WO2013104089A1 - 晶体生长的温度梯度控制装置及其方法 - Google Patents

晶体生长的温度梯度控制装置及其方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013104089A1
WO2013104089A1 PCT/CN2012/000268 CN2012000268W WO2013104089A1 WO 2013104089 A1 WO2013104089 A1 WO 2013104089A1 CN 2012000268 W CN2012000268 W CN 2012000268W WO 2013104089 A1 WO2013104089 A1 WO 2013104089A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
crucible
sleeve
layer
temperature gradient
crystal growth
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2012/000268
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘朝轩
Original Assignee
洛阳金诺机械工程有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201210020279.0A external-priority patent/CN103160934B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201210028171.6A external-priority patent/CN103243378B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201210049146.6A external-priority patent/CN103290485B/zh
Application filed by 洛阳金诺机械工程有限公司 filed Critical 洛阳金诺机械工程有限公司
Publication of WO2013104089A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013104089A1/zh

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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C30CRYSTAL GROWTH
    • C30BSINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C30B35/00Apparatus not otherwise provided for, specially adapted for the growth, production or after-treatment of single crystals or of a homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C30CRYSTAL GROWTH
    • C30BSINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C30B11/00Single-crystal growth by normal freezing or freezing under temperature gradient, e.g. Bridgman-Stockbarger method
    • C30B11/003Heating or cooling of the melt or the crystallised material

Definitions

  • Temperature gradient control device and method thereof for growing crystal material application number
  • Temperature gradient control structure and method formed by multi-layer simplification during crystal growth application number, 201210028171. 6, application 2 February 9, 2012;
  • a temperature guiding device and method for growing crystal materials application number, 201210049146. 6, application date February 29, 2012.
  • the present invention relates to an auxiliary temperature control device for a crystal material growth apparatus, and more particularly to a temperature gradient control device for growing crystals such as sapphire, polycrystalline silicon or single crystal silicon and a method therefor.
  • the heating temperature is controlled by the crucible, and the bottom is disposed at the bottom of the crucible.
  • the seed crystals align the crystals that are melted and newly grown around the seed crystal according to the grain arrangement of the seed crystals: wherein when the seed crystal is a single crystal, the silicon atoms of the newly grown crystal are arranged in a diamond lattice into a plurality of crystal nucleuses, and these crystals are arranged. If the nucleus grows into the same crystal grain as the seed crystal plane, the newly grown crystal is monocrystalline silicon.
  • the seed crystal is polycrystalline
  • the nucleus grows into a crystal grain with a different orientation from the seed crystal plane.
  • the growing crystal is polysilicon; but this process must be done in a closed furnace.
  • the crucible in the furnace chamber needs to form a lower and higher temperature gradient.
  • the conventional equipment increases the heat absorption by changing the lower insulation effect of the crucible to form the lower and lower required crucible. High temperature gradient.
  • the crystal material in the crucible is heated and heated to reduce the melt temperature of the crumb by slightly higher than the melting point of 5 ⁇ 1 (TC ;
  • the low temperature is firstly the bottom of the crucible and the seed crystal disposed at the bottom of the crucible. As the seed crystal radiates toward the melted crystal material;
  • the molten crystal material will grow with the seed crystal as the core, and gradually grow the crystal filled with the entire ruthenium; this is the crystallization process of the crystal material.
  • the parts required for the above growth include: The bottom of the crucible must be tightly connected to the lower shaft to form a temperature conductor; the heat consumption is extremely high when the crucible is heated in the early stage; the crucible is heated during the heating process due to the placement angle. The heating is not uniform, so that the outer peripheral surface of the crucible is easy to form part of the heat closer to the vicinity, and the other is relatively cold relative to the hotter part. In this environment, non-uniform crystal nuclei appear.
  • the processing methods of sapphire include lifting method, enthalpy dropping method, guiding mode method, heat exchange method, bubble generation method, etc.
  • the above preparation methods adopt support rotation.
  • the scheme of driving the ⁇ synchronous rotation the crystallization process of the sapphire in the crucible is subjected to a microseismic phenomenon, causing a crystal shock phenomenon in the crystallization process to form a partial crystal dislocation, resulting in a decrease in quality.
  • the grown sapphire is prone to non-uniform crystal nuclei.
  • the present invention discloses a temperature gradient control device for crystal growth and a method thereof.
  • the present invention combines a cooling medium by a sleeve by adding an upper cover between the outer portion and the sleeve or the upper portion of the crucible.
  • the cooling mechanism enables the heat of the heating element to benefit the heat of the upper part of the crucible.
  • the thermal energy of the upper part of the crucible or the upper part of the crucible is gathered toward the upper part of the crystal material of the crucible, so that the upper crystal material acquires a relatively rapid temperature rise, and the temperature is realized. Control or temperature guidance to achieve temperature gradient control of crystal growth.
  • a temperature gradient control device for crystal growth comprising a furnace chamber, a heating element, a crucible, a sleeve, a cooling medium cooling mechanism, and a crucible is arranged in the furnace chamber, and a lower portion of the crucible is formed in the sleeve to form a small space independent of the furnace chamber.
  • a heating element is disposed outside the sleeve, and a cooling medium cooling mechanism is disposed in a small space in the lower portion of the sleeve; a low temperature region in the bottom portion of the crucible is obtained by a cooling medium cooling mechanism, and the temperature gradient of the lower temperature of the upper portion of the upper portion of the crucible is formed.
  • the temperature gradient control device for crystal growth is provided with a heat insulating cover in a furnace chamber outside the heating element.
  • the temperature gradient control device for crystal growth is a pot-shaped or cylindrical structure, and the pot-shaped sleeve is at least one, and the lower tube bottom of the pot-shaped sleeve is sleeved on the lower part of the lower shaft of the cooling medium cooling mechanism, the tube a lower sleeve is provided with a sleeve fixing ring, and an upper end of the lower shaft is connected with a lower portion of the cymbal; or the cylinder Description
  • the lower end of the sleeve is on the bottom of the furnace chamber or the bottom insulation layer, and a cooling medium cooling mechanism is arranged in the lower part of the cylindrical sleeve.
  • the temperature gradient control device for crystal growth is provided with a support ring between the sleeve and the upper portion of the crucible.
  • the outer edge of the joint between the upper end of the lower shaft and the lower portion of the lower sleeve is provided with a ⁇ fixing ring, and the lower portion of the lower shaft is connected with the cooling medium input and output device.
  • the lower shaft has a hollow structure from the upper portion to the lower end, and a pipe is disposed in the hollow of the lower shaft, and the inside of the pipeline is a cooling medium passage, and the cooling medium runs along the tube. After the upstream flow in the road, it flows back along the hollow structure between the pipeline and the lower shaft to form a bottom cooling structure of the crucible; or the outer portion between the pipeline and the hollow structure of the lower shaft is a cooling medium passage, and the cooling medium runs along the pipe.
  • the gap between the outer and the hollow structures in the lower shaft flows up and flows back along the pipeline to form another alternative structure for cooling the bottom of the crucible.
  • the temperature gradient control device for crystal growth wherein the cylindrical sleeve is at least one layer, the outer sleeve of the cylindrical sleeve and the lower portion of the inner cylinder are placed on the bottom plate or the bottom insulation layer of the furnace chamber; or the lower portion of the outer cylinder is placed on the bottom of the furnace chamber Or the bottom insulation layer, the bottom of the inner cylinder is provided with a bottom of the cylinder, and the bottom of the cylinder is sleeved on the upper part of the lower shaft; or the lower part of the outer cylinder is placed on the bottom floor or the bottom insulation layer of the furnace chamber, and a support plate having a cooling hole is arranged in the middle of the inner cylinder.
  • the lower part of the crucible is placed on the middle perforation of the support plate, so that the lower part of the crucible is exposed on the lower part of the support plate; or the lower part of the outer tube and the inner tube are respectively provided with the bottom of the tube, and the bottom part of the bottom of the outer tube is provided with an opening, the upper and lower ends of the bracket Corresponding to the opening and placing on the bottom or bottom insulation layer of the furnace chamber; the middle of the bottom of the inner cylinder is provided with an opening, the other bracket is arranged at the middle of the bracket, and the upper end of the other bracket is placed at the lower part of the opening of the bottom of the inner cylinder, and The lower end of one bracket is placed on the bottom plate or the bottom insulation layer of the furnace chamber, and the lower shaft or the inert gas injection hole is arranged on the bottom plate or the bottom insulation layer of the middle portion of the other bracket;
  • the upper part is provided with a supporting body, the upper part of the supporting body is provided with a perforation, the lower part of the
  • the temperature gradient control device for crystal growth is provided with a support ring between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder of the sleeve or integrated by the upper connecting ring.
