WO2013084805A1 - 含窒素芳香族化合物、有機半導体材料及び有機電子デバイス - Google Patents
含窒素芳香族化合物、有機半導体材料及び有機電子デバイス Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013084805A1 WO2013084805A1 PCT/JP2012/081045 JP2012081045W WO2013084805A1 WO 2013084805 A1 WO2013084805 A1 WO 2013084805A1 JP 2012081045 W JP2012081045 W JP 2012081045W WO 2013084805 A1 WO2013084805 A1 WO 2013084805A1
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- aromatic
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Images
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
- C07D487/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains four or more hetero rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D519/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing more than one system of two or more relevant hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring system not provided for in groups C07D453/00 or C07D455/00
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- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/10—Apparatus or processes specially adapted to the manufacture of electroluminescent light sources
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/615—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene
- H10K85/626—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene containing more than one polycyclic condensed aromatic rings, e.g. bis-anthracene
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/654—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom comprising only nitrogen as heteroatom
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/655—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom comprising only sulfur as heteroatom
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
- H10K85/6572—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only nitrogen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. phenanthroline or carbazole
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
- H10K85/6576—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only sulfur in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. benzothiophene
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- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/10—Non-macromolecular compounds
- C09K2211/1003—Carbocyclic compounds
- C09K2211/1007—Non-condensed systems
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a novel nitrogen-containing aromatic compound, an organic semiconductor material containing the same, an organic semiconductor film obtained using the organic semiconductor material, and an organic electronic device such as an organic thin film transistor.
- a high temperature process and a high vacuum process are indispensable for forming a thin film. Since a high temperature process is required, a thin film of silicon cannot be formed on a plastic substrate or the like, and it has been difficult to impart flexibility and weight reduction to a product incorporating a semiconductor element. In addition, since a high vacuum process is required, it is difficult to increase the area and cost of a product incorporating a semiconductor element.
- organic electronic devices for example, organic electroluminescence (organic EL) elements, organic thin film transistor elements, or organic thin film photoelectric conversion elements
- organic semiconductor materials can significantly reduce the manufacturing process temperature as compared with inorganic semiconductor materials, they can be formed on a plastic substrate or the like.
- organic semiconductor material having high solubility in a solvent and good film formability a thin film can be formed using a coating method that does not require a vacuum process, for example, an ink jet device, As a result, it is expected to realize an increase in area and cost, which has been difficult with a semiconductor element using silicon, which is an inorganic semiconductor material.
- organic semiconductor materials are advantageous in terms of large area, flexibility, weight reduction, cost reduction, and the like compared to inorganic semiconductor materials.
- Applications such as information tags, large-area sensors such as electronic artificial skin sheets and sheet-type scanners, displays such as liquid crystal displays, electronic paper, and organic EL panels are expected.
- Patent Document 1 A hydrocarbon-based acene-type polycyclic aromatic molecule such as pentacene also has a low oxidation stability.
- Non-patent Document 2 pentathienoacene fused with a thiophene ring has improved oxidation resistance as compared with pentacene, but has low carrier mobility and requires many steps for its synthesis. It was not a preferable material.
- Organic thin-film solar cells constructed by laminating organic semiconductor materials into thin films have been studied in the early stages of development with single-layer films using merocyanine dyes as organic semiconductor materials. Since it was found that conversion efficiency (photoelectric conversion efficiency) from light input to electrical output is improved by forming a multilayer film having a p-type organic semiconductor layer and an n-type organic semiconductor layer for transporting electrons Multilayer films are becoming mainstream.
- the organic semiconductor materials used when the multilayer film began to be studied were copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) as the p-type organic semiconductor material layer and peryleneimides (PTCBI) as the n-type organic semiconductor material layer.
- a conductive polymer is used as a p-type organic semiconductor material
- a fullerene (C60) derivative is used as an n-type organic semiconductor material, and they are mixed and heat-treated.
- the material system used here was mainly poly-3-hexylthiophene (P3HT) as the p-type organic semiconductor material and C60 derivative (PCBM) as the n-type organic semiconductor material.
- Patent Document 2 discloses an organic thin film solar cell using a compound having a fluoranthene skeleton, but does not give satisfactory photoelectric conversion efficiency.
- the present invention is obtained by using a novel nitrogen-containing aromatic compound that can be used as an organic semiconductor material that solves the above-described problems of the prior art, an organic semiconductor material containing the same, and an organic semiconductor material
- An object is to provide an organic electronic device.
- the present inventors have found a new organic semiconductor material having high charge mobility, oxidation stability, and solvent solubility, and by using this for an organic semiconductor element, a high-performance organic electronic element device And the present invention has been achieved.
- each R is independently hydrogen, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, an aromatic group having 3 to 50 carbon atoms, an aromatic substituted alkyl group having 4 to 60 carbon atoms, or 5 carbon atoms.
- n represents an integer of 0 to 4.
- n represents an integer of 1 to 4.
- Examples of the compound represented by the general formula (1) include a compound represented by the following general formula (2).
- R is the same as R in the general formula (1).
