WO2013091537A1 - 一种应用膜分离的检测方法及膜透明液 - Google Patents

一种应用膜分离的检测方法及膜透明液 Download PDF

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WO2013091537A1
WO2013091537A1 PCT/CN2012/086914 CN2012086914W WO2013091537A1 WO 2013091537 A1 WO2013091537 A1 WO 2013091537A1 CN 2012086914 W CN2012086914 W CN 2012086914W WO 2013091537 A1 WO2013091537 A1 WO 2013091537A1
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membrane
transparent liquid
film
refractive index
transparent
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PCT/CN2012/086914
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English (en)
French (fr)
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彭钧
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湖南省天骑医学新技术有限公司
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Priority to BR112014014224A priority Critical patent/BR112014014224A2/pt
Priority to RU2014126645A priority patent/RU2627395C2/ru
Priority to MYPI2014701613A priority patent/MY175220A/en
Publication of WO2013091537A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013091537A1/zh
Priority to IN1443MUN2014 priority patent/IN2014MN01443A/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/0027—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with additional separating or treating functions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D65/10—Testing of membranes or membrane apparatus; Detecting or repairing leaks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
    • B01D61/10—Accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
    • B01D2325/43—Specific optical properties
    • B01D2325/44—Specific light transmission

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  • the present invention relates to a method for detecting separation of applied membranes and a membrane transparent liquid which are transparent in the filtration and detection of a separation membrane using a membrane separation technique in the fields of medicine, biology, environmental science and the like.
  • Membrane separation refers to a method in which a pressure difference or the like is used as a driving force, a membrane is used as a separation medium, and a component in a liquid material is separated depending on the selectivity of the membrane; a filtration membrane, an ultrafiltration membrane, and the like. If the filter membrane is used as the separation medium, a certain pressure difference is applied to both sides of the filter membrane, so that the volume of the raw liquid side component is smaller than the pore size of the filtration membrane, and the substance of the original liquid component having a larger volume than the pore size of the filtration membrane is trapped. On the stock side of the filter membrane, separation of the stock solution group is thus achieved.
  • the Mycobacterium tuberculosis can be concentrated by membrane separation, and the Mycobacterium tuberculosis concentrated by membrane separation is adhered to the filter membrane, but since the filter membrane is not transparent, it is directly concentrated on the filter membrane.
  • the existing counting method is: the filtration membrane adhered with the suspended matter is washed in an alkaline solution, and the suspended matter is washed from the filtration membrane to the alkaline solution. Then, the suspended matter in the alkaline solution is counted, and finally the air quality related data is calculated. It is not only troublesome and inaccurate to detect the air quality by the existing method.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a detection method and a film transparent liquid which are capable of making a filtration membrane transparent so as to facilitate direct observation and counting of a substance adhering to a filtration membrane.
  • a method for detecting membrane separation in which a membrane transparent liquid is added to a filtration membrane during the detection of components trapped by the filtration membrane, so that the filtration membrane exhibits a transparent state; the filtration membrane is transparent
  • the material of the material properties is made of a non-transparent or translucent state after the preparation of the filter film, and the refractive index of the transparent liquid of the film and the refractive index of the material of the filter film are within ⁇ 10%.
  • the refractive index error of the material of the film transparent liquid and the filter film is within ⁇ 5%.
  • the refractive index error of the film transparent liquid and the filter film material is -0.155% to 1.81%.
  • the refractive index of the film clear liquid is the same as the refractive index of the material of the filter film.
  • the present invention employs such a filter membrane for optical morphology testing. That is, after the membrane separation, the filter membrane used for the morphological examination of the retentate attached to the membrane can be used under an optical microscope.
  • the method for detecting separation of a membrane wherein the material of the filtration membrane is polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF); the membrane transparent liquid is a mixture of paraffin oil and methyl silicone oil; or The film transparent liquid is a mixture of water and glycerin.
  • PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • the membrane transparent liquid is a mixture of paraffin oil and methyl silicone oil
  • the film transparent liquid is a mixture of water and glycerin.