  • the temperature gradient control device for crystal growth is provided with an upper cover at the upper end of the rhyme, and a heat conduction path is provided between the lower portion of the upper cover and the upper end of the crucible, and the thermal energy of the heating body is formed by the upper cover to gather toward the upper part of the crucible.
  • the heat conduction path guides the heating of the thermal energy to the upper portion of the inner crystal material, and the auxiliary sleeve obtains the upper portion of the crystal material in the crucible at a temperature higher than that of the inner portion of the crucible.
  • the temperature gradient control device for crystal growth wherein an outer edge of the upper cover extending to the periphery is provided at an outer edge of the upper cover, and a lower portion of the upper cover is placed at an upper end of the crucible; or placed at an upper end of the sleeve; or placed A heat conducting passage is provided between the lower portion of the upper cover and the upper end of the sleeve or the support ring between the upper portion of the support ring disposed between the weir and the sleeve.
  • the upper cover is a flat plate structure or a central upward convex structure or a central downward concave structure, and an outer edge of the upper cover disposed at an outer edge of the upper cover is outwardly connected by a central portion The horizontal structure; or the outer edge of the outer edge of the upper cover is upturned; or the outer edge of the outer edge of the upper cover is downwardly disposed.
  • the outer edge of the outer edge of the upper cover is provided with an upward annular protrusion, and the additional cover buckle forms a multilayer cover in the outer annular protrusion of the upper cover.
  • the heat conduction path is a lower ring of the upper cover, and the lower ring is provided with a plurality of slits, and the lower ring between the gap and the gap forms a leg.
  • the lower end of the leg is placed on the upper part of the crucible or the upper part of the support ring or the upper part of the sleeve, and a heat conduction path is formed by the gap.
  • the outer side or the inner side of the lower surface of the upper cover is provided with a plurality of slits at the upper end of the sleeve, and the plurality of slits form a heat conduction path.
  • the temperature gradient control device for crystal growth wherein the heat conduction path is provided with a ring between the lower portion of the upper cover and the crucible or the sleeve or the support ring, and a plurality of inner and outer heat conduction holes are distributed on the ring; or Set a plurality of gaps in the upper part of the ring; or set a plurality of holes in the lower part of the ring! Or the upper and lower portions of the ring are provided with a plurality of slits at the same time, and a plurality of heat-insulating passages or a plurality of slits are formed by the plurality of inner and outer thermal arches I or the plurality of slits.
  • the upper and lower ends of the ring are respectively provided with a step, and the steps are respectively an outer step or an inner step, and the outer step or the inner step at the upper end of the ring is engaged with the upper cover
  • the inner or outer side of the lower annular projection provided at the lower portion; the outer or inner step of the lower end of the ring is snapped onto the inner or outer side of the upper end of the cymbal or sleeve.
  • the sleeve and the upper cover are any one of tungsten or molybdenum or graphite; or a combination of tungsten and molybdenum; or a combination of molybdenum and graphite; or a combination of tungsten and graphite to form two a composite layer; or a three-layer composite layer composed of tungsten and molybdenum and graphite; or a tungsten layer in the middle of the molybdenum layer; or a molybdenum layer in the middle of the tungsten layer; or a tungsten layer in the middle of the graphite layer inside or outside; or
  • the middle part of the tungsten layer is a graphite layer; or the inner part is a molybdenum layer in the middle of the graphite layer; or the inner part is a graphite layer in the middle of the molybdenum layer to form a three-layer composite layer; or the tungsten layer and the molybden
  • the sleeve is a single-layer sleeve or a multi-layer sleeve, and a heating element is arranged outside the sleeve.
  • the upper end of the sleeve At the upper end of the upper end of the crucible and the crucible sleeve or the same height, the base is provided in the crucible There is a seed crystal, a crystal material is placed on the seed crystal, and a cooling medium cooling mechanism is arranged at a lower portion of the crucible; the heating body is respectively connected to the positive and negative poles of the power source, and the heating element radiates heat to the sleeve, and the crystal material of the upper part of the crucible is also synchronized.
  • Heating the crystalline material in the upper part of the crucible benefits the most, the heating rate is also significantly faster than the crystal material and seed crystal in the lower part of the crucible, and the single-layer sleeve or multi-layer sleeve transfers heat to the crucible;
  • the lower part of the lower part of the lower part of the lower part of the lower part of the lower part of the lower part of the lower part of the lower part of the crucible is melted. Said and gradually melted downwards, when the crystal material in the crucible is completely melted, the upper end of the seed crystal also begins to melt and melt, due to the low temperature book of the lower part of the crucible
  • the role of the zone the melting of the seed crystal is significantly later than the melting rate of the crystalline material in the upper part of the seed crystal; then the temperature of the heating element is lowered, and the low temperature of the low temperature zone is transferred to the crucible, so that the crucible slowly and uniformly cools from the bottom to the upper part to form a temperature gradient.
  • the crystal material melted in the crucible is grown and crystallized from the bottom seed crystal to obtain a block of crystal material.
  • the temperature gradient control method for crystal growth in order to obtain more thermal energy from the upper crystal material of the crucible in the previous step, an upper cover is provided at the upper end of the crucible, and a heat conduction is provided between the lower portion of the upper cover and the upper end of the crucible.
  • the cooling medium cooling mechanism is a lower shaft cooling, and the cooling medium connected in the lower shaft is water or helium, neon, argon, helium, neon, nitrogen, Any of Freon or Xenon.
  • the inert gas is helium, neon, argon, helium, neon, nitrogen, fluorine.
  • the temperature gradient control device for crystal growth according to the present invention and the method thereof, wherein the crucible is disposed in a single-layer or multi-layer sleeve by placing the crucible in the furnace chamber, and the lower end of the single-layer or multi-layer sleeve is at the bottom of the furnace chamber or The bottom insulating layer or the lower end of the multi-layer sleeve is on the support ring, and the support ring is located at the bottom of the furnace chamber or the insulating layer of the i part, forming a lower independent space of the crucible; when the heating element is heated to the crucible, the crucible is introduced into the crucible.
  • the cold air of the lower cooling medium cooling mechanism will be in the multi-layer sleeve, and the maximum possible cooling energy will not be leaked; at this time, the heating element is also affected by the cold energy, which not only realizes the upper part temperature but also the lower temperature bottom.
  • the temperature gradient is obvious, and the energy saving effect is obvious; the invention also utilizes the upper cover added on the upper part of the crucible to form the thermal energy of the heating element to gather to the upper part of the crystal material in the crucible, so that the upper crystal material can obtain a better temperature rise; the invention has a simple structure. Not only can it ensure that the non-uniform crystal nucleus rarely appears, but also the heat energy dissipated in the upper part of the heating element is effectively utilized. Obtaining a crystalline material portion above the lower portion of the crystalline material of the crucible temperature to achieve the purpose of guiding and maximizing temperature heat utilization.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a single layer sleeve of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the multilayer sleeve of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic structural view of a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural view of a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural view of a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the temperature guiding structure formed by the upper cover and the sleeve of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view showing the upper cover, the sleeve and the formed annular temperature guiding structure of the present invention.
  • furnace chamber 1, heat preservation cover; 3, heating body; 4, sleeve; 4. 1, outer cylinder; 4. 2, inner cylinder; 5, ⁇ ; 6, crystal material; 7, seed 8.
  • ⁇ fixed ring; 9, lower shaft; 10, sleeve fixing ring; 1 cooling medium passage; 12, pipeline; 13, furnace chamber bottom or bottom insulation layer; 14 support ring; 15 upper connecting ring 16, the bottom of the tube; 17, additional cover; 18, the outer edge of the upper cover; 19, the lower ring; 20, the gap; 21, the cold hole; 22, the support; 23, the cooling medium; 24, the bracket; 26, support plate; 27, upper cover; 28, lower annular protrusion; 29, step; 30, ring; 31, inert gas injection hole; 32, hot guide hole.
