WO2013093613A1 - Servers, display devices, scrolling methods and methods of generating heatmaps - Google Patents

Servers, display devices, scrolling methods and methods of generating heatmaps Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013093613A1
WO2013093613A1 PCT/IB2012/002820 IB2012002820W WO2013093613A1 WO 2013093613 A1 WO2013093613 A1 WO 2013093613A1 IB 2012002820 W IB2012002820 W IB 2012002820W WO 2013093613 A1 WO2013093613 A1 WO 2013093613A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
concept
heat
determining
zone
content
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/IB2012/002820
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Julient ROBINSON
Myriam Ribiere
Mathias BAGLIONI
Eric LECOLINET
Johann Daigremont
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alcatel Lucent SAS
Institut Mines Telecom IMT
Original Assignee
Alcatel Lucent SAS
Institut Telecom
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alcatel Lucent SAS, Institut Telecom filed Critical Alcatel Lucent SAS
Priority to KR1020147019620A priority Critical patent/KR101594791B1/ko
Priority to JP2014548242A priority patent/JP5859673B2/ja
Publication of WO2013093613A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013093613A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F40/00—Handling natural language data
    • G06F40/40—Processing or translation of natural language
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/30—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of unstructured textual data
    • G06F16/34—Browsing; Visualisation therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
    • G06F17/10—Complex mathematical operations
    • G06F17/17—Function evaluation by approximation methods, e.g. inter- or extrapolation, smoothing, least mean square method

Definitions

  • Example embodiments relate to servers, display devices and methods of generating heatmaps, and more particularly to semantic systems determining scrolling characteristics based on content annotation.
  • touch sensitive surfaces e.g., touch screens
  • Touch-sensitive surfaces bring new capabilities for interacting with documents as well as some limitations. For example, tabletops and smartphones including touch screens usually have no equivalent of mouse buttons and a mouse wheel. These limitations are overcome through new interaction techniques.
  • some solutions focus on associating new interactions to document behavior: tilt, acceleration, thumb pressure and the like are associated to scrolling, opening or closing.
  • pressure may serve as an alternative to multi-tap for text entry with different pressure levels for different letters on a key, and for a virtual keyboard, where pressure allows an uppercase switch.
  • pressure may facilitate one-handed continuous scrolling. When a pressure threshold is exceeded in a part of a touch screen, the contents start to scroll upwards or downwards, with the direction being adjustable via tiny thumb gestures.
  • flick gestures are generally proposed for scrolling through a document being displayed on a touch sensitive surface.
  • Common implementations of flicking involve kinetic scrolling: once a graphical object, for instance a list, has been metaphorically thrown by the user, the system simulates inertia (the object continues to move) as well as friction (the speed progressively decreases down to rest). The deceleration is automatically controlled by the system.
  • Flick-and-Brake scrolling is a variation of kinetic scrolling that lets the user control this deceleration by pressing a finger on the screen: the stronger the pressure, the stronger the deceleration, analogous to real world physics.
  • Different types of flick-and-brake scrolling have been proposed.
  • Modern analogues to paper annotations include electronic annotations, tags and the like.
  • Electronic annotations are often, but not always, user generated content.
  • social networks of readers may annotate electronic documents and the annotations may be centrally stored on a server.
  • Each member of the social network may access the content generated by other members of the social network.
  • Non-user generated content may include annotations produced by, for example, e-book publishers.
  • Example embodiments include methods of determining user interaction parameters based on a user goal, including conventionally unsearchable subject matter.
  • example embodiments include determining scrolling characteristics of an e-document by associating a user goal with a concept, associating user generated content related to the e- book with a concept by document zone (e.g., paragraph) and generating a heat map that maps the similarity between the user goal concept and the user generated content concept by zone.
  • Document zones in which there is a relatively strong measure of similarity between the user goal concept and the user generated content concept are "hot" while zones for which there is a weak measure of similarity are "cold.”
  • Scrolling characteristics of the e-document being displayed by an e-reader may be different by paragraph based on the heat map. For example, the greater a similarity between a search concept and a user generated content concept for a paragraph (e.g., the 'hotter' the paragraph), the slower a rate of scrolling of that paragraph. Accordingly, a user may scroll through a document looking for a particular context or a particular content in an e-document. The user's attention may be drawn to portions of the e-document relating to the context or content by a change in an interaction parameter of the e-reader displaying the e-document. For example, an e-document scrolling may slow down when 'hot' paragraphs are displayed.