  • the volume ratio between paraffin oil and methyl silicone oil is 1:1.8 ⁇ 2.2 Between. Most preferably, the volume ratio between paraffin oil and methyl silicone oil is 1:2.0.
  • the volume ratio between water and glycerol is 1: between 2.8 and 3.2. Most preferably the volume ratio between water and glycerol is 1: 3.0.
  • the refractive index of the film transparent liquid provided by the present invention is preferably within ⁇ 10% of the refractive index of the material of the filter film.
  • the material of the filter membrane was polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and its refractive index was 1.4193.
  • the membrane transparent liquid is mixed with paraffin oil and methyl silicone oil or water and glycerin.
  • the volume ratio between paraffin oil and methyl silicone oil is 1:1.8 ⁇ 2.2 Between. Their refractive index is 1.4170 ⁇ 1.4171.
  • the volume ratio between paraffin oil and methyl silicone oil was 1:2.0, and the obtained film transparent liquid was measured to have a refractive index of 1.4171.
  • the volume ratio between water and glycerin was 1:3.0, and the resulting film clear liquid was measured to have a refractive index of 1.4449.
  • the error of the refractive index of the film transparent liquid of the present invention and the refractive index of the material of the filter film is from 0.155% to 1.81%, which is one of the preferable conditions of the present invention.
  • volume ratio between water and glycerin may also be between 1:0.8 and 3.2.
  • Their refractive index is 1.3518 ⁇ 1.4450.
  • the filter membrane of the present invention is prepared from a material having a transparent material, but becomes non-transparent after the filter film is formed by molding.
  • a filter film prepared by using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) has a transparent material property of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF).
  • PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • the film becomes opaque.
  • the refractive index of the transparent liquid of the present invention is substantially the same as the refractive index of the filter membrane material
  • the transparent liquid of the membrane of the present invention enters the pores of the filtration membrane, so that the entire filtration membrane
  • the refractive index of the membrane transparent liquid including the filter membrane itself and the pores thereof is substantially the same, and the filtration membrane becomes transparent.
  • the specimen piece made of a transparent filter film is convenient for direct observation and counting. Therefore, the present invention realizes that the filter film becomes transparent to facilitate direct observation and counting of substances adhered to the filter film. purpose.
  • Figure 1 shows a picture of the filter membrane before the addition of the membrane clear liquid.
  • Figure 2 shows a picture of the effect of the filter membrane with buffer.
  • Fig. 3 is a view showing the effect of the filter film after the film transparent liquid of the present invention is added.
  • Figure 4 is the same three slides loaded with a filter membrane; the background paper is printed with grids and horizontal stripes; the slides are loaded with filter membrane from left to right, filter membrane with buffer and added A filter membrane for a transparent liquid is invented. Obviously, only the rightmost side of the slide with the filter film of the transparent liquid of the present invention can clearly see the lattice and horizontal stripes on the background paper.
  • the material of the filter membrane can be selected from polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and the refractive index thereof is 1.4193.
  • the transparent liquid can be prepared into a transparent liquid by the following method: 25 ml of distilled water, 75 ml of pure glycerin, and evenly mixed.
  • the refractive index of the film transparent liquid is 1.4449 .
  • the filter films in the photographs shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 are all common filter membranes made of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and the photograph shown in Fig. 1 shows that the finished filter membrane is in a non-transparent state; The photograph shown in Fig.
  • the filter film shows that after the filter film is added with a buffer, the buffer is filled into the pores of the filter membrane, because the refractive index of the buffer differs from the refractive index of the filter membrane material by the refractive index of the air and the material of the filter membrane.
  • the difference in refractive index is small, so the transparency of the photograph shown in Fig. 2 is better than that shown in Fig. 1.
  • the photograph shown in Fig. 3 shows that the filter film is filled with the transparent liquid of the above formula, and the transparent liquid of the membrane is filled into the filter membrane. In the hole, since the refractive index of the film transparent liquid is substantially the same as the refractive index of the filter film material, the photograph shown in Fig. 3 shows that the filter film becomes transparent.