  • the temperature gradient control device for crystal growth includes the furnace chamber 1, the heating element 3, the crucible 5, the sleeve 4, and the cooling medium cooling mechanism.
  • the furnace chamber 1 is provided with ⁇ 5, ⁇ 5.
  • the lower part is formed in the sleeve 4 to form a small space independent of the furnace chamber 1.
  • the heating element 3 is disposed outside the sleeve 4, and the heat preservation cover 2 is disposed in the furnace chamber 1 outside the heating element 3.
  • the number of ⁇ 5 provided in the furnace chamber 1 is optional; that is, a single ⁇ 5, when the small furnace chamber 1 is grown by producing a single ⁇ 5 crystal, the furnace The chamber 1 can replace the heat insulating cover 2.
  • the heat generating body 3 disposed at each of the ⁇ 5 and the outside needs to be covered by the heat insulating cover 2 to form an independent growth space, the sleeve 4
  • the lower small space is provided with a cooling medium cooling mechanism; the bottom temperature low temperature zone is obtained by the cooling medium cooling mechanism, and the low temperature zone forms a temperature gradient of the upper temperature of the upper part of the upper part of the crucible.
  • the sleeve 4 has a pot shape or a cylindrical structure, and the pot sleeve 4 is at least one. Description
  • the lower bottom 16 of the pot sleeve 4 is sleeved on the upper part of the lower shaft 9 of the cooling medium cooling mechanism, and the lower shaft 9 at the lower part of the bottom 16 is provided with a sleeve fixing ring 10, and the upper end of the lower shaft 9 is connected with the lower portion of the crucible 5;
  • the lower end of the cylindrical sleeve 4 is on the furnace floor or the bottom insulation layer 13, and a cooling medium cooling mechanism is disposed at a lower portion of the cylindrical sleeve 4;
  • a support ring 14 is disposed between the sleeve 4 and the upper portion of the crucible
  • the outer edge of the lower end of the lower shaft 9 and the lower portion of the crucible 5 is provided with a crucible fixing ring 8, and the lower portion of the lower shaft 9 is connected to the input and output means of the cooling medium 23.
  • the lower shaft 9 has a hollow structure from the upper portion to the lower end, and a pipe 12 is disposed in the hollow of the lower shaft 9, and the inside of the pipe 12 is a cooling medium passage 11,
  • the cooling medium 23 flows back along the pipe 12 and flows back along the hollow structure of the pipe 12 and the lower shaft 9 to form a bottom cooling structure of the crucible; or between the pipe 12 and the hollow structure of the lower shaft 9.
  • the outside is a cooling medium passage 11, and the cooling medium 23 flows up along the gap between the outer portion of the pipeline 12 and the hollow structure in the lower shaft 9, and then flows back along the pipeline 12 to form another alternative structure for cooling the bottom of the crucible.
  • the lower portion of the tubular sleeve 4 is at least one layer, the outer sleeve 4.1 of the cylindrical sleeve 4 and the inner tube 4. 2 are placed on the bottom of the furnace chamber or the bottom insulation layer 13;
  • the lower part of the outer tube is placed on the bottom of the furnace chamber or the bottom insulation layer 13, the bottom of the inner tube is provided with a bottom 16 of the bottom, the bottom 16 of the bottom of the cylinder is placed on the upper part of the lower shaft 9;
  • a central portion of the inner cylinder 4.2 is provided with a support plate 26 having a cooling hole 21, and a lower portion of the crucible 5 is placed on the central perforation 25 of the support plate 26 to expose the lower portion of the crucible 5 to the support.
  • the lower portion of the plate 26 is provided with an opening 16 in the lower portion of the outer tube 4.1, and an opening is provided in the middle of the bottom portion 16 of the outer tube 4.1.
  • the upper end of a bracket 24 is placed on the lower portion of the opening of the inner cylinder 4.2 inner bottom tube 16.
  • the lower end of the other bracket 24 is placed on the furnace floor or the bottom insulation layer 13, and the bottom of the other bracket 24 is at the bottom or bottom of the furnace chamber.
  • the lower portion of the bottom portion of the bottom portion of the bottom portion of the bottom portion of the bottom portion of the bottom portion of the tube portion 16 is provided with a support body 22, and the upper portion of the support body 22 is provided with a perforation 25, 5 ⁇ Or integrated by the upper connecting ring 15.
  • the temperature gradient control device for crystal growth is provided with an upper cover 27 at the upper end of the crucible 5, a heat conduction path between the lower portion of the upper cover 27 and the upper end of the crucible 5, and the heat generating body 3 is formed by the upper cover 27 book
  • the thermal energy is directed to heat the upper portion of the crystal material 6 in the crucible 5, and the auxiliary sleeve 4 obtains the crystal material 6 in the upper portion of the crystal material 6 in the crucible 5 which is higher than the lower portion of the crucible 5;
  • the outer edge of the upper cover 27 is provided with an outer cover outer edge 18 extending to the periphery, a lower portion of the upper cover 27 is placed at the upper end of the crucible 5; or placed at the upper end of the sleeve 4; or placed on the crucible 5 and the sleeve 4
  • a heat conducting passage is disposed between the lower portion of the support ring 14 and the lower portion of the upper cover 27 and the upper end of the sleeve 4 or the support ring 14;
  • the upper cover 27 is a flat plate structure or a central upward convex structure or a middle portion downward
  • the recessed structure, the outer cover outer edge 18 provided on the outer edge of the upper cover 27 is horizontal
  • the heat conduction path is provided with a lower ring 19 at a lower portion of the upper cover 27, and the lower ring 19 is provided with a plurality of slits 20, and a lower portion between the gap 20 and the gap 20.
  • the ring 19 forms a leg, and the lower end of the leg is placed on the upper part of the crucible 5 or the upper part of the support ring 14 or the upper part of the sleeve 4, and the heat conduction path is formed by the gap; or the heat conduction path is the top end of the sleeve 4
  • a plurality of slits 20 are formed at the upper end of the sleeve 4, and the plurality of slits 20 form a heat conduction path; or the heat conduction path is on the upper cover 27
  • a ring 30 is disposed between the lower portion and the cymbal 5 or the sleeve 4 or the support ring 14 , and a plurality of inner and outer heat guiding holes 32 are distributed on the ring 30; or a plurality of slits 20 are disposed on the upper portion of the ring 30; or A plurality of slits 20 are disposed in the lower
  • the inner step, the outer step or the inner step of the upper end of the ring 30 is engaged with the inner side or the outer side of the lower annular protrusion 28 provided at the lower portion of the upper cover 27; the outer step or the inner step of the lower end of the ring 30
  • the card is attached to the inner or outer side of the upper end of the crucible 5 or the sleeve 4.
  • the temperature gradient control device for crystal growth, the sleeve 4 or the inner cylinder 4.2 and the outer cylinder 4.1 and the upper cover 27 are any one of tungsten or molybdenum or graphite; or a combination of tungsten and molybdenum Or a combination of molybdenum and graphite; or a combination of tungsten and graphite to form a two-layer composite layer; or a three-layer composite layer consisting of tungsten and molybdenum and graphite; or a tungsten layer in the middle of the molybdenum layer; or a molybdenum layer in the middle of the tungsten layer Or the inside and outside is a tungsten layer in the middle of the graphite layer; or a graphite layer in the middle of the tungsten layer inside or outside; or a molybdenum layer in the middle of the graphite layer inside or outside; or a graphite layer in the middle of the molybdenum layer to form a three-
  • the sleeve 4 is a single layer sleeve 4 or a multilayer sleeve 4, in the sleeve 4
  • the heating element 3 is disposed outside, the upper end of the sleeve 4 is slightly higher than the upper end of the crucible 5 or the sleeve 4 is at the same height as the upper end of the crucible 5, and the bottom of the crucible 5 is provided with a seed crystal 7 disposed on the seed crystal 7
  • the lower portion of the crystal material 6 and the crucible 5 is provided with a cooling medium cooling mechanism; the heating element 3 is respectively connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the power source, and the heating element 3 radiates and heats the sleeve 4, and simultaneously heats the crystal material 6 at the upper portion of the crucible 5,
  • the crystal material 6 in the upper part of the crucible 5 benefits the most, the heating rate is also significantly faster than the crystal material 6 and the seed crystal 7 in the lower part of the crucible 5, and the single layer sle
  • the second is to melt the crystal material 6 in the upper part of the crucible 5, and gradually melt down, when the crystal material 6 in the crucible 5 is completely melted, the upper end of the seed crystal 7 also begins to partially melt, Due to the low temperature zone in the lower part of the crucible 5, the seed crystal 7 melts significantly faster than the melting rate of the crystal material 6 in the upper portion of the seed crystal 7; then the temperature of the heating element 3 is lowered, and the low temperature in the low temperature region is transmitted to the crucible 5, so that the crucible 5 is From the bottom to the upper part, the temperature is gradually and uniformly cooled to form a temperature gradient. The crystal material 6 melted in the crucible 5 is crystallized from the bottom seed crystal 7 to obtain a crystal material block.
