WO2013097252A1 - 果实采摘设备 - Google Patents

果实采摘设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013097252A1
WO2013097252A1 PCT/CN2011/085207 CN2011085207W WO2013097252A1 WO 2013097252 A1 WO2013097252 A1 WO 2013097252A1 CN 2011085207 W CN2011085207 W CN 2011085207W WO 2013097252 A1 WO2013097252 A1 WO 2013097252A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
arm
fruit
cylinder
hinged
fruit picking
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2011/085207
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
何清华
陶海军
龚伟业
冯怀
Original Assignee
山河智能装备股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 山河智能装备股份有限公司 filed Critical 山河智能装备股份有限公司
Priority to CN201180076184.4A priority Critical patent/CN104202960B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2011/085207 priority patent/WO2013097252A1/zh
Priority to MYPI2014701819A priority patent/MY185285A/en
Publication of WO2013097252A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013097252A1/zh

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01DHARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D46/00Picking of fruits, vegetables, hops, or the like; Devices for shaking trees or shrubs
    • A01D46/24Devices for picking apples or like fruit

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery, and in particular to a fruit picking apparatus.
  • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION When harvesting fruits, the traditional use of hand-cutting pedicles causes labor intensity, which seriously affects the picking efficiency, and causes the cost of picking to increase. For high-fruit trees, the fruit is grown at a high place, and the picking is extremely inconvenient.
  • An existing fruit picking machine such as Chinese Patent No. CN101297619A, discloses a fruit picker comprising a power source, a strut and a picking portion disposed at the top of the strut; wherein the power source is a power source, and the power source is connected to the motor through the wire .
  • Chinese patent CN201624007U discloses a visual type liftable fruit picking machine, which comprises: a load-bearing fixed bracket, a universal bracket, a lifting rod, a cross bar, a balance bar, a miniature camera, a picking wire, a circular rocker arm, a picking handle bar, Rechargeable battery, liquid crystal display, blade, guide hose, gimbal mounted on the load-bearing fixing bracket; the lifting rod that can be freely extended up and down is mounted on the interface of the gimbal, the bottom of the lifting rod is equipped with a rechargeable battery, and the top of the lifting rod is mounted There is a crossbar; a balance bar is arranged at one end of the crossbar, a micro camera is arranged on the middle of the crossbar, and a
  • Chinese patent CN101773022A discloses a hydraulic coconut picking machine, which is provided with a support with hydraulic feet, and a motor-controlled slewing tower is arranged on the support, and the rotary tower can be horizontally rotated by the motor;
  • the tower is provided with a hydraulic transmission system consisting of a luffing cylinder and a telescopic cylinder.
  • the arm, the forearm and the cutter respectively controlled by the hydraulic swing motor are arranged at the front end of the telescopic cylinder, and the arm and the forearm are rotated when the corresponding hydraulic rotary motor is operated.
  • the cutter is adjusted to the coconut picking position; when the hydraulic swing motor on the cutter works to drive the cutter to rotate, the coconut fruit spike is cut, and the coconut fruit is picked.
  • the hydraulic feet of the support support the ground and adjust the balance of the support, then use the motor to turn the slewing tower to the appropriate position, and operate the hydraulic transmission system to make the luffing cylinder and the telescopic cylinder work to the appropriate position of the cutter height, through the hydraulic pressure
  • the slewing motor rotates the arm and forearm and will rotate After turning the cutter to the coconut picking position, the coconut fruit ear is cut by a cutter to realize mechanized picking of the coconut.
  • the patent also discloses that a hydraulic lock and a walking wheel are arranged on the leg, and the foot is fixed by the hydraulic lock, so that the support can be better fixed, and the technical solution of the traction of the support is facilitated.
  • the working arm of the device only includes the arms and the two arms of the forearm.
  • the position of the cutter cannot be changed in three dimensions, and the flexibility of the work is affected.
  • the fruit picking equipment has a low degree of mechanization, and although it can replace the traditional manual work, there is a problem that the fruit having a high growth position cannot be picked, the picking efficiency is low, the movement is inconvenient, and the manual operation is performed. The intensity is still large.
  • the present invention provides a fruit picking apparatus comprising a movable body, a retractable cantilever hinged to the vehicle body, a first variable amplitude cylinder for driving the cantilever, and a work hinged on the cantilever An arm and a cutting tool mounted on the working arm; a cylinder block of the first luffing cylinder is hinged on the vehicle body, and a piston rod of the first luffing cylinder is hinged on the cantilever; the car body further comprises an operation room, and the operating room is provided There is an operating device and an operation monitoring device; the body is also provided with a fruit storage bucket and a dump bucket that drives the fruit bucket to be turned over.
  • the fruit picking device further comprises a fruit receiving unit;
  • the fruit receiving unit comprises a main bucket operable to be turned over to dock with the fruit hopper, a telescopic bucket, a rear turning cylinder hinged on the vehicle body or the fruit hopper, and a front turning cylinder And the inverting arm;
  • the telescopic bucket is operatively extended outside the main bucket or contracted to be received in the main bucket;
  • the cylinder of the front turning cylinder is hinged to the side wall of the main bucket, and the piston rod of the front turning cylinder is hinged with the telescopic bucket;
  • the first end of the arm is rigidly coupled to the first end of the main bucket, and the second end of the flip arm is hinged to the piston rod of the rear turning cylinder.
  • the receiving unit further comprises a four-bar linkage mechanism; the four-bar linkage mechanism is hinged with the main bucket and the telescopic bucket; and the piston rod of the front turning cylinder is hinged with the telescopic bucket through the four-bar linkage mechanism to realize the turning of the telescopic bucket.
  • the working arm includes a swinging end arm hinged at a first end to the cantilever, a deflecting end arm hinged at a second end of the swinging end arm at the first end, and a rotating end arm hinged at a second end of the deflecting end arm at the first end; the cantilever and the swing A second slewing cylinder or a first slewing motor for driving the oscillating end arm to be swung between the end arms; a yaw cylinder or a second yaw motor for driving the deflection end arm deflection between the oscillating end arm and the yaw end arm A swing cylinder or a third swing motor for driving the swinging end arm to swing is provided between the deflecting end arm and the rotating end arm.
  • the rotating end arm has a hollow cylindrical shape
  • a feeding end arm is slidably connected to the rotating end arm, and a feed cylinder for driving the feeding end arm, the two ends of the feeding cylinder and the rotating end arm and the feeding end respectively Arm connection
  • feed end arm There is a cutting motor that drives the cutting tool; the cutting tool is mounted on the cutting motor, and the cutting tool is a rotating blade. Further, a cutting motor for driving the cutting tool is connected to the second end of the rotating end arm; the cutting tool is connected to the cutting motor, and the cutting tool is a chain saw.
  • the fruit picking device further comprises a gripping fruit cylinder, wherein the cylinder of the fruit cylinder is fixedly connected with the rotating end arm, and the piston rod of the fruit cylinder is provided with a gripping tool capable of positioning the fruit to be picked.