  • a method of generating a heatmap includes receiving, at a first electronic device, first information associated with a first zone of a plurality of zones of a content item, determining at least one first concept related to the first information, receiving at least one target content characteristic, determining at least one second concept related to the at least one target content characteristic, and determining a first heat of the first zone based on the first and second concepts, the first heat representing a measure of similarity between the first and second concepts.
  • a scrolling method includes varying, by a content display device, at least one scroll characteristic based on a heatmap of correlation weights between a plurality of first concepts based on a content item and at least one second concept based on a user goal.
  • a server includes an interface and a semantic heatmap module configured to receive information associated with a plurality of zones of a content item, generate first concept clouds by associating first concepts to the information, the first concept clouds representing the first concepts, group the first concept clouds by zone, receive at least one target content characteristic, generate at least one second concept cloud by associating at least one second concept to the at least one target content characteristic, the second concept cloud representing the at least one second concept, and assign a zone heat to each of the zones by determining a similarity between the grouped first concept clouds associated to each of the zones and the at least one second concept cloud.
  • a display device includes a reading module, a braking module configured to vary at least one scroll characteristic of the display device based on a heatmap of weighted correlations between a plurality of first concepts based on a content item and at least one second concept based on a user goal, and an I/O device.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a semantic system according to an example embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of generating a heat map according to an example embodiment
  • FIGS. 3A-3D are flow diagrams illustrating methods of using heatmaps according to example embodiments.
  • FIG. 4 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of generating an e-book heat map according to an example embodiment
  • FIG. 5 is a flow diagram illustrating a scroll method according to an example embodiment.
  • the distances may be used to determine the relevancy of each concept to the target characteristic and to generate semantic clouds associated with the target characteristic. Accordingly, natural language may be changed into semantic concepts by a semantic processing algorithm.
  • the content information module 145 may receive content information from the database 130 and cause the content information to be semantically processed.
  • the heatmap module may obtain content information from the database 130 and / or information related to the content information from a dictionary database 155.
  • the content information module 140 may send the content information and/ or information obtained from the dictionary database 130 to a semantic processing application server 160.
  • a semantic processing application server 160 may be a server that semantically processes information.
  • the content information module 145 may receive semantic cloud(s) associated to the content information from the semantic processing application server 160.
  • each heat may be set to a fixed value, for example, a "1 ,” or related to other parameters, for example, the creation date of the content information (e.g., more recent annotations result in "hotter” zones).
  • the server 105 may send the content and the heatmap to the client 100 through the interface 175 (e.g., a network interface).
  • the reading module 1 15 may include a display and application software and/ or hardware to drive the display.
  • the reading module 1 15 may display content to the user and control display characteristics of the content.
  • the display characteristics may include, for example, scrolling characteristics.
  • a scrolling characteristic may be, for example, a type of scrolling (e.g., flick and brake), a speed of scrolling, a scrolling rate of change of scrolling (acceleration/ deceleration) and/ or the like.
  • the braking module 120 may supply values for at least one display characteristic to the reading module 1 15.
  • the values may be determined by the braking module 120 from a heatmap of the document being displayed.
  • the reading module 1 15 may control the display of an electronic document based on the values of the display characteristic supplied by the braking module 120.
  • the functions of various components and modules may be consolidated to a single device, may be segregated between additional devices, may be performed differently and/or the like.
  • the content information module may access the semantic ontology database 150 and generate concept clouds without the use of the semantic processing application server 160.
  • the targe t+ context module 140 may utilize the semantic processing application server 160 rather than generating the concept clouds.
  • the client 100 may perform each function of the server 105 and the server 105 may not be used.
  • a display device includes a reading module, a braking module configured to vary at least one scroll characteristic of the display device based on a heatmap of weighted correlations between a plurality of first concepts based on a content item and at least one second concept based on a target characteristic, and an I/O device.
  • FIG. 2 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of generating a heat map according to an example embodiment.
  • content information related to one or more content zones (S200) and one or more target characteristics of content (S210) may be received.