  • Example 1 The present invention is used for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis:
  • the experimental process includes: preparing a specimen to be inspected ⁇ using a membrane separation device to concentrate the specimen, and the tubercle bacilli in the specimen to be inspected adhere to the filter membrane ⁇ ⁇ staining and cleaning the bacteria on the filter membrane ⁇ ⁇ adding to the membrane separation device Alcohol, the other liquid in the pores of the filter membrane is removed.
  • composition of the film transparent liquid of the present invention in the above embodiment is a mixture of paraffin oil and methyl silicone oil, and the volume ratio between the paraffin oil and the methyl silicone oil is 1: 2.0, the refractive index is 1.4171, and the refractive index error of the material of the film transparent liquid and the filter film is -0.155%.
  • Example 2 The present invention is used for cell detection experiments:
  • the experimental process includes: preparing a specimen to be inspected ⁇ using a membrane separation device to concentrate the specimen, and the cells in the specimen to be examined are attached to the filter membrane ⁇ ⁇ staining and washing the cells on the filter membrane ⁇ ⁇ removing the filter membrane from the membrane separation device
  • the membrane transparent liquid of the invention is added to the filtration membrane, and the membrane pore is filled with the membrane transparent liquid, and the filtration membrane is transparent ⁇ observation analysis.
  • composition of the transparent liquid of the present invention in the above embodiment is a mixture of water and glycerin, and the volume ratio between water and glycerin is 1: 3.0, the refractive index is 1.4449, and the refractive index error of the material of the film transparent liquid and the filter film is 1.8%.
  • the experimental process includes: air sampling ⁇ concentration of the specimen by the membrane separation device, and the suspended matter in the air specimen adheres to the filter membrane, and the filter membrane at this time is opaque ⁇ the filter membrane is taken out from the membrane separation device, and the filter membrane is discharged into the membrane.
  • the membrane transparent liquid of the invention is added, and the membrane pores are filled with the membrane transparent liquid, and the filtration membrane is transparent ⁇ observation count.