  • a reduction gearbox coupled to the cutting motor drive is further included, and the cutting tool is drivingly coupled to the output shaft of the reduction gearbox.
  • the vehicle body includes a walking chassis and a working platform; the working platform is fixed on the walking chassis; the fruit storage bucket is hinged on the working platform, and the operating room is disposed on the working platform; and the working platform is further provided with a rotatable bias a rotor and a deflection cylinder that drives the deflection of the deflection head; the cantilever is hinged to the deflection head, and the cylinder block of the first amplitude cylinder is hinged to the deflection head.
  • the vehicle body includes a walking chassis and a rotating working platform on the walking chassis; the cantilever and the cylinder block of the first variable amplitude cylinder are both hinged on the rotating working platform.
  • the cantilever includes a first pitch arm, a second pitch arm slidably mounted in the first pitch arm cavity, and a third pitch arm slidably mounted in the second pitch arm cavity;
  • the cylinder block is coupled to the first pitch arm, a piston rod connected to the telescopic cylinder on the second arm;
  • a first fixed pulley is disposed at a first end of the second arm, and a second fixed pulley is disposed at a second end of the second arm;
  • the end is provided with a third fixed pulley;
  • the cantilever further comprises an arm chain and a chain of arms, wherein the first end of the arm chain is fixed on the cylinder block or the first arm of the telescopic cylinder, and the second end of the arm chain is wound After the second fixed pulley is fixed on the third arm; the first end of the arm chain is fixed on the cylinder block or the first arm of the telescopic cylinder, and the second end of the arm chain sequentially bypasses the third fixed pulley and
  • the fruit picking device further comprises a fruit receiving unit; the fruit receiving unit comprises a fruiting hopper under the cutting tool and a fruit drop channel connecting the fruiting hopper and the fruit hopper. Further, the fruit hopper is hung on the working arm or fixed on the cantilever.
  • the fruit drop channel comprises a bag, a drawstring, a steel ring spaced apart on the bag and a wire take-up fixed on the car body; the fruit inlet of the bag is connected to the fruit bucket, and the fruit outlet of the bag is connected to Above the fruit container; each At least one earring is welded to the steel ring at intervals; the first end of the drawstring is fixed on the receiving hopper, and the second end is connected to the corresponding wirel on the steel ring and then connected in the wire take-up.
  • the invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the fruit picking device of the invention monitors the movement of the cantilever and the working arm by operating the monitoring device, so that the user can adjust the control of the control device in time according to the actual situation, thereby accurately and quickly performing the picking work and improving the picking.
  • Efficiency, mechanized operation of fruit picking, and movement through the walking chassis, the movement is convenient and mechanized; in addition, the telescopic cantilever, the swing end arm, the deflecting end arm and/or the rotating end arm can be expanded or deflected to achieve cutting
  • a three-dimensional transformation of the tool's position and orientation facilitates the cutting tool to be close to the picked fruit.
  • the present invention has other objects, features and advantages.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a first embodiment of a fruit picking apparatus of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a cantilever according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a working arm according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • 4 is a partially enlarged schematic view of another side of the working arm of FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of another embodiment of the cutting tool of the working arm of FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 6 is a working arm and a cantilever of FIG.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the structure of the first embodiment of the fruit collecting unit of the fruit picking apparatus of Figure 1;
  • Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view along line AA of Figure 7;
  • Figure 9 is a view of Figure 7
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing the structure of a second embodiment of the fruit receiving unit of the fruit picking apparatus of FIG. 1;
  • Figure 11 is a schematic view showing the structure of a second embodiment of the fruit picking apparatus of the present invention.
  • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The scope of protection has any limiting effect. Referring to Fig.
  • a fruit picking apparatus includes a movable body 2, a fruit hopper 12 mounted on the body 2, a dumper cylinder 13, and a telescopic cantilever hinged to the body 2. 7.
  • the fruit picking apparatus of the present invention is further provided with a fruit collecting unit 3.
  • the vehicle body 2 includes a walking chassis 14, a working platform 11 on the walking chassis 14, a deflection head 5 disposed on the working surface of the working platform 11, a deflection cylinder 51 that drives the rotation of the deflection head 5, and a fixed working platform 11 Operation room 1.
  • the walking chassis 14 is a crawler walking chassis.
  • the work platform 11 is fixed to the travel chassis 14; the cylinder block of the deflection cylinder 51 is hinged to the work platform 11 and operatively drives the deflection head 5 to rotate.
  • An operation device 10 and an operation monitoring device are provided in the operation room 1.
  • the fruit hopper 12 is hinged on the work platform 11 opposite the operation chamber 1.
  • the cylinder block of the dump cylinder 13 is hinged to the vehicle body 2, and the piston rod of the dump cylinder 13 is hinged to the bottom of the fruit storage bucket 12.
  • the fruit picking apparatus of the present invention picks up the fruit by controlling the movement of the boom 7 and the working arm 8 by the operating device 10, and the picked fruit is stored in the fruit hopper 12; after the fruit hopper 12 is full, the dumping cylinder 13 is operated.
  • the expansion and contraction causes the fruit hopper 12 to be turned over to complete the unloading and resetting of the fruit hopper 12.
  • the movement of the cantilever 7 and the working arm 8 is monitored by operating the monitoring device, so that the user can adjust the control of the control device 10 according to the actual situation, thereby accurately and quickly performing the picking work, the degree of mechanization is high, and the operation is performed.
  • the chamber 1 operates the walking chassis 14 to move and is convenient to move.
  • the cantilever 7 includes a first pitch arm 15 whose first end is hinged on the deflection head 5, a second pitch arm 16 slidably mounted in the cavity of the first pitch arm 15, and is slidably mounted on the second pitch arm.
  • the cylinder block of the telescopic cylinder 6 is fixed to the first end of the first pitch arm 15, and the piston rod of the telescopic cylinder 6 is fixed to the second pitch arm 16.
  • the first end of the second section arm 16 is provided with a first fixed pulley 36
  • the second end of the second section arm 16 is provided with a second fixed pulley 38
  • the second end of the first section arm 15 is provided with a third fixed pulley 37 .
  • the first end of the arm chain 19 is fixed on the cylinder block of the telescopic cylinder 6 or fixed on the first section arm 15.
  • the second end of the arm chain 19 is wound around the second fixed pulley 38 and fixed to the third section arm 17 on.
  • the first end of the arm chain 18 is fixed to the cylinder block of the telescopic cylinder 6 or to the first section arm 15, and the second end of the arm chain 18 The end is sequentially wound around the third fixed pulley 37 and the first fixed pulley 36 and then fixed to the first end of the third pitch arm 17.
  • the first end of the connecting arm 82 is fixed to the second end of the third pitch arm 17.
  • the telescopic cylinder 6 can be operated to adjust the length of the cantilever 7, and the fruit having a higher growth position and a longer distance can be easily picked.