  • the content information may be semantically processed to generate one or more zone semantic clouds (S205) and the target characteristic(s) may be processed to generate one or more target characteristic semantic clouds (S215).
  • the target semantic clouds may be correlated to the zone semantic clouds to determine zone correlation weights (e.g., heats) (S220).
  • a content heat map may be generated using the zone heats (S225).
  • FIGS. 3A-3D are flow diagrams illustrating methods of using heatmaps according to example embodiments. Although four methods are described in FIGS. 3A-3D with respect to different types of electronic media, these methods are provided to demonstrate the broad applicability of example embodiments to various types of electronic media. However, example embodiments are not limited to the specific methods and/ or electronic media described herein.
  • a heatmap may be received by a client 100 and/or generated by a server 105 (S305).
  • the heatmap may include heats for each paragraph of an e-document and/ or for zones of a picture.
  • the heatmap may be used, for example, to determine a scrolling speed and/or a scrolling rate of change (e.g., acceleration/ deceleration) of each paragraph and/ or picture being displayed on an electronic device (S310).
  • the electronic device may include the client 100.
  • a heatmap may be received by a client 100 and/or generated by a server 105 (S315).
  • the heatmap may include heats for each video segment of a video.
  • the heatmap may be used by a display device including the client 100 to determine a playback speed and/ or a playback rate of change of each video segment of the video (S320).
  • a heatmap may be a heatmap of a video.
  • a viewing goal and electronic tags related to video segments may be semantically processed. For example, a video segment may be "hot" when a viewing goal is "irony” and tags related to a video segment are associated to concepts related to irony.
  • a display device in a fast- forwarding mode may fast-forward through the video. Upon reaching a video segment, the fast- forwarding speed may increase, decrease or be maintained, based on the heat of the video segment and a heat of a video segment displayed just prior to the current video segment. For example, if the video segment corresponds to the hottest zone of the video, the fast- forwarding speed may be reduced and/or the video playback may be changed to a normal viewing playback speed when the hottest video segment is displayed.
  • a heatmap may be received by a client 100 and/or generated by a server 105 (S325).
  • the heatmap may include heats for each document in a document list.
  • the heatmap may be used by a client 100 to determine a scrolling speed and/ or a scrolling rate of change of the document list (S330).
  • the heatmap may include heats for a list of documents saved in a database (e.g., an index). For example, a target characteristic of "irony" and notes made using a note function in each of the documents may be semantically processed. A document may be "hot" when the notes corresponding to the document are associated to concepts related to irony.
  • a speed of the scrolling may be increased, decreased or maintained based on the heat of the hot document and a heat of the document displayed just prior to the current document. For example, if the currently displayed document name corresponds to the hottest document in the document list, the scrolling speed may be reduced and/or the scrolling may be briefly paused.
  • a heatmap may be received by a client 100 and/or generated by a server 105 (S335).
  • the heatmap may include heats for each website listing in a website list.
  • the heatmap may be used by a client 100 to determine a scrolling speed and/ or a scrolling rate of change of the website list (S340).
  • a heatmap may include heats for internet websites listed on a golf related webpage. Reviews of the websites available on the web 1 10 and a target characteristic of "golf metaphors" may be semantically processed. An internet website may be "hot” when the reviews are associated to concepts related to golf metaphors.
  • a speed of the scrolling may be increased, decreased or maintained based on the heat of the website listing and a heat of the website listing displayed just prior to the current website listing. For example, if the currently displayed internet website listing corresponds to the hottest website listing in the website list, the scrolling speed may be reduced and/ or the scrolling may be briefly paused.
  • example embodiments described with respect to FIGS. 3A-3D include increasing, decreasing or maintaining a scrolling speed
  • heats may be assigned one of two values so that scrolling is in effect a jumping between "hot" content.
  • a scroll characteristic may be a braking factor.
  • Other display characteristics such as magnification, brightness, contrast, rotation, and the like are also contemplated by example embodiments. Further, various combinations of display characteristic determinations are contemplated by example embodiments.
  • FIG. 4 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of generating an e-book heat map according to an example embodiment.
  • a server 105 may receive a reading goal and a request for an electronic publication (e-Pub) e-book from a client 100 (S405).