  • composition of the transparent liquid of the present invention in the above embodiment is a mixture of water and glycerin, and the volume ratio between water and glycerin is 1: 3.0;
  • the composition of the film transparent liquid of the present invention may also be: a mixture of paraffin oil and methyl silicone oil, and the volume ratio between the paraffin oil and the methyl silicone oil is 1:2.0.
  • Example 2 The other steps were the same as those in Example 1, and the refractive index of the mixture of 5.5 ml of glycerin and 4.5 ml of water was 1.3518. Compared with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), the refractive index error of the material of the transparent film and the filter membrane was -4.76%.
  • PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
  • Cosmetics (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
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Abstract

应用膜分离的检测方法及膜透明液，方法包括：在检测过滤膜所截留的成分过程中，采用膜透明液加入到过滤膜上，使得所述过滤膜呈现出透明的状态，过滤膜的材料具有透明材质性能，在制备完成后的过滤膜呈非透明或半透明状态，膜透明液的折光率与过滤膜材料的折光率的误差在±10%内。

Description

一种应用膜分离的检测方法及膜透明液 技术领域
本发明涉及一种在医学、生物学、环境学等领域中使用膜分离技术对分离物进行检验、检测过程中，将过滤膜变得透明的应用膜分离的检测方法及膜透明液。
背景技术
膜分离是指以压力差等为推动力，以膜为分离介质，依靠膜的选择性，将液料中的组分进行分离的方法；包括过滤膜，超滤膜等。如以过滤膜为分离介质，通过在过滤膜两边施加一定的压力差，使原液侧组分中体积小于过滤膜孔径的物质透过，而原液组分中体积大于过滤膜孔径的物质则被截留在过滤膜的原液侧，因而实现对原液组的分离。在医学、生物学领域的实验中可以用于对细胞、细菌的浓集等，在环境学领域的检测实验中可以用于对空气中的悬浮物进行浓集等等。在很多实验中都需要对浓集到的物质进行观察、计数，但现有的检测实验，由于过滤膜呈非透明或半透明，使得直接对浓集在过滤膜上的物质进行观察、计数变得困难甚至无法进行。例如，在结核病检验过程中，可以利用膜分离浓集结核杆菌，利用膜分离浓集到的结核杆菌粘附在过滤膜上，但由于过滤膜不大透明，使得直接对浓集在过滤膜上的结核杆菌进行观察、计数变得困难；再例如空气质量检测实验，一般是利用膜分离浓集悬浮物，且浓集的悬浮物粘附在过滤膜上，但由于过滤膜不大透明，造成无法直接对浓集在过滤膜上的悬浮物进行计数，现有的计数方法是：将粘附有悬浮物的过滤膜放在碱性溶液中清洗，悬浮物从过滤膜上清洗到碱性溶液中，然后对碱性溶液中的悬浮物进行计数，最后计算出空气质量相关数据，利用现有的方法检测空气质量不仅麻烦而且不准确。
 技术问题
本发明的目的是提供一种能够将过滤膜变得透明，以利于直接对粘附在过滤膜上的物质进行观察、计数的应用膜分离的检测方法及膜透明液。
 技术解决方案
为实现上述目的，本发明的技术方案是：
一种应用膜分离的检测方法，在检测过滤膜所截留的成分过程中，采用膜透明液加入到过滤膜上，使得所述的过滤膜显现出透明的状态；所述过滤膜是由具有透明材质性能的材料制成，在制备完成后的过滤膜却呈非透明或半透明状态，所述膜透明液的折光率与过滤膜的材料的折光率的误差在±10％内。
本发明特别优选所述膜透明液与过滤膜的材料的折光率误差在±5％内。
所述膜透明液与过滤膜材料的折光率误差为-0.155％~1.81％。
最优选的是膜透明液的折光率与过滤膜的材料的折光率相同。
本发明采用的是用于光学形态学检验的这一类过滤膜。即经膜分离后，仍能用光学显微镜下对附着于膜上的截留物质进行形态学检验的所使用的过滤膜。
所述的应用膜分离的检测方法，其所述的过滤膜的材料为聚偏二氟乙烯（PVDF）；所述的膜透明液由石蜡油和甲基硅油混合而成；或是所述的膜透明液由水和甘油混合而成。
所述的应用膜分离的检测方法，石蜡油和甲基硅油之间的体积比例为1:1.8~2.2 之间。最优选石蜡油和甲基硅油之间的体积比例为1: 2.0。
水和甘油之间的体积比例为1: 2.8~3.2之间。最优选水和甘油之间的体积比例为1: 3.0。
本发明所提供的膜透明液的折光率与过滤膜的材料的折光率相比误差在±10％内为宜。
过滤膜的材料为聚偏二氟乙烯（PVDF），其折光率为1.4193。
为使PVDF的过滤膜变得透明，所采用膜透明液由石蜡油和甲基硅油混合而成或是水和甘油混合而成.