  • the cylinder block of the first luffing cylinder 9 is hinged to the deflection head 5, and the piston rod of the first luffing cylinder 9 is fixed to the first pitch arm 15.
  • the first pitch arm 15 is controlled to rotate about the deflection head 5, thereby causing the second and third pitch arms 16, 17 to rotate.
  • the yaw cylinder 51 can drive the deflection head 5 to rotate, thereby driving the cantilever 7 to rotate, so that the cantilever 7 can adjust the height and adjust the direction and length according to different positions of the fruit, so that the working arm connected to the cantilever 7 can be adjusted. 8 and cutting tool 25 can find the best cutting position for easy picking.
  • the working arm 8 includes a swinging end arm 29 having a first end hinged to the connecting arm 82, a deflecting end arm 27 having a first end hinged to the second end of the swinging end arm 29, and a first end hinged A rotating end arm 28 at a second end of the deflecting end arm 27 and a feed end wall 39 mounted at a second end of the rotating end arm 28.
  • a second variator cylinder 20 is fixed to the connecting arm 82, and a piston rod of the second variator cylinder 20 is fixed on the oscillating end arm 29 to drive the oscillating end arm 29 to be up and down.
  • the second variator cylinder The piston rod 20 is fixed to the swing end arm 29 by a link mechanism 83.
  • the cutting tool 25 is mounted on the feed end arm 39.
  • a yaw cylinder 21 is hinged to the oscillating end arm 29, and a piston rod of the yaw cylinder 21 is hinged to the deflecting end arm 27 to effect lateral deflection of the deflecting end arm 27.
  • the swing cylinder 22 is hinged to the deflecting end arm 27, and the piston rod of the swing cylinder 22 is hinged to the rotating end arm 28 to effect the pivoting of the rotating end arm 28.
  • the rotating end arm 28 has a hollow cylindrical shape, and the feeding end arm 39 is slidably mounted in the cavity of the rotating end arm 28.
  • a feed cylinder 23 is also connected to the cavity of the rotary end arm 28, and the piston rod end of the feed cylinder 23 is coupled to the feed end arm 39 to drive the feed end arm 39 to expand and contract.
  • a cutting motor 24 that drives the cutting tool 25 is mounted inside the feed end arm 39. The cutting tool 25 is coupled to the cutting motor 24.
  • the feed end arm 39 is driven to expand and contract by the feed cylinder 23 to effect the forward and backward feed motion of the cutting tool 25.
  • the cutting motor 24 is operated to rotate the cutting tool 25 to complete the cutting of the fruit.
  • a reduction gearbox 26 is also provided which is in driving coupling with the cutting motor 24, and the cutting tool 25 is drivingly coupled to the output shaft of the reduction gearbox 26.
  • the drive of the cutting motor 24 is shifted by the transmission 26 and then the cutting tool 25 is rotated to obtain a more suitable rotational speed of the cutting tool 25.
  • the cutting tool 25 is a saw blade, and preferably, the saw blade is circular.
  • the cutting tool 25 can also be a pressure shear, and the pressure shear cylinder is directly driven without the need to provide a cutting motor 24.
  • the second variator cylinder 20, the yaw cylinder 21, and the swing cylinder 22 may be replaced by first, second, and third yaw motors, respectively.
  • the connecting arm 82 may not be provided, but the swinging end arm 29 is directly hinged at the second end of the third arm 17 and the second slewing cylinder 20 or the first oscillating motor is fixed at The second end of the third section of the arm 17.
  • the cutting tool 25a is a chain saw.
  • the working arm 8 does not need to be provided with the feed end wall 39 and the feed cylinder 23 that drives the feed end wall 39.
  • the cutting motor 24 and the reduction gear box 26 are directly fixed to the rotating end arm 28.
  • a gripping cylinder 30 is further fixed on the outer side wall of the rotating end arm 28.
  • the cylinder of the gripping cylinder 30 is fixedly coupled to the rotating end arm 28, and the piston rod end of the gripping cylinder 30 is provided with a gripping tool 82 capable of positioning the fruit to be picked.
  • the gripping tool 82 is a spear that can break into the fruit.
  • the gripping cylinder 30 drives the gripping tool 82 to extend and break into the fruit to fix the fruit; after that, the cutting tool 25 or 25a is driven to cut the root of the fruit, and after the cutting, the working arm 8 swings downward and contracts.
  • the gripping tool 82 is returned; at this time, the cut fruit falls into the fruit hopper 12.
  • the fruit picking device of the present invention is required to pick the fruit, the walking chassis 14 is operated by the operation room 1, and the deflection cylinder 51, the first variable oil cylinder 9, and the telescopic cylinder 6 are operated by the operation chamber 1 to drive the cantilever 7
  • the working arm 8 is close to the fruit to be picked.
  • the second variator cylinder 20, the yaw cylinder 21, and the swing cylinder 22 are controlled to operate by the operation chamber 1 to align the cutting tool 25 or 25a with the fruit; after the cutting tool 25 or 25a is aligned with the fruit, the cutting motor 24 is operated. The cutting tool 25 or 25a is driven to rotate to complete the cutting of the fruit to be picked. At this time, the cut fruit is placed in the fruit hopper 12. After multiple picking, after the fruit in the fruit hopper 12 is full, the movement of the dump cylinder 13 is controlled by the operation room 1, so that the fruit hopper 12 is turned backwards first to complete the unloading and then reset.
  • the first embodiment of the fruit harvesting unit 3 of the fruit picking apparatus of the present invention includes a fruit hopper 31 and a fruit drop passage 4 connecting the result hopper 31 and the fruit hopper 12.
  • the fruit hopper 31 has a tapered cylindrical shape with both ends open, and the fruit hopper 31 is hung on the rotating end arm 28 by the rope 311, and the upper port of the fruit hopper 31 is aligned with the lower side of the cutting tool 25 so as to be cut after being cut.
  • the fruit first falls into the fruit hopper 31 and then falls into the fruit hopper 12 through the fruit drop channel 4.
  • the fruit drop passage 4 includes a bag 41, at least one pull cord 43, a plurality of steel rings 45, and a wire take-up 47 fixed to the deflection head 5.
  • the fruit inlet of the bag 41 is coupled to the lower port of the hopper 31, and the fruit outlet of the bag 41 is connected to the top of the fruit hopper 12.
  • At least one earring 451 that facilitates the passage of the pull cord 43 is welded to the circumference of each of the steel rings 45.
  • the bag 41 is sewn into a plurality of steel rings 45 to facilitate the opening of the bag 41.
  • the steel rings 45 are sewn together evenly.
  • the first end of each of the drawstrings 43 is fixed to the hopper 31, and the second end of each of the drawstrings 43 is passed through a corresponding earring 451 on each of the rims 45 and coupled to the take-up reel 47.
  • the wire take-up device 47 is provided with a spring.
  • the tension of the spring automatically retracts the drawstring 43 to shrink the bag 41 and keep the drawstring 43 in tension; when the cantilever 7 is elongated Or the working arm 8 is swung upward, and the tensile strength of the pull cord 43 can overcome the tension of the spring in the wire take-up 47 to lengthen.
