 4, LiBF 4, LiSbF 6, LiCF 3 SO 3, LiC 4
- lithium salts such as F 9 SO 3 , Li (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , and LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 .
- the supporting salt can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the separator is not particularly limited, and a porous film such as polypropylene or polyethylene or a nonwoven fabric can be used. Moreover, what laminated
- Exterior Body Although the exterior body is not particularly limited, for example, a laminate film can be used.
- the laminate film can be appropriately selected as long as it is stable to the electrolytic solution and has a sufficient water vapor barrier property.
- As the laminate film for example, a laminate film made of polypropylene, polyethylene or the like coated with aluminum, silica, or alumina can be used as the outer package.
- an aluminum laminate film is preferable from the viewpoint of suppressing volume expansion.
- the distortion of the electrode element becomes very large when gas is generated, compared to a secondary battery using a metal can as the exterior body. This is because the laminate film is more easily deformed by the internal pressure of the secondary battery than the metal can. Furthermore, when sealing a secondary battery using a laminate film as an exterior body, the internal pressure of the battery is usually lower than the atmospheric pressure, so there is no extra space inside, and if gas is generated, it is immediately It may lead to battery volume changes and electrode element deformation.
- the secondary battery according to this embodiment can overcome the above problem. As a result, it is possible to provide a laminate-type lithium ion secondary battery that is inexpensive and has excellent flexibility in designing the cell capacity by changing the number of layers.
- a structure in which a metal thin film layer and a heat-fusible resin layer are laminated can be mentioned.
- a protective layer made of a film of polyester such as polyethylene terephthalate or nylon is further laminated on the surface of the metal thin film layer opposite to the heat fusion resin layer. The structure which was made is mentioned.
- the battery element is surrounded with the heat-fusible resin layer facing each other.
- the metal thin film layer for example, a foil of Al, Ti, Ti alloy, Fe, stainless steel, Mg alloy or the like having a thickness of 10 to 100 ⁇ m is used.
- the resin used for the heat-fusible resin layer is not particularly limited as long as it can be heat-sealed.
- An ionomer resin bonded between molecules is used as the heat-fusible resin layer.
- the thickness of the heat-fusible resin layer is preferably 10 to 200 ⁇ m, more preferably 30 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the configuration of the secondary battery is not particularly limited.
- a laminated laminate type in which an electrode element in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode are arranged to face each other and an electrolytic solution are included in an outer package. It can be.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a structure of an electrode element included in a laminated laminate type secondary battery.
- This electrode element is formed by alternately stacking a plurality of positive electrodes c and a plurality of negative electrodes a having a planar structure with a separator b interposed therebetween.
- the positive electrode current collector e of each positive electrode c is welded to and electrically connected to each other at an end portion not covered with the positive electrode active material, and a positive electrode terminal f is welded to the welded portion.
- a negative electrode current collector d of each negative electrode a is welded and electrically connected to each other at an end portion not covered with the negative electrode active material, and a negative electrode terminal g is welded to the welded portion.
- the electrode element having such a planar laminated structure does not have a portion with a small R (a region close to the winding core of the wound structure), the electrode element associated with charge / discharge is compared with an electrode element having a wound structure.
- an electrode element having a wound structure since the electrode is curved, the structure is easily distorted when a volume change occurs.
- a negative electrode active material having a large volume change due to charge / discharge such as silicon oxide
- a secondary battery using an electrode element having a wound structure has a large capacity reduction due to charge / discharge.
- the electrode element having a planar laminated structure has a problem that when the gas is generated between the electrodes, the generated gas tends to stay between the electrodes. This is because, in the case of an electrode element having a wound structure, the distance between the electrodes is difficult to widen because tension is applied to the electrodes, whereas in the case of an electrode element having a laminated structure, the distance between the electrodes is widened. This is because it is easy. This problem is particularly noticeable when the outer package is an aluminum laminate film.
- the conjugated carbonyl compound represented by the general formula (1) in the electrolytic solution, the above problem can be solved, and a laminated laminate type lithium ion using a high energy type negative electrode. Even in the secondary battery, long-life driving is possible.
- the secondary battery according to one embodiment of the present invention includes a laminated laminate type two battery having an electrode element in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode are arranged to face each other, an electrolytic solution, and an outer package containing the electrode element and the electrolytic solution.