- Another embodiment of the present invention is a nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic compound represented by the following general formula (3).
- X represents a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a boronic acid, a boronic acid ester, or a sulfonyl group.
- n is the same as n in the general formula (1).
- Another embodiment of the present invention is a nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle represented by the general formula (1), wherein the compound represented by the general formula (3) is reacted with a compound represented by the following general formula (4). It is a manufacturing method of a compound.
- R is the same as R in the general formula (1)
- Y is a functional group that reacts with X and leaves.
- Another aspect of the present invention is an organic semiconductor material characterized by containing the compound represented by the general formula (1).
- Another aspect of the present invention is an organic semiconductor film characterized by containing the organic semiconductor material described above.
- Another aspect of the present invention is an organic semiconductor film formed by dissolving the organic semiconductor material in an organic solvent and applying and drying the prepared solution.
- an organic electronic device characterized by using the organic semiconductor material described above.
- the organic electronic device is preferably a light emitting element, an organic thin film transistor, or a photovoltaic element, and more preferably an organic thin film transistor.
- the schematic cross section which showed an example of the organic field effect transistor element is shown.
- the schematic cross section which showed an example of the organic field effect transistor element is shown.
- the schematic cross section which showed an example of the organic field effect transistor element is shown.
- the schematic cross section which showed an example of the organic field effect transistor element is shown.
- the schematic cross section which showed one structural example of the photovoltaic device is shown.
- the schematic cross section which showed one structural example of the photovoltaic device is shown.
- the nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic compound of the present invention is represented by the general formula (1).
- R is independently hydrogen, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, an aromatic group having 3 to 50 carbon atoms, an aromatic substituted alkyl group having 4 to 60 carbon atoms, Represents an aromatic substituted alkenyl group having 5 to 60 carbon atoms or an aromatic substituted alkynyl group having 5 to 60 carbon atoms, wherein at least one of R is an aromatic group having 3 to 50 carbon atoms and aromatic substitution having 4 to 60 carbon atoms An alkyl group, an aromatic substituted alkenyl group having 5 to 60 carbon atoms, or an aromatic substituted alkynyl group having 5 to 60 carbon atoms; These groups may further have a substituent, and when having one or more substituents, the number of carbons of the substituents is included in the calculation of the number of carbons.
- the aromatic group is meant to include an aromatic hydrocarbon group and an aromatic heterocyclic group, and the aromatic group may be an aromatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic heterocyclic group.
- R represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, an aromatic group having 3 to 50 carbon atoms, an aromatic substituted alkyl group having 4 to 60 carbon atoms, and an aromatic substituted alkenyl group having 5 to 60 carbon atoms. Alternatively, these groups in the case of an aromatic substituted alkynyl group having 5 to 60 carbon atoms will be described.
- the aliphatic hydrocarbon group is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms. Specific examples include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an i-propyl group, an n-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an n Linear saturated hydrocarbon groups such as -hexyl, n-octyl, n-dodecyl, n-tetradecyl, n-octadecyl, n-docosyl, n-tetracosyl, isobutyl, neopentyl, 2- Branched saturated hydrocarbon groups such as ethylhexyl group, 2-hexyloctyl group and 4-decyldodecyl group, saturated fats such as alkyl group, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, cyclooctyl group, 4-butyl
- the alkenyl group is preferably an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and specific examples thereof include a vinyl group, an allyl group, and a butenyl group.
- the alkynyl group is preferably an alkynyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and specific examples include ethynyl group, propynyl group, butynyl group and the like.
- the aromatic group is preferably an aromatic group having 3 to 36 carbon atoms.
- Specific examples include benzene, pentalene, indene, naphthalene, azulene, heptalene, octalene, indacene, acenaphthylene, phenalene, phenanthrene, anthracene, tridene, fluoranthene, Acephenanthrylene, acanthrylene, triphenylene, pyrene, chrysene, tetraphen, tetracene, preaden, picene, perylene, pentaphen, pentacene, tetraphenylene, helicene, hexaphene, rubicene, coronene, trinaphthylene, heptaphene, pyranthrene, ovalene, Coranulene, fluorene, anthanthrene, zetrene, tery
- the aromatic ring is a group generated from a plurality of linked aromatic compounds, the number to be linked is preferably 2 to 10, more preferably 2 to 7, and the linked aromatic rings may be the same. It may be different.
- it is a condensed ring, it is preferably a condensed ring in which 2 to 5 rings are condensed.
- a group formed by connecting a plurality of aromatic rings is represented by the following formula, for example.
- Ar 1 to Ar 6 represent a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring.
- the aromatic group branched and linked is not treated as a substituent.
- Specific examples of the group formed by connecting a plurality of the aromatic rings include, for example, biphenyl, terphenyl, bipyridine, bipyrimidine, phenylnaphthalene, diphenylnaphthalene, phenylphenanthrene, pyridylbenzene, pyridylphenanthrene, bithiophene, terthiophene, And groups formed by removing hydrogen from vidhienothiophene, phenylindolocarbazole and the like.