  • the wire take-up 47 can also be mounted on the vehicle body 2 as needed. Referring to FIG. 9 in combination, in other embodiments, the fruit hopper 31 may be fixedly coupled to the third arm 17 of the cantilever 7. Referring to Fig.
  • a second embodiment of the fruit receiving unit 3a of the fruit picking apparatus of the present invention includes a main bucket 123a, an extensible bucket 121a operatively flipped and housed in the main bucket 123a, and a front turning cylinder 125a that drives the telescopic bucket 121a to be turned over.
  • the first end of the flip arm 127a is rigidly coupled to the first end of the main bucket 123a, and the second end of the flip arm 127a is hinged to the flip arm 127a of the fruit hopper 12 and the rear flip cylinder 126a hinged to the fruit hopper 12.
  • the flip arm 127a and the rear flip cylinder 126a may also be hinged to other positions of the vehicle body 2 or the work platform 11, but the two are not suitable for being separately hinged to the body 2 and the reversible fruit hopper 12.
  • the fruit receiving unit 3a further includes a four-bar linkage mechanism 129a hinged to the inner side wall of the main bucket 123a, and the piston rod of the front turning cylinder 125a is hinged to the bellows 121a by the four-bar linkage mechanism 129a.
  • the four-bar linkage mechanism 129a is driven to move by the front turning cylinder 125a, thereby driving the bellows 121a to extend or contract to be accommodated in the main bucket 123a.
  • the bellows 121a is slidably coupled to the main bucket 123a, the cylinder block of the front turning cylinder 125a is coupled to the inner side wall of the main bucket 123a, and the piston rod of the front turning cylinder 125a is hinged to the telescopic bucket 121a.
  • the bellows 121a is extended to the outside of the main bucket 123a or retracted to be accommodated in the main bucket 123a.
  • the main bucket 123a is moved out of the vehicle body by the inverting cylinder 126a after operation, to the lower side of the cutting tool 25 or 25a, so that the fruit after the cutting is completed falls into the main bucket 123a.
  • the operation of the inverting cylinder 126a is controlled by the operation chamber 1, and the main bucket 123a is first turned backward to drop the fruit in the main bucket 123a into the fruit hopper 12.
  • the front turning cylinder 125a is selectively operated to drive the bellows 121a to extend according to the position of the falling of the fruit, so that the fruit after the cutting is completed falls into the bellows 121a, which is convenient to operate and avoids the limitation of the distance.
  • the telescopic bucket 121a may also be selected to be a sliding telescopic type, that is, without providing a four-bar linkage mechanism 129a, a chute is provided on the inner side wall of the main bucket 123a, and on the outer side wall of the telescopic bucket 121a.
  • a protrusion is arranged on the protrusion, and the protrusion is slidably engaged in the sliding slot to guide the telescopic bucket 121a to expand and contract.