其中石蜡油和甲基硅油之间的体积比例为1:1.8~2.2 之间。它们的折光率为1.4170~1.4171。
石蜡油和甲基硅油之间的体积比例为1: 2.0，所得的膜透明液经测得其折光率为1.4171。
其中水和甘油之间的体积比例为1: 2.8~3.2之间。因此所制得的膜透明液的折光率为1.4447~1.4450。
水和甘油之间的体积比例为1: 3.0，所得的膜透明液经测得其折光率为1.4449。
由上述优选膜透明液的方案可知，本发明所述膜透明液的折光率与过滤膜的材料的折光率的误差-0.155％~1.81％为本发明的优选条件之一。
另外，水和甘油之间的体积比例还可以为1:0.8~3.2之间。它们的折光率为1.3518~1.4450。
 有益效果
本发明的过滤膜是由具有透明材质的材料制备，但在成形制备得到过滤膜后，却变得不再透明。例如用聚偏二氟乙烯（PVDF）制备的过滤膜，聚偏二氟乙烯（PVDF）具有透明材质性能。但是在制成成品过滤膜后变得不透明，其原因是：成品过滤膜中密布有孔，这些孔中填充的空气的折光率与过滤膜的材料的折光率不同且相差较大，从而使得过滤膜变得不透明。
由于本发明膜透明液的折光率与过滤膜材料的折光率基本相同，当将本发明膜透明液加到过滤膜上后，本发明膜透明液进入到过滤膜的孔中，使得整个过滤膜包括过滤膜本身和其孔中的膜透明液的折光率基本相同，过滤膜变得透明。以透明的过滤膜为基片制成的标本片，方便直接观察、计数，因此，本发明实现了将过滤膜变得透明，以利于直接对粘附在过滤膜上的物质进行观察、计数的目的。
 附图说明
图1所示为未加入膜透明液前过滤膜的图片。
图2所示为过滤膜加有缓冲液后的效果图片。
图3所示为过滤膜加有本发明膜透明液后的效果图片。
上述3个图中负载有过滤膜的玻片放置于同一张背景纸上，为显示是否具有透明效果，背景纸上还打印有两行，不断重复的“透明液”这几个中文字，其中只有图3标注的加入透明液的过滤膜才可清晰看到中文字“透明液”。
图4为同样为分别负载有过滤膜的3个玻片；背景纸上打印有格子和横条纹；玻片从左至右分别负载有过滤膜、加有缓冲液后的过滤膜和加有本发明透明液的过滤膜。显然只有最右边的负载加有本发明透明液的过滤膜的玻片才可以清晰看到背景纸上的格子和横条纹。
 本发明的实施方式
以下实施例旨在说明本发明而不是对本发明的进一步限定。
过滤膜的材料可以选用聚偏二氟乙烯（PVDF），其折光率为1.4193，膜透明液可以用以下方法制备成膜透明液：取蒸馏水25ml，分析纯甘油75ml，混合均匀即可，此时膜透明液的折光率为1.4449 。图1、图2和图3所示的照片中的过滤膜都是用聚偏二氟乙烯（PVDF）制成的常用的过滤膜，图1所示的照片显示成品过滤膜呈非透明状态；图2所示的照片显示过滤膜加有缓冲剂后，缓冲液填充到过滤膜的孔中，由于缓冲液的折光率与过滤膜材料的折光率相差值比空气的折光率与过滤膜材料的折光率相差值小，所以图2所示照片的透明度比图1所示的透明度好；图3所示的照片显示过滤膜加有上述配方的膜透明液后，膜透明液填充到过滤膜的孔中，由于膜透明液的折光率与过滤膜材料的折光率基本相同，所以图3所示照片显示过滤膜变得透明。
下面再结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明：
实施例一：本发明用于结核杆菌检测实验：
实验过程包括：制作待检标本→→利用膜分离装置浓集标本，待检标本中的结核杆菌粘附到过滤膜上→→对过滤膜上细菌进行染色并清洗→→向膜分离装置中加入酒精，将过滤膜孔中的其它液体排除掉，此时，过滤膜孔中仅有酒精→→将过滤膜孔中的酒精挥发掉，过滤膜孔中由空气充满，此时的过滤膜不透明→→从膜分离装置中取出过滤膜，向过滤膜上加本发明膜透明液，过滤膜孔中充满膜透明液，过滤膜透明→→观察计数。
上述实施例中的本发明膜透明液的组成为：石蜡油和甲基硅油混合而成，石蜡油和甲基硅油之间的体积比例为1: 2.0，折光率为：1.4171，膜透明液与过滤膜的材料的折光率误差为-0.155%。
实施例二：本发明用于细胞检测实验：
实验过程包括：制作待检标本→→利用膜分离装置浓集标本，待检标本中的细胞附着到过滤膜上→→对过滤膜上细胞进行染色并清洗→→从膜分离装置中取出过滤膜，向过滤膜上加本发明膜透明液，过滤膜孔中充满膜透明液，过滤膜透明→→观察分析。
上述实施例中的本发明膜透明液的组成为：水和甘油混合而成，水和甘油之间的体积比例为1: 3.0，其折光率为：1.4449，膜透明液与过滤膜的材料的折光率误差为1.8%。
实施例三：用于空气质量检测实验：
实验过程包括：空气取样→→利用膜分离装置浓集标本，空气标本中的悬浮物粘附到过滤膜上，此时的过滤膜不透明→→从膜分离装置中取出过滤膜，向过滤膜中加本发明膜透明液，过滤膜孔中充满膜透明液，过滤膜透明→→观察计数。