- the aromatic substituted alkyl group is preferably an aromatic substituted alkyl group having 4 to 44 carbon atoms
- the aromatic substituted alkenyl group is preferably an aromatic substituted alkenyl group having 5 to 44 carbon atoms
- the aromatic substituted alkynyl group is 5 to carbon atoms. 44 aromatic substituted alkynyl groups are preferred. These aromatic-substituted groups are understood as groups in which the aromatic group is substituted with the alkyl group, the alkenyl group, or the alkynyl group.
- the alkyl group or aromatic group, aromatic substituted alkyl group, aromatic substituted alkenyl group or aromatic substituted alkynyl group may have a substituent, and the substituent is limited as long as the performance of the semiconductor material is not impaired.
- the total number of substituents is 1 to 4, preferably 1 to 2.
- the group which arises from the aromatic compound with which multiple aromatic rings were connected can also have a substituent.
- Preferred examples of these substituents include alkyl groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkoxy groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkylthio groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenyl groups having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and alkynyl groups having 2 to 10 carbon atoms.
- aromatic substituted alkenyl group having 5 to 60 carbon atoms aromatic substituted alkynyl group having 5 to 60 carbon atoms, alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, alkoxycarbonyloxy group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, carbon number 1
- Alkylsulfonyl and the like More preferably, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkylthio group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, carbon Examples thereof include an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms and an alkoxycarbonyloxy group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms.
- n-Linear saturated hydrocarbon groups such as pentyl group, n-hexyl group, n-octyl group, n-dodecyl group, n-tetradecyl group, n-octadecyl group, n-docosyl group, n-tetracosyl group, isobutyl group, neopentyl Group, 2-ethylhexyl group, 2-hexyloctyl group, branched saturated hydrocarbon group such as 4-decyldodecyl group, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, cyclooctyl group, Saturated alicyclic hydrocarbon groups such as 4-butylcyclohexyl group and 4-dodecylcyclohexyl group,
- n independently represents an integer of 1 to 4.
- at least one of R is an aromatic group having 3 to 50 carbon atoms, an aromatic substituted alkyl group having 4 to 60 carbon atoms, an aromatic substituted alkenyl group having 5 to 60 carbon atoms, or an aromatic group having 5 to 60 carbon atoms.
- a group selected from a group-substituted alkynyl group. 4n R may be present, and groups other than H are preferably in the range of 1 to 4.
- R has the same meaning as R in general formula (1).
- the nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic compound represented by the general formula (3) is useful as an intermediate for the compound represented by the general formula (1).
- X represents a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a boronic acid, a boronic acid ester, or a sulfonyl group.
- the nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic compound represented by the general formula (3) is also a novel compound.
- the nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic compound represented by the general formula (1) is reacted.
- R is the same as R in the general formula (1)
- Y is a functional group that reacts with X and leaves.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) of the present invention is represented by the following reaction formulas (A), (B) with reference to synthesis examples shown in, for example, New Journal of Chemistry, 34 (7), 1243-1246 (2010). ) And (C).
- the compound represented by the general formula (3) is obtained as an intermediate thereof.
- the organic semiconductor material of the present invention contains the compound of the general formula (1), but preferably contains 50 wt% or more, more preferably 90 wt% or more of this compound. It is also preferred that the compound of general formula (1) itself is an organic semiconductor material.
- the component contained together with the compound of the general formula (1) in the organic semiconductor material is not particularly limited as long as it does not impair the performance as the organic semiconductor material, but the organic semiconductor material comprising a charge transporting compound It is good to be.
- the organic semiconductor film of the present invention is formed from the above organic semiconductor material.
- the organic semiconductor material is formed by dissolving the organic semiconductor material in an organic solvent and applying and drying the prepared solution.
- This organic semiconductor film is useful as an organic semiconductor layer in an organic electronic device.
- an organic electronic device including an organic semiconductor material formed from the organic semiconductor material of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4, taking an organic thin film transistor element (OTFT element) as an example.
- the organic electronic device of the present invention is preferably an organic semiconductor device comprising an organic semiconductor material.
- 1, 2, 3, and 4 illustrate an embodiment of the OTFT device of the present invention, and all are schematic cross-sectional views showing the structure of the OTFT device. Explanation of symbols; 1 substrate, 2 gate electrode, 3 insulating layer, 4 organic semiconductor, 5 source electrode, 6 drain electrode, 7 substrate, 8 positive electrode, 9 organic semiconductor layer, 9-a electron donating organic semiconductor layer, 9-b electron accepting property Organic semiconductor layer, 10 negative electrode.
- the OTFT device shown in FIG. 1 includes a gate electrode 2 on the surface of a substrate 1, an insulating film layer 3 is formed on the gate electrode 2, and a source electrode 5 and a drain electrode 6 are formed on the insulating film layer 3. And an organic semiconductor layer 4 is formed.
- the OTFT device shown in FIG. 2 includes a gate electrode 2 on the surface of a substrate 1, an insulating film layer 3 is formed on the gate electrode 2, and an organic semiconductor layer 4 is formed thereon. On 4, a source electrode 5 and a drain electrode 6 are provided.