  • the fruit picking apparatus of the second embodiment of the present invention is different from the above-described fruit picking apparatus of the first embodiment of the present invention in that the work platform 11a is a rotary platform which is mounted on the traveling chassis 14.
  • the fruit picking apparatus of the second embodiment of the present invention does not require the deflection head 5 and the deflection cylinder 51 that drives the rotation of the deflection head 5.
  • the first pitch arm 15 of the cantilever 7 is directly hinged to the work platform 11a, and the cylinder block of the first luffing cylinder 9 is also directly hinged to the work platform 11a.

Abstract

一种果实采摘设备,包括可移动的车体、铰接在车体上的可伸缩的悬臂、驱动悬臂变幅的第一变幅油缸、铰接在悬臂上的工作臂及安装在工作臂上的切割工具;第一变幅油缸的缸座铰接在车体上,且第一变幅油缸的活塞杆铰接在悬臂上;车体还包括一个操作室,操作室内设有操作装置及操作监控装置;车体上还设有一个贮果斗及驱动贮果斗翻转的翻斗油缸;本发明的果实采摘设备通过操作悬臂及工作臂的运动,以便于用户根据实际情况及时调整控制装置的控制,从而准确、快速的进行采摘工作,提高采摘效率,实现采果的机械化作业,且通过行走底盘移动,移动方便,机械化程度高。

Description

果实采摘设备 技术领域 本发明涉及农业机械领域, 特别地, 涉及一种果实采摘设备。 背景技术 在收摘果实时, 传统使用手剪落蒂, 这样造成劳动强度大, 严重影响采摘效率, 造成采摘成本增加等弊处; 对于高株果树, 因果实生长在高处, 其采摘极为不便, 不 仅采收效率低, 而且有时还不得不采用棒打、 采摘者爬树、 站在楼梯或其他物体上、 将树枝下拉等办法采摘果实, 采摘不安全且工效低, 造成大量水果的浪费, 且仍有采 摘高度的限制, 将树枝下拉容易对果树造成损伤。 现有的果品采摘机, 例如中国专利 CN101297619A公开了一种果实采摘器, 其包 括动力源、 撑杆及设置在撑杆顶部的采摘部; 其中, 动力源为电源, 电源通过导线与 电机相连接。 这种果实采摘器虽然有效的解决了手提式采摘机存在的寿命短、 效率较 低的问题, 但是由于其采摘头是在电源驱动的电机带动下转动, 因此需要提供额外的 电源, 电源和电机之间的连线也限制了采摘器的便捷移动。 中国专利 CN201624007U公开了一种可视型可升降果品采摘机, 包括: 承重固定 支架、 万向支架、 升降杆、 横杆、 平衡杆、 微型摄像头、 采摘拉线、 圆形摇臂、 采摘 手柄杆、 充电电池、 液晶显示器、 刀片、 导接软管, 万向支架装于承重固定支架上; 可上下自由伸缩的升降杆装于万向支架接口处, 升降杆底部装有充电电池, 升降杆顶 端装有横杆; 横杆一端设有平衡杆, 横杆中部上面设有微型摄像头, 另一端设有刀片; 刀片、 圆形摇臂采用拉线连接。 然而该果品采摘机采摘时仍需手动移动操作该设备, 自动化程度。 中国专利 CN101773022A公开了一种液压式椰果采摘机, 该采摘机设有带液压支 脚的支座, 在支座上设置由马达控制的回转塔, 通过马达可将回转塔进行水平旋转; 在回转塔上设置由变幅缸、 伸缩缸组成的液压传动系统, 在伸缩缸的前端设置分别由 液压回转马达控制的手臂、 前臂和割刀, 当相应的液压回转马达工作时手臂、 前臂进 行旋转动作, 将割刀调整到椰果采摘位置; 当割刀上的液压回转马达工作带动割刀旋 转可将椰果果穗切断, 对椰果进行采摘。 采摘椰果时, 支座的液压支脚支撑地面并调 整支座平衡, 然后利用马达使回转塔转至合适位置, 操纵液压传动系统使变幅缸、 伸 缩缸工作至割刀高度合适位置, 通过液压回转马达使手臂和前臂进行旋转动作, 将旋 转的割刀调整到椰果采摘位置后由割刀将椰果果穗切断, 实现椰果的机械化采摘。 此 夕卜, 本专利还公开了支脚上设置液压锁和行走轮, 利用液压锁锁紧支脚, 可更好地固 定支座, 方便支座的牵引的技术方案。 然而, 该设备的工作臂仅包括手臂、 前臂两节 臂, 割刀的位置不能实现三维变换, 作业的灵活性受到影响。 就上述的果实采摘机来看, 水果采摘设备的机械化程度较低, 虽能替代传统手工 作业, 但存在不能采摘生长位置较高的水果的问题, 其采摘效率也低, 移动不便, 人 工操作的强度仍较大。 发明内容 本发明目的在于提供一种果实采摘设备, 以解决现有技术中效率低、 安全性差及 机械化程度较低的技术问题。 为实现上述目的, 本发明提供了一种果实采摘设备, 包括可移动的车体、 铰接在 车体上的可伸缩的悬臂、 驱动悬臂变幅的第一变幅油缸、 铰接在悬臂上的工作臂及安 装在工作臂上的切割工具; 第一变幅油缸的缸座铰接在车体上, 且第一变幅油缸的活 塞杆铰接在悬臂上; 车体还包括一个操作室,操作室内设有操作装置及操作监控装置; 车体上还设有一个贮果斗及驱动贮果斗翻转的翻斗油缸。 进一步地, 果实采摘设备还包括一个收果单元; 收果单元包括可操作翻转至与贮 果斗对接的主斗、 伸缩斗、 铰接在车体上或贮果斗的后翻转油缸、 前翻转油缸及翻转 臂; 伸缩斗可操作地伸出主斗外或收缩至容纳在主斗内; 前翻转油缸的缸体铰接在主 斗的侧壁, 且前翻转油缸的活塞杆与伸缩斗铰接; 翻转臂的第一端与主斗的第一端刚 性连接, 翻转臂的第二端铰接于后翻转油缸的活塞杆。 进一步地, 收果单元还包括一个四连杆机构; 四连杆机构与主斗和伸缩斗铰接; 前翻转油缸的活塞杆通过四连杆机构与伸缩斗铰接, 实现伸缩斗的翻转。 进一步地, 工作臂包括第一端铰接在悬臂的摆动端臂、 第一端铰接在摆动端臂第 二端的偏转端臂、 第一端铰接在偏转端臂第二端的转动端臂; 悬臂和摆动端臂之间设 有驱动摆动端臂变幅的第二变幅油缸或第一摆转马达; 摆动端臂和偏转端臂之间设有 驱动偏转端臂偏转的偏转油缸或第二摆转马达; 偏转端臂和转动端臂之间设有驱动转 动端臂摆动的摆转油缸或第三摆转马达。 进一步地, 转动端臂呈中空的筒状, 在转动端臂滑动连接有一进给端臂, 及驱动 进给端臂运动的进刀油缸, 进刀油缸两端分别与转动端臂和进给端臂连接; 进给端臂 上设有驱动切割工具的切割马达; 切割工具安装在切割马达上, 且切割工具为旋转刀 片。 进一步地, 在转动端臂的第二端连接有驱动切割工具的切割马达; 切割工具与切 割马达连接, 且切割工具为链锯。 