- the negative electrode includes a negative electrode active material including at least one of a metal (a) capable of being alloyed with lithium and a metal oxide (b) capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions, and a negative electrode binder. It is bound to the negative electrode current collector by an adhesive, and the electrolytic solution contains a conjugated carbonyl compound represented by the general formula. However, the conjugated carbonyl compound represented by the general formula (1) is also effective in a secondary battery using an electrode element having a wound structure.
- Example 1 A simple silicon having an average particle diameter of 5 ⁇ m as silicon and graphite having an average particle diameter of 30 ⁇ m as a carbon material are weighed at a mass ratio of 90:10 and mixed by so-called mechanical milling for 24 hours to obtain a negative electrode active material. Obtained.
- 3 layers of the obtained positive electrode and 4 layers of the negative electrode were alternately stacked while sandwiching a polypropylene porous film as a separator.
- the ends of the positive electrode current collector that is not covered with the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode current collector that is not covered with the negative electrode active material are welded, and the positive electrode terminal made of aluminum and the negative electrode terminal made of nickel are further welded to the welded portions. Were respectively welded to obtain an electrode element having a planar laminated structure.
- the conjugated carbonyl compound-containing compound was mixed at 2% by mass to obtain an electrolytic solution.
- the electrode element was wrapped with an aluminum laminate film as an outer package, the electrolyte was poured into the interior, and then sealed while reducing the pressure to 0.1 atm to produce a secondary battery.
- Example 2 to 13 As the conjugated carbonyl compounds, the above formulas (102), (104), (105), (106), (109), (110), (111), (115), (116), (118), (120), respectively.
- a secondary battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the compound represented by (122) was used.
- Example 14 A secondary battery was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that polyamideimide (PAI, manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., trade name: Pyromax (registered trademark)) was used instead of polyimide as a negative electrode binder. Produced.
- PAI polyamideimide
- Pyromax registered trademark
- Example 15 to 26 As the conjugated carbonyl compounds, the above formulas (102), (104), (105), (106), (109), (110), (111), (115), (116), (118), (120), respectively.
- a secondary battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 14 except that the compound represented by (122) was used.
- Example 27 A single silicon having an average particle diameter of 5 ⁇ m as silicon, an amorphous silicon oxide (SiO x , 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2) having an average particle diameter of 13 ⁇ m as a silicon compound, and graphite having an average particle diameter of 30 ⁇ m as a carbon material. , 29:61:10, and they were mixed by so-called mechanical milling for 24 hours to obtain a negative electrode active material composed of a Si / SiO / C composite. In this negative electrode active material, simple silicon was dispersed in silicon oxide (SiO x , 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2).
- a secondary battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 40 A secondary battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 27 except that polyamideimide (PAI, manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., trade name: Pyromax (registered trademark)) was used instead of polyimide as the binder for the negative electrode. Produced.
- PAI polyamideimide
- Pyromax registered trademark
- Example 41 to 52 As the conjugated carbonyl compounds, the above formulas (102), (104), (105), (106), (109), (110), (111), (115), (116), (118), (120), respectively.
- a secondary battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 40 except that the compound represented by (122) was used.
- a secondary battery was fabricated in the same manner as described above.
- a secondary battery was fabricated in the same manner as described above.
- a secondary battery was fabricated in the same manner as described above.
- a secondary battery was fabricated in the same manner as described above.
- the secondary battery was subjected to a test in which charging / discharging was repeated 50 times in a voltage range of 2.5 V to 4.1 V in a thermostat kept at 60 ° C. Then, (discharge capacity at the 50th cycle) / (discharge capacity at the 5th cycle) (unit:%) was calculated as the maintenance rate. Further, (battery volume at the 50th cycle) / (battery volume before the cycle) (unit:%) was calculated as the swelling rate. The results are shown in Tables 1 to 3.
- the maintenance rate was determined to be “ ⁇ ”at 75% or more,“ ⁇ ”at 50% to less than 75%,“ ⁇ ”at 25% to less than 50%, and“ X ”at less than 25%.
- the swelling rate was judged as “ ⁇ ” when less than 4%, “ ⁇ ” when 4% or more but less than 10%, “ ⁇ ” when 10% or more but less than 20%, and “x” when 20% or more.