- a source electrode 5 and a drain electrode 6 are provided on the surface of a substrate 1, and a gate electrode 2 is formed on the outermost surface via an organic semiconductor layer 4 and an insulating film layer 3.
- the organic semiconductor device according to the present invention is provided with an organic semiconductor layer 4, a source electrode 5 and a drain electrode 6 on the surface of the substrate 1, and the outermost surface through the insulating film layer 3.
- a gate electrode 2 is formed on the substrate.
- the substrate 1 examples include ceramic substrates such as glass, quartz, aluminum oxide, sapphire, silicon nitride, and silicon carbide, semiconductor substrates such as silicon, germanium, gallium silicon, gallium phosphorus, and gallium nitrogen, polyethylene terephthalate, Examples thereof include polyesters such as polynaphthalene terephthalate, resin substrates such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl alcohol, ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer, cyclic polyolefin, polyimide, polyamide, and polystyrene.
- the thickness of the substrate can be from about 10 ⁇ m to about 2 mm, particularly about 50 to about 100 micrometers for flexible plastic substrates, about 0.1 for rigid substrates such as glass plates or silicon wafers. It can be 1 to about 2 mm.
- the gate electrode 2 may be a metal thin film, a conductive polymer film, a conductive film made from a conductive ink or paste, or the substrate itself as a gate electrode, such as heavily doped silicon. can do.
- gate electrode materials include aluminum, copper, stainless steel, gold, chromium, n-doped or p-doped silicon, indium tin oxide, conductive polymers such as poly (3,4-polystyrene) doped with polystyrene sulfonic acid. Ethylenedioxythiophene), conductive ink / paste containing carbon black / soot graphite, or colloidal silver dispersed in a polymer binder.
- the gate electrode 2 can be formed by using vacuum deposition, sputtering of a metal or conductive metal oxide, spin coating of a conductive polymer solution or conductive ink, inkjet, spraying, coating, casting, or the like.
- the thickness of the gate electrode 2 is preferably in the range of about 10 nm to 10 ⁇ m, for example.
- the insulating film layer 3 can generally be an inorganic material film or an organic polymer film.
- inorganic materials suitable for the insulating film layer 3 include silicon oxide, silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, barium titanate, and barium zirconium titanate.
- organic compounds suitable for the insulating film layer 3 include polyesters, polycarbonates, poly (vinylphenol), polyimides, polystyrene, poly (methacrylates), poly (acrylates), and epoxy resins.
- an inorganic material may be dispersed in an organic polymer and used as an insulating layer film. The thickness of the insulating film layer varies depending on the dielectric constant of the insulating material used, but is, for example, about 10 nm to 10 ⁇ m.
- Examples of the means for forming the insulating film layer include dry film formation methods such as vacuum deposition, CVD, sputtering, and laser deposition, spin coating, blade coating, screen printing, ink jet printing, and stamping. Examples include a wet film forming method such as a method, which can be used depending on the material.
- the source electrode 5 and the drain electrode 6 can be made of a material that gives low resistance ohmic contact to the organic semiconductor layer 4 described later.
- a preferable material for the source electrode 5 and the drain electrode 6 those exemplified as a preferable material for the gate electrode 2 can be used, and examples thereof include gold, nickel, aluminum, platinum, a conductive polymer, and a conductive ink.
- the thicknesses of the source electrode 5 and the drain electrode 6 are typically about 40 nm to about 10 ⁇ m, more preferably about 10 nm to 1 ⁇ m, for example.
- Examples of means for forming the source electrode 5 and the drain electrode 6 include a vacuum deposition method, a sputtering method, a coating method, a thermal transfer method, a printing method, and a sol-gel method. It is preferable to perform patterning as needed during film formation or after film formation.
- a patterning method for example, a photolithography method in which patterning and etching of a photoresist are combined can be used. Patterning can also be performed by using a technique combining a plurality of these techniques such as inkjet printing, screen printing, offset printing, soft lithography such as microcontact printing.
- a dry film forming method such as a vacuum deposition method, a CVD method, a sputtering method, or a laser deposition method, or after applying a solution or dispersion on a substrate, a solvent or dispersion medium
- a wet film formation method in which a thin film is formed by removing the film, but it is preferable to use a wet film formation method.
- the wet film formation method include spin coating, blade coating, screen printing, ink jet printing, and stamping.
- an insulating film formed on the substrate 1 is prepared by preparing a solution having a concentration of 0.01 wt% to 10 wt% by dissolving the organic semiconductor material of the present invention in an appropriate solvent having solubility.
- the organic semiconductor material solution is dropped on the layer 3 and then rotated at 500 to 6000 rpm for 5 to 120 seconds.
- the solvent is selected depending on the solubility of each organic semiconductor material in each solvent and the film quality after film formation.
- water for example, water, alcohols typified by methanol, aromatic hydrocarbons typified by toluene, hexane
- Aliphatic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane, organic nitro compounds such as nitromethane and nitrobenzene, cyclic ether compounds such as tetrahydrofuran and dioxane, nitrile compounds such as acetonitrile and benzonitrile, ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone, acetic acid
- a solvent selected from esters such as ethyl, aprotic polar solvents represented by dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylacetamide, sulfolane, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylimidazolidinone, and the like can be used. These solvents may be used in combination of two or more.