进一步地, 果实采摘设备还包括一个握果油缸, 握果油缸的缸体与转动端臂固定 连接, 握果油缸的活塞杆上设有一个能定位待采摘果实的抓取工具。 进一步地, 还包括与切割马达传动联接的减速箱, 且切割工具与减速箱的输出轴 传动连接。 进一步地, 车体包括一个行走底盘及工作平台; 工作平台固定在行走底盘上; 贮 果斗铰接在工作平台上, 且操作室设置在工作平台上; 工作平台上还设有一个可转动 的偏转头及驱动偏转头转动的偏转油缸; 悬臂铰接在偏转头上, 且第一变幅油缸的缸 座铰接在偏转头上。 进一步地, 车体包括一个行走底盘及位于行走底盘上的旋转工作平台; 悬臂和第 一变幅油缸的缸座均铰接在旋转工作平台上。 进一步地, 悬臂包括第一节臂、 滑动安装在第一节臂腔内的第二节臂、 滑动安装 在第二节臂腔内的第三节臂; 缸座连接在第一节臂上, 活塞杆连接在第二节臂上的伸 缩油缸; 第二节臂的第一端设有第一定滑轮, 第二节臂的第二端设有第二定滑轮; 第 一节臂的第二端设有第三定滑轮; 悬臂还包括伸臂链条和收臂链条, 其中, 伸臂链条 的第一端固定在伸缩油缸的缸座或第一节臂上, 伸臂链条的第二端绕过第二定滑轮后 固定在第三节臂上; 收臂链条的第一端固定在伸缩油缸的缸座或第一节臂上, 收臂链 条的第二端依次绕过第三定滑轮和第一定滑轮后固定在第三节臂上; 第一变幅油缸的 活塞杆铰接在第一节臂上。 进一步地, 第三节臂的第二端上还固定有连接臂, 工作臂铰接在连接臂上。 进一步地, 果实采摘设备还包括一个收果单元; 收果单元包括位于切割工具下方 的接果斗及连接接果斗和贮果斗的落果通道。 进一步地, 接果斗挂在工作臂上或者固定在悬臂上。 进一步地, 落果通道包括布袋、 拉绳、 间隔地缝接在布袋上的钢圈及固定在车体 上的收线器; 布袋的进果口联接在接果斗, 布袋的出果口连接到贮果斗的上方; 每一 钢圈上间隔地焊有至少一个耳环; 拉绳的第一端固定在接料斗上, 第二端穿过钢圈上 对应的耳环后连接在收线器内。 在不冲突的情况下, 以上改进或优选技术方案可单独或合并实施。 本发明具有以下有益效果: 本发明的果实采摘设备通过操作监控装置来监视悬臂 及工作臂的运动, 以便于用户根据实际情况及时调整控制装置的控制, 从而准确、 快 速的进行采摘工作, 提高采摘效率, 实现采果的机械化作业, 且通过行走底盘移动, 移动方便机械化程度高; 此外, 通过伸缩式的悬臂、 摆动端臂、 偏转端臂和 /或转动端 臂的伸缩或偏转, 能实现切割工具位置和方向的三维变换, 方便地使切割工具靠近采 摘的果实。 除了上面所描述的目的、特征和优点之外, 本发明还有其它的目的、特征和优点。 下面将参照图, 对本发明作进一步详细的说明。 附图说明 构成本申请的一部分的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解, 本发明的示意性实 施例及其说明用于解释本发明, 并不构成对本发明的不当限定。 在附图中: 图 1是本发明果实采摘设备的第一实施例的结构示意图; 图 2是本发明实施例的悬臂的结构示意图; 图 3是本发明实施例的工作臂的结构示意图; 图 4是图 3中的工作臂的另外一个侧面的局部放大示意图; 图 5是图 3中的工作臂的切割工具的另外一个实施例的结构示意图; 图 6是图 3中的工作臂和悬臂的局部放大示意图; 图 7是本发明图 1的果实采摘设备的收果单元的第一种实施例的结构示意图; 图 8是图 7中沿着 A-A向剖视示意图; 图 9为图 7中收果单元的另外一种固定方式的示意图; 图 10为本发明图 1的果实采摘设备的收果单元的第二种实施例的结构示意图;以 及 图 11是本发明果实采摘设备的第二实施例的结构示意图。 具体实施方式 以下结合附图对本发明的实施例进行详细说明, 本部分的描述仅是示范性和解释 性, 而本发明可以由权利要求限定和覆盖的多种不同方式实施, 不应对本发明的保护 范围有任何的限制作用。 请参照图 1,本发明第一实施例的果实采摘设备包括可以移动的车体 2、安装在车 体 2上的贮果斗 12、 翻斗油缸 13、 铰接在车体 2上的可伸缩的悬臂 7、 连接在悬臂 7 上的可摆动的工作臂 8、第一变幅油缸 9及安装在工作臂 8上的切割工具 25。优选地, 为了便于收集被切割后的果实放入贮果斗 12内,本发明的果实采摘设备还设有收果单 元 3。 车体 2包括行走底盘 14、位于行走底盘 14上的工作平台 11、设在工作平台 11的 工作面上的偏转头 5、 驱动偏转头 5旋转的偏转油缸 51及固定在工作平台 11上的操 作室 1。优选的,行走底盘 14为履带式行走底盘。工作平台 11固定在行走底盘 14上; 偏转油缸 51的缸座铰接在工作平台 11上, 且可操作地驱动偏转头 5转动。 操作室 1 内设置有操作装置 10及操作监控装置 (图未示)。 贮果斗 12铰接在和操作室 1相对一端的工作平台 11上。翻斗油缸 13的缸座铰接 在车体 2上, 且翻斗油缸 13的活塞杆铰接在贮果斗 12的底部。 这样, 本发明的果实 采摘设备通过操作装置 10控制悬臂 7及工作臂 8运动而采摘果实,采摘的果实存放在 贮果斗 12内; 当贮果斗 12装满了之后, 通过操作翻斗油缸 13的伸缩使贮果斗 12翻 转完成卸料和贮果斗 12的复位。在上述过程中,通过操作监控装置来监视悬臂 7及工 作臂 8的运动, 以便于用户根据实际情况及时调整控制装置 10的控制, 从而准确、快 速的进行采摘工作,机械化程度高,且通过操作室 1操作行走底盘 14移动,移动方便。 请结合参照图 2, 悬臂 7包括第一端铰接在偏转头 5上的第一节臂 15、 滑动安装 在第一节臂 15腔内的第二节臂 16、滑动安装在第二节臂 16腔内的第三节臂 17、伸臂 链条 19、 收臂链条 18、 伸缩油缸 6及连接臂 82。 伸缩油缸 6的缸座固定于第一节臂 15的第一端处, 伸缩油缸 6的活塞杆固定于第二节臂 16上。 第二节臂 16的第一端设 有第一定滑轮 36,第二节臂 16的第二端设有第二定滑轮 38; 第一节臂 15的第二端设 有第三定滑轮 37。 伸臂链条 19的第一端固定在伸缩油缸 6的缸座上或者固定在第一 节臂 15上, 伸臂链条 19的第二端绕过第二定滑轮 38后固定在第三节臂 17上。 收臂 链条 18的第一端固定在伸缩油缸 6的缸座上或者第一节臂 15上,收臂链条 18的第二 端依次绕过第三定滑轮 37和第一定滑轮 36后固定在第三节臂 17的第一端上。连接臂 82的第一端固定在第三节臂 17的第二端。 当第二节臂 16在伸缩油缸 6的带动下伸出 时,通过伸臂链条 19带动第三节臂 17伸出; 当第二节臂 16在伸缩油缸 6带动下收缩 时, 通过收臂链条 18带动第三节臂 17收缩, 以实现第二节臂 16、 第三节臂 17和伸 缩油缸 6同步伸缩。 这样, 根据待采摘的果实的高度, 可操作伸缩油缸 6, 以调整悬 臂 7的长度, 可以方便的采摘生长位置较高、 较远的果实。 第一变幅油缸 9的缸座铰接在偏转头 5上, 且第一变幅油缸 9的活塞杆固定在第 一节臂 15上。 通过驱动该第一变幅油缸 9, 以控制第一节臂 15绕着偏转头 5转动, 从而带动第二及第三节臂 16、 17转动。 