- the conjugated carbonyl compound can be synthesized, for example, as follows. (Synthesis Example 1) According to the synthesis scheme (13) shown below, a conjugated carbonyl compound represented by the above formula (110) was synthesized.
- This embodiment can be used in, for example, all industrial fields that require a power source and industrial fields related to the transport, storage, and supply of electrical energy.
- power supplies for mobile devices such as mobile phones and notebook computers
- power supplies for transportation and transportation media such as trains, satellites, and submarines, including electric vehicles such as electric cars, hybrid cars, electric bikes, and electric assist bicycles
- a backup power source such as a UPS
- a power storage facility for storing power generated by solar power generation, wind power generation, etc .
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Abstract
Description
前記非水電解液は、非水溶媒、前記非水溶媒中に溶解されている電解質塩、および前記非水電解液中に0.01~4wt%の割合で下記式(1)で示される共役カルボニル化合物を含有することを特徴とする非水電解液に関する。
R1は、R2aまたは-CO-R2aを表し、但し、R2aは、R2に対して与えられる意味を有し、
R2は、水素原子、置換又は無置換のアシル基、置換または無置換のアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルケニル基、アルキニル基、置換または無置換の芳香族基、下記式(2):
-(R21O)n-R22 (2)
(式中、R21は炭素数1~6のアルキレン、R22は、炭素数1~12の炭化水素基、nは、1~10の整数を示す。)
で表されるオキシアルキレン基、
無置換のアルコキシ基、置換基を有するアルコキシ基、シクロアルキルオキシ基、アルケニルオキシ基、アルキニルオキシ基、置換または無置換の芳香族オキシ基、下記式(2b):
-O-(R21O)n-R22 (2b)
(式中、R21は炭素数1~6のアルキレン、R22は、炭素数1~12の炭化水素基、nは、1~10の整数を示す。)
で表されるオキシアルキレンオキシ基を表す。)
負極は、例えば、負極活物質が負極用結着剤によって負極集電体に結着されてなる。
正極は、例えば、正極活物質が正極用結着剤によって正極集電体を覆うように結着されてなる。正極活物質としては、LiMnO2、LixMn2O4(0<x<2)等の層状構造を持つマンガン酸リチウムまたはスピネル構造を有するマンガン酸リチウム;LiCoO2、LiNiO2またはこれらの遷移金属の一部を他の金属で置き換えたもの;LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2などの特定の遷移金属が半数を超えないリチウム遷移金属酸化物;これらのリチウム遷移金属酸化物において化学量論組成よりもLiを過剰にしたもの等が挙げられる。特に、LiαNiβCoγAlδO2(1≦α≦1.2、β+γ+δ=1、β≧0.7、γ≦0.2)またはLiαNiβCoγMnδO2(1≦α≦1.2、β+γ+δ=1、β≧0.6、γ≦0.2)が好ましい。正極活物質は、一種を単独で、または二種以上を組み合わせて使用することができる。
負極の集電体の材質としては、公知のものを任意に用いることができるが、例えば、銅、ニッケル、SUS等の金属材料が用いられる。中でも加工し易さとコストの点から特に銅が好ましい。また、負極の集電体も、正極の集電体と同様に、予め粗面化処理しておくのが好ましい。さらに、正極同様、集電体の形状も任意であり、箔状、平板状、メッシュ状等が挙げられる。また、エキスパンドメタルやパンチングメタルのような穴あきタイプの集電体を使用することもできる。
本実施形態における電解液は、下記式(1)で示される共役カルボニル化合物を含有する。
R1は、R2aまたは-CO-R2aを表し、但し、R2aは、R2に対して与えられる意味を有し、
R2は、水素原子、置換又は無置換のアシル基、置換または無置換のアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルケニル基、アルキニル基、置換または無置換の芳香族基、下記式(2):
-(R21O)n-R22 (2)
(式中、R21は炭素数1~6のアルキレン、R22は、炭素数1~12の炭化水素基、nは、1~10の整数を示す。)
