WO2013104223A1 - 用于臂架振动特性测试的控制器、测试系统及测试方法 - Google Patents

用于臂架振动特性测试的控制器、测试系统及测试方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013104223A1
WO2013104223A1 PCT/CN2012/085968 CN2012085968W WO2013104223A1 WO 2013104223 A1 WO2013104223 A1 WO 2013104223A1 CN 2012085968 W CN2012085968 W CN 2012085968W WO 2013104223 A1 WO2013104223 A1 WO 2013104223A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
vibration
signal
excitation
boom
controller
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PCT/CN2012/085968
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
黄毅
吴斌兴
Original Assignee
中联重科股份有限公司
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Application filed by 中联重科股份有限公司 filed Critical 中联重科股份有限公司
Publication of WO2013104223A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013104223A1/zh

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C13/00Other constructional features or details
    • B66C13/04Auxiliary devices for controlling movements of suspended loads, or preventing cable slack
    • B66C13/06Auxiliary devices for controlling movements of suspended loads, or preventing cable slack for minimising or preventing longitudinal or transverse swinging of loads
    • B66C13/066Auxiliary devices for controlling movements of suspended loads, or preventing cable slack for minimising or preventing longitudinal or transverse swinging of loads for minimising vibration of a boom
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04GSCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/02Conveying or working-up concrete or similar masses able to be heaped or cast
    • E04G21/04Devices for both conveying and distributing
    • E04G21/0418Devices for both conveying and distributing with distribution hose
    • E04G21/0445Devices for both conveying and distributing with distribution hose with booms
    • E04G21/0454Devices for both conveying and distributing with distribution hose with booms with boom vibration damper mechanisms
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M7/00Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
    • G01M7/02Vibration-testing by means of a shake table

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of construction machinery, and in particular to a controller for testing vibration characteristics of a boom, a vibration test system for a boom, and a test method for vibration characteristics of a boom. Background technique
  • Construction machinery with booms (such as concrete pump trucks) has a large extension of the boom during operation, and is a cantilever beam structure in mechanics.
  • the force is relatively complicated and it is easy to generate vibration.
  • Concrete pump truck boom Vibration is one of the important factors affecting the overall performance and construction quality of the pump truck.
  • the excessive vibration causes the hose at the end of the boom to be accurately positioned, and the dynamic stress generated directly affects the fatigue life of the pump truck.
  • the problem of boom vibration is more important.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a controller for testing the vibration characteristics of a boom, a vibration test system for a boom, and a test method, in view of the prior art lacking a mechanism for testing the vibration characteristics of the boom.
  • a controller for testing a vibration characteristic of a boom includes: an excitation control unit for emitting an excitation signal to perform excitation; and a signal acquisition unit for collecting the The excitation signal sent by the excitation control unit and the vibration signal of the boom obtained by exciting the boom with the excitation signal, and storing the excitation signal and the vibration signal as a group of vibration data And vibration characteristic analysis unit for calling the signal acquisition unit The stored vibration data is analyzed and analyzed to obtain the vibration characteristics of the boom.
  • the present invention also provides a boom vibration characteristic testing system, comprising: the above controller for testing the vibration characteristics of the boom; the boom vibration monitoring unit for detecting the vibration of the boom a case, generating a vibration signal and outputting to the signal acquisition unit in the controller for testing the vibration characteristics of the boom; an excitation actuation mechanism for receiving excitation from the controller for testing the vibration characteristics of the boom The excitation signal from the vibration control unit is excited according to the excitation signal.
  • the present invention further provides a method for testing a vibration characteristic of a boom, the method comprising: an excitation step: emitting an excitation signal to perform excitation; a signal acquisition step: acquiring the excitation signal and a vibration signal of the boom obtained by exciting the boom signal, and storing the excitation signal and the vibration signal as a set of vibration data; and an analyzing step: calling the vibration data and performing an operation Analyze to obtain the vibration characteristics of the boom.
  • the invention transmits the excitation signal to the excitation actuation mechanism to realize the vibration excitation of the boom, and acquires the vibration signal of the boom during the vibration of the boom under the action of the corresponding excitation signal, respectively, by respectively transmitting the excitation signal and the vibration signal As the excitation signal and response signal of the vibration system of the boom, and performing arithmetic analysis on it, various vibration characteristics of the boom are obtained.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a controller for boom vibration characteristic testing provided in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a boom vibration characteristic testing system provided in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG 3 is a structural illustration of a preferred embodiment of a boom vibration monitoring unit provided in accordance with the present invention. Intention
  • FIG. 4 is an example of a frequency-frequency characteristic curve obtained by the vibration characteristic analyzing unit provided by the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is an example of a phase-frequency characteristic curve obtained by the vibration characteristic analyzing unit provided by the present invention
  • the box of the reference numeral 100 is a controller for the boom vibration characteristic test (hereinafter referred to as “controller 100 ”) provided by the present invention, and the controller 100 includes: the excitation control unit 10 And an excitation signal sent by the excitation control unit 10 and an arm obtained by exciting the boom with the excitation signal a vibration signal of the rack, and storing the excitation signal and the vibration signal as a set of vibration data; and a vibration characteristic analysis unit 30 for calling the vibration data stored by the signal acquisition unit 20 and performing operation analysis to obtain a boom Vibration characteristics.
  • controller 100 includes: the excitation control unit 10 And an excitation signal sent by the excitation control unit 10 and an arm obtained by exciting the boom with the excitation signal a vibration signal of the rack, and storing the excitation signal and the vibration signal as a set of vibration data; and a vibration characteristic analysis unit 30 for calling the vibration data stored by the signal acquisition unit 20 and performing operation analysis to obtain a boom Vibration characteristics.
  • the excitation signal sent by the excitation control unit 10 is transmitted to the excitation actuation mechanism 300 (shown in FIG. 2), and may be, for example, a pumping cylinder or an arm cylinder, a pumping cylinder, and an arm fuel saving.
  • the rod valve or the rodless cavity solenoid valve can adjust the opening according to the magnitude of the excitation signal (current signal) to control the flow change of the hydraulic oil in the rod chamber and the rodless chamber, thereby driving the excitation operation.
  • the mechanism 300 performs an excitation operation to achieve vibration excitation of the boom system.
  • the excitation signal can be a current signal or a voltage signal.