前述偏转油缸 51可驱动偏转头 5转动, 从而 带动悬臂 7转动, 这样, 根据果实的不同位置, 悬臂 7既可以调节高度, 又可以调整 方向、长度, 从而使得连接在悬臂 7上的工作臂 8和切割工具 25可以找到最佳的切割 位置, 方便采摘。 请结合参照图 3和图 4, 工作臂 8包括第一端铰接在连接臂 82上的摆动端臂 29、 第一端铰接在摆动端臂 29的第二端的偏转端臂 27、第一端铰接在偏转端臂 27的第二 端的转动端臂 28及安装在转动端臂 28的第二端的进给端壁 39。 连接臂 82上固定有 第二变幅油缸 20, 且该第二变幅油缸 20的活塞杆固定在摆动端臂 29上, 以驱动摆动 端臂 29上下变幅; 优选地,第二变幅油缸 20的活塞杆通过连杆机构 83固定在摆动端 臂 29上。 切割工具 25安装在进给端臂 39上。 摆动端臂 29上铰接有偏转油缸 21, 且偏转油缸 21的活塞杆铰接在偏转端臂 27, 以实现偏转端臂 27左右变幅。 摆转油缸 22铰接在偏转端臂 27上, 且摆转油缸 22的 活塞杆铰接在转动端臂 28上,以实现转动端臂 28的摆转。转动端臂 28呈中空的筒状, 且进给端臂 39滑动安装在转动端臂 28的空腔内。转动端臂 28的空腔内还连接有进刀 油缸 23, 且进刀油缸 23的活塞杆端连接在进给端臂 39上, 以驱动进给端臂 39伸缩。 进给端臂 39内部安装有驱动切割工具 25的切割马达 24。 切割工具 25与切割马达 24 连接。 利用进刀油缸 23驱动进给端臂 39伸缩, 以实现切割工具 25的前后进刀动作, 当切割工具 25靠近果实时,操作切割马达 24驱动切割工具 25旋转, 以完成对果实的 切割。 优选地, 还设有一个与切割马达 24传动联接的减速箱 26, 且使切割工具 25与 减速箱 26的输出轴传动连接。这样, 切割马达 24的驱动经变速箱 26变速后再驱动切 割工具 25旋转, 以便于得到更适合切割工具 25的转速。 在本实施方式中, 切割工具 25为锯片, 优选地, 该锯片为圆形。 在其它实施方式中, 切割工具 25也可以为压力 剪, 压力剪用油缸直接驱动, 无需设置切割马达 24。 在其它实施方式中, 第二变幅油 缸 20、 偏转油缸 21、 摆转油缸 22也可以分别用第一、 第二及第三摆转马达替代。 在 其它的实施方式中, 也可以不用设置连接臂 82, 而是使摆动端臂 29直接铰接在第三 节臂 17的第二端,并使第二变幅油缸 20或第一摆转马达固定在第三节臂 17的第二端。 请参照图 5, 在另外一个实施方式中, 切割工具 25a为链锯。 此时, 工作臂 8无 需设置进给端壁 39及驱动进给端壁 39的进刀油缸 23。 这样, 切割马达 24和减速箱 26直接固定在转动端臂 28上。 优选地, 请结合参见图 6, 转动端臂 28的外侧壁上还固定设有一个握果油缸 30。 具体地, 握果油缸 30的缸体固定联接在转动端臂 28上, 握果油缸 30的活塞杆端设有 能定位待采摘果实的抓取工具 82。 优选地, 抓取工具 82为能剌入果子的矛。 摘果时, 握果油缸 30驱动抓取工具 82伸出并剌入果子内, 以将果子固定; 之后, 再驱动切割 工具 25或者 25a切割果实根部, 切割完后操作工作臂 8 向下方摆动并缩回抓取工具 82; 此时, 被切割后的果子则落入贮果斗 12中。 当需要使用本发明的果实采摘设备采摘果子时, 通过操作室 1 操作行走底盘 14 行走, 并通过操作室 1操作偏转油缸 51、 第一变幅油缸 9、 伸缩油缸 6运动, 以使悬 臂 7带动工作臂 8靠近待采摘的果实。 再通过操作室 1操作控制第二变幅油缸 20、 偏 转油缸 21及摆转油缸 22运动, 以使切割工具 25或 25a对准果实; 当切割工具 25或 25a对准果实后, 操作切割马达 24驱动切割工具 25或 25a旋转, 以完成对待采摘的 果实的切割。 此时, 被切割后的果实放入贮果斗 12内。 经过多次采摘, 贮果斗 12内 的果实装满后, 通过操作室 1控制翻斗油缸 13运动, 使贮果斗 12先向后翻转完成卸 料后再复位。 请结合参见图 7和图 8, 本发明的果实采摘设备的收果单元 3的第一实施方式包 括接果斗 31及连接结果斗 31和贮果斗 12的落果通道 4。 接果斗 31呈两端开口的锥 形筒状, 接果斗 31通过绳索 311挂在转动端臂 28上, 且接果斗 31的上端口与切割工 具 25的下方对齐, 以便于被切割后的果子先落入该接果斗 31,然后再通过落果通道 4 落入贮果斗 12中。落果通道 4包括布袋 41、 至少一拉绳 43、若干钢圈 45及固定在偏 转头 5上的收线器 47。 布袋 41的进果口联接在接料斗 31的下端口, 布袋 41的出果 口连接到贮果斗 12上方。每一钢圈 45的周缘上间隔焊有至少一个便于拉绳 43通过的 耳环 451。 布袋 41缝入若干钢圈 45, 以便于撑开布袋 41。 优选地, 钢圈 45均匀间隔 地缝入。每一个拉绳 43的第一端固定在接料斗 31上, 每一个拉绳 43的第二端穿过每 一个钢圈 45上的对应的耳环 451后联接在收线器 47上。收线器 47中装有弹簧, 当悬 臂 7收缩或工作臂 8向下变幅时弹簧的拉力将拉绳 43 自动收回, 使布袋 41收缩并保 持拉绳 43拉紧状态; 当悬臂 7伸长或工作臂 8向上变幅, 拉绳 43的拉力强度能克服 收线器 47内的弹簧的拉力放长。 根据需要, 收线器 47也可以安装在车体 2上。 请结合参照图 9, 在其它实施方式中, 上述接果斗 31也可以固定连接在悬臂 7的 第三节臂 17上。 请参照图 10, 本发明的果实采摘设备的收果单元 3a 的第二实施方式包括主斗 123a、 可操作翻转容纳在主斗 123a内的伸缩斗 121a、 驱动伸缩斗 121a翻转的前翻转 油缸 125a、铰接在贮果斗 12的翻转臂 127a及铰接在贮果斗 12上的后翻转油缸 126a, 翻转臂 127a的第一端与主斗 123a的第一端刚性连接,翻转臂 127a的第二端铰接于后 翻转油缸 126a的活塞杆。翻转臂 127a和后翻转油缸 126a也可以铰接在车体 2的其它 位置或工作平台 11上, 然而两者不适宜分开铰接在车体 2和可翻转的贮果斗 12上。 优选地, 收果单元 3a还包括铰接在主斗 123a的内侧壁的四连杆机构 129a, 且前翻转 油缸 125a的活塞杆通过四连杆机构 129a与伸缩斗 121a铰接。这样, 通过前翻转油缸 125a驱动四连杆机构 129a运动, 从而驱动伸缩斗 121a伸出或收缩至容纳在主斗 123a 内。 在其它实施方式中, 伸缩斗 121a可滑动地连接在主斗 123a上, 前翻转油缸 125a 的缸座连接在主斗 123a的内侧壁,且前翻转油缸 125a的活塞杆铰接在伸缩斗 121a上, 这样, 通过操作前翻转油缸 125a的活塞杆的伸缩, 使得伸缩斗 121a伸出至主斗 123a 的外面或收回至容纳在主斗 123a内。 在摘果过程中, 通过操作后翻转油缸 126a使主斗 123a移出车体, 至切割工具 25 或 25a的下方, 以便于被切割完成后的果实落入该主斗 123a内。 