  • an upper cover 27 is provided at the upper end of the crucible 5, and the lower portion of the upper cover 27 and the lower portion of the upper cover 27 A heat conduction path is provided between the upper ends.
  • the cooling medium cooling mechanism cools the lower shaft 9, and the cooling medium connected in the lower shaft 9 is water or helium, neon, argon, helium, neon, Any of nitrogen, freon or helium.
  • the inert gas is helium, neon, argon, helium, neon, nitrogen, freon or krypton. Any of the gases.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Metallurgy (AREA)
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Abstract

一种晶体生长的温度梯度控制装置及其方法,涉及一种晶体材料生长设备的辅助温控装置,包括炉室(1)、发热体(3)、坩埚(5)、套筒(4)、冷却介质降温机构,在炉室(1)内的坩埚设置在套筒的中部形成套筒(4)对坩埚下部的独立空间,坩埚下部的套筒空间中设有冷却介质降温机构,由冷却介质降温机构对坩埚的下部降温,使坩埚下部形成低温区;本发明通过在坩埚外部与套筒之间或坩埚上部添加上盖,由套筒结合冷却介质降温机构使发热体的热能让坩埚上部的热受益高于坩埚下部或上盖形成发热体热能向坩埚内晶体材料的上部聚拢,使上部的晶体材料获取较快的温度上升,实现了温度的控制或温度引导,实现晶体生长的温度梯度控制。

Description

说 明 书 晶体生长的温度梯度控制装置及其方法
相关专利申请的交叉引用- 中国专利申请:
一种生长晶体材料时的温度梯度控制装置及其方法, 申请号、
201210翻 279. 0, 申请曰 2012年 1月 10 0;
晶体生长时利用多层套简形成的温度梯度控制结构及方法, 申请号、 201210028171. 6, 申请曰 2012年 2月 9日;
一种生长晶体材料时的温度引导装置及其方法, 申请号、 201210049146. 6, 申请日 2012年 2月 29日。
上述三项专利申请的权利, 通过引用将全部内容清楚地并入本申请。 【技术领域】
本发明涉及一种晶体材料生长设备的辅助温控装置, 具体地说本发明涉 及一种生长蓝宝石、多晶硅或单晶硅等晶体生长的温度梯度控制装置及其方 法。
【背景技术】
在多晶硅、 单晶硅或蓝宝石等晶体材料生长过程中, 其中多晶硅碎料在 坩埚中生长成为多晶硅锭以及多晶硅转换为单晶硅时,通过对坩埚的加热温 度控制, 并利用设置在坩埚底部的籽晶, 使融化并围绕籽晶新生长的晶体按 照籽晶的晶粒排列方式进行排列: 其中籽晶为单晶时, 新生长晶体的硅原子 以金刚石晶格排列成许多晶核, 这些晶核长成与籽晶晶面取向相同的晶粒, 则新生长的晶体就是单晶硅; 若籽晶为多晶时, 这些晶核长成与籽晶晶面取 向不同的晶粒, 则新生长的晶体就是多晶硅; 但是这个过程必须是在一个密 闭的炉体内完成的。 说 明 书 在新晶体生长的过程中, 炉室内的坩埚需要形成下低上高的温度梯度, 为了形成温度梯度, 传统设备通过改变坩埚的下部保温效果, 增加热量的散 失以便形成坩埚所需的下低上高的温度梯度。
也有技术是通过在下轴内通入液氦等低温流体, 由低温流体实现带走坩 埚下部热量的目的, 从而形成坩埚上下的温度差 "温度梯度"的效果; 以热 交换法为例, 其生长方法为:
A、首先通过加热体加热熔化坩埚内的晶体材料碎料,使碎料熔体温度保 持略高于熔点 5〜1(TC ;
B、 待坩埚底部设置的籽晶上端部分被熔化时 "这时晶体材料碎料也已 经融化",开始缓慢下降炉室内的温度 "同时也使坩埚的温度降低, 以便融 化的晶体材料碎料结晶";
C、 对炉室内坩埚底部的下轴注入氦气, 通过下轴的温度传递对坩埚底 部进行强制冷却,这一过程中首先感知低温的是坩埚底部以及设置在坩埚内 底部的籽晶, 低温会随着籽晶向融化的晶体材料碎料辐射;
D、 融化的晶体材料就会以籽晶为核心,逐渐生长出充满整个坩埚的晶 体; 这便是晶体材料的结晶过程。
上述方式在生长时所需要件包括: 坩埚的底部必须与下轴紧密连接, 形 成温度导体; 前期加热坩埚时耗热量极大; 坩埚在加热过程中由于摆放角度 的原因, 使得加热体对于坩埚的加热不均匀, 使得坩埚四周的外缘面容易形 成部分距离较近处较热, 其它相对于较热部分的温度较冷, 这种环境下便会 出现非均匀晶核。
同理, 蓝宝石的加工方法包括提拉法、坩埚下降法、导模法、热交换法、 泡生法等, 针对目前对蓝宝石制备的方法, 以上制备方法都采用支撑体旋转 带动坩埚同步旋转的方案,坩埚内的蓝宝石结晶过程受到微震使得结晶过程 出现晶震现象而形成部分晶体错位, 造成品质下降。 即使是温度梯度法生长 蓝宝石, 也会出现坩埚在加热过程中摆放角度的偏差, 使得加热体对于坩埚 的加热不均匀., 生长 的蓝宝石容易出现非均匀晶核。
【发明内容】
为了克服背景技术中的不足, 本发明公开了一种晶体生长的温度梯度控 制装置及其方法, 本发明通过在坩说埚外部与套筒之间或坩埚上部添加上盖, 由套筒结合冷却介质降温机构使发热体的热能让坩埚上部的热受益高于坩 埚下部或上盖形成发热体热能向坩埚内晶书体材料的上部聚拢,使上部的晶体 材料获取较快的温度上升, 实现了温度的控制或温度引导, 实现晶体生长的 温度梯度控制。
为了实现上述发明的目的, 本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种晶体生长的温度梯度控制装置, 包括炉室、 发热体、 坩埚、 套筒、 冷却介质降温机构, 在炉室内设有坩埚, 坩埚的下部处于套筒内形成独立于 炉室的小空间, 在套筒外部设有发热体, 所述套筒下部小空间设有冷却介质 降温机构; 由冷却介质降温机构获取坩埚底部低温区, 所述低温区形成坩埚 上部温度高下部温度底的温度梯度。
所述的晶体生长的温度梯度控制装置, 在发热体外部的炉室中设有保温 罩。
所述的晶体生长的温度梯度控制装置, 套筒为锅形或筒形结构, 锅形套 筒为至少一个, 所述锅形套筒的下部筒底套在冷却介质降温机构下轴上部, 筒底下部的下轴上设有套筒固定环, 下轴上端与坩埚的下部连接; 或所述筒 说 明 书
形套筒下端处于炉室底板或底部保温层上,在筒形套筒内的下部设置冷却介 质降温机构。
所述的晶体生长的温度梯度控制装置, 在套筒与坩埚的上部之间设有支 撑环。
所述的晶体生长的温度梯度控制装置, 下轴上端与坩埚下部的连接处外 缘套有坩埚固定环, 下轴下部连接冷却介质输入和输出装置。