  • the excitation control unit 10 can also send a corresponding excitation signal to the excitation actuation mechanism 300 according to different excitation modes.
  • the main excitation actuators that affect the vibration of the boom are the arm cylinders and the pump cylinders. Therefore, depending on the object to be excited, the excitation mode can be: arm cylinder cylinder excitation and/or pumping cylinder Excitation, that is, only the arm cylinder excitation, only the pump cylinder excitation or the double excitation of the arm cylinder and the pump cylinder, wherein the arm cylinder excitation can include one-arm cylinder excitation and multi-arm cylinder excitation, ie The cylinder of one or several of the booms in the boom can be selected for excitation.
  • each excitation mode three excitation modes are included, namely: a sine sweep mode, a sinusoidal excitation mode, and a pulse excitation mode.
  • These types of excitation modes are commonly used excitation modes in vibration tests, and those skilled in the art are aware of how to perform these types of excitation modes.
  • the sine sweep mode needs to set the sweep excitation current or voltage amplitude, phase, start frequency, termination frequency, frequency step and other parameters; sinusoidal excitation mode needs to set the excitation current or voltage frequency, amplitude, phase Such parameters; pulse excitation mode needs to set parameters such as pulse width and intensity.
  • the signal acquisition unit 20 collects the excitation signal emitted by the excitation control unit 10 and the vibration signal of the boom obtained by exciting the boom with the excitation signal.
  • the so-called vibration signal refers to a signal capable of characterizing the vibration of the boom, including but not limited to a vibration signal such as a displacement signal, a speed signal, an acceleration signal, and a tilt signal, as long as it is a signal capable of characterizing vibration.
  • the excitation signal can be regarded as an excitation signal
  • the vibration signal can be regarded as a response signal
  • the signal acquisition unit 20 is used to collect the excitation signal and the response signal. The two are then stored as a set of vibration data for data analysis.
  • the vibration data includes an excitation signal and a vibration signal.
  • the excitation process can be repeatedly performed and signals are collected to obtain sets of vibration data for the vibration characteristic analysis unit 30 to call.
  • the parameters of the excitation mode and the excitation mode should be stored together with the vibration data of the group to facilitate analysis of each excitation condition. Different vibration data obtained below.
  • the signal acquisition unit 20 can collect the vibration signal of the boom in a given direction for analyzing the vibration in a given direction, wherein the given direction can be any direction, such as a gravity acceleration direction or a horizontal direction.
  • the vibration signal of the boom acquired by the signal acquisition unit 20 may be a tilt signal and a vibration signal in different directions (for example, an orthogonal direction), and convert the vibration signal into a vibration in a given direction according to the tilt signal. signal.
  • the vibration characteristic analysis unit 30 is configured to batch call the vibration data stored by the signal acquisition unit 20 to perform various operation analysis to obtain various vibration characteristics of the boom, such as frequency response characteristics (including amplitude frequency response characteristics and phase frequency response characteristics). , coherence function, natural frequency, damping ratio, etc., for analysis of the vibration characteristics of the boom.
  • the vibration characteristic analyzing unit 30 can also generate a graph of the vibration characteristics of the boom.
  • the vibration characteristic analysis unit 30 can also receive the attitude signal of the boom and store the attitude signal in correspondence with the vibration characteristics of the boom for reference during vibration characteristic analysis, so that the corresponding posture can be recorded.
  • the vibration characteristics of the lower boom can be used to obtain the vibration characteristics of the boom according to the attitude of the boom during vibration control.
  • the attitude signal may include an inclination of each arm section with respect to a horizontal plane and/or a rotation angle of the boom relative to the axis of the turntable.
  • the calculation and analysis process of the vibration characteristic analysis unit 30 will be described below by taking the calculation of the frequency response characteristic and the coherence function as an example, but it should be noted that these two examples are not intended to limit the application of the vibration characteristic analysis unit 30, in fact Various arithmetic analysis of the vibration characteristics of the boom can be performed in the vibration characteristic analyzing unit 30, and the corresponding program can be set according to the principle of the operational analysis.
  • the frequency response characteristics (including amplitude-frequency response characteristics and phase-frequency response characteristics) are used to reflect the input-output relationship of the excitation and response of the vibration system.
  • the vibration characteristic analysis unit 30 uses the excitation signal in the called vibration data as the excitation signal x of the vibration system, and uses the vibration signal as the response signal; ⁇
  • the frequency response function ⁇ is calculated according to the formula (1) or the formula (2).
  • Equation (2) where ⁇ is the self-power spectrum of x, is the self-power spectrum of ⁇ , and is x and ; respectively, and the mutual power spectrum of xf ⁇ , ⁇ is the length of the recorded sample, and M is the number of samples, ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ , respectively represent the recorded sample time length as: ⁇ record sample ⁇ , ( 3 ⁇ 4> Fourier transform; ⁇ ; ( ⁇ ' ⁇ ) , ⁇ respectively represent the conjugate function of D, , m.
  • the amplitude-frequency response characteristic and the phase-frequency response characteristic can be further obtained. Further, as shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, the amplitude-frequency response characteristic curve and the phase-frequency response characteristic curve can also be generated according to the frequency response function.
  • the coherence function is mainly used to judge the quality of the frequency response function ⁇ , that is, to test the linear relationship between the excitation signal and the response signal, thereby reflecting the quality of the vibration data (noise size, energy leakage, etc.).
  • the vibration characteristic analyzing unit 30 uses the excitation signal in the called vibration data as the excitation signal x of the vibration system, and uses the vibration signal as the response signal; calculates the coherence function according to the formula (3).
  • Equation (3) where ⁇ is the self-power spectrum, is the self-power spectrum of ⁇ , G yx (co) is the cross-power spectrum of y(t) and ⁇ , ⁇ is the length of the recorded sample, and M is the number of samples.
  • ⁇ ⁇ ' ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ respectively represent the recording sample x(t) of the sample length of time ⁇ , the Fourier transform; ⁇ ; ( ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ respectively represent the conjugate function of 7 ⁇ , ⁇ , respectively.
  • Coherence function The closer the value of ⁇ ) is to 1, the smaller the influence of noise is, and the better the estimation result of the frequency response function Z fo ⁇ is.