で表されるオキシアルキレン基、
無置換のアルコキシ基、置換基を有するアルコキシ基、シクロアルキルオキシ基、アルケニルオキシ基、アルキニルオキシ基、置換または無置換の芳香族オキシ基、下記式(2b):
-O-(R21O)n-R22 (2b)
(式中、R21は炭素数1~6のアルキレン、R22は、炭素数1~12の炭化水素基、nは、1~10の整数を示す。)
で表されるオキシアルキレンオキシ基を表す。
-CO-R7 (5)
で表され、R7は、炭化水素基であり、好ましくは炭素数1~12、より好ましくは炭素数1~6のアルキル基、または炭素数6~12のアリール、アルキルアリール、またはアリールアルキル基であり、これらの基は、CNで置換されているか、Fでモノまたはポリ置換されていてもよい。
-(R21O)n-R22 (2)
のオキシアルキレン基であるとき、
R22は、好ましくは炭素数1~12、より好ましくは炭素数1~7のアルキル基、または炭素数6~12のアリール基であり、特に好ましくは炭素数1~7の直鎖アルキル基であり;
R21は炭素数1~6、好ましくは2~4のアルキレン、より好ましくはエチレンまたはプロピレン、特に好ましくはエチレンであり;
nは、1~10、好ましくは1~4の整数である。
-O-(R21O)n-R22 (2b)
のオキシアルキレンオキシ基であるとき、
R22は、好ましくは炭素数1~12、より好ましくは炭素数1~7のアルキル基、または炭素数6~12のアリール基であり、特に好ましくは炭素数1~7の直鎖アルキル基であり;
R21は炭素数1~6、好ましくは2~4のアルキレン、より好ましくはエチレンまたはプロピレン、特に好ましくはエチレンであり;
nは、1~10、好ましくは1~4の整数である。
フルオロアルコキシ基、置換基-NR11R12を有するアミノアルコキシ基(但し、R11およびR12は、互いに独立して、Hまたは炭素数1~6のアルキル基である)、およびシアノアルコキシ基からなる群より選ばれる置換基を有するアルコキシ基;
置換基として芳香環上に、-CNまたはハロゲンを有していてもよい、アリールオキシ基、アリールアルキルオキシ基およびアルキルアリールオキシ基からなる群より選ばれる置換または無置換の芳香族オキシ基;または
下記式(2):
-O-(R21O)n-R22 (2)
(式中、R21は炭素数1~6のアルキレン、R22は、炭素数1~12の炭化水素基、nは、1~10の整数を示す。)
で表されるオキシアルキレンオキシ基
で表される化合物が好ましい。
参考文献1:日本化学会編、第4版 実験科学講座22、有機合成IV 酸・アミノ酸・ペプチド1・2エステル類、44頁、丸善株式会社;
参考文献2:E. H. Huntress, T. E. Lesslie, J. Bornstein, Organic Syntheis, 1963年, 4巻, 329頁;
参考文献3:B. Neises, W. Steglich, Organic Synthesis, 1985年, 63巻、183頁
共役カルボニル化合物の合成ルートの例を、下記式(31a)および式(31b)の合成スキームに示す。
セパレータとしては、特に制限されるものではないが、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン等の多孔質フィルムや不織布を用いることができる。また、セパレータとしては、それらを積層したものを用いることもできる。
外装体としては、特に制限されるものではないが、例えば、ラミネートフィルムを用いることができる。ラミネートフィルムとしては、電解液に安定でかつ十分な水蒸気バリア性を持つものであれば、適宜選択することができる。ラミネートフィルムとしては、例えば、外装体として、アルミニウム、シリカ、アルミナをコーティングしたポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン等のラミネートフィルムを用いることができる。特に、体積膨張を抑制する観点から、アルミニウムラミネートフィルムが好ましい。
二次電池の構成は、特に制限されるものではないが、例えば、正極および負極が対向配置された電極素子と、電解液と、が外装体に内包されている積層ラミネート型とすることができる。
シリコンとしての平均粒径5μmの単体ケイ素と炭素材料としての平均粒径30μmの黒鉛とを、90:10の質量比で計量し、それらをいわゆるメカニカルミリングで24時間混合して、負極活物質を得た。この負極活物質(平均粒径D50=5μm)と、負極用結着剤としてのポリイミド(PI、宇部興産株式会社製、商品名:UワニスA)とを、85:15の質量比で計量し、それらをn-メチルピロリドンと混合して、負極スラリーを得た。そして、負極スラリーを厚さ10μmの銅箔に塗布した後に乾燥し、さらに窒素雰囲気300℃の熱処理を行うことで、負極を作製した。
共役カルボニル化合物としてそれぞれ上記式(102)、(104)、(105)、(106)、(109)、(110)、(111)、(115)、(116)、(118)、(120)、(122)で表される化合物を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製した。
負極用結着剤としてのポリイミドの代わりにポリアミドイミド(PAI、東洋紡績株式会社製、商品名:パイロマックス(登録商標))を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製した。