所述的晶体生长的温度梯度控制装置, 所述下轴内由上部至下端为空心 结构, 在下轴的空心中设有管路, 所述管路的内部为冷却介质通路, 冷却介 质顺着管路内上流后沿着管路与下轴的空心结构之间回流,形成坩埚的底部 降温结构; 或所述管路与下轴的空心结构之间的外部为冷却介质通路, 冷却 介质顺着管路外与下轴内的空心结构之间间隙上流后沿着管路内回流,形成 坩埚的底部降温另一替换结构。
所述的晶体生长的温度梯度控制装置, 筒形套筒为至少一层, 筒形套筒 外筒和内筒下部放置在炉室底板或底部保温层上;或外筒下部放置在炉室底 板或底部保温层上, 内筒下部设有筒底, 筒底套在下轴的上部; 或外筒下部 放置在炉室底板或底部保温层上, 内筒的中部设置具有散冷孔的支撑板, 坩 埚下部放在支撑板的中部穿孔上, 使坩埚的下部裸露在支撑板的下部; 或外 筒和内筒下部分别设有筒底, 在外筒的筒底中部设有开口, 支架的上下两端 分别对应开口和放置在炉室底板或底部保温层上;在内筒的筒底中部设有开 口, 另一支架设置在支架中部, 另一支架的上端顶在内筒筒底的开口下部, 另一支架的下端放置在炉室底板或底部保温层上,在另一支架中部炉室底板 或底部保温层上设有下轴或惰性气体注入孔;所述内筒的筒底中部穿孔开口 上部设有支撑体, 所述支撑体上部设有穿孔, 坩埚下部放在支撑板的中部穿 孔上, 在支撑体上设有复数个散冷孔。 所述的晶体生长的温度梯度控制装置, 在套筒的外筒和内筒之间设有支 撑环或通过上连接环形成一体。 所述的晶体生长的温度梯度控制装置, 在坩埚韵上端设有上盖, 上盖:的 下部与坩埚的上端之间设有导热通路, 由上盖形成发热体热能向坩埚上部的 聚拢, 由导热通路引导热能向坩埚说内晶体材料上部的加热, 辅助套筒获取坩 埚内晶体材料上部的温度高于坩埚内下部的晶体材料。
所述的晶体生长的温度梯度控制装置, 在上盖的外缘设有向四周延伸的 上盖外沿, 上盖的下部放置在所述坩埚的上端; 或放置在套筒的上端; 或放 置在坩埚与套筒之间设置的支撑环上部,上盖的下部与套筒或支撑环的上端 之间设有导热通路。 所述的晶体生长的温度梯度控制装置, 所述上盖为平板结构或中部向上 凸起结构或中部向下凹陷结构,在上盖外缘设置的上盖外沿由中部连接处向 外方为水平结构;或上盖外沿的外缘为上翘;或上盖外沿的外缘为向下设置。 所述的晶体生长的温度梯度控制装置, 所述上盖外沿的外缘设置有向上 环形凸起, 附加盖扣在上盖外沿环形凸起中形成多层盖。 所述的晶体生长的温度梯度控制装置, 所述的导热通路为上盖的下部设 有下部环, 所述下部环上设有复数个豁口, 豁口与豁口之间的下部环形成支 腿, 所述支腿下端放置在坩埚上部或支撑环上部或套筒上部, 由豁口形成导 热通路。 所述的晶体生长的温度梯度控制装置, 所述的导热通路为套筒上端顶在 说 明 书
上盖的下部面下环形凸起外侧或内侧, 在套筒上端设有复数个豁口, 由所述 复数个豁口形成导热通路。
所述的晶体生长的温度梯度控制装置, 所述的导热通路为在上盖下部与 坩埚或套筒或支撑环之间设置圆环,在圆环上分布复数个内外贯通的热引导 孔; 或在圆环上部设置复数个豁口; 或在圆环下部设置复数个! ^口; 或圆环 的上部和下部同时设置复数个豁口, 由所述圆环上设置的复数个内外贯通的 热弓 I导孔或复数个豁口形成导热通路。
所述的晶体生长的温度梯度控制装置, 圆环的上下两端分别设有台阶, 所述台阶分别为外台阶或内台阶, 由圆环上端的所述外台阶或内台阶卡接在 上盖下部设置的下环形凸起内侧或外侧的边上; 由圆环下端的所述外台阶或 内台阶卡接在坩埚或套筒上端的内侧或外侧边上。
所述的晶体生长的温度梯度控制装置, 所述套筒和上盖为钨或钼或石墨 材质中的任意一种; 或钨和钼组合; 或钼和石墨组合; 或钨和石墨组合形成 两层复合层;或钨和钼和石墨组成的三层复合层;或内外为钼层中部为钨层; 或内外为钨层中部为钼层; 或内外为石墨层中部为钨层; 或内外为钨层中部 为石墨层; 或内外为石墨层中部为钼层; 或内外为钼层中部为石墨层形成三 层复合层; 或在套筒的复合层中所述钨层和钼层和石墨层中加入氧化锆层或 氧化铝层; 或钨或钼或石墨材质中任一或其中两个替换为氧化锆或氧化铝 一种晶体生长的温度梯度控制方法, 在炉室内的坩埚设置在套筒的中部 形成套筒对坩埚下部的独立空间,坩埚下部的套筒空间中设有冷却介质降温 机构, 所述套筒为单层套筒或多层套筒, 在套筒的外部设有发热体, 套筒上 端略高于坩埚的上端或套筒与坩埚上端为同一高度,所述坩埚内的底部设置 有籽晶, 在籽晶上放置晶体材料, 坩埚的下部设有冷却介质降温机构; 所述 发热体分别连接电源的正负极, 发热体对套筒辐射加热, 同步也对坩埚上部 的晶体材料加热, 坩埚上部的所述晶体材料受益最大, 加热速度也明显快于 坩埚下部的晶体材料和籽晶, 单层套筒或多层套筒将热量传递给坩埚; 同时 由冷却介质降温机构对坩埚的下部降温, 使坩埚下部形成低温区, 单层套筒 或多层套筒发挥作用, 一是使坩埚下部的低温区内低温尽可能少的扩散; 二 是使坩埚内上部的晶体材料融化,说并逐渐向下融化, 当所述坩埚内的晶体材 料全部融化时, 所述籽晶的上端头部也开始部 4>融化, 由于坩埚下部的低温 书
区作用, 籽晶融化明显晚于籽晶上部的晶体材料融化的速度; 而后降低发热 体的温度, 低温区的低温传递给坩埚, 使所述坩埚由底部开始至上部缓慢均 匀降温,形成温度梯度,坩埚内融化的晶体材料由底部籽晶处开始生长结晶, 获取晶体材料块。 所述的晶体生长的温度梯度控制方法, 为了使前一步骤中坩埚内上部的 晶体材料获取更多热能, 在坩埚的上端设有上盖, 上盖的下部与坩埚的上端 之间设有导热通路, 在发热体对坩埚辐射加热时, 坩埚上部散失的热能由上 盖引导至坩埚内上部的晶体材料处, 使热能尽可能少的流失, 获取更为合理 的温度梯度。 所述的晶体生长的温度梯度控制方法, 冷却介质降温机构为下轴降温, 所述下轴内接通的冷却介质内为水或氦气、氖气、氩气、氪气、氙气、氮气、 氟利昂或氡气中的任意一种。 所述的晶体生长的温度梯度控制方法, 冷却介质降温机构利用惰性气体 注入孔降温时, 所述惰性气体为氦气、 氖气、 氩气、 氪气、 氙气、 氮气、 氟 说 明 书
利昂或氡气中的任意一种。
通过上述公开内容, 本发明的有益效果是:
本发明所述晶体生长的温度梯度控制装置及其方法, 通过将坩埚设置在 炉室内, 坩埚 下部处于单层或多层套筒内, 所述单层或多层套筒下端处于 炉室底板或底部保温层上或多层套筒下端处于支撑环上,所述支撑环处于炉 室底扳或; i部保温层上,形成坩埚的下部独立空间;当发热体对坩埚加热时, 通入坩埚下部的冷却介质降温机构的冷气便会处于多层套筒内,最大可能的 使冷能不外泄; 而此时的发热体也受到冷能的影响最小, 不仅实现坩埚上部 温度高下部温度底的温度梯度, 而且节能效果明显; 本发明还利用坩埚上部 添加的上盖, 形成发热体热能向坩埚内晶体材料的上部聚拢, 使上部的晶体 材料获取更好的温度上升; 本发明结构简单, 不仅可以确保坩埚极少出现非 均匀晶核, 而且有效地使发热体上部散失的热能得到利用, 使坩埚内上部的 晶体材料获取了高于坩埚下部晶体材料的温度, 实现了温度引导和最大化利 用热能的目的。
【附图说明】
图 1是本发明的单层套筒结构示意图;