  • the vibration characteristic analysis unit 30 compares the value of the coherence function with a determination threshold. When the value of the coherence function is greater than or equal to the determination threshold, the quality of the vibration data is judged to be acceptable, and when the value of the coherence function is less than the determination threshold Then, the quality of the vibration data is judged to be unqualified. For vibration data with unqualified quality, it can be eliminated and re-acquired.
  • the judgment threshold may be set according to the degree of tolerance for quality, for example, set to 0.8.
  • the boom vibration characteristic test system provided by the present invention will be described below.
  • 2 is a test system for vibration characteristics of a boom provided by the present invention, the system includes: the controller 100 for testing the vibration characteristics of the boom; the boom vibration monitoring unit 200 for detecting the vibration of the boom and generating a vibration signal And outputting to the signal acquisition unit 20 in the controller 100; and an excitation actuation mechanism 300, configured to receive an excitation signal from the excitation control unit 10 in the controller 100 and perform excitation according to the excitation signal Vibration.
  • the boom vibration monitoring unit 200 can be any device capable of detecting the vibration condition of the boom (preferably detecting the vibration condition of the boom end), for example, one of a displacement sensor, a speed sensor, an acceleration sensor, and a tilt sensor.
  • the generated vibration signal is a signal capable of characterizing the vibration of the boom, and may include one or more of a displacement signal, a speed signal, an acceleration signal, and a tilt signal for the signal acquisition unit 20 to collect a response as an excitation.
  • a boom vibration monitoring unit 200 as shown in FIG.
  • the boom vibration monitoring unit 200 including a first vibration sensor 201, a second vibration sensor 202, and a tilt sensor 203, wherein the first vibration sensor
  • the detection directions of the 201 and the second vibration sensor 202 are orthogonal to each other, and the inclination sensor 203 is for detecting an angle between the boom and the horizontal plane.
  • the first vibration sensor 201 and the second vibration sensor 202 may be an acceleration sensor, a speed sensor or a displacement sensor
  • the inclination sensor 203 may be a single-axis inclination sensor.
  • the vibration signal generated by the boom vibration monitoring unit 200 includes two acceleration signals (or speed signals, displacement signals) and a tilt signal, so that the signal acquisition unit 20 can generate two acceleration signals (or speed signals, displacement signals according to the tilt signal). ) Switch to any given direction, such as the direction of gravity acceleration or horizontal direction, and test the vibration characteristics for that given direction.
  • the boom vibration monitoring unit 200 further includes a mounting bracket 204, which is two boards orthogonal to each other, first The vibration sensor 201 and the second vibration sensor 202 are respectively mounted on one of the plates to ensure that the detection directions are orthogonal to each other, and the inclination sensor 203 is mounted on one of the plates.
  • the boom vibration monitoring unit 200 may further include a protective cover 205, and the first vibration sensor 201, the second vibration sensor 202, the tilt sensor 203, and the mounting bracket 204 are all disposed in the protective cover 205.
  • the mounting bracket 204 is fixedly connected to the protective cover 205, and the protective cover 205 has an opening for guiding the output lines of the first vibration sensor 201, the second vibration sensor 202, and the tilt sensor 203.
  • the system may further include a boom attitude monitoring unit 400 for detecting the attitude of the boom, generating an attitude signal, and outputting to the vibration characteristic analysis unit in the controller 100, as shown by the broken line frame in FIG. 30.
  • the attitude signal includes an inclination of each arm section with respect to a horizontal plane and/or a rotation angle of the boom relative to the axis of the turntable.
  • the boom attitude monitoring unit 400 may include a plurality of tilt sensors and/or angle encoders respectively mounted on the respective arm joints of the boom for detecting the respective arm joints with respect to the horizontal plane. Inclination angle The encoder is mounted on a turntable for detecting the angle of rotation of the boom as a whole with respect to the axis of the turntable.
  • the excitation actuation mechanism 300 can be a pumping cylinder and/or an arm cylinder, and the pumping cylinder, the rod chamber of the arm cylinder or the rodless cavity solenoid valve can adjust the opening according to the magnitude of the excitation signal, The flow rate change of the hydraulic oil in the rod chamber and the rodless chamber is controlled, thereby driving the excitation actuation mechanism 300 to perform the excitation actuation to realize the vibration excitation of the boom system.
  • the above-mentioned boom vibration characteristic test system performs excitation by applying an excitation signal to the excitation actuation mechanism 300, and then collects a vibration signal reflecting the vibration of the boom as a response, and performs various kinds according to the excitation signal and the vibration signal. Operational analysis to obtain the dynamic characteristics of the boom vibrations, which can be used for optimization of vibration characteristics.
  • the method for testing the vibration characteristics of the boom includes: an excitation step: emitting an excitation signal to perform excitation; a signal acquisition step: acquiring the excitation signal and exciting the boom with the excitation signal Obtaining a vibration signal of the boom, and storing the excitation signal and the vibration signal as a set of vibration data; and analyzing step: calling the vibration data and performing operational analysis to obtain vibration characteristics of the boom.
  • the excitation signal is transmitted to the excitation actuator 300.
  • the excitation step may also send a corresponding excitation signal according to different excitation modes.
  • the excitation mode can be: arm cylinder cylinder excitation and/or pump cylinder excitation, that is, only the arm cylinder excitation, only the pump cylinder excitation or the double excitation of the arm cylinder and the pump cylinder, wherein
  • the boom cylinder cylinder excitation may in turn include a single arm cylinder cylinder excitation and a multi-arm cylinder cylinder excitation.
  • three excitation modes are included, namely: a sinusoidal sweep mode, a sinusoidal excitation mode, and a pulsed excitation mode.
  • the excitation signal is used as an excitation signal, and the vibration signal is stored as a response signal.
  • a set of vibration data As shown by the dashed box in Figure 6, the excitation step and the signal acquisition step can be repeatedly performed to obtain sets of vibration data for the analysis step call.
  • the signal acquisition step stores the vibration data together with the parameters of the excitation mode and the excitation mode corresponding to the set of vibration data, so as to analyze each excitation.
  • the vibration signal of the boom acquired by the signal acquisition step is a vibration signal in a selected direction.
  • the vibration signal of the collected boom is a tilt signal and a vibration signal in different directions, the vibration signal can also be converted into a vibration signal in a given direction according to the tilt signal.