当主斗 123a内的果 实装满后, 通过操作室 1控制后翻转油缸 126a运动, 使主斗 123a先向后翻转以将主 斗 123a内的果实落入贮果斗 12内。 根据果实掉落位置的不同, 可选择地操作前翻转 油缸 125a, 以驱动伸缩斗 121a伸出, 从而使被切割完成后的果实落入该伸缩斗 121a 内, 操作方便, 且避免了距离的限制, 扩大了采摘果实的范围。 具体地, 果实掉落距 离车体 2位置远则放下伸缩斗 121a, 果实掉落距离车体 2位置近则回收伸缩斗 121a。 在其它实施方式中, 伸缩斗 121a 也可选择滑动伸缩式, 即是: 无需设置四连杆机构 129a, 而是在主斗 123a的内侧壁上设有滑槽, 且在伸缩斗 121a的外侧壁上设有凸柱, 且使得该凸柱滑动卡合在该滑槽内, 以便于导引伸缩斗 121a伸缩。 请参照图 11, 本发明第二实施例的果实采摘设备与上述的本发明的第一实施例的 果实采摘设备的区别在于:工作平台 11a为旋转平台,其安装在行走底盘 14上。这样, 本发明第二实施例的果实采摘设备无需设置偏转头 5、 驱动偏转头 5旋转的偏转油缸 51。悬臂 7的第一节臂 15直接铰接在工作平台 11a上, 且第一变幅油缸 9的缸座也直 接铰接在工作平台 11a上。 以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已, 并不用于限制本发明, 对于本领域的技 术人员来说, 本发明可以有各种更改和变化。 凡在本发明的精神和原则之内, 所作的 任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等, 均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种果实采摘设备, 包括可移动的车体、 铰接在所述车体上的可伸缩的悬臂、 驱动所述悬臂变幅的第一变幅油缸、 铰接在所述悬臂上的工作臂及安装在所述 工作臂上的切割工具;
所述第一变幅油缸的缸座铰接在所述车体上, 且所述第一变幅油缸的活塞 杆铰接在所述悬臂上;
其特征在于: 所述车体还包括一个操作室, 所述操作室内设有操作装置及 操作监控装置;
所述车体上还设有一个贮果斗及驱动所述贮果斗翻转的翻斗油缸。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的果实采摘设备, 其特征在于, 所述果实采摘设备还包括 一个收果单元;
所述收果单元包括可操作翻转至与所述贮果斗对接的主斗; 伸缩斗; 铰接 在所述车体上或所述贮果斗上的后翻转油缸; 前翻转油缸及翻转臂;
所述伸缩斗可操作地伸出所述主斗外或收缩至容纳在所述主斗内; 所述前翻转油缸的缸体铰接在所述主斗的侧壁, 且所述前翻转油缸的活塞 杆与所述伸缩斗铰接;
所述翻转臂的第一端与所述主斗的第一端刚性连接, 所述翻转臂的第二端 铰接于所述后翻转油缸的活塞杆。
3. 根据权利要求 2所述的果实采摘设备, 其特征在于, 所述收果单元还包括一个 四连杆机构; 所述四连杆机构与所述主斗和所述伸缩斗铰接;
所述前翻转油缸的活塞杆通过所述四连杆机构与所述伸缩斗铰接, 实现所 述伸缩斗的翻转。
4. 根据权利要求 1所述的果实采摘设备, 其特征在于,
所述工作臂包括第一端铰接在所述悬臂的摆动端臂、 第一端铰接在所述摆 动端臂第二端的偏转端臂、 第一端铰接在所述偏转端臂第二端的转动端臂; 所述悬臂和所述摆动端臂之间设有驱动所述摆动端臂变幅的第二变幅油缸 或第一摆转马达; 所述摆动端臂和所述偏转端臂之间设有驱动所述偏转端臂偏转的偏转油缸 或第二摆转马达;
所述偏转端臂和所述转动端臂之间设有驱动所述转动端臂摆动的摆转油缸 或第三摆转马达。 根据权利要求 4所述的果实采摘设备, 其特征在于, 所述转动端臂呈中空的筒 状, 在所述转动端臂滑动连接有一进给端臂, 及驱动所述进给端臂运动的进刀 油缸, 所述进刀油缸两端分别与所述转动端臂和进给端臂连接;
所述进给端臂上设有驱动所述切割工具的切割马达;
所述切割工具安装在所述切割马达上, 且所述切割工具为旋转刀片。 根据权利要求 4所述的果实采摘设备, 其特征在于, 在所述转动端臂的第二端 连接有驱动所述切割工具的切割马达; 所述切割刀具与所述切割马达连接, 且 所述切割刀具为链锯。 根据权利要求 5或 6所述的果实采摘设备, 其特征在于, 所述果实采摘设备还 包括一个握果油缸, 所述握果油缸的缸体固定连接在所述转动端臂, 所述握果 油缸的活塞杆上设有一个能定位待采摘果实的抓取工具。 根据权利要求 5或 6所述的果实采摘设备, 其特征在于, 还包括与所述切割马 达传动联接的减速箱, 且所述切割工具与所述减速箱的输出轴传动连接。 根据权利要求 1所述的果实采摘设备, 其特征在于, 所述车体包括一个行走底 盘及工作平台;
所述工作平台固定在所述行走底盘上;
所述贮果斗铰接在所述工作平台上,且所述操作室设置在所述工作平台上; 所述工作平台上还设有一个可转动的偏转头及驱动所述偏转头转动的偏转 油缸;
所述悬臂铰接在所述偏转头上, 且所述第一变幅油缸的缸座与所述偏转头 铰接。 根据权利要求 1所述的果实采摘设备, 其特征在于, 所述车体包括一个行走底 盘及位于所述行走底盘上的旋转工作平台; 所述悬臂和所述第一变幅油缸的缸 座均铰接在所述旋转工作平台上。
11. 根据权利要求 1、 9或 10任一项所述的果实采摘设备, 其特征在于, 所述悬臂 包括第一节臂、 滑动安装在所述第一节臂腔内的第二节臂、 滑动安装在所述第 二节臂腔内的第三节臂; 缸座连接在所述第一节臂上, 活塞杆连接在所述第二 节臂上的伸缩油缸;
所述第二节臂的第一端设有第一定滑轮, 所述第二节臂的第二端设有第二 定滑轮;
所述第一节臂的第二端设有第三定滑轮;
所述悬臂还包括伸臂链条和收臂链条, 其中, 所述伸臂链条的第一端固定 在所述伸缩油缸的缸座或所述第一节臂上, 所述伸臂链条的第二端绕过所述第 二定滑轮后固定在所述第三节臂上;
所述收臂链条的第一端固定所述伸缩油缸的缸座或所述第一节臂上, 所述 收臂链条的第二端依次绕过所述第三定滑轮和所述第一定滑轮后固定在所述第 三节臂上;
所述第一变幅油缸的活塞杆铰接在所述第一节臂上。
12. 根据权利要求 11所述的果实采摘设备,其特征在于,所述第三节臂的第二端上 还固定有连接臂, 所述工作臂铰接在所述连接臂上。
13. 根据权利要求 1所述的果实采摘设备, 其特征在于, 所述果实采摘设备还包括 一个收果单元;
所述收果单元包括位于所述切割工具下方的接果斗及连接所述接果斗和所 述贮果斗的落果通道。
14. 根据权利要求 13所述的果实采摘设备,其特征在于,所述接果斗挂在所述工作 臂上; 或者固定在所述悬臂上。
15. 根据权利要求 13所述的果实采摘设备, 其特征在于, 所述落果通道包括布袋、 拉绳、 间隔地缝接在布袋上的钢圈、 固定在所述车体上的收线器;
所述布袋的进果口联接在所述接果斗, 所述布袋的出果口连接到所述贮果 斗的上方;
每一钢圈上间隔焊有至少一个耳环; 所述拉绳的第一端固定在所述接料斗上, 第二端穿过钢圈上对应的耳环后 连接在所述收线器内。
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