共役カルボニル化合物としてそれぞれ上記式(102)、(104)、(105)、(106)、(109)、(110)、(111)、(115)、(116)、(118)、(120)、(122)で表される化合物を用いたこと以外は、実施例14と同様にして二次電池を作製した。
シリコンとしての平均粒径5μmの単体ケイ素と、シリコン化合物としての平均粒径13μmの非晶質酸化シリコン(SiOx、0<x≦2)と、炭素材料としての平均粒径30μmの黒鉛とを、29:61:10の質量比で計量し、それらをいわゆるメカニカルミリングで24時間混合して、Si/SiO/C複合体からなる負極活物質を得た。なお、この負極活物質において、単体ケイ素は、酸化シリコン(SiOx、0<x≦2)中に分散していた。
共役カルボニル化合物としてそれぞれ上記式(102)、(104)、(105)、(106)、(109)、(110)、(111)、(115)、(116)、(118)、(120)、(122)で表される化合物を用いたこと以外は、実施例27と同様にして二次電池を作製した。
負極用結着剤としてのポリイミドの代わりにポリアミドイミド(PAI、東洋紡績株式会社製、商品名:パイロマックス(登録商標))を用いたこと以外は、実施例27と同様にして二次電池を作製した。
共役カルボニル化合物としてそれぞれ上記式(102)、(104)、(105)、(106)、(109)、(110)、(111)、(115)、(116)、(118)、(120)、(122)で表される化合物を用いたこと以外は、実施例40と同様にして二次電池を作製した。
EC/DEC=30/70(体積比)からなるカーボネート系非水電解溶媒に支持塩としてのLiPF6を1mol/Lの濃度で溶解させた液を電解液として用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして二次電池を作製した。
EC/DEC=30/70(体積比)からなるカーボネート系非水電解溶媒に支持塩としてのLiPF6を1mol/Lの濃度で溶解させた液を電解液として用いたこと以外は、実施例16と同様にして二次電池を作製した。
EC/DEC=30/70(体積比)からなるカーボネート系非水電解溶媒に支持塩としてのLiPF6を1mol/Lの濃度で溶解させた液を電解液として用いたこと以外は、実施例31と同様にして二次電池を作製した。
EC/DEC=30/70(体積比)からなるカーボネート系非水電解溶媒に支持塩としてのLiPF6を1mol/Lの濃度で溶解させた液を電解液として用いたこと以外は、実施例45と同様にして二次電池を作製した。
実施例1~52および比較例1~4で作製した二次電池について、高温環境下におけるサイクル特性を評価した。
共役カルボニル化合物は、例えば次のようにして合成することができる。
(合成例1)
以下に示す合成スキーム(13)に従い、上記式(110)で表される共役カルボニル化合物の合成を行った。
1H NMR(ppm):4.68(4H,t)
以下に示す合成スキーム(14)に従い、合成例1と同様の方法で、但し2,2,2-トリフルオロエタノールの代わりに、2,2,2-トリフルオロエタノールと等モル量の2,2-ジフルオロエタノールを用いること以外はほぼ同様の操作を行うことで、上記式(109)の化合物を収率60%で得た。
1H NMR(ppm):4.52(4H,m)、5.82(2H,t)
以下に示す合成スキーム(15)に従い、合成例1と同様の方法で、2,2,2-トリフルオロエタノールの代わりに、2,2,2-トリフルオロエタノールと等モル量の2-シアノエタノールを用いること以外はほぼ同様の操作を行うことで、上記式(112)の化合物を収率64%で得た。
1H NMR(ppm):4.52(4H,m)、5.75(2H,t)
以下に示す合成スキーム(16)に従い、合成例1と同様の方法で、2,2,2-トリフルオロエタノールの代わりに、2,2,2-トリフルオロエタノールと等モル量の2-シアノフェノールを用いること以外はほぼ同様の操作を行うことで、上記式(115)の化合物を収率61%で得た。
1H NMR(ppm):7.3~7.4(8H,m)
以下に示す合成スキーム(17)に従い、合成例1と同様の方法で、2,2,2-トリフルオロエタノールの代わりに、2,2,2-トリフルオロエタノールと等モル量の2-ジエチルアミノエタノールを用いること以外はほぼ同様の操作を行うことで、上記式(118)の化合物を収率62%で得た。
1H NMR(ppm):1.13(12H,t)、2.41(8H,q)、5.23(4H,s)
以下に示す合成スキーム(18)に従い、合成例1と同様の方法で、2,2,2-トリフルオロエタノールの代わりに、2,2,2-トリフルオロエタノールと等モル量のエチレングリコールモノメチルエーテルを用いること以外はほぼ同様の操作を行うことで、上記式(121)の化合物を収率66%で得た。
1H NMR(ppm):3.24(6H,s)、3.65(4H,t)、4.33(4H,t)
以下に示す合成スキーム(19)に従い、合成例1と同様の方法で、2,2,2-トリフルオロエタノールの代わりに、2,2,2-トリフルオロエタノールと等モル量のジエチレングリコールモノメチルエーテルを用いること以外はほぼ同様の操作を行うことで、上記式(123)の化合物を収率70%で得た。
1H NMR(ppm)3.24(6H,s)、3.4~3.6(12H,m)、4.35(4H,t)
以下に示す合成スキーム(20)に従い、合成例1と同様の方法で、2,2,2-トリフルオロエタノールの代わりに、2,2,2-トリフルオロエタノールと等モル量のトリエチレングリコールモノメチルエーテルを用いること以外はほぼ同様の操作を行うことで、上記式(125)の化合物を収率60%で得た。