- the organic field effect transistor element using the organic semiconductor material of the present invention can be produced by the method described above.
- the organic semiconductor layer forms a channel region, and the on / off operation is controlled by controlling the current flowing between the source electrode and the drain electrode by the voltage applied to the gate electrode. To do.
- the organic semiconductor device obtained from the organic semiconductor material of the present invention there is a photovoltaic element.
- a photovoltaic element is a photovoltaic device having a positive electrode, an organic semiconductor layer and a negative electrode on a substrate, wherein the organic semiconductor layer includes the organic semiconductor material of the present invention described above.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the structure of a general photovoltaic device used in the present invention, wherein 7 represents a substrate, 8 represents a positive electrode, 9 represents an organic semiconductor layer, and 10 represents a negative electrode.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a structure in which organic semiconductor layers are stacked, where 9-a is a p-type organic semiconductor layer and 9-b is an n-type organic semiconductor layer.
- the saddle substrate is not particularly limited, and may be a conventionally known configuration, for example. It is preferable to use a glass substrate or a transparent resin film having mechanical and thermal strength and transparency.
- Transparent resin films include polyethylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, polypropylene, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyral, nylon, polyether ether ketone.
- the electrode material it is preferable to use a conductive material having a high work function for one electrode and a conductive material having a low work function for the other electrode.
- An electrode using a conductive material having a large work function is a positive electrode.
- Conductive materials with a large work function include metals such as gold, platinum, chromium and nickel, transparent metal oxides such as indium and tin, composite metal oxides (indium tin oxide (ITO), indium Zinc oxide (IZO) or the like is preferably used.
- the conductive material used for the positive electrode is preferably an ohmic junction with the organic semiconductor layer.
- a hole transport layer described later it is preferable that the conductive material used for the positive electrode is an ohmic contact with the hole transport layer.
- An electrode using a conductive material having a small work function serves as a negative electrode.
- the conductive material having a small work function alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, specifically, lithium, magnesium, or calcium is used. Tin, silver, and aluminum are also preferably used.
- an electrode made of an alloy made of the above metal or a laminate of the above metal is also preferably used.
- the conductive material used for the negative electrode is preferably one that is in ohmic contact with the organic semiconductor layer.
- an electron transport layer described later it is preferable that the conductive material used for the negative electrode is in ohmic contact with the electron transport layer.
- the organic semiconductor layer contains the compound of the present invention. That is, it is formed using the organic semiconductor material of the present invention containing the compound represented by the formula (1).
- the organic semiconductor material of the present invention is used for a p-type organic semiconductor material (hereinafter referred to as a p-type organic material), an n-type organic semiconductor material (hereinafter referred to as an n-type organic material), or both.
- Two or more compounds represented by formula (1) can be used, one or more of which can be a p-type organic material component, and the other one or more can be an n-type organic material component.
- One of the p-type organic material and the n-type organic material may be a compound that does not include the compound represented by the formula (1).
- the organic semiconductor layer is formed using an organic semiconductor material containing at least one compound represented by the formula (1).
- the compound represented by the formula (1) functions as a p-type organic material or an n-type organic material.
- P-type organic material and n-type organic material These materials are preferably mixed, and the p-type organic material and the n-type organic material are preferably compatible or phase-separated at the molecular level.
- the domain size of this phase separation structure is not particularly limited, but is usually 1 nm or more and 50 nm or less.
- a layer having a p-type organic material exhibiting p-type semiconductor characteristics is on the positive electrode side, and a layer having an n-type organic material exhibiting n-type semiconductor characteristics is provided.
- the negative electrode side is preferred.
- the organic semiconductor layer preferably has a thickness of 5 nm to 500 nm, more preferably 30 nm to 300 nm.
- the layer having the p-type organic material of the present invention preferably has a thickness of 1 nm to 400 nm, more preferably 15 nm to 150 nm, out of the above thicknesses.
- p-type organic material a compound exhibiting p-type semiconductor characteristics among the compounds represented by the formula (1) may be used alone, or other p-type organic materials may be included.
- other p-type organic materials include polythiophene polymers, benzothiadiazole-thiophene derivatives, benzothiadiazole-thiophene copolymers, poly-p-phenylene vinylene polymers, poly-p-phenylene polymers, Conjugated polymers such as polyfluorene polymers, polypyrrole polymers, polyaniline polymers, polyacetylene polymers, polythienylene vinylene polymers, H2 phthalocyanine (H2Pc), copper phthalocyanine (CuPc), zinc phthalocyanine Phthalocyanine derivatives such as (ZnPc), porphyrin derivatives, N, N′-diphenyl-N, N′-di (3-methylphenyl) -4,4′-diphenyl-1,1′-
- n-type organic material a compound exhibiting n-type semiconductor characteristics among the compounds represented by the formula (1) may be used alone, or another n-type organic material may be used.