  • the analyzing step batch calls the stored vibration data to perform various operation analysis to obtain various vibration characteristics of the boom, such as frequency response characteristics (including amplitude frequency response characteristics and phase frequency response characteristics), coherence function, natural frequency, Damping ratio, etc., for analysis of the vibration characteristics of the boom.
  • various vibration characteristics of the boom such as frequency response characteristics (including amplitude frequency response characteristics and phase frequency response characteristics), coherence function, natural frequency, Damping ratio, etc.
  • a graph of the vibration characteristics of the boom can be generated.
  • the calculation of the frequency response characteristics and the coherence function is the same as described above.
  • the analyzing step includes:
  • the excitation signal in the vibration data to be called is used as the excitation signal of the vibration system.
  • the vibration signal is used as the response signal.
  • the frequency response function is calculated according to formula (1) or formula (2).
  • the excitation signal in the vibration data to be called is used as the excitation signal x(t) of the vibration system, and the vibration signal is used as the response signal;
  • ⁇ The coherence function (iy ) is calculated according to the formula (3):
  • Equation (3) where, is the self-power spectrum of x, for the self-power spectrum, G yx (co) is the cross-power spectrum of y(t) and ⁇ , ⁇ is the length of the recorded sample, ⁇ is the number of samples, ⁇ ⁇ ' ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ respectively represent the recording sample x(t) of the sample length of time ⁇ , the Fourier transform; ⁇ ; ( ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ respectively represent the conjugate function of 7 ⁇ , respectively.
  • the analyzing step further includes: comparing the value of the coherence function with a determination threshold, and when the value of the coherence function is greater than or equal to the determination threshold, determining that the quality of the vibration data is acceptable, and when the value of the coherence function is less than the determination threshold When the quality of the vibration data is unqualified, the data with unqualified quality is rejected and re-acquired.
  • the analyzing step preferably further includes: receiving an attitude signal of the boom and storing corresponding to the vibration characteristic.
  • the attitude signal includes an inclination of each arm section with respect to a horizontal plane and/or a rotation angle of the boom relative to the axis of the turntable.

Abstract

一种用于臂架振动特性测试的控制器(100),包括:激振控制单元(10),用于发出激振信号以执行激振;信号采集单元(20),用于采集所述激振控制单元(10)发出的所述激振信号以及以该激振信号对臂架进行激振所得到的臂架的振动信号,并将所述激振信号和所述振动信号对应存储成一组振动数据;振动特性分析单元(30),用于调用信号采集单元(20)存储的振动数据并进行运算分析以获得臂架的振动特性。将激振信号和振动信号分别作为臂架这个振动系统的激励信号和响应信号,并对其进行运算分析,从而获得臂架的各种振动特性。还提供了臂架振动特性测试系统及测试方法。