图 2是本发明的多层套筒实施例结构示意图;
图 3是本发明的第三施例结构示意图;
图 4是本发明的第四施例结构示意图;
图 5是本发明的第五施例结构示意图;
图 6是本发明的上盖与套筒形成的温度引导结构示意图;
图 7是本发明的上盖、 套筒和形成的圆环温度引导结构示意图; 说 明 书
在图中: 1、 炉室; 2、 保温罩; 3、 发热体; 4、 套筒; 4. 1、 外筒; 4. 2、 内筒; 5、 坩埚; 6、 晶体材料; 7、 籽晶; 8、 坩埚固定环; 9、 下轴; 10、 套筒固定环; 1 1、 冷却介质通路; 12、 管路; 13、 炉室底板或底部保温层; 14 支撑环; 15 上连接环; 16、 筒底; 17、 附加盖; 18、 上盖外沿; 19、 下部环; 20、 豁口; 21、 散冷孔; 22、 支撑体; 23、 冷却介质; 24、 支架; 25、 穿孔; 26、 支撑板; 27、 上盖; 28、 下环形凸起; 29、 台阶; 30、 圆环; 31、 惰性气体注入孔; 32、 热引导孔。
【具体实施方式】
下面结合实施例对本发明进行进一步的说明; 下面的实施例并不是对于 本发明的限定, 仅作为支持实现本发明的方式, 在本发明所公开的技术框架 内的任意等同结构替换, 均为本发明的保护范围;
结合幅图 1〜7所述的晶体生长的温度梯度控制装置,包括炉室 1、发热 体 3、 坩埚 5、 套筒 4、 冷却介质降温机构, 在炉室 1内设有坩埚 5, 坩埚 5 的下部处于套筒 4内形成独立于炉室 1的小空间,在套筒 4外部设有发热体 3, 在发热体 3外部的炉室 1中设有保温罩 2 ; 为了实现一炉生产单个坩埚 5 或多个坩埚 5的晶体生长, 炉室 1内设置的坩埚 5数量为可选方式; 也就是 说单个坩埚 5, 当小型炉室 1内利用生产单个坩埚 5晶体生长时, 所述炉室 1可替代保温罩 2, 若为多个坩埚 5晶体生长时, 在每一坩埚 5和外部设置 的发热体 3需要使用保温罩 2将其罩住, 形成独立的生长空间, 所述套筒 4 下部小空间设有冷却介质降温机构; 由冷却介质降温机构获取坩埚底部低温 区, 所述低温区形成坩埚上部温度高下部温度底的温度梯度。
结合幅图 1〜5 , 套筒 4为锅形或筒形结构, 锅形套筒 4为至少一个, 所 说 明 书
述锅形套筒 4的下部筒底 16套在冷却介质降温机构下轴 9上部,筒底 16下 部的下轴 9上设有套筒固定环 10,下轴 9上端与坩埚 5的下部连接;或所述 筒形套筒 4下端处于炉室底板或底部保温层 13上, 在筒形套筒 4内的下部 设置冷却介质降温机构;在套筒 4与坩埚的上部之间设有支撑环 14;其中下 轴 9上端与坩埚 5下部的连接处外缘套有坩埚固定环 8, 下轴 9下部连接冷 却介质 23输入和输出装置。
所述的晶体生长的温度梯度控制装置, 所述下轴 9内由上部至下端为空 心结构, 在下轴 9的空心中设有管路 12, 所述管路 12的内部为冷却介质通 路 11, 冷却介质 23顺着管路 12内上流后沿着管路 12与下轴 9的空心结构 之间回流, 形成坩埚的底部降温结构; 或所述管路 12与下轴 9的空心结构 之间的外部为冷却介质通 11,冷却介质 23顺着管路 12外与下轴 9内的空 心结构之间间隙上流后沿着管路 12 内回流, 形成坩埚的底部降温另一替换 结构。
所述的晶体生长的温度梯度控制装置, 筒形套筒 4为至少一层, 筒形套 筒 4外筒 4. 1和内筒 4. 2下部放置在炉室底板或底部保温层 13上; 或外筒 4. 1下部放置在炉室底板或底部保温层 13上, 内筒 4. 2下部设有筒底 16, 筒底 16套在下轴 9的上部; 或外筒 4. 1下部放置在炉室底板或底部保温层 13上, 内筒 4. 2的中部设置具有散冷孔 21的支撑板 26, 坩埚 5下部放在支 撑板 26的中部穿孔 25上, 使坩埚 5的下部裸露在支撑板 26的下部; 或外 筒 4. 1和内筒 4. 2下部分别设有筒底 16, 在外筒 4. 1的筒底 16中部设有开 口,支架 24的上下两端分别对应开口和放置在炉室底板或底部保温层 13上; 在内筒 4. 2的筒底 16中部设有开口, 另一支架 24设置在支架 24中部, 另 一支架 24的上端顶在内筒 4. 2筒底 16的开口下部,. .另一支架 24的下端放 置在炉室底板或底部保温层 13上,在另一支架 24中部炉室底板或底部保温 层 13上设有下轴 9或惰性气体注入孔 31 ;所述内筒 4. 2的筒底 16中部穿孔 25开口上部设有支撑体 22,所述支撑体 22上部设有穿孔 25,坩埚 5下部放 在支撑板 26的中部穿孔 25上, 在支撑体 22上设有复数个散冷孔 21 ; 在套 筒 4的外筒 4. 1和内筒 4. 2之间设有支撑环 14或通过上连接环 15形成一体。 所述的晶体生长的温度梯度控说制装置,在坩埚 5的上端设有上盖 27, 上 盖 27的下部与坩埚 5的上端之间设有导热通路, 由上盖 27形成发热体 3热 书
能向坩埚 5上部的聚拢, 由导热通路引导热能向坩埚 5内晶体材料 6上部的 加热,辅助套筒 4获取坩埚 5内晶体材料 6上部的温度高于坩埚 5内下部的 晶体材料 6; 在上盖 27的外缘设有向四周延伸的上盖外沿 18, 上盖 27的下 部放置在所述坩埚 5的上端; 或放置在套筒 4的上端; 或放置在坩埚 5与套 筒 4之间设置的支撑环 14上部, 上盖 27的下部与套筒 4或支撑环 14的上 端之间设有导热通路; 进一步所述上盖 27为平板结构或中部向上凸起结构 或中部向下凹陷结构,在上盖 27外缘设置的上盖外沿 18由中部连接处向外 方为水平结构; 或上盖外沿 18的外缘为上翘; 或上盖外沿 18的外缘为向下 设置; 所述上盖外沿 18的外缘设置有向上环形凸起, 附加盖 17扣在上盖外 沿 18环形凸起中形成多层盖。 所述的晶体生长的温度梯度控制装置, 所述的导热通路为上盖 27 的下 部设有下部环 19, 所述下部环 19上设有复数个豁口 20, 豁口 20与豁口 20 之间的下部环 19形成支腿,所述支腿下端放置在坩埚 5上部或支撑环 14上 部或套筒 4上部, 由豁口形成导热通路; 或所述的导热通路为套筒 4上端顶 在上盖 27的下部面下环形凸起 28外侧或内侧,在套筒 4上端设有复数个豁 口 20, 由所述复数个豁口 20形成导热通路; 或所述的导热通路为在上盖 27 下部与坩埚 5或套筒 4或支撑环 14之间设置圆环 30,在圆环 30上分布复数 个内外贯通的热引导孔 32; 或在圆环 30上部设置复数个豁口 20; 或在圆环 30下部设置复数个豁口 20;或圆环 30的上部和下部同时设置复数个豁口 20, 由所述圆环 30上设置的复数个内外贯通的热引导孔 32或复数个豁口 20形 成导热通路。 说 其中圆环 30的上下两端分别设有台阶 29,所述台阶 29分别为外台阶或 书