上述实施例中的本发明膜透明液的组成为：水和甘油混合而成，水和甘油之间的体积比例为1: 3.0；本发明膜透明液的组成也可以为：石蜡油和甲基硅油混合而成，石蜡油和甲基硅油之间的体积比例为1: 2.0。
实施例4
其它步骤同实施例1，甘油5.5ml加水4.5ml混匀后折光率为1.3518，与聚偏二氟乙烯（PVDF）比较，膜透明液与过滤膜的材料的折光率误差为—4.76％。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种应用膜分离的检测方法，其特征是：在检测过滤膜所截留的成分过程中，采用膜透明液加入到过滤膜上，使得所述的过滤膜显现出透明的状态；所述过滤膜是由具有透明材质性能的材料制成，在制备完成后的过滤膜呈非透明或半透明状态，所述膜透明液的折光率与过滤膜的材料的折光率的误差在±10％内。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的应用膜分离的检测方法，其特征是：所述膜透明液与过滤膜的材料的折光率误差在±5％内。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的应用膜分离的检测方法，其特征是：所述膜透明液与过滤膜的材料的折光率误差-0.155％~1.81％。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的应用膜分离的检测方法，其特征是：所述的膜透明液的折光率与过滤膜的材料的折光率相同。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的应用膜分离的检测方法，其特征是：所述的过滤膜为用于光学形态学检验的过滤膜。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的应用膜分离的检测方法，其特征是：所述的过滤膜的材料为聚偏二氟乙烯；所述的膜透明液由石蜡油和甲基硅油混合而成，或是由水和甘油混合而成。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的应用膜分离的检测方法，其特征是：石蜡油和甲基硅油之间的体积比例为1:1.8~2.2 之间，或水和甘油之间的体积比例为1: 2.8~3.2之间。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的应用膜分离的检测方法，其特征是：石蜡油和甲基硅油之间的体积比例为1: 2.0，或水和甘油之间的体积比例为1: 3.0。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的应用膜分离的检测方法，其特征是：水和甘油之间的体积比例为1:0.8~3.2之间。
  10. 一种膜透明液，其特征在于，所述膜透明液的折光率与过滤膜的材料的折光率相比误差在±10％内。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的膜透明液，其特征在于，所述的过滤膜为用于光学形态学检验的过滤膜。
  12. 根据权利要求10或11所述的膜透明液，其特征在于，所述膜透明液与过滤膜材料的折光率的误差在±5％内。
  13. 根据权利要求10或11所述的膜透明液，其特征在于，所述膜透明液与过滤膜的材料的折光率的误差-0.155％~1.81％。
  14. 根据权利要求10或11所述的膜透明液，其特征是：使由聚偏二氟乙烯材料制得的过滤膜变成透明状态的膜透明液是由石蜡油和甲基硅油混合而成；或是由水和甘油混合而成。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的膜透明液，其特征是：所述的石蜡油和甲基硅油之间的体积比例为1:1.8~2.2 之间；或是所述的水和甘油之间的体积比例为1: 2.8~3.2之间。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的膜透明液，其特征是：所述的石蜡油和甲基硅油之间的体积比例为1: 2.0；或是所述的水和甘油之间的体积比例为1: 3.0。
  17. 根据权利要求14所述的膜透明液，其特征是：使由聚偏二氟乙烯材料制得的过滤膜变得透明的膜透明液由水和甘油混合而成水和甘油之间的体积比例为1:0.8~3.2之间。
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