Description

用于臂架振动特性测试的控制器、 测试系统及测试方法 技术领域
本发明涉及工程机械领域, 具体地, 涉及一种用于臂架振动特性测试 的控制器、 臂架振动特性测试系统及臂架振动特性测试方法。 背景技术
具有臂架的工程机械 (例如混凝土泵车) 工作时臂架部分伸展较大, 在力学上属悬臂梁结构, 受力比较复杂, 容易产生振动。 混凝土泵车臂架 振动是影响泵车整车性能和施工质量的重要因素之一, 振动过大会造成臂 架末端的软管无法精确定位, 同时产生的动应力直接影响泵车的疲劳寿命。 随着高压、 大排量泵送和超长臂架技术的发展, 臂架振动的问题越显重要。 现有技术中不存在系统地对臂架系统进行振动分析测试的方法及系统, 而 对臂架系统进行振动测试, 并对采集的实验数据进行分析, 从而准确获得 臂架系统的振动特性, 却是臂架振动控制与系统动态参数优化的必要前提。 发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术中缺少对臂架振动特性进行测试的机 制, 而提供一种用于臂架振动特性测试的控制器、 臂架振动特性测试系统 以及测试方法。
根据本发明的一方面, 本发明提供一种用于臂架振动特性测试的控制 器, 包括: 激振控制单元, 用于发出激振信号以执行激振; 信号采集单元, 用于采集所述激振控制单元发出的所述激振信号以及以该激振信号对臂架 进行激振所得到的臂架的振动信号, 并将所述激振信号和所述振动信号对 应存储成一组振动数据; 以及振动特性分析单元, 用于调用信号采集单元 存储的振动数据并进行运算分析以获得臂架的振动特性。
根据本发明的另一方面, 本发明还提供一种臂架振动特性测试系统, 该系统包括: 上述用于臂架振动特性测试的控制器; 臂架振动监测单元, 用于检测臂架的振动情况, 生成振动信号并输出到所述用于臂架振动特性 测试的控制器中的信号采集单元; 激振作动机构, 用于接收从所述用于臂 架振动特性测试的控制器中的激振控制单元发出的激振信号并根据该激振 信号进行激振。
根据本发明的又一方面, 本发明还提供一种臂架振动特性测试方法, 该方法包括: 激振步骤: 发出激振信号以执行激振; 信号采集步骤: 采集 所述激振信号以及以该激振信号对臂架进行激振所得到的臂架的振动信 号, 并将所述激振信号和所述振动信号对应存储成一组振动数据; 以及分 析步骤: 调用所述振动数据并进行运算分析以获得臂架的振动特性。
本发明通过发出激振信号给激振作动机构以实现对臂架的振动激励, 并获取臂架在相应激振信号作用下臂架振动过程中的振动信号, 通过将激 振信号和振动信号分别作为臂架这个振动系统的激励信号和响应信号, 并 对其进行运算分析, 从而获得臂架的各种振动特性。
本发明的其他特征和优点将在随后的具体实施方式部分予以详细说 明。 附图说明
附图是用来提供对本发明的进一步理解, 并且构成说明书的一部分, 与下面的具体实施方式一起用于解释本发明, 但并不构成对本发明的限制。 在附图中:
图 1为根据本发明提供的用于臂架振动特性测试的控制器的框图; 图 2为根据本发明提供的臂架振动特性测试系统的框图;
图 3 为根据本发明提供的臂架振动监测单元的优选实施方式的结构示 意图;
图 4为本发明提供的振动特性分析单元得到的幅频特性曲线图的示例; 图 5为本发明提供的振动特性分析单元得到的相频特性曲线图的示例; 图 6为根据本发明提供的臂架振动特性测试方法的流程图。 附图标记说明
10 激振控制单元 20 信号采集单元
30 振动特性分析单元 100 用于臂架振动特性测试的控制器
200 臂架振动监测单元 201 第一振动传感器
202 第二振动传感器 203 倾角传感器
204 安装架 205 保护罩
300 激振作动机构 400 臂架姿态监测单元 具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应当理解的是, 此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本发明, 并不用于限制本发 明。
如图 1所示, 其中标号 100的方框中为本发明提供的用于臂架振动特 性测试的控制器(以下简称为 "控制器 100") , 该控制器 100包括: 激振控 制单元 10, 用于发出激振信号以执行激振; 信号采集单元 20, 用于采集所 述激振控制单元 10发出的所述激振信号以及以该激振信号对臂架进行激振 所得到的臂架的振动信号, 并将所述激振信号和所述振动信号对应存储成 一组振动数据; 以及振动特性分析单元 30,用于调用信号采集单元 20存储 的振动数据并进行运算分析以获得臂架的振动特性。
其中, 所述激振控制单元 10 所发出激振信号被传送给激振作动机构 300 (图 2 中示出), 例如可以为泵送油缸或臂节油缸, 泵送油缸、 臂节油 缸的有杆腔或无杆腔的电磁阀可以根据激振信号 (电流信号) 的大小来调 整开度, 以控制有杆腔和无杆腔中的液压油的流量变化, 从而驱动激振作 动机构 300进行激振作动, 实现对臂架系统的振动激励。 其中激振信号可 以为电流信号或者电压信号。
优选情况下, 所述激振控制单元 10还可以根据不同激振方式发出相应 的激振信号给激振作动机构 300。如上所言, 影响臂架的振动的主要激振作 动机构有臂节油缸和泵送油缸, 所以, 根据所要激励的对象的不同, 激振 方式可以为: 臂节油缸激励和 /或泵送油缸激励, 也就是仅对臂节油缸激励、 仅对泵送油缸激励或者对臂节油缸及泵送油缸双重激励, 其中臂节油缸激 励又可以包括单臂节油缸激励和多臂节油缸激励, 即可以选择臂架中其中 一节或几节臂架的油缸进行激励。 另外, 优选情况下, 针对每种激振方式, 都包括三种激励模式, 分别为: 正弦扫频模式、 正弦激励模式和脉冲激励 模式。 这几种激励模式均是振动试验中常用的激励模式, 本领域普通技术 人员均知晓如何进行这几种激励模式。 例如, 正弦扫频模式需要设置扫描 激振电流或电压的幅值、 相位、 起始频率、 终止频率、 频率步长等参数; 正弦激励模式需要设置激振电流或电压的频率、 幅值、 相位等参数; 脉冲 激励模式需要设置脉冲宽度、 强度等参数。