内台阶, 由圆环 30上端的所述外台阶或内台阶卡接在上盖 27下部设置的下 环形凸起 28内侧或外侧的边上; 由圆环 30下端的所述外台阶或内台阶卡接 在坩埚 5或套筒 4上端的内侧或外侧边上。 所述的晶体生长的温度梯度控制装置,所述套筒 4或内筒 4. 2和外筒 4. 1 以及上盖 27为钨或钼或石墨材质中的任意一种; 或钨和钼组合; 或钼和石 墨组合; 或钨和石墨组合形成两层复合层; 或钨和钼和石墨组成的三层复合 层; 或内外为钼层中部为钨层; 或内外为钨层中部为钼层; 或内外为石墨层 中部为钨层; 或内外为钨层中部为石墨层; 或内外为石墨层中部为钼层; 或 内外为钼层中部为石墨层形成三层复合层; 或在套筒的复合层中所述钨层和 钼层和石墨层中加入氧化锆层或氧化铝层; 或钨或钼或石墨材质中任一或其 中两个替换为氧化锆或氧化铝 一种晶体生长的温度梯度控制方法, 在炉室 1内的坩埚 5设置在套筒 4 的中部形成套筒 4对坩埚 5下部的独立空间,坩埚 5下部的套筒 4空间中设 有冷却介质降温机构, 所述套筒 4为单层套筒 4或多层套筒 4, 在套筒 4的 外部设有发热体 3, 套筒 4上端略高于坩埚 5的上端或套筒 4与坩埚 5上端 为同一高度, 所述坩埚 5内的底部设置有籽晶 7, 在籽晶 7上¾置晶体材料 6 , 坩埚 5的下部设有冷却介质降温机构; 所述发热体 3分别连接电源的正 负极,发热体 3对套筒 4辐射加热,同步也对坩埚 5上部的晶体材料 6加热, 坩埚 5上部的 述晶体材料 6受益最大,加热速度也明显快于坩埚 5下部的 晶体材料 6和籽晶 7, 单层套筒 4或多层套筒 4将热量传递给坩埚 5 ; 同时 由冷却介质降温机构对坩埚 5的下说部降温, 使坩埚 5下部形成低温区, 单层 套筒 4或多层套筒 4发挥作用,一是使坩埚 5下部的低温区内低温尽可能少 书
的扩散; 二是使坩埚 5内上部的晶体材料 6融化, 并逐渐向下融化, 当所述 坩埚 5内的晶体材料 6全部融化时,所述籽晶 7的上端头部也开始部分融化, 由于坩埚 5下部的低温区作用,籽晶 7融化明显晚于籽晶 7上部的晶体材料 6融化的速度; 而后降低发热体 3的温度, 低温区的低温传递给坩埚 5, 使 所述坩埚 5由底部开始至上部缓慢均匀降温, 形成温度梯度, 坩埚 5内融化 的晶体材料 6由底部籽晶 7处开始生长结晶, 获取晶体材料块。 所述的晶体生长的温度梯度控制方法, 为了使前一步骤中坩埚 5内上部 的晶体材料 6获取更多热能, 在坩埚 5的上端设有上盖 27, 上盖 27的下部 与坩埚 5的上端之间设有导热通路, 在发热体 3对坩埚 5辐射加热时, 坩埚 5上部散失的热能由上盖 27引导至坩埚 5内上部的晶体材料处,使热能尽可 能少的流失, 获取更为合理的温度梯度。 所述的晶体生长的温度梯度控制方法,冷却介质降温机构为下轴 9降温, 所述下轴 9内接通的冷却介质内为水或氦气、 氖气、 氩气、 氪气、 氙气、 氮 气、 氟利昂或氡气中的任意一种。 说 明 书
所述的晶体生长的温度梯度控制方法, 冷却介质降温机构利甩惰牲气体 注入孔 31降温时, 所述惰性气体为氦气、 氖气、 氩气、 氪气、 氙气、 氮气、 氟利昂或氡气中的任意一种。
本发明未详述部分为现有技术。
为了公开本发明的目的而在本文中选甩的实施例, 当前认为是适宜的, 但是, 应了解的是, 本发明旨在包括一切属于本构思和发明范围内的实施例 的所有变化和改进。 '

Claims

1、 一种晶体生长的温度梯度控制装置, 包括炉室(1 )、 发热体(3)、 坩埚 (5)、 套筒 (4)、 冷却介质降温机构, 其特征是: 在炉室 (1 ) 内设 有坩埚 (5), 坩埚 (5) 的下部处于套筒 (4) 内形成独立于炉室 (1 ) 的 小空间, 在套筒(4)外部设有发热体 (3), 所述套筒(4)下部小空伺设 有冷却齊质降温机构; 由冷却介质降温机构获取坩埚底部低温区,所述低 温区形成坩埚上部温度高下部温度底的温度梯度。
2、根据权利要求 1所述的晶体生长的温度梯度控制装置,其特征是: 在发热体 (3) 外部的炉室 ( 1 ) 中设有保温罩 (2)。
3、根据权利要求 1所述的晶体生长的温度梯度控制装置,其特征是- 套筒(4)为锅形或筒形结构, 锅形套筒(4)为至少一个, 所述锅形套筒
(4)的下部筒底(16)套在冷却介质降温机构下轴(9)上部, 筒底(16) 下部的下轴(9)上设有套筒固定环(10), 下轴(9)上端与坩埚 (5) 的 下部连接; 或所述筒形套筒 (4) 下端处于炉室底板或底部保温层 (13 ) 上, 在筒形套筒 (4) 内的下部设置冷却介质降温机构。
4、根据权利要求 1所述的晶体生长的温度梯度控制装置,其特征是: 在套筒 (4) 与坩埚 (5) 的上部之间设有支撑环 (14)。
5、根据权利要求 3所述的晶体生长的温度梯度控制装置,其特征是: 下轴(9)上端与坩埚 (5)下部的连接处外缘套有坩埚固定环(8), 下轴
(9) 下部连接冷却介质 (23) 输入和输出装置。
6、根据权利要求 3所述的晶体生长的温度梯度控制装置,其特征是: 所述下轴(9 ) 内由上部至下端为空心结构, 在下轴(9 ) 的空心中设有管 路 (12), 所述管路 (12 ) 的内部为冷却介质通路 (11 ), 冷却介质 (23 ) 顺着管路 (12) 内上流后沿着管路 (12 ) 与下轴 (9) 的空心结构之间回 流, 形成坩埚的底部降温结构; 或所述管路 (12) 与下轴 (9) 的空心结 构之间的外部为冷却介质通路 (11), 冷却介质 (23) 顺着管路 (12) 外 与下轴 (9) 内的空心结构之间间隙上流后沿着管路 (12) 内回流, 形成 坩埚的底部降温另一替换结构。
7、根据权利要求 3所述的晶体生长的温度梯度控制装置,其特征是: 筒形套筒(4) 为至少一层, 筒形套筒(4)外筒(4.1)和内筒(4.2) 下 部放置在炉室底板或底部保温层 (13) 上; 或外筒 (4.1) 下部放置在炉 室底板或底部保温层(13)上, 内筒(4.2)下部设有筒底(16),筒底(16) 套在下轴(9)的上部; 或外筒(4.1)下部放置在炉室底板或底部保温层
(13)上, 内筒(4.2) 的中部设置具有散冷孔(21) 的支撑板(26), 坩 埚 (5)下部放在支撑板(26) 的中部穿孔.(25)上, 使坩埚 (5) 的下部 裸露在支撑板(26) 的下部; 或外筒(4.1)和内筒(4.2)下部分别设有 筒底 (16), 在外筒(4.1) 的筒底 (16) 中部设有开口, 支架 (24) 的上 下两端分别对应开口和放置在炉室底板或底部保温层 (13) 上; 在内筒
(4.2) 的筒底 (16) 中部设有开口, 另一支架 (24) 设置在支架 (24) 中部, 另一支架 (24) 的上端顶在内筒 (4.2) 筒底 (16) 的开口下部, 另一支架(24)的下端放置在炉室底板或底部保温层(13)上, 在另一支 架 (24) 中部炉室底板或底部保温层 (13) 上设有下轴 (9) 或惰性气体 注入孔(31); 所述内筒(4.2) 的筒底(16) 中部穿孔(25) 开口上部设 有支撑体 (22), 所述支撑体 (22) 上部设有穿孔 (25), 坩埚 (5) 下部 放在支撑板(26) 的中部穿孔(25)上, 在支撑体(22)上设有复数个散 冷孔 (21)。
8、根据权利要求 7所述的晶体生长的温度梯度控制装置,其特征是: 在套筒 (4) 的外筒 (4. 1 ) 和内筒 (4. 2) 之间设有支撑环 (14) 或通过 上连接环 (15) 形成一体。