1H NMR(ppm):3.24(6H,s)、3.4~3.6(20H,m)、4.35(4H,t)
以下に示す合成スキーム(21)に従い、合成例1と同様の方法で、2,2,2-トリフルオロエタノールの代わりに、2,2,2-トリフルオロエタノールと等モル量のテトラエチレングリコールモノメチルエーテルを用いること以外はほぼ同様の操作を行うことで、上記式(127)の化合物を収率65%で得た。
1H NMR(ppm):3.24(6H,s)、3.4~3.6(28H,m)、4.35(4H,t)
b セパレータ
c 正極
d 負極集電体
e 正極集電体
f 正極端子
g 負極端子
Claims (15)
- 負極活物質がケイ素元素を含むリチウム二次電池用非水電解液であって、
前記非水電解液は、非水溶媒、前記非水溶媒中に溶解されている電解質塩、および前記非水電解液中に下記式(1)で示される共役カルボニル化合物を含有することを特徴とする非水電解液。
R1は、R2aまたは-CO-R2aを表し、但し、R2aは、R2に対して与えられる意味を有し、
R2は、水素原子、置換又は無置換のアシル基、置換または無置換のアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルケニル基、アルキニル基、置換または無置換の芳香族基、下記式(2):
-(R21O)n-R22 (2)
(式中、R21は炭素数1~6のアルキレン、R22は、炭素数1~12の炭化水素基、nは、1~10の整数を示す。)
で表されるオキシアルキレン基、
無置換のアルコキシ基、置換基を有するアルコキシ基、シクロアルキルオキシ基、アルケニルオキシ基、アルキニルオキシ基、置換または無置換の芳香族オキシ基、下記式(2b):
-O-(R21O)n-R22 (2b)
(式中、R21は炭素数1~6のアルキレン、R22は、炭素数1~12の炭化水素基、nは、1~10の整数を示す。)
で表されるオキシアルキレンオキシ基を表す。) - 前記共役カルボニル化合物が、前記式(3)において、R2およびR2aが、互いに独立して、置換または無置換のアルキル基、シクロアルキル基、アルケニル基、アルキニル基、置換または無置換の芳香族基、下記式(2):
-(R21O)n-R22 (2)
(式中、R21は炭素数1~6のアルキレン、R22は、炭素数1~12の炭化水素基、nは、1~10の整数を示す。)
で表されるオキシアルキレン基、無置換のアルコキシ基、置換基を有するアルコキシ基、置換または無置換の芳香族オキシ基、および下記式(2b):
-O-(R21O)n-R22 (2b)
(式中、R21は炭素数1~6のアルキレン、R22は、炭素数1~12の炭化水素基、nは、1~10の整数を示す。)
で表されるオキシアルキレンオキシ基から選ばれる化合物であることを特徴とする請求項2記載の非水電解液。 - 前記共役カルボニル化合物が、R2およびR2aがそれぞれ独立して、
炭素数1~12の無置換のアルキル基;
フルオロアルキル基、置換基-NR11R12を有するアミノアルキル基(但し、R11およびR12は、互いに独立して、Hまたは炭素数1~6のアルキル基である)、およびシアノアルキル基からなる群より選ばれる置換基を有するアルキル基;
置換基として芳香環上に、-CNまたはハロゲンを有していてもよい、アリール基、アリールアルキル基およびアルキルアリール基からなる群より選ばれる置換または無置換の芳香族基;
下記式(2):
-(R21O)n-R22 (2)
(式中、R21は炭素数1~6のアルキレン、R22は、炭素数1~12の炭化水素基、nは、1~10の整数を示す。)
で表されるオキシアルキレン基;
炭素数1~12の無置換のアルコキシ基;
フルオロアルコキシ基、置換基-NR11R12を有するアミノアルコキシ基(但し、R11およびR12は、互いに独立して、Hまたは炭素数1~6のアルキル基である)、およびシアノアルコキシ基からなる群より選ばれる置換基を有するアルコキシ基;
置換基として芳香環上に、-CNまたはハロゲンを有していてもよい、アリールオキシ基、アリールアルキルオキシ基およびアルキルアリールオキシ基からなる群より選ばれる置換または無置換の芳香族オキシ基;および
下記式(2):
-O-(R21O)n-R22 (2)
(式中、R21は炭素数1~6のアルキレン、R22は、炭素数1~12の炭化水素基、nは、1~10の整数を示す。)
で表されるオキシアルキレンオキシ基
から選ばれる基を表す化合物であることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解液。 - 前記共役カルボニル化合物が、R2およびR2aがそれぞれ独立して、
炭素数1~12の無置換のアルコキシ基;
フルオロアルコキシ基、置換基-NR11R12を有するアミノアルコキシ基(但し、R11およびR12は、互いに独立して、Hまたは炭素数1~6のアルキル基である)、およびシアノアルコキシ基からなる群より選ばれる置換基を有するアルコキシ基;
置換基として芳香環上に、-CNまたはハロゲンを有していてもよい、アリールオキシ基、アリールアルキルオキシ基およびアルキルアリールオキシ基からなる群より選ばれる置換または無置換の芳香族オキシ基;および
下記式(2):
-O-(R21O)n-R22 (2)
(式中、R21は炭素数1~6のアルキレン、R22は、炭素数1~12の炭化水素基、nは、1~10の整数を示す。)