所述信号采集单元 20采集激振控制单元 10所发出的激振信号以及以 该激振信号对臂架进行激振所得到的臂架的振动信号。 其中所谓振动信号 是指能够表征臂架振动情况的信号, 包括但不限于位移信号、 速度信号、 加速度信号、 倾角信号等振动信号, 只要是能够表征振动的信号均可以。 在本发明中, 对于臂架这个振动系统而言, 激振信号可以看作是激励信号, 而振动信号可以看作是响应信号, 因此信号采集单元 20即是用来采集激励 信号和响应信号, 然后将这两者对应存储成一组振动数据, 以供数据分析。 这里, 振动数据包括激振信号和振动信号。 可以反复执行激振过程并采集 信号, 以得到多组振动数据, 以供振动特性分析单元 30调用。 另外, 优选情况下, 当如上所述选用不同的激振方式或激励模式时, 还应将激振方式和激励模式的各参数对应于该组振动数据一同存储, 以便 于分析每种激振情况下所得到的不同的振动数据。
所述信号采集单元 20可以采集的是给定方向上臂架的振动信号, 用以 分析给定方向的振动情况, 其中该给定方向可以是任意方向, 例如重力加 速度方向或水平方向。 根据优选实施方式, 所述信号采集单元 20采集的臂 架的振动信号可以为倾角信号和不同方向的振动信号 (例如正交方向), 并 根据倾角信号将振动信号转换成给定方向上的振动信号。
所述振动特性分析单元 30用于批量调用信号采集单元 20存储的振动 数据进行各种运算分析以获得臂架的各种振动特性,例如频率响应特性(包 括幅频响应特性和相频响应特性)、 相干函数、 固有频率、 阻尼比等等, 以 用于对臂架振动特性的分析。 另外, 振动特性分析单元 30还可以生成臂架 振动特性的曲线图。 除了振动数据之外, 优选情况下, 振动特性分析单元 30还可以接收臂架的姿态信号,并将姿态信号与臂架的振动特性对应存储, 以供振动特性分析时参考, 这样能够记录相应姿态下臂架的振动特性, 在 进行振动控制时可以根据臂架的姿态来相应获取臂架的振动特性。 所述姿 态信号可以包括各臂节相对于水平面的倾角和 /或臂架相对于回转台轴线的 回转角度。
下面分别以频率响应特性和相干函数的计算为例说明振动特性分析单 元 30的计算和分析过程, 但需要说明的是, 这两个示例并不是用于限制振 动特性分析单元 30的应用, 事实上各种关于臂架振动特性的运算分析均可 以在振动特性分析单元 30中进行, 只要根据运算分析的原理设定相应的程 序即可。
1、 频率响应特性的计算
频率响应特性 (包括幅频响应特性和相频响应特性) 用于反映振动系 统的激励和响应的输入输出关系。 振动特性分析单元 30将调用的振动数据中的激振信号作为振动系统的 激励信号 x , 将振动信号作为响应信号; < 按照公式 (1) 或公式 (2) 计算频响函数 ^ 。
公式 (1)
Figure imgf000008_0001
公式 (2) 其中, ^为 x 的自功率谱, 为;^的自功率谱, 和 分别为 x 与; < 与 xf^的互功率谱, Γ为记录样本时间长度, M为样 本数, χ ω,τ 、 分别表示记录样本时间长度为 : Γ的记录样本 χ 、 (¾>的傅立叶变换; χ;'τ)、 ^ 分别表示 D, 、 m的共轭函数。
根据上述频响函数 可以进一步得到幅频响应特性和相频响应特 性, 另外, 如图 4和图 5所示, 还可以根据频响函数 生成幅频响应特 性曲线图和相频响应特性曲线图。
2、 相干函数的计算
相干函数主要用来评判频响函数 ^^估计的好坏, 即检验激励信号与 响应信号之间的线性关系, 从而反映了振动数据质量的好坏 (噪声大小、 能量泄露程度等)。
振动特性分析单元 30将调用的振动数据中的激振信号作为振动系统的 激励信号 x , 将振动信号作为响应信号; 按照公式(3)计算相干函数
Figure imgf000009_0001
公式 (3 ) 其中, 为 χ 的自功率谱, 为; ^的自功率谱, Gyx(co)为 y(t) 与 χ 的互功率谱, Γ为记录样本时间长度, M为样本数, χ ω'Γ 、 ^ ^ 分别表示记录样本时间长度为 Τ 的记录样本 x(t)、 的傅立叶变换; χ;(ωτ 、 ^^ 分别表示 7^、 ^, 的共轭函数。 相干函数 ^)的值越接近于 1, 说明噪声的影响越小, 频响函数 Z fo^ 的估计结果越好。 振动特性分析单元 30还将相干函数 的值与一判断 阈值进行比较, 当相干函数 的值大于或等于该判断阈值时, 则判断振 动数据的质量合格, 而当相干函数 的值小于该判断阈值时, 则判断振 动数据的质量不合格。 对于质量不合格的振动数据, 可以予以剔除, 并重 新采集。其中判断阈值可以根据对于质量的容忍程度设置,例如设定为 0.8。
下面介绍本发明提供的臂架振动特性测试系统。 图 2为本发明提供的 臂架振动特性测试系统, 该系统包括: 上述用于臂架振动特性测试的控制 器 100; 臂架振动监测单元 200, 用于检测臂架的振动情况, 生成振动信号 并输出到所述控制器 100中的信号采集单元 20; 以及激振作动机构 300, 用于接收所述控制器 100中的激振控制单元 10发出的激振信号并根据该激 振信号进行激振。
其中,臂架振动监测单元 200可以为各种能够检测臂架的振动情况(优 选检测臂架末端的振动情况) 的装置, 例如为位移传感器、 速度传感器、 加速度传感器、 倾角传感器中的一者或几者。 所生成的振动信号为能够表 征臂架振动情况的信号, 可以包括位移信号、 速度信号、 加速度信号、 倾 角信号中的一者或几者, 以供信号采集单元 20采集作为激励的响应。 优选情况下, 可以采用如图 3所示的这种臂架振动监测单元 200, 该臂 架振动监测单元 200包括第一振动传感器 201、第二振动传感器 202和倾角 传感器 203,其中第一振动传感器 201与第二振动传感器 202的检测方向彼 此正交, 倾角传感器 203用于检测臂架与水平面之间的夹角。 其中, 第一 振动传感器 201和第二振动传感器 202可以为加速度传感器、 速度传感器 或者位移传感器, 所述倾角传感器 203可以为单轴的倾角传感器。 这样臂 架振动监测单元 200生成的振动信号包括两个加速度信号 (或速度信号、 位移信号)和一个倾角信号, 从而信号采集单元 20可以根据倾角信号将两 个加速度信号 (或速度信号、 位移信号) 转换到任意给定方向上, 例如重 力加速度方向或水平方向, 并对该给定方向进行振动特性测试。
为了便于安装上述第一振动传感器 201和第二振动传感器 202以使得 二者正交, 该臂架振动监测单元 200还包括安装架 204, 该安装架 204为彼 此正交的两块板, 第一振动传感器 201和第二振动传感器 202分别安装在 其中一块板上, 以保证检测方向彼此正交, 倾角传感器 203 安装在其中一 块板上。
为了保护各传感器, 优选情况下, 该臂架振动监测单元 200还可以包 括保护罩 205, 上述第一振动传感器 201、 第二振动传感器 202、 倾角传感 器 203和安装架 204均置于保护罩 205中, 并且安装架 204与保护罩 205 固定连接, 保护罩 205具有一开口, 用于将第一振动传感器 201、第二振动 传感器 202、 倾角传感器 203的输出线引出。