- Other n-type organic materials include, for example, 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (NTCDA), 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA), 3,4, 9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic bisbenzimidazole (PTCBI), N, N′-dioctyl-3,4,9,10-naphthyltetracarboxydiimide (PTCDI-C8H), 2- (4-biphenylyl) -5 Oxazole derivatives such as (4-t-butylphenyl) -1,3,4-oxadiazole (PBD), 2,5-di (1-naphthyl) -1,3,4-oxadiazole (BND), 3- (4
- a hole transport layer may be provided between the positive electrode and the organic semiconductor layer.
- conductive polymers such as polythiophene polymers, poly-p-phenylene vinylene polymers, polyfluorene polymers, phthalocyanine derivatives (H2Pc, CuPc, ZnPc, etc.), Low molecular organic compounds exhibiting p-type semiconductor properties such as porphyrin derivatives are preferably used.
- PEDOT polyethylenedioxythiophene
- PEDOT polyethylenedioxythiophene
- PEDOT polyethylenedioxythiophene
- PEDOT polyethylenedioxythiophene
- PEDOT polystyrene sulfonate
- the thickness of the hole transport layer is preferably 5 nm to 600 nm, more preferably 30 nm to 200 nm.
- an electron transport layer may be provided between the organic semiconductor layer and the negative electrode.
- the material for forming the electron transport layer is not particularly limited, but the above-described n-type organic materials (NTCDA, PTCDA, PTCDI-C8H, oxazole derivatives, triazole derivatives, phenanthroline derivatives, phosphine oxide derivatives, fullerene compounds, CNTs)
- An organic material exhibiting n-type semiconductor characteristics such as CN-PPV
- the thickness of the electron transport layer is preferably 5 nm to 600 nm, more preferably 30 nm to 200 nm.
- two or more organic semiconductor layers may be stacked (tandemized) via one or more intermediate electrodes to form a series junction.
- a laminated structure of substrate / positive electrode / first organic semiconductor layer / intermediate electrode / second organic semiconductor layer / negative electrode can be given.
- the open circuit voltage can be improved.
- the hole transport layer described above may be provided between the positive electrode and the first organic semiconductor layer and between the intermediate electrode and the second organic semiconductor layer, and between the first organic semiconductor layer and the intermediate electrode.
- the hole transport layer described above may be provided between the second organic semiconductor layer and the negative electrode.
- At least one layer of the organic semiconductor layer contains the compound of the present invention represented by the formula (1), and the other layer does not reduce the short-circuit current. It is preferable to include a p-type organic material having a different band gap from the organic material. Examples of such p-type organic materials include the polythiophene polymers, poly-p-phenylene vinylene polymers, poly-p-phenylene polymers, polyfluorene polymers, polypyrrole polymers, polyaniline polymers described above.
- Conjugated polymers such as polymers, polyacetylene polymers, polythienylene vinylene polymers, phthalocyanine derivatives such as H2 phthalocyanine (H2Pc), copper phthalocyanine (CuPc), zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc), porphyrin derivatives, N, N′-diphenyl-N, N′-di (3-methylphenyl) -4,4′-diphenyl-1,1′-diamine (TPD), N, N′-dinaphthyl-N, N′-diphenyl-4 Triarylamine derivatives such as 4,4′-diphenyl-1,1′-diamine (NPD), 4,4′-di (carbazo Carbazole derivatives such as Le-9-yl) biphenyl (CBP), oligothiophene derivatives (terthiophene, quarter thiophene, sexithiophene, etc. oct thiophene
- the material for the intermediate electrode used here is preferably a material having high conductivity, for example, the above-mentioned metals such as gold, platinum, chromium, nickel, lithium, magnesium, calcium, tin, silver, aluminum, and transparent Metal oxides such as indium and tin, composite metal oxides (indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), etc.), alloys composed of the above metals and laminates of the above metals, polyethylene Examples include dioxythiophene (PEDOT) and those obtained by adding polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) to PEDOT.
- the intermediate electrode preferably has a light transmission property, but even a material such as a metal having a low light transmission property can often ensure a sufficient light transmission property by reducing the film thickness.
- organic semiconductor layer formation spin coating, blade coating, slit die coating, screen printing coating, bar coater coating, mold coating, printing transfer method, dip pulling method, ink jet method, spray method, vacuum deposition method, etc. This method may be used, and the formation method may be selected according to the characteristics of the organic semiconductor layer to be obtained, such as film thickness control and orientation control.
- the organic semiconductor device of the present invention uses the organic semiconductor material of the present invention.
- Such an organic semiconductor device includes a light emitting element, a thin film transistor, or a photovoltaic element, and is preferably a thin film transistor or a photovoltaic element, and more preferably an organic thin film transistor.
- the organic semiconductor material of the present invention has high charge mobility, solvent solubility, oxidation stability, and good film forming properties, and an organic semiconductor device using the material exhibits high characteristics.