9、根据权利要求 1所述的晶体生长的温度梯度控制装置,其特征是: 在坩埚 (5) 的上端设有上盖 (27), 上盖 (27) 的下部与坩埚 (5) 的上 端之间设有导热通路, 由上盖(27)形成发热体(3)热能向坩埚 (5)上 部的聚拢 由导热通路引导热能向坩埚(5)内晶体材料: (6)上部的加热, 辅助套筒 (4) 获取坩埚 (5) 内晶体材料 (6) 上部的温度高于坩埚 (5) 内下部 晶体材料 (6)。
10、根据权利要求 9所述的晶体生长的温度梯度控制装置,其特征是: 在上盖 (27 ) 的外缘设有向四周延伸的上盖外沿 (18), 上盖 (27) 的下 部放置在所述坩埚(5)的上端; 或放置在套筒(4) 的上端; 或放置在坩 埚 (5) 与套筒(4)之间设置的支撑环 (14)上部, 上盖 (27) 的下部与 套筒 (4) 或支撑环 (14) 的上端之间设有导热通路。
11、根据权利要求 9所述的晶体生长的温度梯度控制装置,其特征是: 所述上盖(27)为平板结构或中部向上凸起结构或中部向下凹陷结构, 在 上盖 (27) 外缘设置的上盖外沿 (18) 由中部连接处向外方为水平结构; 或上盖外沿 (18) 的外缘为上翘; 或上盖外沿 (18) 的外缘为向下设置。
12、 根据权利要求 10所述的晶体生长的温度梯度控制装置, 其特征 是: 所述上盖外沿(18) 的外缘设置有向上环形凸起, 附加盖(17 )扣在 上盖外沿 (18) 环形凸起中形成多层盖。
13、根据权利要求 9所述的晶体生长的温度梯度控制装置,其特征是: 所述的导热通路为上盖(27 )的下部设有下部环(19), 所述下部环(19) 上设有复数个豁口 (20), 豁口 (20) 与豁口 (20) 之间的下部环 (19) WO 2013/104089 权 利 要 求 书 PCT/CN2012/000268 形成支腿, 所述支腿下端放置在坩埚 (5 ) 上部或支撑环 (14) 上部或套 筒 (4) 上部, 由豁口形成导热通路。
14、根据权利要求 9所述的晶体生长的温度梯度控制装置,其特征是: 所述的导热通路为套筒' (4)上端顶在上盖(27)的下部面下环形凸起(28) 外侧或内侧, 在套筒(4)上端设有复数个豁口 (20), 由所述复数个豁 O
(20) 形成导热通路。
15、根据权利要求 9所述的晶体生长的温度梯度控制装置,其特征是: 所述的导热通路为在上盖(27)下部与坩埚(5)或套筒(4)或支撑环(14) 之间设置圆环(30),在圆环(30)上分布复数个内外贯通的热引导孔(32); 或在圆环 (30) 上部设置复数个豁口 (20); 或在圆环 (30) 下部设置复 数个豁口 (20); 或圆环 (30) 的上部和下部同时设置复数个豁口 (20), 由所述圆环(30)上设置的复数个内外贯通的热引导孔(32)或复数个豁 口 (20) 形成导热通路。
16、 根据权利要求 15所述的晶体生长的温度梯度控制装置, 其特征 是: 圆环 (30) 的上下两端分别设有台阶 (29), 所述台阶 (29 ) 分别为 外台阶或内台阶,由圆环 (30)上端的所述外台阶或内台阶卡接在上盖 (27 ) 下部设置的下环形凸起(28) 内侧或外侧的边上; 由圆环(30 )下端的所 述外台阶或内台阶卡接在坩埚 (5) 或套筒 (4) 上端的内侧或外侧边上。
17、根据权利要求 9所述的晶体生长的温度梯度控制装置,其特征是: 所述套筒 (4) 和上盖 (27) 为钨或钼或石墨材质中的任意一种; 或钨和 钼组合; 或钼和石墨组合; 或钨和石墨组合形成两层复合层; 或钨和钼和 石墨组成的三层复合层;或内外为钼层中部为钨层;或内外为钨层中部为 钼层; 或内外为石墨层中部为钨层; 或内外为钨层中部为石墨层; 或内外 为石墨层中部为钼层;或内外为钼层中部为石墨层形成三层复合层;或在 套筒的复合层中所述钨层和钼层和石墨层中加入氧化锆层或氧化铝层;或 钨或钼或石墨材质中径一或其中两个替换为氧化锆或氧化铝
18、利用权利要求 1〜17任一权利要求所述的晶体生长的温度梯度控 制装置实施一种晶体生长的温度梯度控制方法, 其特征是: 在炉室 (1 ) 内的坩埚(5)设置在套筒(4) 的中部形成套筒(4)对坩埚 (5)下部的 独立空间, 坩埚(5)下部的套筒(4)空间中设有冷却介质降温机构, 所 述套筒 (4) 为单层套筒 (4) 或多层套筒 (4), 在套筒 (4) 的外部设有 发热体 (3), 套筒 (4) 上端略高于坩埚 (5) 的上端或套筒 (4) 与坩埚 (5)上端为同一高度, 所述坩埚(5) 内的底部设置有籽晶(7), 在籽晶 (7)上放置晶体材料(6), 坩埚(5)的下部设有冷却介质降温机构; 所 述发热体 (3) 分别连接电源的正负极, 发热体 (3) 对套筒 (4) 辐射加 热, 同步也对坩埚 (5) 上部的晶体材料 (6) 加热, 坩埚 (5 ) 上部的所 述晶体材料(6)受益最大, 加热速度也明显快于坩埚(5)下部的晶体材 料 (6) 和籽晶 (7), 单层套筒 (4) 或多层套筒 (4) 将热量传递给坩埚 (5 ); 同时由冷却介质降温机构对坩埚 ( 5 ) 的下部降温, 使坩埚 (5)下 部形成低温区,单层套筒(4)或多层套筒(4)发挥作用,一是使坩埚(5) 下部的低温区内低温尽可能少的扩散; 二是使坩埚 (5 ) 内上部的晶体材 料 (6) 融化, 并逐渐向下融化, 当所述坩埚 (5 ) 内的晶体材料 (6) 全 部融化时, 所述籽晶(7)的上端头部也开始部分融化, 由于坩埚 (5)下 部的低温区作用, 籽晶(7)融化明显晚于籽晶 (7)上部的晶体材料(6) 融化的速度;而后降低发热体(3)的温度,低温区的低温传递给坩埚(5), 使所述坩埚 (5) 由底部开始至上部缓慢均匀降温, 形成温度梯度, 坩埚 权 利 要 求 书
(5) 内融化的晶体材料 (6) 由底部籽晶 (7) 处开始生长结晶, 获取晶 体材料块。
19、 根据权利要求 18所述的晶体生长的温度梯度控制方法, 其特征 是: 为了使前一歩骤中坩埚 内上部的晶体材料 (6) 获取更多热能, 在坩埚 (5) 的上端设有上盖 (27), 上盖 (27) 的下部与坩埚 (5) 的上 端之间设有导热通路, 在发热体(3)对坩埚 (5)辐射加热时, 坩埚 (5) 上部散失的热能由上盖 (27) 引导至坩埚 (5) 内上部的晶体材料处, 使 热能尽可能少的流失, 获取更为合理的温度梯度。
20、 根据权利要求 18所述的晶体生长的温度梯度控制方法, 其特征 是- 冷却介质降温机构为下轴(9)降温, 所述下轴(9)内接通的冷却介- 质内为水或氦气、 氖气、 氩气、 氪气、 氙气、 氮气、 氟利昂或氡气中的任 意一种。
21、 根据权利要求 18所述的晶体生长的温度梯度控制方法, 其特征 是: 冷却介质降温机构利用惰性气体注入孔(31 )降温时, 所述惰性气体 为氦气、 氖气、 氩气、 氪气、 氙气、 氮气、 氟利昂或氡气中的任意一种。
PCT/CN2012/000268 2012-01-10 2012-03-02 晶体生长的温度梯度控制装置及其方法 WO2013104089A1 (zh)

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