优选情况下, 如图 2 中虚线框所示, 该系统还可以包括臂架姿态监测 单元 400, 用于检测臂架的姿态, 生成姿态信号并输出到所述控制器 100中 的振动特性分析单元 30。所述姿态信号包括各臂节相对于水平面的倾角和 / 或臂架相对于回转台轴线的回转角度。 因此, 所述臂架姿态监测单元 400 可以包括多个倾角传感器和 /或角度编码器, 所述多个倾角传感器分别安装 在臂架的各个臂节上, 用于检测各个臂节相对于水平面的倾角, 所述角度 编码器安装在回转台上, 用于检测臂架整体相对于回转台轴线的回转角度。 所述激振作动机构 300可以为泵送油缸和 /或臂节油缸, 泵送油缸、 臂 节油缸的有杆腔或无杆腔的电磁阀可以根据激振信号的大小来调整开度, 以控制有杆腔和无杆腔中的液压油的流量变化,从而驱动激振作动机构 300 进行激振作动, 实现对臂架系统的振动激励。
本发明提供的上述臂架振动特性测试系统通过对激振作动机构 300施 加激振信号以进行激励, 然后采集反映臂架振动情况的振动信号作为响应, 并根据激振信号和振动信号进行各种运算分析, 以得到臂架振动动态特性, 这些振动动态特性可以供振动特性优化时使用。
下面, 结合图 6说明本发明提供的臂架振动特性测试方法。 如图 6所 示, 该臂架振动特性测试方法包括: 激振步骤: 发出激振信号以执行激振; 信号采集步骤: 采集所述激振信号以及以该激振信号对臂架进行激振所得 到的臂架的振动信号, 并将所述激振信号和所述振动信号对应存储成一组 振动数据; 以及分析步骤: 调用所述振动数据并进行运算分析以获得臂架 的振动特性。
上述三个步骤分别由本发明提供的控制器 100中的激振控制单元 10、 信号采集单元 20、振动特性分析单元 30所执行, 由于前面已经对各单元的 工作原理进行了说明, 同样的内容在此不再赘述。
尤其需要说明的是,所发出激振信号被传送给激振作动机构 300。优选 情况下, 所述激振步骤还可以根据不同激振方式发出相应的激振信号。 如 上所述, 激振方式可以为: 臂节油缸激励和 /或泵送油缸激励, 也就是仅对 臂节油缸激励、 仅对泵送油缸激励或者对臂节油缸及泵送油缸双重激励, 其中臂节油缸激励又可以包括单臂节油缸激励和多臂节油缸激励。 另外, 优选情况下, 针对每种激振方式, 都包括三种激励模式, 分别为: 正弦扫 频模式、 正弦激励模式和脉冲激励模式。
然后, 将激振信号作为激励信号、 将振动信号作为响应信号对应存储 成一组振动数据。 如图 6 中虚线框中所示, 可以反复执行激振步骤和信号 采集步骤以得到多组振动数据, 以供分析步骤调用。
当如上所述选用不同的激振方式或激励模式时, 信号采集步骤存储振 动数据时还应将激振方式和激励模式的各参数对应于该组振动数据一同存 储, 以便于分析每种激振情况下所得到的不同的振动数据。 优选情况下, 所述信号采集步骤采集的臂架的振动信号是选定方向上的振动信号。 并且, 如果采集的臂架的振动信号为倾角信号和不同方向的振动信号, 还可以根 据倾角信号将振动信号转换成给定方向上的振动信号。
然后, 所述分析步骤批量调用存储的振动数据进行各种运算分析以获 得臂架的各种振动特性, 例如频率响应特性 (包括幅频响应特性和相频响 应特性)、 相干函数、 固有频率、 阻尼比等等, 以用于对臂架振动特性的分 析。 另外, 还可以生成臂架振动特性的曲线图。 其中频率响应特性和相干 函数的计算与前面介绍的相同。
具体而言, 在计算频率响应特性时, 所述分析步骤包括:
将调用的振动数据中的激振信号作为振动系统的激励信号琳将振动 信号作为响应信号 < 按照公式 (1 ) 或公式 (2) 计算频响函数
Figure imgf000012_0001
其中, 为 χ 的自功率谱, 为;^的自功率谱, 和 分别为 χ 与; < 与 xf^的互功率谱, Γ为记录样本时间长度, M为样 本数, x ω,τ、、 分别表示记录样本时间长度为: Γ的记录样本 χ 、 的傅立叶变换; χ' ω'τ)、 · ( 分别表示 、 m的共轭函数。 在计算相干函数时, 所述分析步骤包括:
将调用的振动数据中的激振信号作为振动系统的激励信号 x(t) ,将振动 信号作为响应信号; < 按照公式 (3 ) 计算相干函数 (iy) :
Figure imgf000013_0001
公式 ( 3 ) 其中, 为 x 的自功率谱, 为; 的自功率谱, Gyx(co)为 y(t) 与 χ 的互功率谱, Γ为记录样本时间长度, Μ为样本数, χ ω'Γ 、 ^ ^ 分别表示记录样本时间长度为 Τ 的记录样本 x(t)、 的傅立叶变换; χ;(ωτ 、 ^^ 分别表示 7^、 的共轭函数。 优选情况下, 所述分析步骤还包括: 将相干函数 ( 的值与一判断阈 值进行比较, 当相干函数 的值大于或等于该判断阈值时, 则判断振动 数据的质量合格, 而当相干函数 的值小于该判断阈值时, 则判断振动 数据的质量不合格。 对于质量不合格的数据, 予以剔除, 并重新采集。
另外, 所述分析步骤优选还包括: 接收臂架的姿态信号, 并对应于振 动特性存储。 所述姿态信号包括各臂节相对于水平面的倾角和 /或臂架相对 于回转台轴线的回转角度。
以上结合附图详细描述了本发明的优选实施方式, 但是, 本发明并不 限于上述实施方式中的具体细节, 在本发明的技术构思范围内, 可以对本 发明的技术方案进行多种简单变型, 这些简单变型均属于本发明的保护范 围。
另外需要说明的是, 在上述具体实施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特 征, 在不矛盾的情况下, 可以通过任何合适的方式进行组合, 为了避免不 必要的重复, 本发明对各种可能的组合方式不再另行说明。
此外, 本发明的各种不同的实施方式之间也可以进行任意组合, 只要 其不违背本发明的思想, 其同样应当视为本发明所公开的内容。

Claims

权利要求
1. 一种用于臂架振动特性测试的控制器, 该控制器 (100) 包括: 激振控制单元 (10), 用于发出激振信号以执行激振;
信号采集单元 (20), 用于采集所述激振控制单元 (10) 发出的所述激 振信号以及以该激振信号对臂架进行激振所得到的臂架的振动信号, 并将所 述激振信号和所述振动信号对应存储成一组振动数据; 以及
振动特性分析单元 (30), 用于调用信号采集单元 (20) 存储的振动数 据并进行运算分析以获得臂架的振动特性。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的控制器, 其中, 所述激振控制单元 (10) 根 据不同激振方式发出相应的激振信号, 所述激振方式为: 臂节油缸激励和 / 或泵送油缸激励。
3. 根据权利要求 2所述的控制器, 其中, 所述信号采集单元 (20) 还 将激振方式和激励模式的各参数对应于振动数据一同存储。