- organic semiconductor devices that can make use of the characteristics of the organic semiconductor material of the present invention, for example, organic field effect transistors and organic thin film solar cells can be shown, and furthermore, by incorporating these organic semiconductor devices, information can be obtained. It can be applied to displays such as tags, large-area sensors such as electronic artificial skin sheets and sheet-type scanners, liquid crystal displays, electronic paper, and organic EL panels.
- Example 1 A compound (100) synthesized in Synthesis Example 1 is deposited on a 150 nm thick ITO substrate by vacuum deposition to form an organic semiconductor film having a thickness of about 2.5 mm, and then silver is deposited by vacuum deposition. A 170 nm deposited film was formed. The charge mobility of the obtained device was evaluated by the TOF method. As a result, the hole mobility was 3.9 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 cm 2 / Vs at an electric field strength of 51.0 MV / cm.
- Example 2 The characteristics of the organic semiconductor material of the present invention were evaluated by preparing an organic field effect transistor having the configuration shown in FIG. First, a silicon wafer (n-doped) having a thermally grown silicon oxide layer having a thickness of about 300 nm was washed with a sulfuric acid-hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution, boiled with isopropyl alcohol, and then dried. The obtained silicon wafer was spin-coated with a photoresist, and then exposed with an exposure machine through a photomask. Subsequently, after developing with a developing solution, it wash
- chromium having a thickness of 3 nm and further gold having a thickness of 50 nm were deposited by vacuum deposition.
- the silicon wafer was immersed in a remover solution to produce a source electrode and a drain electrode on the silicon wafer.
- the silicon wafer on which the source electrode and the drain electrode were formed was washed with acetone, then boiled with isopropyl alcohol and dried to produce an organic field effect transistor substrate.
- the compound (100) obtained in Example 1 was deposited by a vacuum deposition method to form an organic semiconductor film having a thickness of 50 nm on the substrate. In this way, an organic field effect transistor having the structure shown in FIG. 1 was obtained. The characteristics of the obtained organic field effect transistor were evaluated.
- the mobility was 4.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 1 cm 2 / Vs.
- Example 2 instead of the compound (100), pentacene was used and the same operation was performed to produce an organic field effect transistor element.
- the mobility was 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 1 cm 2 / Vs.
- Example 2 As described above, comparing Example 2 and Comparative Example 1 revealed that the structure represented by Formula (1) has high characteristics as an organic semiconductor.
- the nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic compound of the present invention has a conjugated structure extending over the entire molecular structure, the electron orbital also extends over the entire molecular structure.
- the three-dimensional structure has a characteristic of high planarity, packing between molecules is dense, and as a result, the nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic compound of the present invention exhibits high charge transfer characteristics.
- the organic electronic device of the present invention can exhibit high characteristics. For example, an organic field effect transistor, an organic thin film solar cell, an information tag, a large area sensor such as an electronic artificial skin sheet or a sheet type scanner, a liquid crystal Applications to displays such as displays, electronic paper, and organic EL panels are conceivable, and their technical value is great.