で表されるオキシアルキレンオキシ基
から選ばれる前記式(3)で表される化合物であることを特徴とする請求項2記載の非水電解液。 - 前記共役カルボニル化合物の非水電解液中における含有量が、0.1~2wt%の範囲であることを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解液。
- 正極および負極が対向配置された電極素子と、電解液を有する二次電池であって、前記負極活物質はケイ素元素を含み、前記電解液が、請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の非水電解液であることを特徴とする二次電池。
- 前記負極活物質が、ケイ素、ケイ素酸化物及び炭素材料を含むケイ素/ケイ素酸化物/炭素複合体である請求項7に記載の二次電池。
- 前記ケイ素の全部または一部が、前記ケイ素酸化物中に分散していることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の二次電池。
- 前記ケイ素の全部または一部が、アモルファス構造を有することを特徴とする請求項8または9に記載の二次電池。
- 前記負極は、前記負極活物質が負極用結着剤を用いて負極集電体に結着されてなり、前記負極用結着剤がポリイミドまたはポリアミドイミドである請求項7~10のいずれか1項に記載の二次電池。
- 少なくとも前記負極と前記電解液とを内包する外装体を備え、前記外装体がラミネートフィルムである請求項7~11のいずれかに記載の二次電池。
- 前記負極と正極がセパレータを介して積層配置された電極素子を有する積層ラミネート型である請求項12に記載の二次電池。
- 請求項7~13のいずれか1項に記載の二次電池を用いた組電池。
- 請求項7~13のいずれか1項に記載の二次電池、または請求項14に記載の組電池をモータ駆動用電源として搭載した車両。
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US14/374,961 US20150037667A1 (en) | 2012-01-30 | 2013-01-23 | Nonaqueous electrolyte solution and secondary battery using same |
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2017061468A1 (ja) * | 2015-10-05 | 2017-04-13 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | リチウムイオン二次電池 |
JP2019033102A (ja) * | 2018-12-03 | 2019-02-28 | 日立化成株式会社 | リチウムイオン二次電池用負極材料、リチウムイオン二次電池用負極及びリチウムイオン二次電池 |
US10923768B2 (en) | 2017-01-23 | 2021-02-16 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Alkynyl-containing compound additive for non-aqueous electrolyte solution, and non-aqueous electrolyte solution for lithium secondary battery and lithium secondary battery which include the same |
WO2023238909A1 (ja) * | 2022-06-10 | 2023-12-14 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 電解液及びそれを用いた二次電池 |
WO2023248829A1 (ja) * | 2022-06-23 | 2023-12-28 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 二次電池用電解液および二次電池 |
WO2024116532A1 (ja) * | 2022-12-02 | 2024-06-06 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 二次電池用負極および二次電池 |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US9954251B2 (en) * | 2015-02-17 | 2018-04-24 | Wildcat Discovery Technologies, Inc | Electrolyte formulations for electrochemical cells containing a silicon electrode |
US10199687B2 (en) | 2016-08-30 | 2019-02-05 | Wildcat Discovery Technologies, Inc | Electrolyte formulations for electrochemical cells containing a silicon electrode |
WO2020021763A1 (ja) * | 2018-07-25 | 2020-01-30 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池用負極および非水電解質二次電池 |