4. 根据权利要求 1所述的控制器, 其中, 所述信号采集单元 (20) 采 集的臂架的振动信号是选定方向上的振动信号。
5. 根据权利要求 4所述的控制器, 其中, 所述信号采集单元 (20) 采 集的臂架的振动信号为倾角信号和不同方向的振动信号, 并根据倾角信号将 振动信号转换成给定方向上的振动信号。
6. 根据权利要求 1所述的控制器, 其中, 所述振动特性分析单元(30) 用于获得臂架的频率响应特性、相干函数、固有频率、阻尼比中的至少一者。
7. 根据权利要求 6所述的控制器, 其中, 所述振动特性分析单元(30) 用于将调用的振动数据中的激振信号作为振动系统的激励信号 x(t), 将振动 信号作为响应信号; Y0, 按照公式 (1) 或公式 (2) 计算频响函数 ^ :
公式 (1)
Figure imgf000016_0001
公式 (2) 其中, ^为 x 的自功率谱, 为; 的自功率谱, 和 分别为 xf^与; ^、; 与 x 的互功率谱, Γ为记录样本时间长度, M为样本 数, ΧΛω,Τ)、 分别表示记录样本时间长度为: r的记录样本 x 、 的傅立叶变换; Χ 'Τ 分别表示 、 m的共轭函数。
8. 根据权利要求 6所述的控制器, 其中, 所述振动特性分析单元(30) 将调用的振动数据中的激振信号作为振动系统的激励信号 x(t), 将振动信号 作为响应信号 Λ 按照公式 (3) 计算相干函数
Figure imgf000016_0002
公式 (3) 其中, 为 x 的自功率谱, 为; 的自功率谱, 0 )为 y(t) 与 χ 的互功率谱, Γ为记录样本时间长度, M为样本数, χ ω,τ)、 ^ ^Τ) 分别表示记录样本时间长度为 Γ的记录样本 x 、_y 的傅立叶变换; Χ ω, 、 分别表示 、 Υ' 的共轭函数。
9. 根据权利要求 8所述的控制器, 其中, 所述振动特性分析单元(30) 还用于将相干函数 的值与一判断阈值进行比较, 当相干函数 的值 大于或等于该判断阈值时,则判断振动数据的质量合格,而当相干函数 ) 的值小于该判断阈值时, 则判断振动数据的质量不合格。
10. 根据权利要求 1所述的控制器, 其中, 所述振动特性分析单元(30) 还接收臂架的姿态信号, 并将姿态信号与臂架的振动特性对应存储。
11. 一种臂架振动特性测试系统, 该系统包括:
根据权利要求 1-10 中任一项权利要求所述的用于臂架振动特性测试的 控制器 ( 100);
臂架振动监测单元(200), 用于检测臂架的振动情况, 生成振动信号并 输出到所述用于臂架振动特性测试的控制器(100)中的信号采集单元(20); 以及
激振作动机构(300), 用于接收从所述用于臂架振动特性测试的控制器 ( 100) 中的激振控制单元 (10) 发出的激振信号并根据该激振信号进行激 振。
12. 根据权利要求 11所述的系统, 其中, 所述臂架振动监测单元(200) 包括第一振动传感器 (201 )、 第二振动传感器 (202) 和倾角传感器 (203 ), 其中第一振动传感器(201 )与第二振动传感器(202)的检测方向彼此正交, 倾角传感器 (203 ) 用于检测臂架与水平面之间的夹角。
13. 根据权利要求 11所述的系统, 其中, 该系统还包括臂架姿态监测 单元(400), 用于检测臂架的姿态, 生成姿态信号并输出到所述用于臂架振 动特性测试的控制器 (100) 中的振动特性分析单元 (30)。
14. 根据权利要求 13所述的系统, 其中, 所述姿态信号包括各臂节相 对于水平面的倾角和 /或臂架相对于回转台轴线的回转角度。
15. 一种臂架振动特性测试方法, 该方法包括:
激振步骤: 发出激振信号以执行激振;
信号采集步骤:采集所述激振信号以及以该激振信号对臂架进行激振所 得到的臂架的振动信号, 并将所述激振信号和所述振动信号对应存储成一组 振动数据; 以及
分析步骤: 调用所述振动数据并进行运算分析以获得臂架的振动特性。
16. 根据权利要求 15所述的方法, 其中, 所述激振步骤根据不同激振 方式发出相应的激振信号,所述激振方式为:臂节油缸激励和 /或泵送油缸激 励。
17. 根据权利要求 16所述的方法, 其中, 信号采集步骤还将激振方式 和激励模式的各参数对应于振动数据一同存储。
18. 根据权利要求 15所述的方法, 其中, 所述信号采集步骤采集的臂 架的振动信号是选定方向上的振动信号。
19. 根据权利要求 18所述的方法, 其中, 所述信号采集步骤采集的臂 架的振动信号为倾角信号和不同方向的振动信号, 并根据倾角信号将振动信 号转换成给定方向上的振动信号。
20. 根据权利要求 15所述的方法, 其中, 反复执行激振步骤和信号采 集步骤以得到多组振动数据。
21. 根据权利要求 15所述的方法, 其中, 所述分析步骤用于获得臂架 的频率响应特性、 相干函数、 固有频率、 阻尼比中的至少一者。
22. 根据权利要求 21所述的方法, 其中, 所述分析步骤包括: 将调用的振动数据中的激振信号作为振动系统的激励信号 将振动 信号作为响应信号; Y0, 按照公式 (1 ) 或公式 (2) 计算频响函数 ^ :
公式 ( 1 )
Figure imgf000019_0001
公式 (2) 其中, G„f ^为 x 的自功率谱, 为; 的自功率谱, Gx/ 和 分别为 xf^与; 、 与 χ 的互功率谱, Γ为记录样本时间长度, M为样本 数, χΛω,τ)、 分别表示记录样本时间长度为: r的记录样本 x 、 的傅立叶变换; x; (^ 分别表示 、 m的共轭函数。
23. 根据权利要求 21所述的方法, 其中, 所述分析步骤包括: 将调用的振动数据中的激振信号作为振动系统的激励信号 x , 将振动 信号作为响应信号; Y0, 按照公式 (3 ) 计算相干函数 ): 公式 ( 3 ) 其中, 为 x 的自功率谱, 为; 的自功率谱, 0 )为 y(t) 与 χ 的互功率谱, Γ为记录样本时间长度, M为样本数, ^ ^ 分别表示记录样本时间长度为 Γ的记录样本 x 、_y 的傅立叶变换; χ ω,τ、、 分别表示 、 Υ' 的共轭函数。
24. 根据权利要求 23所述的方法, 其中, 所述分析步骤还包括: 将相干函数 的值与一判断阈值进行比较, 当相干函数 的值大 于或等于该判断阈值时,则判断振动数据的质量合格,而当相干函数 的 值小于该判断阈值时, 则判断振动数据的质量不合格。
25. 根据权利要求 15所述的方法, 其中, 所述分析步骤还包括: 接收臂架的姿态信号, 并将姿态信号与臂架的振动特性对应存储。
26. 根据权利要求 25所述的方法, 其中, 所述姿态信号包括各臂节相 对于水平面的倾角和 /或臂架相对于回转台轴线的回转角度。
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