  • One or more annotations corresponding to the e-book may be retrieved from the database 130 (S410).
  • the annotations may be semantically processed by the semantic heatmap module 135 to generate one or more annotation clouds (S415).
  • the server 105 may send the reading goal to a semantic processing application server 160 (S430).
  • one or more reading goal clouds may be received by the server 105 from the semantic processing application server 160 (S435).
  • the server 105 may determine a measure of similarity between the reading goal cloud(s) and the annotation cloud(s) to determine annotation heats (S420).
  • the annotation heats may be grouped by paragraph.
  • the server 105 may determine paragraph heats from the grouped annotation heats.
  • a paragraph heat may be the sum of the heats of the annotations associated to the paragraph.
  • a chapter heatmap may be generated for a chapter of the e-book by compiling the paragraph heats of the chapter (e.g., generating a mapping between paragraph heats and paragraphs of the chapter) (S425).
  • the chapter heatmap and the corresponding chapter of the e-book may be sent to the client 100 (S440).
  • a heatmap may be generated for each of the chapters of the e-book and the server 105 may send an e-book heatmap and the entire e-book to the client 100.
  • the annotations may be sent to the semantic processing application server 160 in S430 and the reading goal may be semantically processed in the heatmap module 135 in S415.
  • both of the annotations and the reading goal may be processed by only the heatmap module 135 or by only the semantic processing application server.
  • all processing may be performed by the client 100.
  • FIG. 5 is a flow diagram illustrating a scrolling method according to an example embodiment.
  • a client 100 may receive a request for an e-Pub e-book from a user (S505).
  • the client 100 determines that a heatmap feature is "on.”
  • the client 100 may prompt the user for a reading goal (S510).
  • the reading goal and a request for the e- book may be sent to the server 105 (S515).
  • the requested e-book and a heatmap of the e-book may be received by the client 100 from the server 105 (S520).
  • the client 100 may display the e-book to the user, for example, by chapter.
  • the client 100 may determine when a paragraph of the chapter is being displayed (S525).
  • a scroll braking factor of the display may be determined based on the currently displayed paragraph and the heatmap (S530). According to at least one example embodiment, the scroll braking factor may be determined prior to display of the paragraph. Based on the current value, the scroll braking factor of the display may be increased, decreased or maintained (S535).
  • the braking factor may be changed or maintained relative to a default value. If the current paragraph follows a previous paragraph, the braking factor may be changed or maintained based on a relative heat of the current paragraph with respect to the previous paragraph. For example, the greater a heat of the paragraph the greater the braking factor may be.
  • An example braking formula may be: a + b * (sum (heat, for each currently displayed paragraph)), where a and b are parameters to be set by user experimentation and relative to the possible values of heat.
  • a user may launch scrolling on a display in a flick and brake mode of the client 100 with a flick of a thumb.
  • the scrolling may be braked so that the scrolling gradually stops.
  • the braking may be greater when a "hot” paragraph is displayed and slower when a "cold” paragraph is displayed.
  • a thumb gesture is less efficient for hot zones so that acceleration is slower.
  • a scrolling method includes receiving, at a first electronic device, first information associated with a first zone of a plurality of zones of a content item, determining at least one first concept related to the first information, receiving at least one target content characteristic, determining at least one second concept related to the at least one target content characteristic, determining a first heat of the first zone based on the first and second concepts, the first heat representing a measure of similarity between the first and second concepts and determining at least one scroll characteristic of a display device based on the first heat.

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PCT/IB2012/002820 2011-12-20 2012-11-28 Servers, display devices, scrolling methods and methods of generating heatmaps Ceased WO2013093613A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR1020147019620A KR101594791B1 (ko) 2011-12-20 2012-11-28 서버들， 디스플레이 디바이스들， 스크롤링 방법들 및 히트맵들을 생성하는 방법들
JP2014548242A JP5859673B2 (ja) 2011-12-20 2012-11-28 サーバ、ディスプレイデバイス、スクロール方法、およびヒートマップを生成する方法

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US13/331,748 US8994755B2 (en) 2011-12-20 2011-12-20 Servers, display devices, scrolling methods and methods of generating heatmaps
US13/331,748 2011-12-20

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JP (1) JP5859673B2 (enExample)
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