CN112768773A (zh) * | 2021-03-15 | 2021-05-07 | 蜂巢能源科技有限公司 | 电解液及锂离子电池 |
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JP2001256995A (ja) * | 2000-03-13 | 2001-09-21 | Denso Corp | 非水電解液及び非水電解液二次電池 |
JP2007066864A (ja) * | 2005-08-05 | 2007-03-15 | Ube Ind Ltd | 非水電解液及びそれを用いたリチウム二次電池 |
JP2008251212A (ja) * | 2007-03-29 | 2008-10-16 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 非水電解質二次電池 |
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2013
- 2013-01-23 WO PCT/JP2013/051351 patent/WO2013115041A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2013-01-23 US US14/374,961 patent/US20150037667A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-01-23 JP JP2013556346A patent/JPWO2013115041A1/ja active Pending
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JP2001256995A (ja) * | 2000-03-13 | 2001-09-21 | Denso Corp | 非水電解液及び非水電解液二次電池 |
JP2007066864A (ja) * | 2005-08-05 | 2007-03-15 | Ube Ind Ltd | 非水電解液及びそれを用いたリチウム二次電池 |
JP2008251212A (ja) * | 2007-03-29 | 2008-10-16 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 非水電解質二次電池 |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2017061468A1 (ja) * | 2015-10-05 | 2017-04-13 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | リチウムイオン二次電池 |
JPWO2017061468A1 (ja) * | 2015-10-05 | 2018-07-26 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | リチウムイオン二次電池 |
US10566650B2 (en) | 2015-10-05 | 2020-02-18 | Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd. | Lithium ion secondary battery |
US10923768B2 (en) | 2017-01-23 | 2021-02-16 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Alkynyl-containing compound additive for non-aqueous electrolyte solution, and non-aqueous electrolyte solution for lithium secondary battery and lithium secondary battery which include the same |
JP2019033102A (ja) * | 2018-12-03 | 2019-02-28 | 日立化成株式会社 | リチウムイオン二次電池用負極材料、リチウムイオン二次電池用負極及びリチウムイオン二次電池 |
WO2023238909A1 (ja) * | 2022-06-10 | 2023-12-14 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 電解液及びそれを用いた二次電池 |
WO2023248829A1 (ja) * | 2022-06-23 | 2023-12-28 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 二次電池用電解液および二次電池 |
WO2024116532A1 (ja) * | 2022-12-02 | 2024-06-06 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 二次電池用負極および二次電池 |
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US20150037667A1 (en) | 2015-02-05 |
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