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Abstract
Description
そこで、光電変換効率を高めるべく、これら従来の材料に代わる新規な材料の開発が熱望されている。例えば、特許文献2では、フルオランテン骨格を有する化合物を用いた有機薄膜太陽電池が開示されているが、満足な光電変換効率を与えるものではない。
式(1)中、Rはそれぞれ独立に水素、炭素数1~30の脂肪族炭化水素基、炭素数3~50の芳香族基、炭素数4~60の芳香族置換アルキル基、炭素数5~60の芳香族置換アルケニル基または炭素数5~60の芳香族置換アルキニル基を示し、Rのうち少なくとも1つは炭素数3~50の芳香族基、炭素数4~60の芳香族置換アルキル基、炭素数5~60の芳香族置換アルケニル基または炭素数5~60の芳香族置換アルキニル基から選ばれる基である。nは0~4の整数を表す。nは1~4の整数を示す。
式中Xは、ハロゲン原子、水酸基、ボロン酸、ボロン酸エステル、又はスルホニル基を示す。nは一般式(1)のnと同意である。
式(4)中、Rは一般式(1)のRと同意であり、Yは、Xと反応して脱離する官能基である。
縮合環である場合、2~5個の環が縮合した縮合環であることが好ましい。
式(4)中、Rは一般式(1)のRと同意であり、YはXと反応して脱離する官能基である。
符号の説明;
1 基板、2 ゲート電極、3 絶縁層、4 有機半導体、5 ソース電極、6 ドレイン電極、7 基板、8 正極、9 有機半導体層、9-a 電子供与性有機半導体層、9-b 電子受容性有機半導体層、10 負極。
有機半導体層は本発明の化合物を含む。すなわち、式(1)で表される化合物を含む本発明の有機半導体材料を用いて形成される。本発明の有機半導体材料はp型有機半導体材料(以下p型有機材料という)、n型有機半導体材料(以下n型有機材料という)又は両者に使用される。式(1)で表される化合物を2種以上使用して、その1以上をp型有機材料成分とし、他の1以上をn型有機材料成分とすることができる。また、p型有機材料又はn型有機材料の一方を式(1)で表される化合物を含まない化合物とすることもできる。
膜厚150 nmのITO基板上に、合成例1で合成した化合物(100)を真空蒸着法により蒸着製膜し膜厚が約2.5 mmの有機半導体膜を形成した後、銀を真空蒸着法により170 nm蒸着製膜した。得られた素子をTOF法により、電荷移動度を評価した。その結果電界強度51.0 MV/cmにおいて、正孔移動度が3.9×10-2 cm2/Vsであった。
本発明の有機半導体材料の特性を、図1に示す構成の有機電界効果トランジスタを作成し、評価した。まず、約300nmの厚みの熱成長酸化ケイ素層を有するシリコンウェハ(nドープ)を、硫酸-過酸化水素水溶液で洗浄し、イソプロピルアルコールで煮沸した後、乾燥した。得られたシリコンウェハにフォトレジストをスピンコート後、フォトマスクを介して露光機により露光した。次いで、現像液で現像を行った後、イオン交換水で洗浄し、空気乾燥した。そのパターニングされたフォトレジストが塗布されたシリコンウェハ上に、真空蒸着法により、厚さ3nmのクロム、更にその上から50nmの金を蒸着した。そのシリコンウェハを、リムーバー溶液に浸すことでシリコンウェハ上にソース電極およびドレイン電極を作製した。ソース電極およびドレイン電極が作成されたシリコンウェハをアセトンで洗浄し、さらに、イソプロピルアルコールで煮沸し乾燥した有機電界効果トランジスタ基板を作製した。チャネル長はL=25μm、チャネル幅はW=15.6cmであった。
次に実施例1で得た化合物(100)を真空蒸着法により蒸着製膜し膜厚が50 nmの有機半導体膜を基板上に形成した。このようにして図1に示す構造を有する有機電界効果トランジスタを得た。得られた有機電界効果トランジスタの特性を評価したところ、移動度;4.0×10-1cm2/Vsであった。
実施例2において、化合物(100)の代わりに、ペンタセンを使用し、同様の操作を行い、有機電界効果トランジスタ素子を作製した。得られた素子を実施例2と同様に評価したところ、移動度;1.0×10-1cm2/Vsであった。
Claims (11)
- 下記一般式(3)で示される含窒素芳香族複素環化合物と下記一般式(4)で示される化合物を反応させることを特徴とする下記一般式(1)で示される含窒素芳香族複素環化合物の製造方法。
式(1)中、Rはそれぞれ独立に水素、炭素数1~30の脂肪族炭化水素基、炭素数3~50の芳香族基、炭素数4~60の芳香族置換アルキル基、炭素数5~60の芳香族置換アルケニル基または炭素数5~60の芳香族置換アルキニル基を示し、Rのうち少なくとも1つは炭素数3~50の芳香族基、炭素数4~60の芳香族置換アルキル基、炭素数5~60の芳香族置換アルケニル基または炭素数5~60の芳香族置換アルキニル基を示す。nは1~4の整数を示す。
式(3)中、Xは、ハロゲン原子、水酸基、ボロン酸、ボロン酸エステル、またはスルホニル基を示す。nは一般式(1)のnと同意である。
式(4)中、Rは一般式(1)のRと同意であり、Yは、Xと反応して脱離する官能基である。 - 請求項1に記載の含窒素芳香族複素環化合物を含有することを特徴とする有機半導体材料。
- 請求項5に記載の有機半導体材料から形成されたことを特徴とする有機半導体膜。
- 請求項5に記載の有機半導体材料を有機溶媒に溶解し、調製された溶液を塗布・乾燥する工程を経て、形成されたことを特徴とする有機半導体膜。
- 請求項5に記載の有機半導体材料を用いることを特徴とする有機電子デバイス。
- 有機電子デバイスが、発光素子、薄膜トランジスタ、又は光起電力素子のいずれかである請求項8に記載の有機電子デバイス。
- 有機電子デバイスが、薄膜トランジスタ、又は光起電力素子のいずれかである請求項8に記載の有機電子デバイス
- 有機電子デバイスが、有機薄膜トランジスタである請求項8に記載の有機電子デバイス。
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EP3865486A1 (en) | 2020-02-13 | 2021-08-18 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | Heterocyclic compound and an organic electroluminescence device comprising the heterocyclic compound |
KR20220092768A (ko) | 2020-12-25 | 2022-07-04 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 함질소 축합환 화합물, 형광발광제, 유기 전계 발광 소자용 재료 및 유기 전계 발광 소자 |
KR20220092799A (ko) | 2020-12-25 | 2022-07-04 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 함질소 축합환 화합물, 형광 발광제, 유기 전계발광 소자용 재료 및 유기 전계발광 소자 |
Also Published As
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KR20140101411A (ko) | 2014-08-19 |
TW201335159A (zh) | 2013-09-01 |
TWI586667B (zh) | 2017-06-11 |
CN103987715A (zh) | 2014-08-13 |
JPWO2013084805A1 (ja) | 2015-04-27 |
CN103987715B (zh) | 2017-06-30 |
JP6073806B2 (ja) | 2017-02-01 |
KR102001624B1 (ko) | 2019-07-18 |
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